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© Generali Italia S.p.A. Città
Ufficio:
Nazione:
I profili di responsabilità legati alle nuove tecnologie
La responsabilità civile dell’aeromobile a pilotaggio remoto:
alcuni aspetti assicurativi tra criticità e nuove opportunità
Andrea Lanzaro
Global Corporate & Commercial Italia Underwriting - Aviation
Italia
Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
© Generali Italia S.p.A. Città
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
As a minimum, a typical RPAS is composed of:
Aerial Vehicle (aircraft)
Payload(s)
Data Link Systems
Control Station (Ground Control Station + Launch & Recovery System)
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Components
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
AVIATION
• Remotely Piloted Aircraft TP Liability (including War and Terrorism)
• Aviation Product Legal Liability
• Aircraft Hull A.R. / W.R.
• Spare Parts
• Pilot Loss of Licence
• Personal Accident (?)
AND... “NOT AVIATION”
• Property / Transit
• Model Aircraft TP Liability
Insurance
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Third Party Liability
Covers liability to third parties arising out of a loss event causing bodily injury and/or property damage to third parties as a consequence of RPAS failure.*
Physical loss or damage to RPAS
Physical loss or damage to RPAS (airframe, payload) whilst in use/operation/testing
Spare Parts
Physical loss or damage to Spares (parts not attached to the RPAS)
* Cyber Liability, privacy and data implications are not covered under the AVN policy
Insurance
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
RPAS Operators
RPAS Operator’s clients
RPAS Manufacturers
RPAS Distributors
Maintenance Operators
RPAS Pilots
Insured
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment - 1
Certifications, Registrations and Authorisations (RPA, Operator, Pilot)
MTOM – airframe and payload
RPAS type and model
Use and operating environment
Mode and area of operation (controlled, restricted or segregated airspace)
Flight profile / hours
Safety systems
Pilot’s experience and Licence
Loss history
Legal framework (liability, contract, air navigation)
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment - 2
RPA TYPE
Make & Model
Fixed Wing or Rotor Wing
Fleet Total Time
Number of Air Vehicles per GCS
Maximum Take Off Mass (MTOM)
Wingspan or Rotor Diameter
Maximum Operating Altitude
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment
Maximum Range
Maximum Endurance
Single Engine or Multi Engine
Engine type
Automatic deployment of any recovery parachute in case of malfunction during the flight
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment – 3
Operating Environment
Segregated / Not Segregated
Congested / Not Congested
Urban / Semi-Urban
Industrial / Rural
Archaeological
Coastal (inshore) / Maritime (offshore)
Mixed
Operations
Specialised / Non Specialised(remunerated or not)
Critical / Non critical
Civil / Government / Military
Non-hazardous / Hazardous
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment - 4
USE (an extremely versatile, flexible and cheap tool)
“Aerial Work” (Video, photo, data collection, “drone journalism”, etc…)
Scientific research (environmental, atmospheric and meteorological sensing)
Agricultural (e.g. crop/forest survey, monitoring, spray etc.)
Law enforcement (e.g. border patrol, peacekeeping, crowd control etc.)
Disaster/emergency monitoring (e.g. fire/hazard survey)
Maritime / coastal surveillance (homeland security)
Telecommunications / satellite relay / digital divide
Utilities inspection (e.g. powerline monitoring)
And many others .................
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment - 5
PAYLOAD
Make & Model
Simultaneously on Board and Function Value(s)
Hazardous materials or components (e.g. chemical or radioactive)
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Risk Assessment - 6
LAUNCH & RECOVERY
Take-off (area, conventional undercarriage, launch rail, rocket assisted)
Recover/land (area, parachute, conventional landing on undercarriage)
Manoeuvres fully autonomous or external pilot?
GCS MANAGEMENT & OPERATORS
Number of operators per GCS
Qualification of Operators (“Commander” and “Pilot(s)”)
Total RPAS type hours
© Generali Italia S.p.A. Città
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Loss & Claims Handling
• Analysis of legal framework / liability • Hold Harmless Agreements and Waiver of Subrogation
• Operator / Client responsibilities agreements
• ATC (integration of RPA’s within non – segregated airspace and within the Air Traffic Control System)
• Value Assessment
• Accident Investigation / Survey
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Liability scenario
Manufacturer
Operator / Owner / (and Client)
Datalink (Cyber liability)
Airport / landowner
Pilot in command
C.A.A. and Air Traffic Control
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Insurance / Liability
ENAC Regulation “Remotely Piloted Aerial Vehicles”
Insurance
General Provisions for RPAS Art. 20: “A RPAS cannot be operated without valid, adequate third party insurance, not less than the minimum insurance coverage of the table in Article 7 of Reg. (EC) No 785/2004”
Liability
• Operator
• Pilot Art. 17 : “Pursuant to the Code of Navigation, the pilot of the RPAS is responsible for the safe operation of the flight”
• Client Art. 6: “ ..in case of specialised operations carried out for third parties, an agreement must be signed between the RPAS operator and the client by which the parties define their respective responsibilities and agree on the suitability of RPAS for the planned operations...”
© Generali Italia S.p.A. Città
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
Some insurance consequences
Not easy Risk Assessment / Risk quotation
Higher Hull Rates
Higher Hull Deductibles / Liability Deductibles
Hull Deductibles applicable also to Total Loss
Higher liability premium
Difficult and expensive claims handling
© Generali Italia S.p.A. Città
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Milano, 29 Aprile 2014
QUESTIONS ?
THANK YOU !