SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Bellafiore, M.1,2, Battaglia, G.1,2, Caramazza, G.1,2, Sciacca, L.1, Calabretta, A.1, Bianco, A.1,2, Palma, A.1, 2.

1DISMOT dep. (University of Palermo, Italy), 2Regional Sport School of Sicily CONI (Olympic National Italian Committee, Italy).

Analysis of weight status and back pain in public employees

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Background

J Community Health. 2010 Dec;35(6):698-705.Prevalence of obesity and factors associated with it in a worksite setting in Malaysia.Cheong SM, Kandiah M, Chinna K, Chan YM, Saad HA.Department of Health, Pahang, Malaysia.

This study found a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among employees of a selected public university in comparison to the general population. Socio-demographic, psychosocial factors, and working hours were found to contribute to obesity in this sample of adults.

Br J Nutr. 2012 Sep;108(6):1134-42. Epub 2011 Dec 6.Dietary and physical activity behaviours related to obesity-specific quality of life and work productivity: baseline results from a worksite trial.Cash SW, Beresford SA, Henderson JA, McTiernan A, Xiao L, Wang CY, Patrick DL.Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

The results suggest that obesogenic dietary behaviours and higher BMI are associated with decreased QOL and productivity to different degrees in women and men.

Symptoms % of incidence in world population

Back pain 80%

Low back pain 55%

Job-related low back pain 37%

Epidemiology studies from UE (2005-2007)

Symptoms % of incidence in European population

Job-related back pain 25%

Epidemiology studies from OMS (2005)

Back pain musculoskeletal

disorder• housewifes• drivers• employees• masons - obesity - impaired postures - low physical fitness

Job related back pain

Med Pr. 2009;60(5):359-67.Upper extremities, neck and back symptoms in office employees working at computer stations].Zejda JE, Bugajska J, Kowalska M, Krzych L, Mieszkowska M, Brozek G, Braczkowska B

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Aim

To investigate weight status and back pain in office workers and the possible association between

variables such gender, educational qualification and lifestyle

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Methods- Data from office public employees was collected with a questionnaire

- The weight status was assessed with body mass index (BMI)

- The lifestyle was considered active when person performed physical activity since at least 3 months for 2 or 3 days/week.

- The intensity of back pain was evaluated with visual rating scale (VRS) ranging from ‘no pain’ to ‘very strong’ (Mannion, 2006) and referred to at least 3 months before this assessment.

- In order to analyze the significant differences and correlations (p<0.05) among ordinal variables, we used ANOVA test and Pearson correlation respectively.

- Categorical variables were analyzed with Chi-squared test with Yates correction or G² of Wilks. Significance for each cell was evaluated with Fisher’s Exact test when the observation number was low. P<0.05 was considered significant.

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Results

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Anagraphic and anthropometric features

N. 115 Age (years) Weight (Kg) Height (m) BMI

Media 49,32 70,30 1,68 24,93

Dev. Stand. 6,19 13,02 0,09 3,58

Età (anni) Peso (kg) Statura (cm) IMC0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Donne (n=70) Uomini (n=45)

*p<0.05 women vs. men

*

*

*

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Matrice di correlazione di Pearson

Variabili Sesso Età(anni) Peso (Kg) Statura(m) IMC Sesso 1 -0,028 0,611 0,741 0,218

Età (anni) 0,028 1 0,136 -0,164 0,330

Peso (Kg) 0,611 0,136 1 0,666 0,793

Statura (m) 0,741 -0,164 0,666 1 0,084

IMC 0,218 0,330 0,793 0,084 1

I valori in grassetto sono diversi da 0 al livello di significatività alfa=0,05

Valori di p

Variabili Sesso Età(anni) Peso (Kg) Statura(m) IMC

Sesso 0 0,772 < 0,0001 < 0,00010,021

Età (anni) 0,772 0 0,150 0,0820,000

Peso (Kg) < 0,0001 0,150 0 < 0,0001

< 0,0

001

Statura(m) < 0,0001 0,082 < 0,0001 00,374

IMC 0,021 0,000 < 0,0001 0,374 0

I valori in grassetto sono diversi da 0 al livello di significatività alfa=0,05

Coefficienti di determinazione (R²)

Variabili Sesso Età (anni) Peso (Kg)Statura(

m) IMCSesso 1 0,001 0,374 0,549 0,047

Età (anni) 0,001 1 0,019 0,027 0,109

Peso (Kg) 0,374 0,019 1 0,444 0,628

Statura (m) 0,549 0,027 0,444 1 0,007

IMC 0,047 0,109 0,628 0,007 1

Correlation among gender, age, weight,

height and BMI

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Correlations

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 7015

20

25

30

35

40

f(x) = 0.186336491174807 x + 15.6611285551339R² = 0.109075353563096

Age (years)

BMI

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11015

20

25

30

35

40

f(x) = 0.215096970607834 x + 9.77318503389561R² = 0.628243771060478

Weight (Kg)

BMI

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.940

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

f(x) = 91.8770912120717 x − 83.8652978014367R² = 0.44421435384739

Height (m)

Wei

ght (

Kg)

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

BMI

1.8%

50.0%39.3%

7.1% 1.8%

UnderweightNormal weightOverweightClass I ObeseClass II Obese

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

BMI and Gender

55% weight gain in men vs. 46% in women

Underweight Normal weight

Overweight Class I Obese Class II Obese0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

3%

54%

37%

6%3%

45% 45%

10%

WomenMen

P = 0,446

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

BMI and educational qualification

3%

55%

42%

Educational Qualification

D. Media Inf. D. Media Sup. Laurea

Normal weight

Overweight Obese0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

4% 3%

49%

58%

78%

47%

40%

22%

Middle School L.High School L.Univ. Degree

P = 0,994

Significatività per cella (Test esatto di

Fisher)Middle School L. High School L. Univ. Degree

Normal weight > < >

Overweight > < >

Obese < > <

I valori in rosso sono significativi a livello alfa=0,05

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

BMI and lifestyle

66.3%

33.7%

Lifestyle

SedentaryActive

Normal weight Overweight Obese0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60% 53%

33%

13%

58%

42%

SedentaryActive

P = 0,906

Sedentary Active

Normal weight < >

Overweight < >

Obese > <

I valori in rosso sono significativi a livello alfa=0,05

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Back pain

Cerv. Thor. Lumb.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

31%

76%

29%

20%

7%

26%22%

9%

2%

No painVery MildMildModerateStrongVery strong

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Pain and Gender

Women Men0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

23%

42%

32%

21%18%24%

28%

13%

No painMildModerateStrong

Women Men0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

27%31%31%

40%

25% 26%

16%

3%

No painMildModerateStrong

Cervical tract

Lumbar tract

P= 0,991

P= 0,986

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Pain and BMI

P= 0,182No pain Mild Moderate Strong

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

4%0%

12%5%

64%

46%41%

60%

32%

42%

29% 30%

0%

12%18%

5%

UnderweightNormal weightOverweightObese

No pain Mild Moderate Strong0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

8%

0%

10%

0%

54%61%

50%56%

35% 32% 30%33%

4%7% 10% 11%

UnderweightNormal weightOverweightObeseP= 0,742

Cervical tract

Lumbar tract

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Pain and Lifestyle

Sedentary Active0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35% 30%

35%

26%

21%19%

24%25%21% No pain

MildModerateStrong

Cervical tract

Sedentary Active0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

28%30%

33%37%

26%22%

14%11%

No painMildModerateStrong

Lumbar tract

P= 0,965

P= 0,865

SISMES 2012 - Palermo 5-7 Ottobre

Conclusions

A high percentage of our sample of office employees shows overweight and back pain.

BMI is significantly associated with gender, educational qualification (high school license and university degree) and sedentary lifestyle.

A higher percentage of overweight active employees than sedentary those might be due to incorrect nutritional habits.

The employees mainly show cervical and lumbar pain which is stronger in the women than men.

Pain intensity is not associated with weight status and lifestyle and this might be due to the maintaining of impaired postures when working.

Programs of nutritional and postural activity may be useful to improve health condition and reduce the risk of disease-related obesity and back pain.