ASPETTI SPECIFICI DELLA
PREPARAZIONE TECNICO-TATTICA
NELL TENNIS
Miguel Crespo, PhD.
ITF Development Research Officer
SEMINARIO INTERNAZIONALE SPORT DI RACHETTA
OUTLINE
III. PERIODISATION
MODELS
I. TERMS OF
REFERENCE
II. EVOLUTION
OF TENNIS TRAINING
SYSTEMS
IV. CONCLUSIONS
SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE TECHNICAL
AND TACTICAL TRAINING IN TENNIS
KNOWLEDGE AREAS
SPORT SCIENCE
APPLIED
RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY /
WEB BASED
STUDIES
PLAYERS
HIGH
PERFORMANCE
LONG – TERM
DEVELOPMENT
TENNIS
MATCH CHARTING
I. TERMS OF REFERENCEI. TERMS OF REFERENCE
KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS
KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS
KNOWING YOUR PLAYERSKNOWING YOUR PLAYERS
Saviano (2001)
TennisLMS Components
National
Coach
Regional
Coach
Personal
Coach
Fitness
Coach
Players
Knudson & Morrison (1997)
KNOWING THE GAME - TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
TACTICAL ANALYSISTACTICAL ANALYSIS
(Reid, 2010)
Maes (2011)
FROM THE ORIGINS TO
HARRY HOPMAN
• Up to 1960
• No scientific principles
applied
• Experiential based
• No periodisation
•No conditioning /
mental
• Rally / match based
• Emphasis on technical
– tactical contents
THE INFLUENCE OF
HARRY HOPMAN
• Condition based
• Drills with lots of balls
• Coach as a feeder
• Many players per court
• High intensity
• Importance of stroke
repetition
• Emphasis on technical
– physical contents
MODERN TRAINING
SYSTEMS
• Sport science based• Biomechanics
• Conditioning
• Psychology
• Physiology
• Game based
methodology
• Off court (gym)
• Importance of injury
prevention
•Emphasis on tactics
II. EVOLUTION OF THE TENNIS
TRAINING SYSTEMS
SOME TRAINING “SYSTEMS”
THE CZECH
SYSTEMTHE
SWEDISH
SYSTEMTHE
GERMAN
SYSTEMTHE
ARGENTINE
SYSTEMTHE
RUSSIAN
SYSTEM
THE US
SYSTEM
SOME TENNIS TRAINING “PHILOSOPHIES”
THE
SPANISH
SYSTEM
Strategies and methods used to
improve the performance of the
player Schonborn (1998)
LEARNING
Acquisition of
new skills
APPLICATION
Implementation or use
of skills in match play
situation
CORRECTION
Improvement of
learned skills or
wrongly applied ones
BASIC GOALS OF THE TENNIS TRAINING
STABILISATION
Use of skills in
training situation
Crespo et al. (2001)
• The coach or a player puts the
ball in play
• Basket
• Rally for consistency ���� targets
• Less decision making
• Less closer to match situation
DEAD BALL DRILLS
TENNIS TRAINING SYSTEMS
• Points ���� Attack / Defense
• Practice matches
• More decision making ����
conditions / rules
• Closer to the match situation
LIVE BALL DRILLS
TECHNICAL /TECHNICAL /
TACTICALTACTICAL
TRAININGTRAINING
RALLY WITH
THE COACH
HAND - BASKET
FEEDING
RALLY AMONG
PLAYERS
TECHNIQUE – TACTICS
Variability +
Uncertainty +
Decision Making +
TECHNIQUE
Variability –
Uncertainty –
Decision Making –
TACTICS
Variability ++
Uncertainty ++
Decision Making ++POINT – MATCH
PRACTICE
TENNIS TRAINING SYSTEMS
BASKET FEEDING
TECHNICAL ***
Stroke
repetitions
TACTICAL*
Game patterns:
Series of shots
with decision
making!!
CONDITION***
Movement
patterns
MENTAL*
Routines
BASKET
FEEDINGTECHNICAL Baseline Game
Approaching the net
Passing the net player
Serve & Return
Serve
(flat, spin, slice)
Return (offensive
Defensive)
FH/ BH
(flat, spin, slice,
inside out,
on the run)
FH/BH Approach
FH/BH volley
Smash
TRAINING
SYSTEM
MATCH
SITUATION
STROKE /
VariationGOAL
SUBGOALS
Direction
Depth
Height
Consistency
Power/Speed
Spin
TECHNIQUE
TACTICS
PLAYING THE GAME
• Technique Is the priority
• Tactics are taught when the player
was able to master the technique
• Matches are played when players
were able to rally consistently
OPEN
SITUATION
CLOSED
SITUATIONUSE
ONLY
OF
ANALYTIC
METHODS
FOR
ALL
PLAYERS
TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODOLOGY
• The priority is THE GAME (GBA)
• Tactics should be understood (WHAT)
• Technique should be mastered (HOW)
• Matches are the basis of training
• Technique is taught to better implement tactics
TECHNIQUE
TACTICS
PLAYING THE GAME
PLAYING THE GAME
OPEN
SITUATION
OPEN
SITUATION
(match)
CLOSED
SITUATION
(drills)
USE OF
ANALYTIC
METHODS
(basket, etc.)
GLOBAL
METHODS
(i.e. game
situations)
GLOBAL
METHODS
(i.e. Match
situations)
MODERN TEACHING METHODOLOGY
DRILL
SERIES
STROKE
SESSION
ACUMMULATION
TRANSFORMATION
PERFORMANCE
MACROCICLE
MICROCICLE
PART OF THE SESSION
III. FUNDAMENTALS OF PERIODISATION
SEASON
PREPARATION COMPETITION
Main
competitions
General
preparation
Specific
Preparation
Tr a
nsi
t io
n
Imp
. C
om
pe
t.
Volume Intensity Form
MACROCYCLE
CLASSIC PERIODISATION STRUCTURE
Períodos
Etapas
Meses
Mesociclos
Tipo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Microciclos 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 26 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 9
7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 4 12 18 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 8 13
Actividades
Test Físico x x x x
Test téc-tác x x x x x x
Pmédicas x x x x x
C.Preparatoria x x x x x
Olim.
Nac.x x x x x
Copa
Davisx x
Comp. Fundamental X X
V. Prep. F. Gral
Resistencia
Fuerza
Saltos Piométricos
Velocidad
Flexibilidad
Dep. Auxiliar
Volumen T. PTT
Profundidad y Cons.GF
GF y aprox.
volea y remate
saque y devol.
juego de doble
Dobles mixtos
Juegos de Singles
Volumen total
Intensidad
Volumen
5
4
Enero Febrero
Básico Desarrollador
1
1260'
360'
1620'
7070'
720'
720'
480'
510'
320'
720'
5670'
5
4
3
Junio Julio
5
Precompetitivo
1400' / 640 rep
240'
120'
640 rep
3060'
8520'
2,775'/ 1.080 rep
270'
360'
270'
2160'
6630'
600'
180'
1080 rep
270'
1080'
360'
7650'
1560'
360'
540'
1800'
9465'
1020'
1260'
720'
870'
1710'
180'
2250'
10290'
3-4
5
345'
Marzo Abril Mayo
3
Desarrollador Especial
2280' / 1040 rep
570'
Estabilizador
2,640'/ 1.080 rep
390'
630'
1040 rep
540'
1080'
8610'
1980'
720'
660'
570'
2160'
360'
2160'
10890'
4-5
5
540'
1,080 rep
270'
1 080'
540'
7590'
1980'
540'
720'
5
Mayo Junio
Especial Competitivo
4
1890' / 800 rep
330'
180'
800 rep
Plan de Entrenamiento Equipo Mayores Masculino 2006
Juegos
Centro
americanos
Julio
6
Preparatorio Competitivo
Competitivo
660'
Febrero Marzo
2
360'
60'
300'
1080'
120'
120'
1980'
720'
4
540'
720'
2640'
5
Agosto
7
Tránsito
Tránsito
General Especial Pre-Competitiva Competitiva
ACCUMULATIVE
CYCLE
TRANSFORMATION
CYCLE
REALISATION
CYCLE
MESOCYCLE
GENERAL
MESOCYCLE
ESPECIFIC
MICROCYCLE
WEEKMICROCYCLE
WEEK
MICROCYCLE
WEEK
MICROCYCLE
WEEK
A.T.R. A.T.R. A.T.R.
ATR PERIODISATION MODEL
PHYS WUP
TECH WUP
RALLY FIX
RALLY MOV
BASKET
SERV-RET
GAMES
MATCHES
ACCUMULA – GENERAL – ESPECIFIC – REALISAT.
%VOL INT VOL INT VOL INT VOL INT
15 -
8 -
32 1-2
6 1-2
20 1-2
9 -
10 -
0 -
13 -
8 -
20 3-4
20 3-4
20 3-4
9 -
10 -
0 -
10 -
8 -
8 4-5
20 4-5
10 5
9 -
7 -
28 -
15 -
8 -
10 5
20 5
5 5
9 -
12 -
21 -
VOLUME AND INTENSITIES ACCORDING
TO THE TRAINING CYCLE
Porta (2008)
(Sanzol, A. 2010)
Maes (2011)
GAME STYLE OF THE PLAYER
AS THE BASIS OF PERIODISATION
INTERACTION OF
ALL FACTORS
INTEGRITY OF THE GAME
FOCUS
INTENSITY
CREATIVITY
SPECIFICITY
NO PEAKS
CONSISTENT
LEVEL IN SEASON
TACTICAL PERIODISATION
APPLIED TO TENNIS
LOAD �
SAME ALL
SEASON
VOLUME = STRESS
ADAPTATION
COMPETITION
UNPREDICTABILITY
COMPLEX – INTEGRATED –
COMBINED
• Inter/Multi
disciplinary
• Work all contents
• Technically based
training is obsolete
• Variability
• Adaptation
• Control of training
load (internal &
external)
• Work : rest ratios
• Driven by competition
and results
INFLUENCE OF RESEARCH
• Crucial to be updated
• Review the new
trends from research
• Adapt them to daily
practice
• Tennis – specific
results
• Need for more
research � lots
unknown
• Technology more
affordable and user
friendly
IMPORTANCE OF
EXPERIENCE
• Players and top
coaches views
• Intuition is crucial
• Relevance of tactics
and game
understanding
• Creativity
• Vision of the future of
the game
IV. CONCLUSIONS