1
“EL NINO QUE NO ESTUDIA NO ES UN BUEN REVOLUCIONARI O”
Federica Migliaccio (1) – Luigi Mussio (2) (1) Politecnico di Milano – DICA – Piazza L. da Vinci, 32 – 20133 Milano
Tel. 02-2399-6507 – Fax 02-2399-6530 – e-mail [email protected] (2) Politecnico di Milano – DICA – Piazza L. da Vinci, 32 – 20133 Milano Tel. 02-2399-6501 – Fax 02-2399-6602 – e-mail [email protected]
Abstract – A list of 1600 1 names of persons or groups of persons is presented, to demonstrate the wide
spread of knowledge. Therefore mathematicians, physicists and other scientists are collected, in alphabetic
order, together with philosophers, men of letters, artists (and few other people), because culture is unique. In
fact splitting culture between natural and human sciences is an error, which produces isolated specialists.
LIST OF PEOPLE Aalto, Hugo Alvar Henrik
1898 Finland 2 1976 Finland Modernist architect, designer
Abbado, Claudio
1933 Italy 2014 Italy conductor
Abbott, Edwin Abbott
1838 UK 1926 UK Romantic prose writer, Reformed theologian
Abel, Niels Henrik
1802 Norway 1829 Norway mathematician, algebraist
Abelard, Peter (it. Abelardo, Pietro)
1079 France 1142 France medieval scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian
Abraham (it. Abramo)
legendary Hebrew patriarch (his son Isaac / it. Isacco, his grandchild Jacob / Israel / it. Giacobbe / Israele)
Achilles (it. Achille)
legendary Greek hero, son of the mortal Peleus (it. Peleo) and Thetis (it. Teti) Adams, John Couch
1870 UK 1892 UK mathematician, astronomer
Adelard of Bath (it. Adelardo di Bath)
1080 UK 1152 UK translator, philosopher, mathematician
Adenauer, Konrad Hermann Joseph
1876 Germany 1967 Germany statesman, politician
1 The original number of names was 1559, which is both a prime number and the date of the Catholic promulgation of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. However this work is against such idea. Therefore, since more pages were available, the list was improved reaching the number of 1600, which also marks the first centurial leap year in the Gregorian calendar reform and the date when the Catholic Inquisition burned the heretic friar Giordano Bruno, because when books are prohibited and burnt, also people may be burnt, in the next future. 2 The names are quoted according to the English current use; also the Italian current use is quoted, when it’s different (only few very famous persons are quoted with their first name, like Dante, Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raffaello). Moreover, places of birth and death are defined according to present-day Nations, due to difficulties in following all the historical changes of boundaries, even if this choice gives rise to some surprising results (e.g. Kant appears to be born, have lived and died in Russia, since Königsberg, firstly belonging to Prussia and then Germany, became Kaliningrad in Russia, after the Second World War).
2
Adler, Max 1873 Austria 1937 Austria Marxian philosopher, jurist
Adorno, Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund
1903 Germany 1969 Germany sociologist, social philosopher
Aeneas (it. Enea)
legendary Trojan hero, son of the mortal Anchises (it. Anchise) and Aphrodite (it. Venere)
Aeschilus (it. Eschilo)
525 BC Greece 456 BC Italy dramatist
Aesop (it. Esopo)
circa 620 BC Turkey circa 564 BC Greece fabulist
Afanas'ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevi č
1826 Russia 1871 Russia fabulist
Agamemnon (it. Agamennone)
legendary Greek hero, son of the mortal Atreus (it. Atreo) and a descendent of Cretan heroes
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana
1718 Italy 1799 Italy mathematician, algebraist, philosopher
Airy, George Biddle
1801 UK 1892 UK mathematician, astronomer
Alaric (it. Alarico I, Flavio dei Balti)
circa 370 unknown 410 Italy King of Visigoths
Albert the Great (it. Alberto Magno di Bollstädt / Doctor Universalis)
1193/1206 Germany 1280 Germany scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian, Dominican friar
Alberti, Leon Battista
1404 Italy 1472 Italy pre-Renaissance’s architect, mathematician, geometrician
Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni (Zuane)
1671 Italy 1751 Italy Baroque composer, musician
Alcmaeon of Croton (it. Alcmeone di Crotone)
V BC Greece V BC Greece physician, natural philosopher
Alexander VI / Roderic Llançol I de Borja (it. Ales sandro VI / Borgia, Roderigo)
1431 Spain 1503 Italy Catholic pope
Alexander the Great (it. Alessandro Magno)
356 BC Greece 323 BC Greece Hellenistic emperor, strategist, conqueror (his father Philip II of Macedon / it. Filippo II di Macedonia 382-336 BC, King of Macedonia and Greece)
3
Alfieri, Vittorio Amedeo 1749 Italy 1803 Italy pre-romantic prose writer, dramatist, poet
Alhazen / Ab ū ‘Al ī al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham
965 Iraq 1040 Egypt Arabic physician, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer
Al ī ibn Al ī ālib
599 Saudi Arabia 661 Iraq first Imām (his family Hasan (al) ibn Alī ibn Abī ālib 624/625-669/670 Saudi Arabia, second Imām, Usayn (al) ibn Alī ibn Abī ālib 626 Saudi Arabia-680 Iraq, third Imām, ‘Alī ibn al-husayn / Zayn al-‘Ābidīn 658-712/713 Saudi Arabia, fourth Imām)
Al-Khayy āmī, ‘Umar / Ghiy āth ad-D īn Abu'l-Fath ‘Umar ibn Ibr āhīm al-Khayy ām
1048 Iran 1131 Iran Persian philosopher, poet, mathematician, astronomer
Allende Gossens, Salvador Guillermo
1908 Chile 1973 Chile statesman, politician, physician
Al-Quhi / Ab ū Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam al-Q ūhī
940 Iran 1037 Iran Persian mathematician, astronomer, physicist
Althusius Johannes
1563 Germany 1638 Germany jurist, political philosopher, Reformed theologian
Althusser, Louis
1918 Algeria 1990 France Marxian and structural philosopher
Amaldi, Edoardo
1908 Italy 1989 Italy nuclear physicist
Ambrose, Aurelius (it. Ambrogio, Aurelio)
339/340 Germany 397 Italy layer, politician, Catholic bishop
Amendola, Giovanni
1882 Italy 1926 France politician, journalist, social philosopher
Amici, Giovanni Battista
1786 Italy 1863 Italy optical physicist, astronomer
Amos
786 BC Israel 746 BC Israel Hebrew prophet
Ampere, André-Marie
1775 France 1836 France electric physicist
Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt Gravning
1872 Norway 1928 Norway explorer
Anaxagoras (it. Anassagora)
500 BC Turkey 428 BC Turkey
4
pre-Socratic philosopher Anaximander (it. Anassimandro)
611 BC Turkey 546 BC Turkey pre-Socratic philosopher
Anaximenes of Miletus (it. Anassimene di Mileto)
585 BC Turkey 525 BC Turkey pre-Socratic philosopher
Anders, Günther / Stern, Günther
1902 Poland 1992 Austria Jewish philosopher, journalist
Andrea del Castagno / di Bartolo di Bargilla, Andre a
1423 Italy 1457 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Anselm of Canterbury (it. Anselmo d'Aosta)
1033 Italy 1109 UK medieval philosopher, Catholic theologian, Bishop
Antonello da Messina / di Giovanni de Antonio, Anto nio
1430 Italy 1479 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Antonio da Padova / de Bulhões, Fernando Martins
1195 Portugal 1231 Italy Franciscan friar, preacher
Antonius, Marcus (it. Antonio, Marco)
83 BC Italy 30 BC Egypt politician
Apelles of Kos (it. Apelle)
375/370 BC Turkey IV BC Greece classical painter
Apollinaire, Guillaume / Apollinaris de W ąŜ-Kostrowicki, Wilhelm Albert Włodzimierz
1880 Italy 1918 France modern prose writer, poet, dramatist, art critic
Apollonius of Perga (it. Apollonio di Perga)
262 BC Turkey 190 BC Turkey mathematician, geometrician, astronomer
Apuleius, Lucius (it. Apuleio, Lucio)
125 Algeria 180 Algeria prose writer, platonic philosopher
Aquino (d’), Tommaso (Doctor Angelicus)
1225 Italy 1274 Italy scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian, Dominican friar
Arafat, Yasser / Arafat al-Qudwa, Mohammed Yasser A bdel Rahman Abdel Raouf
1929 Egypt 2004 France statesman, soldier
Archimedes of Syracuse (it Archimede di Siracusa)
287 Italy 212 Italy mathematician, physicist, inventor
Arcimboldo, Giuseppe
1526 Italy 1593 Italy Renaissance painter
5
Ardinghelli, Maria Angela 1756 Italy 1825 Italy Enlightenment physicist, translator
Ariosto, Ludovico
1474 Italy 1533 Italy Renaissance’s poet, dramatist
Aristarcus of Samos (it. Aristarco di Samo)
310 Greece 230 Greece astronomer, mathematician
Aristophanes (it. Aristofane)
450 BC Greece 386 BC Greece dramatist
Aristotle (it. Aristotele)
384 BC Greece 322 BC Greece classical philosopher
Arius (it. Ario)
250/236 Libyan 336 Turkey heretic theologian, priest
Armati di Firenze, Salvino
XIII Italy 1317 Italy inventor, optical physicist
Armstrong, Neil Alden
1930 USA 2012 USA cosmonaut, pilot, engineer, soldier
Aron, Raymond Claude
1905 France 1983 France social philosopher, historian, sociologist, journalist
Arrest (d’), Heinrich Louis
1822 Germany 1875 Germany astronomer
Artemidorus Ephesius (it. Artemidoro di Efeso)
II BC Turkey I BC Turkey geographer
Arthur (it. Artù)
mythic Britain king Asclepius (it. Asceplio / Esculapio)
legendary Greek hero, son of Apollo and the mortal Coronis (it. Coronide), physician, scholar of the legendary centaur Chiron (it. Chirone)
Asimov, Isaac / Ozimov, Isaak Judovi č
1920 Russia 1992 USA modern prose writer, biochemist
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal
1881 Greece 1938 Turkey statesman, politician, soldier
Attila the Hun (it. Attila)
406 Russia 453 Hungary King of Huns
Auber, Daniel François Esprit
1782 Italy 1871 Italy
6
classical composer Augustine of Hippo (it. Agostino d’Ippona / Doctor Gratiae)
354 Algeria 430 Algeria platonic philosopher, Catholic theologian (his mother Monica of Hippo /it. Monica d’Ippona 322 Algeria-387 Italy, Catholic promoter)
Augustus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (it. Augus to, Gaio Giulio Cesare Ottaviano)
63 BC Italy 14 Italy first Roman emperor (his uncle’s nephew Tiberius, Iulius Caesar Augustus / Tiberius, Claudius Nero / it. Tiberio, Giulio Cesare Augusto / Tiberio, Claudio Nerone 42 BC- 37 Italy, second Roman Emperor)
Aulenti, Gae
1927 Itay 2012 Italy modern architect, designer
Averroes / Ab ū al-Wal īd Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ibn Rušd (it. Averroè)
1126 Spain 1198 Spain Aristotelian and Islamic philosopher
Avicenna / Ab ū ‘Al ī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd All āh ibn S īnā
980 Iran 1037 Iran Aristotelian and Islamic philosopher, astronomer, alchemy scientist
Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo
1776 Italy 1856 Italy chemist, physicist
Babbage, Charles
1791 UK 1871 UK mathematician, mechanical engineer, computer scientist
Bacchelli, Riccardo
1891 Italy 1985 Italy modern prose writer, dramatist
Bach, Johann Sebastian
1685 Germany 1750 Germany Baroque composer, musician (his sons Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann 1710-1784 Germany, Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel 1714-1788 Germany, Bach, Johann Christian 1735 Germny-1782 UK, classical and pre-Romantic composers, musicians)
Bachelard, Gaston
1884 France 1962 France philosopher of science
Bacon, Francis (it. Bacone, Francesco)
1561 UK 1626 UK philosopher of science, essayist, jurist, politician
Bacon, Roger (it. Bacone, Ruggero)
1214 UK 1294 UK scholastic philosopher, Franciscan friar
Bagnoregio (da), Bonaventura
1221 Italy 1274 France Catholic theologian, cardinal
Bahro, Rudolf
1935 Germany 1997 Germany political philosopher
Baird, John Logie
7
1888 UK 1946 UK electric engineer
Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich
1814 Russia 1876 Switzerland anarchism philosopher, politician
Balakirev, Milij Alekseevi č
1837 Russia 1910 Russia Romantic composer
Balanchine, George / Balan čivadze, Georgij Melitonovi č
1904 Russia 1983 USA art director
Balla, Giacomo
1871 Italy 1958 Italy futurist painter, sculptor
Balzac (de), Honoré
1799 France 1850 France Romantic prose writer
Balthus / Kłossowski de Rola, Balthasar
1908 France 2001 Switzerland modern artist
Banfi, Gian Luigi
1910 Italy 1945 Austria modern architect, urban planner
Barbaro, Daniele
1514 Italy 1570 Italy humanist, essayist, Catholic bishop
Barnard, Christiaan Neethling
1922 South Afriza 2001 Cyprus physician, surgeon
Barsanti, Eugenio (Nicolò)
1821 Italy 1864 Italy mechanical engineer, Catholic priest
Barth, Karl
1886 Switzerland 1968 Switzerland Reformed theologian
Bartlett, Maurice Stevenson
1910 UK 2002 UK statistician
Bartók, Béla Viktor János
1881 Romania 1945 USA late-Romantic composer, pianist
Basaglia, Franco
1924 Italy 1980 Italy Democratic psychologist, neurologist, physician (his wife Ongaro Basaglia, Franca 1928-2005 Italy, Democratic psychologist)
Baudelaire, Charles Pierre
1821 France 1867 France symbolist poet, literary critic, essayist, journalist
Bauer, Otto
8
1881 Austria 1938 France Marxian philosopher, politician
Bauman, Zygmunt
1925 Poland 2017 Poland sociologist, social philosopher
Bayes, Thomas
1701 UK 1761 UK statistician, Presbyterian priest
Bazille, Jean Frédéric
1841 France 1870 France Impressionist painter
Beato Angelico / da Fiesole, Giovanni / di Pietro, Guido
1395 Italy 1455 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Bebel, Ferdinand August
1840 Germany 1913 Switzerland politician
Beccaria Bonesana, Cesare
1738 Italy 1794 Italy Enlightenment philosopher, jurist, criminologist
Beccaria, Giovanni Battista
1716 Italy 1781 Italy physicist, mathematician, Scolopi’s friar
Beck, Ulrich
1944 Germany 2015 Germany sociologist, essayist
Beckett, Samuel Barclay
1906 Ireland 1989 France modern prose writer, poet, dramatist
Beda Venerabilis (it. Beda il Venerabile)
672 UK 735 UK historian, Benedictine monk
Bedeschi, Lorenzo
1915 Italy 2006 Italy historian, partisan, Catholic priest
Beethoven (van), Ludwig
1770 Germany 1827 Austria classical and pre-Romantic composer, pianist
Béjart Maurice / Berger, Maurice-Jean
1927 France 2007 Switzerland art director
Belgiojoso (Barbiano di), Lodovico
1909 Italy 2004 Italy modern architect, designer
Bell, Alexander Graham
1847 UK 1922 Canada electric engineer, inventor
Bellarmine, Robert (it. Bellarmino, Roberto Frances co Romolo)
1542 Italy 1621 Italy
9
Catholic cardinal, enquirer Belli, Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Maria Gioachino R aimondo
1791 Italy 1863 Italy popular poet
Bellini, Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco
1801 Italy 1835 France Romantic composer
Bellotto, Bernardo
1721 Italy 1780 Poland Enlightenment painter, urban landscape designer, engraver
Bellow, Saul
1915 Canada 2005 USA modern prose writer
Beltrami, Eugenio
1835 Italy 1900 Italy mathematician, geometrician
Beltrami, Luca
1854 Italy 1933 Italy architect, art critic, politician
Bembo, Pietro
1470 Italy 1547 Italy Catholic cardinal, prose writer, humanist
Ben Bella, Ahmed
1916 Algeria 2012 Algeria statesman, politician, soldier
Benda, Julien
1867 France 1956 France realist and social philosopher
Benedict XIV / Lambertini, Prospero Lorenzo (it. Be nedetto XIV)
1675 Italy 1758 Italy Catholic pope, Enlightenment promoter
Benedict XV / Della Chiesa Giacomo Paolo Giovanni B attista (it. Benedetto XV)
1854 Italy 1922 Italy Catholic pope, pacifist
Benedict of Nursia (it. Benedetto da Norcia)
circa 480 Italy 547 Italy Benedictine monk (his sister Scholatica of Nursia / it. Scolastica da Norcia circa 480- 542 Italy, Benedictine sister)
Ben-Gurion, David / Grün, David
1886 Poland 1973 Israel statesman, politician, soldier
Benjamin, Walter Bendix Schoenflies
1892 Germany 1940 Spain literary critic, essayist, social philosopher
Bentham, Jeremy
1748 UK 1832 UK social philosopher, jurist
Berchet, Giovanni
1783 Italy 1851 Italy
10
Romantic poet, prose writer, patriot Berg, Alban Marie Johannes
1885 Austria 1935 Austria dodecaphonic composer
Bergman, Ernst Ingmar
1918 Sweden 2007 Sweden director, art director, dramatist, modern prose writer
Bergognone / da Fossano, Ambrogio
1453 Italy 1523 Italy Renaissance painter
Bergson, Henri Louis
1859 France 1941 France moral and social philosopher
Berio, Luciano
1925 Italy 2003 Italy dodecaphonic composer
Berkeley, George
1685 Ireland 1753 UK empiricist philosopher
Berlin, Isaiah
1909 Latvia 1997 UK sociologist, social philosopher
Berlioz, Hector
1803 France 1869 France Romantic composer
Bernanos, Georges
1888 France 1948 France modern prose writer
Bernardus Carnotensis / Chartres (di), Bernardo
1085 France 1130 France medieval philosopher, poet
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo
1598 Italy 1680 Italy Baroque architect, painter, sculptor, dramatist
Bernoulli, Jakob
1654 Switzerland 1705 Switzerland mathematician, algebraist, statistician (his brother Bernoulli, Johann 1667-1748 Switzerland, his uncle's nephew Bernoulli, Daniel 1700-1782 Switzerland, mathematician, statistician, thermodynamic physicist)
Bernstein, Basil
1924 UK 2000 UK sociologist of education
Bernstein, Eduard
1850 Germany 1932 Germany Marxian philosopher, politician
Bernstein, Leonard (Louis)
1918 USA 1990 USA conductor, modern composer, pianist
Bessarione, Basilio
11
1403 Turkey 1472 Italy Catholic cardinal, humanist
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm
1784 Germany 1846 Russia astronomer, geodesist, mathematician
Beveridge, William Henry
1879 Bangladesh 1963 UK economist, social reformer
Biagi, Enzo Marco
1920 Italy 2007 Italy journalist, essayist
Bianchi, Emilio
1875 Italy 1942 Italy astronomer, geodesist
Bianchi, Giuseppe
1791 Italy 1866 Italy astronomer, metrologist
Biot, Jean Baptiste
1774 France 1862 France electric physicist, astronomer
Bismarck of Lauenburg, Otto Eduard Leopold
1815 Germany 1898 Germany statesman, politician
Bjerhammar, Arne
1917 Sweden 2011 Sweden geodesist, mathematician
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon
1571 Netherlands 1638 Netherlands sailor, cartographer
Bloch, Ernst
1885 Germany 1977 Germany Marxian philosopher
Blondel, Maurice
1861 France 1949 France moral and social philosopher
Bloomfield, Leonard
1887 USA 1949 USA structural linguist
Blum, Léon André
1872 France 1950 France statesman, politician
Boaga, Giovanni
1902 Italy 1961 Italy geodesist, mathematician
Bobbio, Norberto
1909 Italy 2004 Italy political philosopher, jurist, essayist,, historian
Boccaccio, Giovanni
1313 Italy 1375 Italy
12
pre-Renaissance prose writer, literary critic Boccioni, Umberto
1882 Italy 1916 Italy futurist painter, sculptor
Bodin, Jean
1530 France 1596 France jurist, political philosopher
Boëthius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (it. Boezio, An icio Manlio Severino)
475 Italy 525 Italy late Roman philosopher
Böhm, Karl
1894 Austria 1981 Austria conductor, modern composer
Bohr, Niels Henrik David
1885 Denmark 1962 Denmark quantum theory physicist
Boiardo, Matteo Maria
1441 Italy 1494 Italy Renaissance’s poet
Boito, Arrigo
1842 Italy 1918 Italy anti-Romantic composer, realist prose writer
Bolívar y Palacios, Simón José Antonio de la Santís ima Trinidad
1783 Venezuela 1830 Columbia statesman, politician
Böll, Heinrich
1917 Germany 1985 Germany modern prose writer, pacifist
Boltraffio, Giovanni Antonio
1466 Italy 1516 Italy Renaissance painter
Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward
1844 Austria 1906 Austria mechanical and thermodynamic physicist, mathematician
Bolyai, János
1802 Romania 1860 Romania mathematician, geometrician
Bolzano, Placidus Johann Nepomuk
1781 Czech Republic 1848 Czech Republic mathematician, logician, Reformed theologian
Bombelli, Raffaele
1526 Italy 1572 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Bomford, Guy
1899 UK 1996 UK geodesist, surveyor
Bonaiuto, Andrea
1343 Italy 1377 Italy medieval painter
13
Bonhöffer, Dietrich 1906 Poland 1945 Germany Lutheran theologian, opponent of Nazism
Boniface VIII (it. Bonifacio VIII) / Caetani, Bened etto
1230 Italy 1303 Italy Catholic pope
Boole, George
1815 UK 1864 Ireland mathematician, logician
Borda (de), Jean
1733 France 1799 France mathematician, physicist, soldier
Borges, Jorge Isidoro Luis
1899 Argentina 1986 Switzerland modern prose writer, essayist, poet
Borgese, Giuseppe Antonio
1882 Italy 1952 Italy literary critic, journalist, anti-fascist
Borgia, Cesare il Valentino
1475 Italy 1507 France soldier, politician, Catholic cardinal
Born, Max
1882 Poland 1970 Germany quantum theory physicist, mathematician, pacifist
Borodin, Aleksandr Porfir'evi č
1833 Russia 1887 Russia Romantic composer
Borromeo, Carlo
1538 Italy 1584 Italy Catholic cardinal, enquirer (his uncle's nephew Borromeo, Federico 1564-1631 Italy, Catholic cardinal, culture and art promoter)
Borromini, Francesco / Castelli Brumino, Francesco
1599 Switzerland 1667 Italy Baroque architect
Borsellino, Paolo
1940 Italy 1992 Italy magistrate
Bosch, Hieronymus / van Aken, Jeroen Anthoniszoon
1450 Netherlands 1516 Netherlands Renaissance painter
Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe
1711 Croatia 1787 Italy astronomer, geodesist, physicist, mathematician, statistician, Jesuit priest
Bottesini, Giovanni Paulo
1821 Italy 1889 Italy conductor, Romantic composer
Botticelli, Sandro / di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, Alessandro
1445 Italy 1510 Italy Renaissance painter
14
Bouger, Pierre 1698 France 1758 France geophysicist, geodesist, mathematician
Boulez, Pierre
1925 France 2016 Germany conductor, modern composer, essayist
Bourbaki, Nicolas
XX France XX France fictitious of mathematician, representing a group of mathematicians 3
Bourbon d’Orléans, Louis Philippe I
1773 France 1850 UK King of the French
Boutroux, Étienne-Émile
1845 France 1921 France moral and social philosopher
Bovara, Giuseppe
1781 Italy 1873 Italy neoclassical architect
Bovio, Giuseppe
1721 Italy XVIII Italy astronomer, Jesuit priest
Boyle, Robert
1627 Ireland 1691 UK chemist, physicist, natural philosopher
Bradley, James
1693 UK 1762 UK astronomer
Brahe, Tycho
1546 Sweden 1601 Czech Republic astronomer, astrologist
Brahms, Johannes
1833 Germany 1897 Germany post-Romantic composer, pianist
Bramante / di Angelo di Pascuccio, Donato
1444 Italy 1514 Italy Renaissance architect, painter
Bramantino / Bartolomeo Suardi
1456 Italy 1530 Italy Renaissance painter, architect
Brandt, Willy / Frahm, Herbert Ernst Karl
1913 Germany 1992 Germany statesman, politician, pacifist
Braque, Georges
1882 France 1963 France fauvist and cubist painter, sculptor, designer
3 Founders: Henri Paul Cartan (1904-2008 France), Claude Chevalley (1909 South Africa-1984 France), Jean Coulomb (1904 Algeria-1999 France), Jean Delsarte (1903-1968 France), Jean Dieudonné (1906-1992 France), Charles Ehresmann (1905-1979 France), Lucien Alexandre Charles René de Possel (1905-1974 France), Szolem Mandelbrot (1899 Poland-1983 France), André Weil (1906 France-1998 USA).
15
Bravais, Auguste 1811 France 1863 France physicist, geologist, naturalist
Brecht, Eugen Berthold Friedrich
1898 Germany 1956 Germany modern dramatist, poet, theatre director
Brentano, Clemens Maria / Brentano de La Roche, Cle mens Wenzeslaus
1778 Germany 1842 Germany Romantic poet, prose writer (his sister Brentano von Arnim, Bettina / Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena 1785-1859 Germany, prose writer)
Brentano, Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann
1838 Germany 1917 Switzerland social philosopher, psychologist
Bridgman, Percy Williams
1882 USA 1961 USA physicist, metrologist, pacifist
Britten, Edward Benjamin
1913 UK 1976 UK modern and Jazz composer, pianist
Bronzino / di Cosimo di Mariano, Agnolo
1503 Italy 1572 Italy mannerist painter
Bruckner, Joseph Anton
1824 Austria 1896 Austria Romantic composer, organist
Bruegel the Elder (it. il vecchio), Pieter
1525/1530 Netherlands 1569 Belgium Ranaissance painter (his sons Bruegel the Younger / it. il giovane, Pieter 1564-1638 Belgium, late-Ranaissance painter, Bruegel the Elder / it. il vecchio, Jan 1568-1625 Belgium, Mannerist painter, his grandchild Bruegel the Younger / it. il giovane, Jan 1601-1678 Belgium, Mannerist painter)
Brunelleschi / di ser Brunellesco Lapi, Filippo
1377 Italy 1446 Italy pre-Renaissance architect, engineer, goldsmith
Bruno, Giordano Filippo
1548 Italy 1600 Italy Renaissance philosopher, essayist, Dominican friar
Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich
1888 Russia 1938 Russia Marxian philosopher, politician, statesman
Buddha, Siddh ārtha Gautama
563 BC Nepal 483 BC India Indian sage, founder of Buddhism
Buñuel Portolés, Luis
1900 Spain 1983 Mexico director, art director
Buonaiuti, Ernesto
1881 Italy 1946 Italy historian, philosopher of religion, anti-fascist , heretic priest
Buridan, Jean (it. Buridano, Giovanni)
16
1300 France 1358 France scholastic philosopher, logician, Catholic priest
Burri, Alberto
1915 Italy 1995 France modern painter, physician
Buxtehude, Dietrich
1637 Germany 1707 Germany Baroque composer, organist
Byron, George Gordon Noel
1788 UK 1824 Greece Romantic poet, politician
Caballero, Francisco Largo
1869 Spain 1946 France statesman, politician
Cabet, Etienne
1788 France 1856 France politician, essayist
Caboto, Giovanni
1450 Italy 1498 UK sailor, explorer
Cabral (Lopes da Costa Cabral), Amílcar
1924 Guinea Bissau 1973 Guinea statesman, politician
Caesar, Gaius Julius (it. Cesare, Caio Giulio)
100 BC Italy 44 BC Italy statesman, politician, soldier
Čajkovski (Ciajkovskij), Pëtr Il'i č
1840 Russia 1893 Russia late Romantic composer
Caldara, Antonio
1670 Italy 1736 Austria Baroque composer, musician
Calderón de la Barca, Pedro
1600 Spain 1681 Spain Baroque dramatist, prose writer, poet
Calvino, Italo
1923 Cuba 1985 Italy modern prose writer, essayist, journalist, partisan
Campanella, Tommaso Giovan Domenico / Squilla, Sett imontano
1568 Italy 1639 France Renaissance philosopher, heretic theologian, poet, Dominican friar
Campano di Novara, Giovanni
1220 Italy 1296 Italy medieval mathematician, astronomer, astrologist
Campi, Bernardino
1522 Italy 1591 Italy mannerist painter
Campi, Antonio
1522 Italy 1587 Italy
17
mannerist painter, architect (his father Campi, Galeazzo 1475-1536 Italy, Renaissance painter, his brothers Campi, Giulio 1502-1572 Italy, Campi, Vincenzo 1536-1591 Italy, mannerist painters, architects)
Campigli, Massimo / Ihlenfeldt, Max
1895 Germany 1971 France modern painter
Camus, Albert
1913 Algeria 1960 France modern prose writer, dramatist, philosopher, journalist
Canaletto / Giovanni Antonio Canal
1697 Italy 1768 Italy Enlightenment painter, urban landscape designer, engraver
Canetti, Elias
1905 Bulgaria 1994 Switzerland modern prose writer, essayist
Canova, Antonio
1757 Italy 1822 Italy neoclassical sculptor, painter
Cantor, Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp
1845 Russia 1918 Germany mathematician, algebraist
Capa, Robert / Friedmann, Endre Ern ı
1913 Hungary 1954 Vietnam photographer, journalist
Capek, Karel
1890 Czech Republic 1938 Czech Republic modern prose writer, dramatist, journalist
Capitini, Aldo
1899 Italy 1968 Italy social philosopher, poet, politician, anti-fascist
Capote, Truman / Streckfus Persons, Truman
1924 USA 1984 USA modern prose writer, dramatist, director
Caracalla, Lucius Septimius Bassianus / Marcus Aure lius Severus Antoninus Augustus (it. Caracalla, Lucio Settimio Bassiano / Marco Aur elio Antonino)
188 France 217 France Roman Emperor (his father Septimius Severus / it. Settimio Severo, Lucio 145 Lybia-211 UK, Roman emperor)
Caravaggio (da), Michelangelo Merisi
1571 Italy 1610 Italy Baroque painter
Cardano, Gerolamo
1501 Italy 1576 Rome physician, philosopher, mathematician, algebraist, astrologist
Cardarelli, Vincenzo / Caldarelli, Nazareno
1887 Italy 1959 Italy hermetic poet, prose writer, journalist
Carducci, Giosuè Alessandro Giuseppe
1835 Italy 1907 Italy neoclassical poet, prose writer
18
Carlini, Francesco 1783 Italy 1862 Italy astronomer, geodesist, mathematician
Carlo Alberto Emanuele Vittorio Maria Clemente Save rio di Savoia-Carignano
1798 Italy 1849 Portugal King of Sardinia
Carnap, Rudolf
1891 Germany 1970 USA neo-positivistic logician, philosopher of science
Carneades of Cyrene (it. Carneade di Cirene)
214/213 BC Libya 129/128 BC Greece skeptic philosopher
Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite
1753 France 1823 Germany mathematician, physicist, politician (his son Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi 1796 France-1832 Germany, thermodynamic physicist, engineer)
Carpaccio, Vittore
1465 Italy 1526/1526 Italy Renaissance painter
Carracci, Ludovico
1555 Italy 1619 Italy Baroque painter (his cousins Carracci, Agostino 1567-1602 Italy, Baroque painter, engraver, Carracci, Annibale 1560-1609 Italy, Baroque painter)
Carrara, Mario
1866 Italy 1937 Italy physician, anti-fascist
Carroll, Lewis / Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge
1832 UK 1898 UK Romantic prose writer, mathematician, logician
Cartier-Bresson, Henri
1908 France 2004 France photographer, journalist
Cassini, Giovanni Domenico
1625 Italy 1712 France astronomer, mathematician, engineer, physician, biologist (his son Cassini Jacques 1677-1756 France, astronomer, mathematician, engineer)
Cassinis, Gino
1885 Italy 1964 Italy geodesist, photogrammetrist, mathematician, politician
Cassiodorus, Flavius Magnus Aurelius (it. Cassiodor o, Flavio Magno Aurelio)
485 Italy 580 Italy politician
Cassirer, Ernst
1874 Poland 1945 USA neo-Kantian philosopher, opponent of Nazism
Cassola, Carlo
1917 Italy 1987 Italy modern prose writer, essayist
Castelnuovo, Guido
1865 Italy 1952 Italy
19
mathematician, geometrician, statistician Castiglioni, Baldassarre
1478 Italy 1529 Spain humanist, essayist, diplomat
Castor (it. Castore)
legendary Greek hero, son of Zeus (it. Giove) and the mortal Leda (twin of Pollux / it. Polluce)
Castro Ruz, Fidel Alejandro
1926 Cuba 2016 Cuba statesman, politician, soldier
Catherine II Alexeyevna / Catherine the Great 4 (it. Caterina II la Grande)
1729 Poland 1796 Russia Tsarina of All Russia
Catherine of Alexandria / Catherine of the Wheel (i t. Caterina di Alessandria)
circa 287 Egypt circa 305 Egypt princess, Catholic promoter
Catherine of Siena (it. Caterina da Siena) / Beninc asa, Caterina di Giacomo
1347 Italy 1380 Italy Dominican sister
Catiline, Lucius Sergius (it. Catilina, Lucio Sergi o)
108 BC Italy 62 BC Italy politician, soldier
Cato the Elder / the Censor, Marcus Porcius (it. Ca tone il Censore, Marco Porcio)
circa 234 BC Italy 139 BC Italy politician, soldier, prose writer
Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius (it. Catone, Marco P orcio Catone Uticense)
95 BC Italy 45 BC Italy soldier, politician, magistrate
Cattaneo, Carlo
1801 Italy 1869 Switzerland natural and social philosopher, essayist, patriot
Catullus, Gaius Valerius (it. Catullo, Gaio Valerio )
84 BC Italy 54 BC Italy poet
Cauchy, Augustin Louis
1789 France 1857 France mathematician, engineer
Cauvin, Jehan (it. Giovanni Calvino)
1509 France 1564 Switzerland Reformed theologian, humanist
Cavalcanti, Guido
1258 Italy 1300 Italy medieval poet, politician
Cavalieri, Bonaventura Francesco
1598 Italy 1647 Italy mathematician
Cavendish, Henry
4 Von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, Sophie Friederike Auguste
20
1731 France 1810 UK physicist, chemist
Cavour (Isolabella Leri), Camillo Paolo Filippo Giu lio Benso
1810 Italy 1861 Italy statesman, politician
Cayley, Arthur
1821 UK 1825 UK mathematician, algebraist
Čechov, Anton Pavlovi č
1860 Russia 1904 Germany pan-Slavic prose writer, dramatist, physician
Celestine V / Peter of Morrone (it. Celestino V / P ietro da Morrone Angelerio)
1215 Italy 1296 Italy Catholic pope
Cellini, Benvenuto
1500 Italy 1571 Italy mannerist goldsmith, engraver, sculptor, prose writer
Celoria, Giovanni
1842 Italy 1920 Italy astronomer, statistician, politician
Celsius, Anders
1701 Sweden 1744 Sweden astronomer, thermodynamic physicist
Cerano (il) / Crespi, Giovan Battista
1573 Italy 1632 Italy Baroque painter, sculptor, architect
Cervantes Saavedra (de), Miguel
1547 Spain 1616 Spain late-Renaissance novelist, dramatist, poet, soldier
Cesare da Sesto
1477 Italy 1520 Italy Renaissance painter
Cezanne, Paul
1839 France 1906 France Impressionist and constructivist painter
Chabrol, Claude Henri Jean
1930 France 2010 France director, art director
Champollion, Jean François
1790 France 1832 France archaeologist
Chaplin, Charles Spencer (Charlie)
1889 UK 1977 Switzerland director, art director, modern composer
Charlemagne / Charles the Great (it. Carlo Magno)
742/748 unknown 814 Germany Holy Roman Emperor (his grandchild Lothar I / it. Lotario 795-855 Germany, Holy Roman Emperor)
Charles Martel (it. Carlo Martello)
21
688 unknown 741 France King of the Franks
Charles V Hasburg (it. Carlo V Asburgo)
1500 Netherlands 1558 Spain Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain (his son Philip II Hasburg / it. Filippo II Asburgo 1527-1598 Spain, King of Spain
Charpentier, Marc-Antoine
1634 France 1704 France Baroque composer
Chartier, Émile-August (Alain)
1868 France 1951 France social philosopher, essayist, journalist
Chateaubriand (de), François-René
1768 France 1848 France politician, diplomat, historian
Chebyshev, Pafnuty Lvovich
1821 Russia 1894 Russia mathematician, statistician
Cherubini, Luigi Maria
1760 Italy 1842 France classical composer
Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek
1810 Poland 1849 France Romantic composer, pianist
Christina of Sweden (it. Cristina di Svezia) / Cris tina Alessandra Maria
1626 Sweden 1689 Italy Queen of Sweden, culture promoter
Chrysippus of Soli (it. Crisippo di Soli)
circa 299 BC Turkey circa 206 BC Turkey stoic philosopher
Church, Alonzo
1903 USA 1995 USA mathematician, logician, computer scientist
Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer
1874 UK 1965 UK statesman, politician, historian
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (it. Cicerone, Marco Tullio)
106 BC Italy 43 BC Italy lawyer, politician, essayist, skeptic philosopher
Cilea, Francesco
1866 Italy 1950 Italy realist composer
Cimabue / di Pepo, Cenni (Bencivieni)
1214 Italy 1302 Italy medieval painter
Cimarosa, Domenico
1749 Italy 1821 Italy late-Baroque composer
Clairault, Alexis Claude
22
1713 France 1775 France mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist
Clare of Assisi / Offreduccio, Clare (Chiara di Ass isi / Offreduccio, Chiara)
1194 Italy 1253 Italy Franciscan sister
Clark Ross, James
1800 UK 1862 UK sailor, explorer
Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel
1822 Germany 1888 Germany thermodynamic physicist, mathematician
Cleantes of Asos (it. Cleante)
330 BC Turkey 232 BC Greece stoic philosopher
Cleistehenes (it. Clistene)
555 BC Greece 492 BC Greece statesman, jurist
Cleopatra VII Philopator
69 BC Egypt 30 BC Egypt Queen of Egypt
Cohn-Vossen, Stephan
1902 Poland 1936 Russia mathematician, geometrician, opponent of Nazism
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste
1619 France 1683 France statesman
Colombo, Cristoforo
1451 Italy 1506 Spain sailor, explorer (his brother Bartolomeo 1470 Italy-1514 Dominican Republic, mapmaker, sailor)
Colombo, Giuseppe (Bepi)
1920 Italy 1984 Italy mathematician, physicist, astronomer, engineer
Colorni, Eugenio
1909 Italy 1944 Italy social philosopher, anti-fascist
Columban (it. Colombano)
circa 542 Ireland 615 Italy Benedictine monk
Commandino, Federico
1509 Italy 1575 Italy humanist, translator, mathematician
Commoner, Barry
1917 USA 2012 USA biologist, politician
Compagni, Dino
1255 Italy 1325 Italy historian, politician
Comte, Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier
23
1798 France 1857 France positivist philosopher, sociologist
Compton, Arthur Holly
1892 USA 1962 USA electronic physicist
Condorcet (de) / Caritat (de), Jean-Antoine-Nicolas
1743 France 1794 France mathematician, Enlightenment philosopher, politician
Confucius (it. Confucio)
551 BC China 479 BC China Chinese sage, editor, politician
Constable, John
1776 UK 1837 UK Romantic painter
Constantine the Great / Constantine I (it. Costanti no il Grande / Costantino I)
274 Serbia 337 Turchia Roman Emperor (his mother Helena / it. Elena, Flavia Giulia circa 250 Turkey-circa 330 Germany, Catholic promoter)
Cook, James
1729 UK 1778 USA sailor, explorer, cartographer
Copernicus, Nicolaus / Kopernik, Mikolaj (it. Coper nico, Niccolò)
1473 Poland 1543 Poland physician, jurist, astronomer, third order Dominican
Corelli, Arcangelo
1653 Italy 1713 Italy Baroque composer, musician
Corneille, Pierre
1606 France 1684 France Baroque dramatist, prose writer
Coronelli, Vincenzo Maria
1650 Italy 1718 Italy cartographer, Franciscan friar
Corot, Jean-Baptiste Camille
1796 France 1875 France Romantic painter
Correggio / Allegri, Antonio
1489 Italy 1534 Italy Renaissance painter
Cortés Monroy Pizarro Altamirano, Hernán
1485 Spain 1547 Spain soldier, conqueror
Coulomb (de), Charles Augustin
1736 France 1806 France electric physicist, engineer
Couperin, François
1688 France 1733 France Baroque composer, organist
Couturat (de), Louis
24
1868 France 1914 France mathematician, logician, linguist
Cramer, Gabriel
1704 Switzerland 1752 France mathematician, algebraist
Cranach the Elder (it. il vecchio), Lucas
1472 Germany 1553 Germany Renaissance painter, engraver (his son Cranach the Younger / it. il giovane, Lucas 1515-1586 Germany)
Crick, Francis Harry Compton
1916 UK 2004 USA biologist, geneticist, neuroscientist
Croce, Benedetto
1866 Italy 1952 Italy idealist philosopher
Croce, Giulio Cesare
1550 Italy 1609 Italy late-Renaissance prose writer, dramatist
Cromwell, Oliver
1599 UK 1658 UK statesman, politician, soldier
Cunietti, Mariano
1921 Italy 1997 Italy metrologist, geodesist, photogrammetrist
Cuoco, Vincenzo
1770 Italy 1823 Italy jurist, politician, historian, prose writer
Curie, Marie / Sklodowska Curie, Maria
1867 Poland 1934 France chemist, electronic physicist (her husband Curie, Pierre 1859-1906 France, electronic physicist)
Cusanus, Nicolaus / Kues (of), Nicholas (it Cusano, Niccolò)
1401 Germany 1464 Italy Catholic theologian, cardinal, philosopher, humanist, jurist
D'Alembert, Jean Baptiste Le Rond
1717 Italy 1783 Italy mathematician, physicist, Enlightenment philosopher, music theorist
D'Arrest, Heinrich Louis
1822 Germany 1875 Denmark astronomer
Da Cortona, Pietro / Berrettini, Pietro
1596 Italy 1669 Italy Baroque painter, architect
Daedalus (it. Dedalo)
legendary Greek hero, architect, father of Icarus (it. Icaro) Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé
1787 France 1851 France photographer, chemist
Dahl, Robert Alan
25
1915 USA 2014 USA sociologist, social philosopher
Dal Ferro, Scipione
1465 Italy 1526 Italy mathematician, algebraic
Dalí i Domènech, Salvador Domènec Felip Jacint
1904 Spain 1989 Spain surrealist painter, sculptor, designer
Dal Ponte, Jacopo / da Bassano, Jacopo
1510 Italy 1592 Italy Renaissance painter
Dal Pozzo Toscanelli, Paolo
1397 Italy 1482 Italy mathematician, astronomer
Dalton, John
1766 UK 1844 UK chemist, physicist
Daniel (it. Daniele)
VI BC Israel VI BC Iraq Hebrew prophet
D'Annunzio, Gabriele
1863 Italy 1938 Italy symbolist poet, prose writer, journalist, soldier
Dante Alighieri
1265 Italy 1321 Italy medieval poet, literary critic, essayist, politician
Danton, Georges Jacques
1759 France 1794 France statesman, politician
Da Ponte, Lorenzo / Conegliano, Emanuele
1749 Italy 1838 USA Enlightenment poet, essayist, Catholic priest
Dahrendorf, Ralf Gustav
1929 Germany 2009 Germany sociologist, social philosopher, politician
Darwin, Charles Robert
1809 UK 1882 UK naturalist, biologist, geologist, explorer
David (it. Davide)
circa 1040 BC Israel circa 970 BC Israel King of Israel (his son Solomon / it. Salomone circa 1011 BC-circa 931 BC Israel, King of Israel)
David, Jacques-Louis
1748 France 1825 Netherlands neoclassical painter
Davidson, Donald
1917 USA 2003 USA analytic philosopher, essayist, literary critic
Davy, Humphry
26
1778 UK 1829 UK chemist
D’Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli
1798 Italy 1866 Italy statesman, prose writer
De Barbari, Jacopo
1460/1470 Italy 1516 Italy Renaissance painter, engraver
De Beauvoir, Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand
1908 France 1986 France existentialist philosopher, politician, literary critic
De Broglie, Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond
1892 France 1987 France quantum theory physicist
De Cesaris, Angelo Giovanni
1749 Italy 1832 Italy astronomer, geodesist, Jesuit priest
De Chirico, Giorgio
1888 Greece 1978 Italy neoclassical and modern artist
De Filippo, Eduardo
1900 Italy 1984 Italy dramatist, modern poet (his brother De Filippo, Giuseppe / Peppino 1903-1980 Italy, dramatist)
De Finetti, Bruno
1906 Austria 1985 Italy mathematician, statistician
De Foucauld, Charles Eugène
1858 France 1916 Algeria explorer, anthropologist, Trappists friar
De Gasperi, Alcide Amedeo Francesco
1881 Italy 1954 Italy statesman, politician, journalist, anti-fascist
De Gaulle, Charles André Joseph Marie
1890 France 1970 France statesman, politician, soldier
De Guzmán, Domingo Félix (it. di Guzmán, Domenico)
1170 Spain 1221 Italy Dominican friar, preacher
De la Vega, Garcilaso
1501 Spain 1536 Spain Renaissance poet, soldier
De l'Hôpital / de Sainte Mesme, Guillaume François Antoine
1661 France 1704 France mathematician
De Maupassant,Henri-René-Albert-Guy
1850 France 1893 France realist prose writer, dramatist, poet, essayist
De Mille, Cecil Blount
27
1881 USA 1959 USA director
De Moivre, Abraham
1667 France 1754 UK mathematician, algebraist, statistician
De Pisis Filippo / Tibertelli De Pisis, Luigi Filip po
1896 Italy 1956 Italy modern painter
De Roberto, Federico
1861 Italy 1927 Italy realist prose writer
De Sabata, Victor
1892 Italy 1967 Italy conductor, modern composer
De Sanctis, Francesco Saverio
1817 Italy 1883 Italy literary critic, essayist, politician
De Sanctis, Gaetano
1870 Italy 1957 Italy historian, anti-fascist
De Santillana, Giorgio
1902 Italy 1974 USA philosopher of science, historian
De Saussure, Ferdinand
1857 Switzerland 1913 Switzerland structural linguist
De Soto, Domingo
1494 Spain 1560 Spain Scholastic theologian, Catholic priest
De Viti De Marco, Antonio
1858 Italy 1943 Italy economist, anti-fascist
De Zach, Franz Xaver
1754 Hungary 1832 France astronomer
De Zurbarán, Francisco
1528 Spain 1664 Spain Baroque painter
Debussy, Claude-Achille
1862 France 1918 France Impressionist and symbolist composer, pianist
Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard
1831 Germany 1916 Germany mathematician, algebraist
Defoe, Daniel
1660 UK 1731 UK pre- Enlightenment prose writer, journalist
Degas, Edgar / De Gas, Hilaire-Germain-Edgar
1834 France 1917 France
28
Impressionist painter Del Cossa, Francesco
1430 Italy 1477 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Del Monte, Guidobaldo Bourbon
1545 Italy 1607 Italy mathematician, geometrician, astronomer
Del Piombo, Sebastiano / Sebastiano Luciani
1485 Italy 1547 Italy Renaissance painter
Del Sarto, Andrea / d'Agnolo di Francesco di Luca d i Paolo del Migliore Vannucchi, Andrea
1486 Italy 1530 Italy Renaissance painter
Del Secolo, Floriano
1877 Italy 1949 Italy social philosopher, journalist, anti-fascist
Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eugène
1798 France 1893 France Romantic painter
Delambre, Jean-Baptiste
1749 France 1822 France mathematician, astronomer
Delaunay, Boris Nikolaevi č
1890 Russia 1980 Russia mathematician, geometrician, algebraist
Della Robbia, Luca di Simone
1399/1400 Italy 1482 Italy pre-Renaissance sculptor, goldsmith (his uncle's nephew Della Robbia, Andrea 1435-1525 Italy, the latter’s sons Della Robbia Fra' Ambrogio 1477-1528 Italy, Della Robbia Fra' Mattia 1468-1534 Italy, Della Robbia Giovanni 1469-1529 Italy, Della Robbia Girolamo 1488 Italy-1566 France, Della Robbia Luca the Younger / il Giovane 1475-1548 Italy, Renaissance sculptors)
Dēmókritos (it. Democrito)
460 BC Greece 370 BC Greece pre-Socratic philosopher
Demosthenes (it. Demostene)
384 BC Greece 322 BC Greece lawyer, politician
Deng Xiaoping
1904 China 1997 China statesman, politician
Depero, Fortunato
1892 Italy 1960 Italy modern painter, sculptor, designer
Derrida Jacques (Jackie Élie)
1930 Algeria 2004 France structuralist philosopher, essayist
Desargues, Girard
1591 France 1661 France
29
mathematician, geometrician Descartes, René (it. Cartesio)
1596 France 1650 Sweden rationalist philosopher, mathematician, geometrician
Dewey, John
1859 USA 1952 USA pragmatist philosopher, psychologist
Dias, Bartolomeu (it. Diaz, Bartolomeo)
1451 Portugal 1500 South Africa sailor, explorer
Dickens, Charles John Huffam
1812 UK 1870 UK Romantic prose writer, essayist, journalist
Diderot, Denis
1713 France 1784 France Enlightenment philosopher, essayist, prose writer
Diesel, Rudolf Christian Karl
1858 France 1913 UK mechanical engineer
Di Giorgio Martini, Francesco
1439 Italy 1501 Italy pre-Renaissance architect, sculptor, painter
Dini, Ulisse
1845 Italy 1918 USA mathematician, politician
Diocletian, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Augustus (it. D iocleziano, Gaio Aurelio Valerio Augusto)
244 Croatia 311 Croatia Roman Emperor
Diodorus Siculus (it. Diodoro Siculo)
circa 90 BC Italy circa 27 BC Italy historian
Dioghén ēs Laértios (it. Diogene Laerzio)
180 unknown 240 unknown historian
Diogenes the Cynic
412/404 BC Turkey 323 BC Greece skeptic philosopher
Diophantus of Alexandria (it. Diofanto di Alessandr ia)
III unknown IV unknown mathematician, algebraist
Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
1902 UK 1984 USA quantum theory physicist, mathematician
Dirichlet, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune
1805 France 1859 Germany mathematician
Disraeli of Beaconsfield, Benjamin
1804 UK 1881 UK statesman, politician, Romantic prose writer
30
Di Vittorio, Giuseppe (Nicoletti) 1892 Italy 1957 Italy syndicalist, politician, anti-fascist
Djagilev, Sergej Pavlovi č (Serge)
1872 Russia 1929 Italy art director
D’Oggiono, Marco
1470 Italy 1549 Italy Renaissance painter
Dolcinus of Novara (it. Dolcino da Novara)
1250 Italy 1307 Italy heretic theologian
Domenichino / Zampieri, Domenico
1581 Italy 1641 Italy Baroque painter
Domenico Veneziano / di Bartolomeo, Domenico
1410 Italy 1461 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Donatello / di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, Donato
1386 Italy 1466 Italy pre-Renaissance sculptor, designer, goldsmith
Donatus Magnus of Casae Nigrae (it. Donato di Case Nere)
circa 270 Algeria circa 355 Algeria heretic theologian, bishop
Doni, Dono
1505 Italy 1575 Italy Renaissance painter
Donizetti, Domenico Gaetano Maria
1797 Italy 1848 Italy Romantic composer
Dostoevskij, Fëdor Michajlovi č
1821 Russia 1881 Russia pan-Slavic prose writer, essayist, journalist, social philosopher
Draco (it. Dracone)
VII BC Greece VII BC Greece statesman, jurist
Dreyfus, Alfred
1859 France 1935 France soldier
Dubček, Alexander
1921 Slovakia 1992 Czech Republic statesman, politician
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil
1818 Germany 1896 Germany physician, physiologist
Du Châtelet (Le Tonnelier de Breteuil), Gabrielle É milie
1706 France 1749 France mathematician, physicist, essayist
Duccio di Buoninsegna
31
1255-1260 Italy 1318/1319 Italy medieval painter
Duchamp, Marcel
1887 France 1968 France modern artist
Dühring, Karl Eugen
1833 Germany 1921 Germany philosopher, economist
Dukas, Paul
1865 France 1935 France Impressionist composer
Dulbecco, Renato
1914 Italy 2012 USA physician, biologist, genetics scientist
Duns Scoto, Giovanni (Doctor Subtilis)
1265 UK 1308 Germany scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian, priest
Durante, Francesco
1684 Italy 1755 Italy Baroque composer
Dürer, Albrecht
1471 Germany 1528 Germany Renaissance painter, engraver, essayist, mathematician
Durkheim, Émile
1858 France 1917 France sociologist, anthropologist, historian of religions
Dvořák , Antonín Leopold
1841 Czech Republic 1904 Czech Republic late and neoclassical Romantic composer
Eco, Umberto
1932 Italy 2016 Italy modern prose writer, literary critic, essayist
Eddington, Arthur Stanley
1882 UK 1944 UK astronomer, physicist
Edison, Thomas Alva
1847 USA 1931 USA inventor
Einaudi, Luigi
1874 Italy 1961 Italy statesman, politician, economist, journalist
Einstein, Albert
1879 Germany 1955 USA relativistic physicist, social philosopher, pacifist
öjzenštejn, Sergej Michajlovi č
1898 Russia 1948 Russia director, art director, realist writer
El Cid / Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo
circa 1043 Spain 1099 Spain
32
soldier El Greco / Theotokopoulos, Dominikos
1541 Greece 1614 Spain Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect
Elias (it. Elia)
IX BC Lebanon IX BC Israel Hebrew prophet
Eliot, Thomas Stearns
1888 USA 1965 UK modern prose writer, poet, dramatist, essayist
Elisha (it. Eliseo)
IX BC Israel VIII BC Israel Hebrew prophet
Empedocles (it. Empedocle)
V BC Italy V BC Italy pre-Socratic philosopher, politician
Engels, Friedrich
1820 Germany 1895 UK economist, sociologist, materialist philosopher
Enriques, Federigo
1871 Italy 1946 Italy mathematician, geometrician, philosopher of science
Epikouros (it. Epicuro)
341 BC Greece 270 BC Greece Epicurean philosopher
Epíktetos (it. Epitteto)
50 Greece 130 Greece stoic philosopher
Erasistratus of Ceo (it. Erasistrato di Ceo)
304 BC Greece 250 BC Greece physician, anatomist
Erasmus of Rotterdam / Erasmus Roterodamus, Desider ius (it. Erasmo da Rotterdam)
1466 Netherlands 1536 Switzerland humanist, Renaissance philosopher, heretic theologian
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (it. Eratostene di Cirene)
276 BC Libya 194 BC Egypt mathematician, astronomer, geographer, poet
Eriugena, John Scotus (it. Eriugena, Giovanni Scoto )
circa 815 Ireland circa 877 France neo-platonic philosopher, heretic theologian, monk
Erlang, Agner Krarup
1878 Denmark 1929 Denmark mathematician, statistician
Errera, Giorgio
1860 Italy 1933 Italy chemist, anti-fascist
Escher, Maurits Cornelis
1898 Netherlands 1972 Netherlands graphic, engraver, modern artist
33
Essen, Louis 1908 UK 1997 UK physicist, optical physicist
Esther
VI BC Iran VI BC Iran Persian queen of Hebrew origin
Euclid (it. Euclide)
367 BC Egypt 283 BC Egypt mathematician, geometrician
Euclid of Megara (it. Euclide di Megara)
435 BC Greece 365 BC Greece Socratic philosopher
Eudoxus of Cnidus (it. Eudosso di Cnido)
408 BC Turkey 355 BC Turkey astronomer, mathematician
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (it. Eugenio di Beauharn ais)
1781 France 1824 Germany Viceroy of Italy
Euler, Leonhard (it. Eulero)
1707 Switzerland 1783 Russia mathematician, physicist
Euripides (it. Euripide)
480 BC Greece 406 BC Greece dramatist
Ezekiel (it. Ezechiele)
circa 620 BC Israel circa 570 BC Iraq Hebrew prophet
Falcone, Giovanni
1930 Italy 1992 Italy magistrate
Falerèus, Demétrios (it. Falereo, Demetrio)
345 BC Greece 282 BC Egypt politician, peripatetic philosopher
Fallaci, Oriana
1929 Italy 2006 Italy journalist, essayist, politician
Faraday, Michael
1791 UK 1867 UK electric physicist, chemist
Fattori, Giovanni
1825 Italy 1908 Italy Macchiaioli painter
Fauré, Gabriel Urbain
1845 France 1924 France Impressionist composer, organist
Fellini, Federico
1920 Italy 1993 Italy director, art director, modern prose writer
Fenoglio, Giuseppe (Beppe)
34
1922 Italy 1963 Italy modern prose writer, dramatist, partisan
Fermat (de), Pierre
1601 France 1665 France mathematician, magistrate
Fermi, Enrico
1901 Italy 1954 USA nuclear physicist
Ferrari, Andrea Carlo
1850 Italy 1921 Italy Catholic cardinal, Modernism promoter
Ferrari, Gaudenzio
1475 Italy 1546 Italy Renaissance painter, sculptor
Ferrari, Ludovico
1522 Italy 1565 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Ferrario, Giuseppe
1877 Italy 1932 Italy geodesist, cartographer
Ferraris, Galileo
1847 Italy 1897 Italy electric physicist, engineer
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas
1804 Germany 1872 Germany left-wing Hegelian idealist philosopher
Feyerabend, Paul Karl
1924 Austria 1994 Switzerland philosopher of science, sociologist
Fibonacci / Pisano, Leonardo
1170–1175 Italy 1240–1250 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
1762 Germany 1814 Germany idealist philosopher
Ficino, Marsilio
1433 Italy 1499 Italy humanist philosopher, astrologist
Filarete / di Pietro Averlino, Antonio
1400 Italy 1469 Italy pre-Renaissance architect, sculptor
Fiore (da), Gioacchino da
circa 1135 Italy 1202 Italy medieval philosopher, Catholic theologian, Cistercian friar
Fisher, Ronald Aylmer
1890 UK 1962 Australia statistician, mathematician, biologist
Fitzgerald, George Francis
1851 Ireland 1901 Ireland
35
electric physicist, metrologist Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis
1819 France 1896 France physicist, optical physicist
Flaiano, Ennio
1910 Italy 1972 Italy realist prose writer, dramatist, literary critic, journalist
Flaubert, Gustave
1821 France 1880 France Romantic prose writer
Fleming, Alexander
1881 UK 1955 UK biologist, naturalist
Fleming, Sandford
1827 UK 1915 Canada mechanical engineer, inventor, geographer
Florensky, Pavel Alexandrovich
1882 Russia 1937 Russia Orthodox theologian, priest, mathematician, physicist, engineer
Fludd, Robert
1574 UK 1637 UK physician, alchemist
Fo, Dario
1926 Italy 2016 Italy dramatist, theatre director, modern artist, politician
Foa, Vittorio
1910 Italy 2008 Italy trade unionist, politician, essayist, journalist
Fogazzaro, Antonio
1842 Italy 1911 Italy anti-Romantic prose writer
Folengo, Gerolamo (Teofilo) / Merlin Cocai / Limern o Pitocco
1491 Italy 1544 Italy Renaissance poet
Follereau, Raoul
1903 France 1977 France journalist, social philosopher, poet, pacifist
Fontana, Lucio
1899 Argentina 1968 Italy post-modern artist
Foppa, Vincenzo
1430 Italy 1515 Italy Renaissance painter
Foscolo, Niccolò Ugo
1778 Greece 1827 UK neoclassical and pre-romantic writer, poet
Foucault, Paul Michel
1926 France 1984 France structuralist philosopher, historian, essayist, literary critic
36
Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph 1768 France 1830 France mathematician, thermodynamic physicist
Fourier, François Marie Charles
1772 France 1837 France utopian philosopher
Fracastoro, Girolamo
1478 Italy 1553 Italy physician, mathematician, geographer, astronomer
Fraenkel, Abraham Halevi (Adolf)
1891 Germany 1965 Israel mathematician
Francesco D'Assisi / di Pietro Bernardone, Giovanni
1181 Italy 1226 Italy Franciscan friar, preacher
Frank, Annelies Marie (Anne)
1929 Germany 1945 Germany victim of Nazism
Franklin, Benjamin
1706 USA 1790 USA politician, statesman, inventor
Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
1920 UK 1958 UK chemist, physicist
Frederick I of Swabia (it. Federico I di Svevia Bar barossa)
1155 Italy 1190 Italy Holy Roman Emperor (his grandchild Frederick II of Swabia / it. Federico II di Svevia 1194-1250 Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy, the latter’s son Manfred of Hohenstaufen / it. Manfredi, 1232-1266 Italy, king of Sicily)
Frederic II of Prussia / Frederic the Great (it. Fe derico II il Grande)
1712 Germany 1786 Germany King of Prussia
Frederick III the Wise (it. Federico III il Saggio)
1463 Germany 1525 Germany Elector of Saxony
Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob
1848 Germany 1925 Germany mathematician, logician, philosopher
Fresnel, Augustine-Jean
1788 France 1827 France physicist, optical physicist, engineer
Freud, Sigismund Schlomo (Sigmund)
1856 Austria 1939 UK neurologist, psychologist
Frisi, Paolo
1728 Italy 1784 Italy mathematician, astronomer, Barnabite priest
Frisiani, Paolo
1797 Italy 1880 Italy astronomer
37
Fromm, Erich Seligmann 1900 Germany 1980 Switzerland psychologist , sociologist, Marxian philosopher
Fu, King-Sun
1930 China 1985 USA computer scientist, artificial intelligence pioneer
Fubini Ghiron, Guido
1879 Italy 1943 USA mathematician, geometrician
Füger, Heinrich Friedrich
1751 Germany 1818 Austria neoclassical painter
Furtwängler, Wilhelm 1886 Germany 1954 Austria conductor, modern composer
Gabba, Luigi
1841 Italy 1916 Italy astronomer
Gabrieli, Giovanni
1557 Italy 1612 Italy late-Renaissance composer, organist (his uncle Gabrieli, Andrea 1533-1585 Italy, late-Renaissance composer, organist)
Gadda, Carlo Emilio
1893 Italy 1973 Italy modern prose writer, poet, engineer
Gagarin, Jurij Alekseevi č
1934 Russia 1968 Russia cosmonaut, pilot, engineer, soldier
Gagini, Antonello
1478 Italy 1536 Italy Renaissance sculptor, architect, engineer (his father Gagini, Domenico 1449 Switzerland-1492 Italy, pre-Renaissance sculptor)
Gagliardi, Rosario
1698 Italy 1762 Italy Baroque architect
Galen of Pergamon (it. Galeno di Pergamo)
130 Turkey 200 Italy physician, natural philosopher
Galilei, Galileo
1564 Italy 1642 Italy astronomer, mechanical physicist, mathematician, philosopher
Galizia, Fede
1578 Italy 1630 Italy Baroque painter
Galle, Johann Gottfried
1812 Germany 1910 Germany astronomer
Gallerani, Cecilia
1473 Italy 1533 Italy culture promoter
38
Gallino, Luciano 1927 Italy 2015 Italy sociologist , essayist
Galois, Évariste
1811 France 1832 France mathematician, algebraist
Galton, Francis
1822 UK 1911 UK naturalist, statistician, explorer
Galuppi, Baldassarre
1706 Italy 1785 Italy late-Baroque composer, organist
Galvani, Luigi
1737 Italy 1798 Italy physician, physiologist, physicist
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)
1869 India 1984 India statesman, politician, lawyer, social philosopher
García Lorca, Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús
1898 Spain 1936 Spain realist poet, dramatist
García Márquez, Gabriel José de la Concordia (Gabo)
1927 Columbia 2014 Mexico modern prose writer, essayist, journalist
Gargani, Aldo Giorgio
1933 Italy 2009 Italy philosopher of science
Garibaldi, Giuseppe
1807 France 1882 Italy soldier, conqueror
Gassend, Pierre (it. Gassendi)
1592 France 1655 France philosopher, priest, mathematician, astronomer, astrologist
Gastaldi, Giacomo
1500 Italy 1566 Italy cartographer
Gaudí y Cornet, Antoni
1852 Spain 1926 Spain modern architect
Gauguin, Paul
1848 France 1903 French Polynesia post-Impressionist artist
Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich
1777 Germany 1855 Germany mathematician, geometrician, astronomer, physicist
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis
1778 France 1850 France chemist, physicist
Geminiani, Francesco Xaverio
39
1687 Italy 1762 Ireland Baroque composer, violinist
Genghiz Kh ān / Temugin
1162 Mongolia 1227 Mongolia soldier, conqueror
Gentile, Giovanni
1875 Italy 1944 Italy idealist philosopher, politician
Gentile da Fabriano (di Niccolò di Giovanni Massi, Gentile)
1370 Italy 1427 Italy gothic painter
Gentileschi, Artemisia
1593 Italy 1656 Italy Baroque painter
Gentzen, Gerhard Karl Erich
1909 Germany 1945 Czech Republic mathematician, logician
Géricault, Jean-Louis André Théodore
1791 France 1824 France Romantic painter
Gerra, Domenico
1728 Italy 1813 Italy astronomer, Jesuit priest
Gershwin, George
1898 USA 1936 USA modern and jazz composer, pianist
Gesualdo da Venosa, Carlo
1560 Italy 1613 Italy Baroque composer, musician
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
1378 Italy 1455 Italy pre-Renaissance sculptor, goldsmith, architect
Ghirlandaio / Bigordi, Domenico
1449 Italy 1494 Italy Renaissance painter
Giacometti, Alberto
1901 Switzerland 1966 Switzerland sculptor, engraver, modern painter
Giambellino / Bellini, Giovanni
1430 Italy 1516 Italy Renaissance painter
Giambologna / Jean de Boulogne
1529 Belgium 1608 Italy mannerist sculptor
Giannella, Carlo Francesco
1740 Switzerland 1810 Italy mathematician, physicist, Catholic priest
Giáp, Võ Nguyên
1911 Vietnam 2013 Vietnam
40
statesman, politician, soldier Gibbs, Josiah Willard
1839 USA 1903 USA engineer, chemist, physicist
Gide, André Paul Guillaume
1869 France 1951 France realist prose writer, essayist
Ginzburg, Leone
1909 Ukraine 1944 Italy essayist, journalist, anti-fascist
Ginzburg (Levi), Natalia
1916 Italy 1991 Italy modern prose writer, essayist, journalist
Gioberti, Vincenzo
1801 Italy 1852 France statesman, social philosopher, Catholic priest
Gioia, Flavio
XIII Italy XIV Italy sailor, inventor
Giolitti, Giovanni
1842 Italy 1928 Italy statesman, politician
Giordano, Luca
1634 Italy 1705 Italy Baroque painting
Giordano, Umberto Menotti Maria
1867 Italy 1948 Italy realist composer
Giorgione / Zorzi da Castelfranco / Barbarella, Gio rgio
1478 Italy 1510 Italy Renaissance painter
Giotto / di Bondone, Ambrogio o Angiolo
1266 Italy 1337 Italy medieval painter, architect
Giulini, Carlo Maria
1914 Italy 2005 Italy conductor
Giusti, Giuseppe
1809 Italy 1850 Italy Romantic poet
Glinka , Michail Ivanovi č
1804 Russia 1857 Germany Romantic composer
Gluck, Christoph Willibald
1714 Germany 1787 Austria Romantic composer
Gobetti, Piero
1901 Italy 1926 France journalist, social philosopher, anti-fascist
41
Gödel, Kurt 1906 Czech Republic 1978 USA mathematician, logician
Godin, Louis
1704 France 1760 Spain astronomer
Goethe (von), Johann Wolfgang
1749 Germany 1832 Germany classical and pre-Romantic prose writer, poet, dramatist, essayist
Goffman, Erving
1922 Canada 1982 Canada sociologist
Gogol', Nikolaj Vasil'evi č
1809 Russia 1852 Russia realist prose writer, dramatist
Goldbach, Christian
1690 Germany 1764 Russia mathematician, algebraist
Goldoni, Carlo Osvaldo
1707 Italy 1793 France pre-Enlightenment dramatist, lawyer
Golgi, Bartolomeo Camillo Emilio
1843 Italy 1926 Italy physician, biologist
Goodman, Nelson
1906 USA 1998 USA philosopher of science
Goretti, Cesare
1886 Italy 1952 Italy philosopher, jurist, anti-fascist
Gorgias (it. Gorgia)
485 BC Italy 380 BC Greek sophistic philosopher
Gosset, William Sealy (Student)
1876 UK 1937 UK statistician
Goya, Francisco / de Gaya y Lucientes, Francisco Jo sé
1746 Spain 1828 France pre-Romantic painter, engraver
Gozzano, Guido Gustavo
1883 Italy 1916 Italy realist prose writer, poet
Gozzoli, Benozzo / di Lese di Sandro, Benozzo
circa 1421 Italy 1497 Italy Renaissance painter
Gramsci, Antonio Francesco
1891 Italy 1937 Italy politician, Marxian philosopher, essayist, journalist
Grandi, Guido
42
1671 Italy 1742 Italy mathematician, philosopher, monk
Grass, Günter
1927 Germany 2015 Germany modern prose writer, poet, dramatist, essayist, modern artist
Grassi, Paolo
1919 Italy 1981 UK architect, art director
Green, George
1793 UK 1841 UK mathematician, physicist
Gregory I / Gregory the Great (it. Gregorio I / Gre gorio Magno)
circa 540 Italy 604 Italy Catholic pope
Gregory VII / Hildebrand of Sovana (it. Gregorio VI I / Ildebrando di Soana)
1015 Italy 1085 Italy Catholic Pope
Gregory XIII / Boncompagni, Ugo (it. Gregorio XIII)
1502 Italy 1585 Italy Catholic pope
Gregory XVI / Cappellari, Bartolomeo Alberto (it. G regorio XVI)
1765 Italy 1846 Italy Catholic pope
Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl
1785 Germany 1863 Germany Romantic prose writer, philologist, comparative linguist (his borther Wilhelm Karl 1786-1859 Germany)
Grindel, Carlo
1780 Italy 1854 Italy manufacturer, mechanical engineer (pupil of Megele, Giuseppe 1740-1816 mechanical engineer, optical physicist)
Groot (de), Huig (it. Grozio, Ugo)
1583 Netherlands 1645 Germany jurist, philosopher
Gropius, Walter Adolph
1883 Germany 1969 USA Modernist architect, designer
Guardi, Francesco Lazzaro
1712 Italy 1793 Italy pre-Romantic painter
Guarini, Camillo Guarino
1624 Italy 1683 Italy Baroque architect, mathematician
Guercino / Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco
1591 Italy 1666 Italy Baroque painter
Guérin, Daniel
1904 France 1988 France historian, politician
43
Guevara, Ernesto (Che) 1928 Argentina 1967 Bolivia politician, soldier, physician
Guicciardini, Francesco
1483 Italy 1540 Italy historian, prose writer, politician
Guido d'Arezzo / Guido Pomposiano
circa 991 / 992 Italy circa 1033 Italy medieval musician, Benedectine monk
Guinizelli, Guido / di Guinizello di Magnano, Guido
1235 Italy 1276 Italy medieval poet, magistrate
Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume
1787 France 1874 France statesman, politician, historian
Guldin, Habakkuk (it. Guldino, Paolo)
1577 Switzerland 1643 Austria mathematician, astronomer, Jesuit priest
Gutenberg (zum), Johannes Gänsfleisch zur Laden
1398 Germany 1468 Germany inventor, goldsmith
Hadamard, Jacques Solomon
1865 France 1963 France mathematician, algebraist
Hadrian (it. Adriano)
76 Italy 138 Italy Roman emperor
Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich
1834 Germany 1919 Germany physician, biologist, naturalist, philosopher
Hamilton, William Rowan
1805 Ireland 1865 Ireland mathematician, algebraist, mechanical physicist, astronomer
Hamann, Johann Georg
1730 Russia 1788 Germany anti-Enlightenment philosopher
Hamming, Richard Wesley
1915 USA 1998 USA mathematician, algebraist, computer scientist
Händel, Georg Friedrich
1685 Germany 1759 UK Baroque composer
Hannibal Barca (it. Annibale Barca)
247 BC Tunisia 183/181 BC Turkey politician, soldier
Haq, Mahbub ul
1934 Pakistan 1998 USA economist, politician
Hardy Godfrey, Harold
44
1877 UK 1947 UK mathematician, algebraist
Harvey, William
1578 UK 1677 UK physician
Hasan al-Khazini (ibn al-), Abu Jafar Muhammad
900 Iran 971 Iran mathematician, algebraist, astronomer
Havély, Élie
1870 France 1937 France social philosopher, historian
Haydn, Franz Joseph
1732 Austria 1809 Austria classical composer
Hebb, Donald Olding
1904 Canada 1985 Canada Gestalt psychologist
Hector (it. Ettore)
legendary Trojan hero (his wife Andromache / it. Andromaca) Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
1770 Germany 1831 Germany idealist philosopher
Heidegger, Martin
1889 Germany 1976 Germany existentialist philosopher, shameless Nazi
Heine, Heinrich Cristian Johann
1797 Germany 1856 France Romantic and realism poet, essayist, literary critic
Heisenberg, Werner Karl
1901 Germany 1976 Germany quantum theory physicist
Helava, Uuno Vilho (Uki)
1923 Finland 1994 Finland photogrammetrist, computer scientist
Hell, Maximilian
1720 Slovakia 1792 Austria astronomer, Jesuit priest
Helmert, Friedrich Robert
1843 Germany 1917 Germany geodesist, statistician
Helmholtz (von), Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand
1821 Germany 1894 Germany physician, physiologist, natural physicist
Helvetius, Claude Adrien Maria
1715 France 1771 France Enlightenment philosopher, essayist
Hemingway, Ernest Miller
1899 USA 1961 USA modern prose writer, journalist
45
Henry IV Bourbon (it. Enrico IV Borbone) 1553 France 1610 France King of France
Henry V Salier (it. Enrico V il Salico)
1081 / 1086 Germany 1125 Netherlands Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VIII Tudor (it. Enrico VIII Tudor)
1491 UK 1547 UK King of England (his wife Boleyn, Anne / it. Bolena, Anna 1501/1507-1536 UK, Queen of United Kingdom, his daughter Elizabeth I of England / it. Elisabetta I di Inghilterra 1533-1603 UK, Queen of England)
Heracles / Hercules (it. Eracle / Ercole)
legendary Greek hero, son of Zeus (it. Giove) and a mortal Greek queen Heraclitus of Ephesus (it. Eraclito di Efeso)
535 BC Turkey 475 BC Turkey pre-Socratic philosopher
Herakléid ēs of Pontikós (it. Eraclide Pontico)
390 BC Greece 310 BC Greece platonic philosopher, astronomer
Herbart, Johann Fiedrich
1776 Germany 1841 Germany anti-idealist philosopher, psychologist
Herder, Johann Gottfried
1744 Germany 1803 Germany Enlightenment philosopher, poet, literary critic
Hero of Alexandria (it. Erone il vecchio d'Alessand ria)
circa 10 Egypt circa 70 Egypt mathematician, engineer
Herodotus (it. Erodoto)
484 BC Greece 425 BC Italy historian
Herophilos (it. Erofilo)
335 BC Turkey 280 BC Egypt physician, anatomist
Herschel, Frederick William
1792 Germany 1871 UK astronomer, optical physicist
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf
1857 Germany 1894 Germany electric physicist, inventor
Herzl, Theodor / Herzl, Benjamin Ze'ev
1860 Hungary 1904 Austria politician, social philosopher, Zionism promoter
Hesiod (it. Esiodo)
circa 750 BC Turkey or Greece circa 650 BC Greece poet
Hesse, Hermann
1877 Germany 1962 Switzerland prose writer, poet, philosopher, painter
46
Hieronymus, Sofronius Eusebius (it. Gerolamo, Sofro nio Eusebio) 347 Croatia 419/420 Italy translator, Catholic priest
Hilbert, David
1862 Germany 1943 Germany mathematician, logician, geometrician
Hindemith, Paul
1895 Germany 1963 Germany dodecaphonic composer
Hipparchus of Nicea (it. Ipparco di Nicea)
circa 190 BC Turkey circa 120 BC Greece astronomer, geographer, mathematician
Hippocrates of Chios (it. Ippocrate di Chio)
circa 470 BC Greece circa 410 BC Greece astronomer, mathematician, geometrician
Hippocrates of Kos (it. Ippocrate di Coo)
circa 460 BC Greece circa 370 BC Greece physician, geographer
Hjelmslev, Louis Trolle
1899 Denmark 1965 Denmark structural linguist, structuralist philosopher
Hồ Chí Minh / Nguy ễn Sinh Cung (Nguy ễn Tất Thành / Nguy ễn Ái Qu ốc)
1890 Vietnam 1969 Vietnam statesman, politician, soldier
Hobbes, Thomas
1588 UK 1679 UK empiricist philosopher, mathematician
Holbein the Younger (it. il giovane), Hans
circa 1497 Germany 1543 UK Renaissance painter, engraver (his father Holbein the Elder / it. il vecchio, Hans, circa 1460-1524 Germany, gothic and Renaissance painter, engraver, his brother Holbein, Ambrosius circa 1494 Germany-1519 Switzerland, Renaissance painter, engraver)
Hölder, Otto Ludwig
1859 Germany 1937 Germany mathamtician, algebraist
Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friederich
1770 Germany 1843 Germany Romantic poet
Homer (it. Omero)
Ancient Greek mythical poet Hondius, Jodocus / De Hondt, Joost
1563 Netherlands 1612 Netherlands mathematician, cartographer
Hooke, Robert
1635 UK 1703 UK mechanical physicist, biologist, architect
Horace / Quintus Horace Flaccus (it. Orazio / Quint o Orazio Flacco)
65 BC Italy 8 BC Italy poet
47
Horkheimer, Max 1895 Germany 1973 Germany sociologist, social philosopher
Hotelling, Harold
1895 USA 1973 USA statistician
Hotine, Martin
1898 UK 1968 UK geodesist, soldier
Hugo, Victor Marie
1802 France 1885 France Romantic prose writer, poet, dramatist, essayist, politician
Hume, David
1711 UK 1776 UK empiricist philosopher, historian
Hus, Jan
1369/1372 Czech Republic 1415 Germany Reformed theologian, humanist
Husserl, Edmund Gustav Albrecht
1859 Czech Republic) 1938 Germany phenomenological philosopher, mathematician
Hutton, Charles
1737 UK 1823 UK mathematician, geophysicist
Huygens, Christiaan
1629 Netherlands 1695 Netherlands mechanical physicist, mathematician, astronomer
Hypatia of Alexandria (it. Ipazia di Alessandria)
355/370 Egypt 415 Egypt mathematician, astronomer, neo-platonic philosopher (his father Theon if Alexandria / it. Teone di Alessandria circa 335- 405 Egypt, mathematician, Peripatetic philosopher)
Ibn al-Bann ā’ / Abū l-‘Abb ās Ah mad ibn Muh ammad ibn ‘Uthm ān al-Azd ī ibn al-Bann ā’ al-Marr ākush ī
1256 Morocco 1321 Morocco mathematician, astronomer
Ibn Batt ūta / Abū ‘Abd All āh Muh ammad Ibn ‘Abd All āh al-Law ātī al-Tanj ī Ibn Batt ūta
1304 Morocco 1368/1369 Morocco traveler, explorer
Ibsen, Henrik
1828 Norway 1906 Norway late-Romantic prose writer, dramatist, poet
Illich, Ivan
1926 Austria 2002 Germany social philosopher, essayist
Infeld, Leopold
1898 Poland 1968 Poland relativistic physicist, pacifist
Inghilleri, Giuseppe
1924 Italy 1983 Italy geodesist, surveyor, photogrammetrist
48
Ionesco, Eugène / Ionescu, Eugen 1909 Romania 1994 France dramatist, essayist
Isabel I of Castile (it. Isabella I di Castiglia)
1451 Spain 1504 Spain Queen of Spain
Isaiah (it. Isaia)
VIII BC Israel VII BC Israel Hebrew prophet
Isidore of Seville (it. Isidoro di Siviglia)
circa 560 Spain 636 Spain Catholic theologian, bishop
Jackson , Andrew
1767 USA 1845 USA statesman, politician, soldier
Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob
1804 Germany 1851 Germany mathematician, mechanical physicist
Jacopo della Quercia / di Pietro D'Agnolo di Guarni eri, Jacopo
1374 Italy 1438 Italy pre-Renaissance sculptor
Jacopone da Todi / de Benedictis, Jacopo
circa 1230 Italy 1306 Italy medieval poet, Franciscan friar
James, William
1842 USA 1910 USA pragmatist philosopher, psychologist
Janáček, Leóš
1854 Czech Republic 1928 Czech Republic late-Romantic composer
Jason (it. Giasone)
legendary Greek hero, sailor Jaspers, Karl Theodor
1883 Germany 1969 Switzerland existentialist philosopher
Jefferson, Thomas
1743 USA 1826 USA statesman, politician, architect
Jenner, Edward
1749 UK 1823 UK physician, biologist, naturalist
Jeremiah (it. Geremia)
circa 650 BC Israel circa 586 BC Egypt Hebrew prophet
Jesus of Nazareth (it. Gesù di Nazareth)
7/2 BC Israel circa 36 Israel founder of Christianity (his mother Mary of Nazareth / it. Maria di Nazareth)
Joan of Arc (it. Giovanna d’Arco)
1412 France 1431 France
49
French heroine John XXIII / Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe (it. Giovann i XXIII)
1881 Italy 1963 Italy Catholic pope, pacifist
John Lackland (it. Giovanni senza Terra)
1166 UK 1216 UK King of England (his brother Richard I the Lionheart / it. Riccardo I Cuor di Leone 1157 UK-1199 France, King of England)
John Paul II / Wojtyła, Karol Józef (it. Giovanni P aolo II)
1920 Poland 2005 Italy Catholic pope
John the Baptist (it. Giovanni Battista)
7/2 BC Israel circa 35 Jordan Hebrew prophet
John the Evangelist (it. Giovanni Evangelista)
circa 10 Israel 98/99 Greece Apostle, evangelist
Joliot-Curie, Irène
1897 France 1956 France chemist, pacifist (her husband Joliot-Curie, Jean Frédéric 1900-1958 France, nuclear physicist, pacifist)
Jonah (it. Giona)
IX BC Israel VIII BC Iraq Hebrew prophet
Jordan, Marie Camille Ennemond
1838 France 1922 France mathematician, geometrician
Joule, James Prescott
1818 UK 1889 UK thermodynamic physicist
Joyce, James Augustine Aloysius
1882 Ireland 1941 Switzerland modern prose writer, poet, dramatist
Judith
VIII BC Israel VIII BC Israel Hebrew widow, heroine
Julianus, Flavius Claudius (it. Giuliano, Flavio Cl audio / l’Apostata)
330 Turkey 363 Iraq Roman Emperor, neo-platonic philosopher
Julius II (it. Giulio II) / Della Rovere, Giuliano
1443 Italy 1513 Italy Catholic pope
Jung, Carl Gustav
1875 Switzerland 1961 Switzerland psychologist, anthropologist
Justinian I the Great, Flavius Petrus Sabbatius (it . Giustiniano I il Grande, Flavio Pietro Sabbazio)
482 Turkey 565 Turkey Byzantine emperor
Juvara, Filippo
50
1678 Italy 1736 Spain Baroque architect
Juvenalis, Decimus Iunius (it. Giovenale, Decimo Gi uno)
circa 50 Italy circa 130 Italy poet
Kabir
circa 1440 India circa 1518 India sage, poet
Kafka, Franz
1883 Czech Republic 1924 Austria modern prose writer
Kandinskij, Vasilij Vasil'evi č
1866 Russia 1944 France abstract painter
Kanizsa, Gaetano
1913 Italy 1993 Italy psychologist, modern artist
Kant, Immanuel
1724 Russia 1804 Russia Enlightenment and critic philosopher, geographer
Karajan (Ritter von), Heribert (Herbert)
1908 Austira 1989 Austria conductor
Kautsky, Karl
1854 Czech Republic 1938 Netherlands Marxian philosopher, politician
Kelvin / Thomson, William
1824 Ireland 1907 UK thermodynamic physicist, engineer
Kenyatta, Jomo
1889 Kenya 1978 Kenya statesman, politician
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (Jack)
1917 USA 1963 USA statesman, politician (his brother Kennedy, Robert Francis / Bobby 1925-1968 USA, politician, lawyer)
Kepler, Johann (it. Keplero)
1571 Germany 1630 Germany astronomer, mathematician, Reformed theologian
Keynes, John Maynard
1883 UK 1946 UK economist
Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye
1813 Denmark 1855 Denmark existentialist philosopher, Reformed theologian
King Jr., Martin Luther (Michael)
1929 USA 1968 USA politician, social reformer, Reformed pastor
Kipling, Joseph Rudyard
51
1865 India 1936 UK realist prose writer, poet
Kirchoff, Gustav Robert George
1824 Russia 1887 Germany electric physicist, mathematician
Klee, Paul
1879 Switzerland 1940 Switzerland abstract painter
Kleiber, Karl Ludwig (Carlos)
1930 Germany 2004 Slovenia conductor, modern composer
Klein, Felix Christian
1849 Germany 1925 Germany mathematician, geometrician
Klein, Melanie
1882 Austria 1960 UK neurologist, psychologist
Kleist (von), Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm
1777 Germany 1811 Germany Romantic prose writer, dramatist, poet
Klemperer, Otto
1885 Poland 1973 Switzerland conductor, modern composer
Klimt, Gustav
1862 Austria 1918 Austria Secessionist painter
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb
1724 Germany 1803 Germany pre-Classical prose writer, dramatist
Koehler, Wolfgang
1887 Estonia 1967 USA Gestalt psychologist
Koffka, Kurt
1886 Germany 1941 USA Gestalt psychologist
Kokoschka, Oskar
1886 Austria 1980 Switzerland Secessionist and abstract painter
Kolmogorov, Andrej Nikolaevic
1903 Russia 1987 Russia mathematician, statistician
Krarup, Torben
1919 Denmark 2005 Denmark geodesist, mathematician
Kronecker, Leopold
1823 Poland 1891 Germany mathematician, algebraist, logician
Kropotkin, Pyotr Alexeyevich
1842 Russia 1921 Russia
52
anarchism philosopher, natural scientist Kruskal, Joseph Bernard
1929 USA 2010 USA mathematician, statistician, computer scientist
Kubrick, Stanley
1928 USA 1999 UK director, art director
Kuhn, Thomas Samuel
1922 USA 1996 USA philosopher of science, historian
Kuliscioff (Moiseyeva Rosenstein) Anna
1857 Russia 1925 Italy physician, Marxian philosopher
Kurosawa, Akira
1910 Japan 1998 Japan director, art director, modern prose writer
Lacan, Jacques
1901 France 1981 France psychologist, social philosopher
La Condamine (de), Charles Marie
1701 France 1774 France geographer, mathematician
Lactantius, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus (it. Lattanz io, Lucio Cecilio Firmiano)
circa 250 Tunisia 317 France prose writer, essayist
La Fontaine (de), Jean
1621 France 1695 France fabulist, poet
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis / Lagrangia, Giuseppe Lodovi co
1736 Italy 1813 France mathematician, astronomer
La Grange, Louis
1711 France 1783 Italy astronomer, Jesuit priest
La Hire (de), Philippe
1640 France 1718 France astronomer, mathematician, architect
Lakatos, Imre / Lipsitz, Imre
1922 Hungary 1974 UK philosopher of science
Lamarck (de), Jean-Baptiste / de Monet cavaliere di Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine
1744 France 1829 France naturalist, biologist, illuminist
Lambert, Johann Heinrich
1728 France 1777 Germany mathematician, geometrician, astronomer, physicist
Lancelot (it. Lancillotto)
mythical Britain hero
53
Lao Tzu VI BC China VI BC China Chinese sage, founder of Taoism
Laplace, Pierre-Simon
1749 France 1827 France mathematician, statistician, astronomer, physicist
Las Casas (de), Bartolomé
1484 Spain 1566 Spain Dominican friar, Catholic bishop
Lassalle-Wolfson, Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb
1825 Poland 1864 Switzerland jurist, social philosopher, politician
Laurana, Luciano
1420 Croatia 1479 France pre-Renaissance architect, painter
Lavoisier (de), Antoine Laurent
1743 France 1794 France chemist, biologist, illuminist, economist
Lebesgue, Henri Leon
1875 Fance 1941 France mathematician
Le Corbusier / Jeanneret-Gris, Charles-Edouard
1887 Switzerland 1965 Switzerland Modernist architect, painter, designer
Lega, Silvestro
1826 Italy 1895 Italy Macchiaioli painter
Legendre, Adrien - Marie
1752 France 1833 France mathematician
Léger, Joseph Ferdinand Henri
1881 France 1955 France. modern painter, sculptor
Le Goff, Jacques
1924 France 2014 France historian, sociologist
Leibniz (von), Gottfried Wilhelm
1646 Germany 1716 Germany mathematician, logician, natural philosopher, diplomat, magistrate
Lenin / Uljanov, Vladimir
1870 Russia 1924 Russia Marxian philosopher, politician, statesman
Leo I / Leo the Great (it. Leone I / Leone Magno)
circa 400 Italy 461 Italy Catholic pope
Leo X (it. Leone X) / Medici (de’), Giovanni di Lor enzo
1475 Italy 1521 Italy Catholic pope
Leo XIII / Pecci, Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luig i (it. Leone XIII)
54
1810 Italy 1903 Italy Catholic pope
Leonardo da Vinci
1452 Italy 1519 France Renaissance painter, musician, prose writer, engineer, inventor, anatomist (his pupil Caprotti, Gian Giacomo / Salaì 1480-1524 Italy, painter)
Leoncavallo, Ruggero
1857 Italy 1919 Italy realist composer
Leontief, Wassily
1905 Germany 1999 USA economist
Leopardi, Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Sav erio Pietro
1798 Italy 1837 Italy poet, essayist, social and natural philosopher
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim
1729 Germany 1781 Germany Enlightenment prose writer, dramatist, illuminist
Levallois, Jean-Jacques
1911 France 2001 France geodesist, surveyor
Levenberg, Kenneth
1919 USA 1973 USA mathematician, statistician
Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph
1811 France 1877 France astronomer, mathematician, statistician
Levi, Carlo
1902 Italy 1975 Italy physician, painter, modern prose writer, anti-fascist
Levi, Primo Michele
1919 Italy 1987 Italy chemist, modern prose writer, poet, anti-fascist
Levi Civita, Tullio 1863 Italy 1941 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Levi Della Vida, Giorgio
1886 Italy 1967 Italy linguist, historian, anti-fascist
Levi-Montalcini, Rita
1909 Italy 2012 Italy physician, biologist, genetics scientist
Lévi-Strauss, Claude
1908 Belgium 2009 France naturalist, biologist, structural philosopher
Liebig (von), Justus
1803 Germany 1873 Germany chemist, naturalist
55
Liebknecht, Karl 1871 Germany 1919 Germany politician, economist
Lincoln , Abraham
1809 USA 1865 USA statesman, politician, lawyer
Linde (von), Carl Paul Gottfried
1842 Germany 1934 Germany thermodynamic and electric engineer
Linné (von), Carl Nilsson (it. Linneo, Carolus)
1707 Sweden 1778 Sweden physician, biologist, naturalist
Lippi Di Tommaso, Filippo
1406 Italy 1469 Italy pre-Renaissance painter, Carmelite friar (his son Lippi, Filippino 1459-1504 Italy, Renaissance and mannerist painter)
Lipschitz, Rudolph Otto Sigismund
1832 Russia 1903 Germany mathamtician, mechanical physicist
Lister, Joseph
1827 UK 1912 UK physician, surgeon
Liszt, Franz (Ferenc)
1811 Austria 1886 Germany Romantic composer, pianist, organist
Litke, Feodor Petrovich
1797 Russia 1882 Russia sailor, explorer, geographer, soldier
Livy, Titus (it. Livio, Tito)
59 BC Italy 17 Italy historian
Lloyd George of Dwyfor, David
1863 UK 1945 UK statesman, politician
Llull, Ramon (it. Lullo, Raimondo)
1233 Spain 1316 Spain Aristotelian philosopher, logician, Catholic theologian, Franciscan friar
Lobačevskij, Nikolaj Ivanovi č
1792 Russia 1856 Russia mathematician, geometrician
Locke, John
1632 UK 1704 UK empiricist philosopher, physician
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo
1538 Italy 1592 Italy mannerist painter
Lombardo Radice, Lucio
1916 Italy 1982 Belgium mathematician, philosopher of science, politician
56
Lomonosov, Michail Vasil'evi č 1711 Russia 1765 Russia chemist, naturalist, poet, linguist
Longanesi, Leopoldo (Leo)
1905 Italy 1957 Italy journalist, designer
López de Ayala, Pedro
1332 Spain 1407 Spain medieval poet, prose writer
López de Mendoza de Santillana, Iñigo
1398 Spain 1458 Spain medieval poet, soldier
López Loiola, Íñigo (it. di Loyola, Ignazio)
1491 Spain 1556 Italy Jesuit friar, preacher
Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
1853 Netherlands 1928 Netherlands electric physicist
Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias
1903 Austria 1989 Austria naturalist, biologist, natural philosopher
Lorenz, Ludvig Valentin
1829 Denmark 1891 Denmark physicist, mathematician
Lorenzetti, Pietro
1280/85 Italy c8irca 1348 Italy medieval painter (his brother Lorenzetti, Ambrogio 1290-1348 Italy, medieval painter)
Lorenzo the Magnificent (it. Lorenzo il Magnifico) / di Piero de' Medici, Lorenzo
1499 Italy 1492 Italy statesman, humanist, poet, prose writer (his grandfather De Medici , Cosimo the Elder / it. il Vecchio 1389-1464 Italy, politician, banker)
Lorenzoni, Giuseppe
1843 Italy 1914 Italy astronomer, geodesist
Loschmidt, Jan Johann Josef
1821 Czech Republic 1895 Austria chemist, thermodynamic physicist
Lotto, Lorenzo
1480 Italy 1556 Italy medieval painter
Louis IX (it. Luigi IX)
1214 France 1270 Tunisia King of France
Louis XIV / Louis the Great (it. Luigi XIV)
1638 France 1715 France King of France (his grandchildren Louis XV / Louis the Beloved / it. Luigi XV 1710-1774 France, King of France, Louis XVI / Louis-Auguste / it. Luigi XVI 1754-1793 France King of France, the wife of the last one Marie Antoinette / Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna Hasburg / it. Maria Antonietta 1755 Austria-
57
1793 France, Queen of France) Lovelace, Ada / Byron, Augusta Ada
1815 UK 1852 UK mathematician, computer scientist
Lucan, Marcus Annaeus (it. Lucano, Marco Anneo)
39 Spain 65 Italy poet
Lucian of Samosata (it. Luciano di Samosata)
120 Turkey 180/192 Greece epicurean philosopher, prose writer
Lucretius, Titus Carus (it. Lucrezio, Tito Caro)
94 BC Italy 50 BC Italy epicurean philosopher, poet
Luini, Bernardino / Scapi, Bernardino
1482 Italy 1532 Italy Renaissance painter (his son Luini Aurelio 1530-1593 Italy mannerist painter)
Lukács, György
1885 Hungary 1971 Hungary Marxian philosopher, literary critic
Luke the Evangelist (it. Luca Evangelista)
10 Turkey circa 93 Greece Evangelist, physician
Lully, Jean-Baptiste (it. Lulli, Giovanni Battista)
1632 Italy 1687 France Baroque composer
Lumière, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas
1862 France 1954 France director, art director (his brother Louis Jean 1864-1948 France)
Lumumba, Patrice Émery
1925 Congo 1961 Congo statesman, politician
Luria, Salvadore Eduardo
1912 Italy 1991 USA physician, biologist
Luther, Martin (it. Lutero, Martino)
1483 Germany 1546 Germany Augustinian priest, Reformed theologian, humanist, essayist (his wife Von Bora, Katharina / die Lutherin 1499-1552 Germany, Cistercian sister, Reform promoter)
Luxemburg, Rosa / Luksenburg, Rozalia
1871 Poland 1919 Germany Marxian philosopher, economist, politician
Luzzatto, Fabio
1870 Italy 1954 Italy jurist, anti-fascist
Lycurgus of Spartha (it. Licurgo)
IX BC Greece VIII BC Greece statesman, jurist
Lysippos (it. Lisippo)
58
390/385 BC Greece 306 BC Greece sculptor, engraver
Macchiavelli (dei), Niccolò di Bernardo
1469 Italy 1527 Italy historian, social philosopher, dramatist
Mach, ErnstWaldfried Josef Wanzel
1838 Germany 1916 Germany thermodynamic and electric physicist, philosopher of science
MacLaurin, Colin
1698 UK 1746 UK mathematician
Maderna, Bruno
1920 Italy 1973 Germany modern composer, conductor
Madison, James
1751 USA 1836 USA statesman, politician
Mafai, Miriam
1926 Italy 2012 Italy journalist, essayist, politician
Mafai Volpe, Mario
1902 Italy 1965 Italy neo-realist painter
Magalhães (de), Fernão (it Magellano, Ferdinando)
1480 Portugal 1521 Philippines sailor, explorer
Magritte, René François Ghislain
1898 Belgium 1967 Belgium futurist and surrealist painter
Mahbub ul Haq
1934 Pakistan 1998 USA economist, politician
Mahler, Gustav
1860 Czech Republic 1911 Austria post-Romantic composer
Maimonides, Moses / Moshe ben Maimon (it. Maimonide , Mosè)
1138 Spain 1204 Egypt physician, Aristotelian and Hebrew philosopher
Majakovskij, Vladimir Vladimirovi č
1893 Georgia 1930 Russia futurist poet, dramatist
Majorana, Ettore
1906 Italy 1938 Italy quantum theory physicist
Malcolm X / Malcolm, Little (Detroit Red / El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz / Omowale)
1925 USA 1965 USA politician, social reformer
Malebranche, Nicolas
1638 France 1715 France
59
natural philosopher, Catholic theologian, monk Mallarmé, Stéphane (Étienne)
1842 France 1898 France symbolist poet
Malthus, Thomas Robert
1761 UK 1834 UK economist, social philosopher
Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla
1918 South Africa 2013 South Africa lawyer, politician, statesman
Manet, Édouard
1832 France 1883 France Impressionist painter
Manetti, Antonio di Tuccio
1423 Italy 1497 Italy humanist, architect, mathematician
Man Ray / Rudzitsky, Emmanuel
1890 USA 1976 France surrealist painter, designer
Mantegna, Andrea
1431 Italy 1506 Italy Renaissance painter, engraver
Manuzio, Aldo Pio
1449 Italy 1515 Italy humanist
Manzoni, Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio
1785 Italy 1873 Italy neoclassical and Romantic prose writer, poet, dramatist
Mao Zedong
1893 China 1976 China statesman, politician, Marxian philosopher
Maraldi, Giacomo Filippo
1665 Italy 1729 France astronomer
Marat, Jean-Paul
1743 France 1793 France statesman, politician, scientist
Marc, Franz
1880 Germany 1916 France abstract painter
Marcello, Benedetto
1686 Italy 1739 Italy Baroque composer, poet, lawyer, magistrate (his brother Alessandro Ignazio 1673-1747 Italy, Baroque composer)
Marchesi, Concetto
1878 Italy 1957 Italy Latinist, politician
Marcus Aurelius, Antoninus Auustus (it. Marco Aurel io, Cesare Antonino Augusto)
121 Italy 180 Austria
60
Roman emperor, stoic philosopher Marco Polo
1254 Italy 1324 Italy merchant, traveler
Marconi, Guglielmo
1874 Italy 1937 Italy electric physicist, inventor, politician
Marcuse, Herbert
1898 Germany 1979 USA sociologist, social philosopher
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina Hasburg (it . Maria Teresa d’Asburgo))
1717 Austria 1780 Austria Holy Roman Empress (his son Joseph II / Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam Habsburg / it. Giuseppe II d’Asburgo 1741-1790 Austria, Holy Roman Emperor)
Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso
1876 Egypt 1944 Italy futurist prose writer, poet, dramatist
Marino, Giovan Battista
1569 Italy 1625 Italy Baroque poet and prose writer
Marius, Gaius (it. Mario, Gaio)
157 BC Italy 86 BC Italy soldier, politician
Maritain, Jacques
1882 France 1973 France moral and social philosopher
Mark the Evangelist (it. Marco Evangelista)
circa 29 Israel circa 68 Egypt Evangelist
Markov, Andrej Andreevi č
1856 Russia 1922 Russia mathematician, statistician
Marlowe, Christopher (Kit)
1564 UK 1593 UK pre-Romantic dramatist, poet
Marquardt, Donald W.
1929 USA 1997 USA mathematician, statistician
Marr, David Courtnay
1945 UK 1980 USA psychologist, computer scientist
Marshall, George Catlett
1880 USA 1959 USA politician, soldier
Martial, Marcus Valerius (it. Marziale, Marco Valer io)
40 Spain 104 Spain poet
Martini, Carlo Maria
61
1927 Italy 2012 Italy Catholic theologian, cardinal, Jesuit priest
Martini, Simone (Sanese)
1284 Italy 1344 France medieval painter
Martinetti, Piero
1872 Italy 1943 Italy social philosopher, anti-fascist
Martov, Julius L. / Tsederbaum, Yuliy Osipovich
1873 Turkey 1923 Germany Marxian philosopher, politician
Marussi, Antonio
1908 Italy 1984 Italy geodesist, mathematician
Marx, Karl Heinrich
1818 Germany 1883 UK economist, sociologist, materialist philosopher, historian, journalist
Mary Magdalene (it. Maria Maddalena)
I BC Israel I unknonw Hebrew heroine, Catholic promoter
Masaccio / di ser Giovanni di Mone Cassai, Tommaso
1401 Italy 1428 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Mascagni, Pietro Antonio Stefano
1863 Italy 1945 Italy realist composer
Maskelyene, Nevil
1732 UK 1811 UK astronomer
Masolino da Panicale / di cristoforo Fini, Tommaso
1383 Italy 1440 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Massenet, Jules Émile Frédéric
1842 France 1912 France realist composer
Matilda of Canossa
1046 Italy 1115 Italy Feudal ruler, Catholic supporter
Matisse, Henri Emile Benoit
1869 France 1954 France fauvist painter, engraver
Matthew the Evangelist (it. Matteo Evangelista)
I BC Israel circa 70 Ethiopia Apostle, evangelist
Matteotti, Giacomo
1885 Italy 1924 Italy lawyer, politician, anti-fascist
Matteucci, Felice
1808 Italy 1887 Italy
62
mechanical engineer Maupertuis (de), Pierre Louis Moreau
1698 France 1759 Switzerland mathematician, astronomer, physicist, Enlightenment philosopher
Mauss, Marcel
1872 France 1950 France sociologist, anthropologist, historian of religions
Maxwell, James Cleck
1831 UK 1879 UK electric physicist, mathematician, poet
Mayer, Tobias
1723 Germany 1762 Germany astronomer, geodesist, cartographer
Mazarin (Rethel, Mayenne and Nevers), Jules Raymond (it. Mazzarino, Giulio Raimondo)
1602 Italy 1661 France statesman, Catholic cardinal
Mazzini, Giuseppe
1805 Italy 1872 Italy politician, journalist, social philosopher
Mazzolari, Primo
1890 Italy 1959 Italy essayist, partisan, heretic priest
McLuhan, Herbert Marshall
1911 Canada 1980 Canada sociologist, philosopher of communication, literary critic
Maecenas, Gaius Cilnius (it. Mecenate, Gaio Cilnio)
68 BC Italy 8 BC Italy politician
Méchain, Pierre Francois André
1744 France 1804 Spain astronomer, geodesist
Melanchthon, Philippus / Schwarzerdt, Philipp (it. Melantone, Filippo)
1497 Germany 1560 Germany Reformed theologian, humanist
Melotti, Fausto
1901 Italy 1986 Italy sculptor, modern painter
Melozzo da Forlì / di Giuliano degli Ambrosi, Meloz zo
1438 Italy 1494 Italy Renaissance painter, architect
Mendel, Gregor Johann
1822 Czech Republic 1884 Czech Republic naturalist, mathematician, Augustinian monk
Mendeleev, Dmitrij Ivanovic
1834 Russia 1907 Russia chemist
Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Jakob Ludwig Felix
1809 Germany 1847 Germany Romantic composer, pianist, organist
63
Mercadante, Giuseppe Saverio 1795 Italy 1870 Italy classical composer
Mercalli, Giuseppe
1850 Italy 1914 Italy geologist, Catholic priest
Mercator, Gerardus / Kremer, Gerhard (it. Mercatore , Gerardo)
1512 Belgium 1594 Belgium mathematician, astronomer, geographer, cartographer
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice
1908 France 1961 France realist and social philosopher
Mersenne, Marin
1588 France 1648 France mathematician, heretic theologian, Minim friar
Metastasio, Pietro / Bonaventura Trapassi, Pietro A ntonio Domenico
1698 Italy 1782 Austria late-Baroque poet, dramatist, Catholic priest
Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein (von), Klemens Wenze l Nepomuk Lothar
1753 Germany 1859 Austria statesman, politician
Metzger, Wolfgang
1899 Germany 1979 Germany Gestalt psychologist
Meucci, Antonio Santi Giuseppe
1808 Italy 1889 USA inventor
Meyerbeer, Giacomo
1791 Germany 1864 France classical composer
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1475 Italy 1564 Italy Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet
Michelet, Jules
1798 France 1874 France historian
Michelson, Albert Abraham
1852 Poland 1931 USA electric physicist, optical physicist
Mies Van der Rohe, Ludwig
1886 Germany 1969 USA Modernist architect, designer
Milani, Lorenzo
1923 Italy 1967 Italy essayist, heretic priest
Millikan, Robert Andrews
1868 USA 1953 USA electric physicist
Milton, John
64
1608 UK 1674 UK Baroque poet, essayist, Reformed theologian, statesman
Minkowski, Hermann
1864 Lithuania 1909 Germany mathematician, geometrician, relativistic physicist
Minos (it. Minosse)
legendary king of Crete, son of Zeus (t. Giove) and Europa Minzoni, Giovanni
1885 Italy 1923 Italy Catholic priest, anti-fascist
Miró i Ferrà, Joan
1893 Spain 1983 Spain surrealist painter, sculptor, engraver
Mitterrand, François Maurice Adrien Marie
1916 France 1996 France statesman, politician
Molodenskii, Mikhail Sergeevich
1909 Russia 1991 Russia geodesist, mathematician
Modigliani, Amedeo Clemente (Modì / Dedo)
1884 Italy 1920 France modern painter, sculptor
Modigliani, Franco
1918 Italy 2003 USA economist
Moebius, August Ferdinand
1790 Germany 1868 Germany mathematician, geometrician
Mohs, Friedrich
1773 Germany 1839 Italy geologist
Molière / Poquelin, Jean-Baptiste
1622 France 1673 France Baroque dramatist
Mondrian (Mondriaan), Pieter Cornelis (Piet)
1872 Netherlands 1944 USA cubist and modern painter, sculptor, designer
Monet, Oscar-Claude
1840 France 1926 France Impressionist painter
Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro
1833 Italy 1918 Italy journalist, pacifist
Monge, Gaspard
1746 France 1818 France mathematician, geometrician
Monnet, Jean Omer Marie Gabriel
1888 France 1979 France statesman, politician
65
Monod, Jacques Lucien 1910 France 1976 France biologist, natural philosopher
Monroe , James
1758 USA 1831 USA statesman, politician
Montaigne (de), Michel Eyquem
1533 France 1592 France philosopher, prose writer, politician
Montale, Eugenio
1896 Italy 1981 Italy hermetic poet, prose writer
Montanari, Geminiano
1633 Italy 1687 Italy astronomer, mathematician
Montanelli, Indro Alessandro Raffaello Schizògene
1909 Italy 2001 taly journalist, essayist, dramatist
Montesquieu / de Secondat de La Brède, Charles-Loui s
1689 France 1755 France Enlightenment philosopher, historian, essayist
Montessori, Maria Tecla Artemisia
1870 Italy 1952 Netherlands physician, pedagogist, anti-fascist
Monteverdi, Claudio Giovanni Antonio
1567 Italy 1643 Italy Renaissance composer
Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel
1740 France 1810 France engineer, pilot (his brother Jacques-Étienne 1745 France-1799 Switzerland)
Monti, Vincenzo
1754 Italy 1828 Italy neoclassical poet, dramatist, prose writer, translator
Morandi, Giorgio
1890 Italy 1964 Italy modern painter, engraver
Moravia, Alberto / Pincherle, Alberto
1907 Italy 1990 Italy modern prose writer, dramatist, essayist, journalist
Morazzone / Mazzucchelli, Pier Francesco
1573 Italy 1626 Italy Baroque painter
More, Thomas (it. Moro, Tommaso)
1478 UK 1535 UK lawyer, humanist, social philosopher, statesman
Moretto (il) / Moretto da Brescia / Bonvicino, Ales sandro
1498 Italy 1554 Italy Renaissance painter
Morgenstern, Oskar
66
1902 Poland 1977 USA. economist, statistician
Morley, Edward Williams
1838 USA 1923 USA electric physicist, optical physicist
Moroni, Giovan Battista
1520/24 Italy 1579 Italy late-Renaissance painter
Morris, Charles William
1901 USA 1979 USA structural linguist, logician
Morse, Samuel Finley Breese
1791 USA 1872 USA artist, inventor
Moses (it. Mosè)
legendary Hebrew/Egyptian prophet (his brother Aaron / it. Aronne, priest) Mosadeq, Mohammad
1882 Iran 1967 Iran statesman, politician
Mossotti, Ottavio Fabrizio
1791 Italy 1863 Italy astronomer, mathematician, physicist, politician
Mother Teresa of Calcutta / Bojaxhiu, Anjezë Gonxhe
1910 Macedonia 1997 India Catholic sister
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus / Mozart, Johannes Chrysos tomus Wolfgangus Theophilus
1756 Austria 1791 Austria classical composer, pianist (his father Mozart, Johann Georg Leopold 1719 Germany-1787 Austria, late-Baroque composer, musician)
Muhammad / Ab ū l-Qāsim Muhammad ibn ‘Abd All āh ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib al-H āshim (it. Maometto)
circa 570 Saudi Arabia 632 Saudi Arabia Prophet, founder of Islam (his daughter Fatima al-Zahrā / it. Fatima 605-633)
Muller, Hermann Joseph
1890 USA 1967 USA physician, geneticist, pacifist
Munari, Bruno
1907 Italy 1998 Italy modern painter, designer, essayist
Müntzer, Thomas
1489 Germany 1525 France heretic Reformed theologian
Murat, Joachim
1767 France 1815 Italy soldier, King of Naples
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio
1672 Italy 1750 Italy historian, illuminist, Catholic priest
Murillo / Esteban Pérez Murillo, Bartolomé
1618 Spain 1682 Spain
67
Baroque painter Murnau, Friedrich Wilhelm / Plumpe, Friedrich Wilhe lm (Murglie)
1888 Germany 1931 USA director, art director
Musil (von), Robert Edler
1880 Austria 1942 Switzerland modern prose writer, dramatist
Musorgskij, Modest Petrovi č
1839 Russia 1881 Russia Romantic composer
Nägeli (von), Karl Wilhelm
1817 Switzerland 1891 Germany naturalist, biologist
Nagy, Imre
1896 Hungary 1958 Hungary statesman, politician
Napier, John (it. Nepero, Giovanni)
1550 UK 1617 UK mathematician, algebraist, astronomer
Napoleone I / Bonaparte, Napoleone
1769 France 1821 UK France emperor, soldier (his uncle's nephew Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon III / it. Bonaparte, Luigi-Napoleone III 1808 France-1873 UK, France emperor)
Nasser Hussein, Gamal Abdel
1918 Egypt 1970 Egypt statesman, politician, soldier
Natta, Giulio
1903 Italy 1979 Italy chemist, engineer
Navier, Claude-Louis
1785 France 1836 France mechanical physicist, engineer
Necker, Jacques
1732 Switzerland 1804 Switzerland statesman
Negrelli, Luigi
1799 Italy 1858 Austria civil engineer
Nehru, Jawaharlal
1889 India 1964 India statesman, politician
Nerō, Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus / Ahenobarbus , Lucius Domitius (it. Nerone, Claudio Cesare Augusto Germanico / Eno barbo, Lucio Domizio)
37 Italy 68 Italy Roman emperor
Neruda, Pablo / Reyes Basoalto, Ricardo Eliécer Nef talí
1904 Chile 1973 Chile modern poet, diplomat, politician
Nervi, Pier Luigi
68
1891 Italy 1979 Italy civil engineer
Newton, Isaac
1642 UK 1726 UK mechanical physicist, astronomer, mathematician, natural philosopher
Niemeyer Soares Filho, Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida
1907 Brasil 2012 Brasil modern architect
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm
1844 Germany 1900 Germany post-Romantic philosopher, poet, composer
Nievo, Ippolito
1831 Italy 1861 Italy Romantic prose writer, poet, patriot
Nightingale, Florence
1820 Italy 1910 UK nurse, social reformer
Nigrisoli, Bartolo
1858 Italy 1948 Italy physician, anti-fascist
Nistri, Umberto
1895 Italy 1962 Italy photogrammetrist, mechanical engineer
Noah (it. Noé)
legendary Hebrew patriarch Nobile, Umberto
1885 Italy 1978 Italy explorer, aeronautical engineer
Noether, Amalie Emmy
1882 Germany 1935 USA mathematician, geometrician
Nono, Luigi
1924 Italy 1990 Italy modern composer and writer, politician
Novalis / von Hardenberg, Georg Friedrich Philipp F reiherr
1772 Germany 1801 Germany Romantic prose writer, poet, philosopher
Nyerere, Julius Kambarage
1922 Tanzania 1999 UK statesman, politician
Nyquist, Harry Theodor
1889 Sweden 1976 USA Electric physicist, computer scientist
Ockham (of), William (it. Di Occam, Guglielmo)
1285 UK 1349 Germany scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian, Franciscan friar
Oedipus (it. Edipo)
legendary Greek hero (his daughter Antigone, legendary Greek heroine)
69
Oersted, Hans Christian 1777 Denmark 1851 Denmark electric physicist, chemist
Ohm, Georg Simon
1789 Germany 1854 Germany electric physicist, mathematician
Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias
1758 Germany 1840 Germany physician, astronomer
Oppenheimer, Julius Robert
1904 USA 1967 USA quantum theory physicist
Oriani, Barnaba
1752 Italy 1832 Italy astronomer, geodesist, Barnabite priest
Orpheus (it. Orfeo)
legendary Greek hero, poet (his wife: Eurydice / it. Euridice) Ortelius / Oertel, Abraham (it. Ortelio, Abramo)
1528 Belgium 1598 Belgium mathematician, cartographer
Orwell, George / Blair, Eric Arthur
1903 India 1950 UK modern prose writer,, essayist, journalist, politician
Osiander / Hosemann, Andreas
1498 Germany 1552 Russia Reformed theologian, astronomer
Otto, Nikolaus August
1832 Germany 1891 Germany mechanical engineer
Ovid / Publius Ovid Naso (it. Ovidio / Publio Ovidi o Nasone)
43 BC Italy 17 Romania poet
Owen, Robert
1771 UK 1858 UK social philosopher, economist
Pacinotti, Antonio
1841 Italy 1912 Italy electric physicist
Pacioli, Luca
1445 taly 1517 Italy mathematician, Franciscan friar
Paganini, Niccolò
1782 Italy 1840 France violinist, Romantic composer
Paisiello, Giovanni
1740 Italy 1816 Italy classical composer
Palladio, Andrea / di Pietro della Gondola, Andrea
1508 Italy 1580 Italy
70
Renaissance architect Palme, Sven Olof Joachim
1927 Sweden 1986 Sweden statesman, politician, social reformer
Panaetius of Rhodes (it. Panezio di Rodi)
circa 185 BC Greece circa 112 BC Greece stoic philosopher
Pankhurst, Emmeline Goulden
1858 UK 1928 UK politician, social reformer
Pannella, Marco (Giacinto)
1930 Italy 2016 Italy politician, jornalist
Paolo Uccello / Doni, Paolo
1397 Italy 1475 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Papini, Giovanni
1881 Italy 1956 Italy literary critic, journalist
Pappo D'Alessandria
III Greece IV Greece mathematician
Paracelsus / Hohenheim (von), Philippus Aureolous T heophrastus Bombastus (it. Paracelso)
1493 Switzerland 1541 Austria physician, alchemist, astrologist
Parini, Giuseppe
1729 Italy 1799 Italy Enlightenment and neoclassical poet
Parks, Rosa Louise / McCauley, Rosa Louise
1913 USA 2005 USA politician, social reformer
Parmenides of Elea (it . Parmenide di Elea)
544/541 BC Italy 450 BC Italy pre-Socratic philosopher
Parmentier, Antoine Augustin
1737 France 1813 France naturalist, agronomist, economist
Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola)
1503 Italy 1540 Italy mannerist painter
Parri, Ferruccio (Maurizio)
1890 Italy 1981 Italy statesman, politician, journalist, anti-fascist
Parson, Talcott Edgar Frederick
1902 USA 1979 Germany sociologist
Pascal, Blaise
1623 France 1662 France mathematician, statistician, social philosopher, heretic theologian
71
Pascoli, Giovanni Placido Agostino 1855 Italy 1912 Italy neoclassical poet, prose writer
Pasolini, Pier Paolo
1922 Italy 1975 Italy modern prose writer, poet, essayist, film director
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovi č
1890 Russia 1960 Russia modern prose writer, poet
Pasteur, Louis
1822 France 1895 France biologist, chemist
Paul / Saul of Tarsus (it. Paolo / Saulo di Tarso)
5/10 Turkey 64/67 Italy Apostle, essayist
Paul III / Farnese, Alessandro (it. Paolo III)
1468 Italy 1549 Italy Catholic pope
Paul IV / Carafa, Gian Pietro (it. Paolo IV)
1476 Italy 1559 Italy Catholic pope
Paul VI / Montini, Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria (it. Paolo VI)
1897 Italy 1978 Italy Catholic pope
Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst
1900 Austria 1958 Switzerland quantum theory physicist
Pauling, Linus Carl
1901 USA 1994 USA chemist, pacifist
Pavese, Cesare
1908 Italy 1950 Italy modern prose writer, poet, essayist
Peano, Giuseppe
1858 Italy 1932 Italy mathematician, linguist
Pearson, Karl
1857 UK 1936 UK statistician, mathematician (his son Pearson Egon 1895-1980 UK)
Peirce, Charles Sanders
1839 USA 1914 USA logician, mathematician, statistician, social philosopher
Pelagius (it. Pelagio)
360 UK 420 Israel heretic theologian, monk
Pellizza da Volpedo, Giuseppe
1868 Italy 1907 Italy neo-Impressionist painter
Percival (it. Parsifal)
72
mythical Britain hero Peres, Shimon / Perski, Szymon
1923 Poland 2016 Israel statesman, politician, diplomat
Peressutti, Enrico
1908 Italy 1976 italy modern architect, urban planner, designer
Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista
1710 Italy 1736 Italy Baroque composer, violinist, organist
Pericles (it. Pericle)
circa 495 BC Greece 429 BC Greece statesman, soldier
Pertini, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio / Sandro
1896 Italy 1990 Italy statesman, politician, anti-fascist, lawyer
Perugino / di Cristoforo Vannucci, Pietro
circa 1446 Italy 1523 Italy Renaissance painter
Peter / Simon (it. Pietro / Simone)
2/4 Israel circa 64 Italy Apostle, Catholic pope
Peter I Alexeyevich Romanov / Peter the Great (it. Pietro il Grande)
1672 Russia 1725 Russia Tsar of All Russia
Petipa, Marius
1822 France 1910 Russia art director
Petrarca, Francesco
1304 Italy 1374 Italy prose writer, poet, neo-platonic philosopher
Petronius / Titus Petronius Niger (it. Petronio / T ito Petronio Nigro)
27 France 66 Italy poet, politician
Phaedrus (it. Fedro, Gaio Giulio)
15 BC Italy 50 Italy poet, fabulist
Phidias (it. Fidia)
circa 490 BC Greece circa 430 BC Greece sculptor, architect
Philip of Opus (it. Filippo di Medma)
IV BC Italy IV BC Italy mathematician, astronomer, platonic philosopher
Philolaus (it. Filolao)
470 BC Italy 385 BC Greece Pythagorean philosopher, mathematician, astronomer
Piaget, Jean
1896 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland psychologist, biologist, structural philosopher
73
Picasso / Ruiz y Picasso, Pablo 1881 Spain 1973 France cubist and surrealist painter, sculptor, designer
Piccard, Auguste
1884 Switzerland 1962 Switzerland pilot, explorer, physicist
Piccinni, Vito Niccolò Marcello Antonio Giacomo
1728 Italy 1800 France late-Baroque composer
Pico Della Mirandola / Della Concordia, Giovanni Pi co
1463 Italy 1494 Italy humanist, philosopher
Pierluigi da Palestrina, Giovanni
1525 Italy 1594 Italy Renaissance composer, organist
Piermarini, Giuseppe
1734 Italy 1808 Italy neoclassical architect
Piero Della Francesca / di Benedetto de' Franceschi , Piero
1415 Italy 1492 Italy pre-Renaissance painter, mathematician, geometrician
Pigafetta, Antonio / Lombardo, Antonio
circa 1491 Italy circa 1531 Italy sailor, explorer, geographer
Pilate, Pontius (it. Pilato, Ponzio)
unknown Italy circa 37 Italy Roman politician
Pindar (it.Pindaro)
circa 522 BC Greece circa 443 BC Greece poet
Pindemonte, Ippolito
1753 Italy 1828 Italy neoclassical poet, translator
Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto)
1452 Italy 1513 Italy Renaissance painter
Piola, Gabrio
1794 Italy 1850 Italy mathematician, physicist
Pirandello, Luigi
1867 Italy 1936 Italy modern dramatist, prose writer
Pisanello / di Puccio Pisano, Antonio
circa 1395 Italy circa 1455 Italy gothic painter
Pisano, Andrea / d'Ugolino da Pontedera, Andrea
1290 Italy 1348/1349 Italy gothic sculptor, architect
Pisano, Nicola
74
1215/1220 Italy 1278/1284 Italy gothic sculptor, architect
Pissarro, Camille
1830 USA 1903 France Impressionist and neo-Impressionist painter
Pitocchetto (il ) / Ceruti, Giacomo Antonio Melchio rre
1698 Italy 1767 Italy late-Baroque painter
Pius II (it. Pio II) / Piccolomini, Enea Silvio
1405 Italy 1464 Italy Catholic Pope, humanist
Pius V (it. Pio V) / Ghislieri, Michele
1504 Italy 1572 Italy Catholic pope
Pius IX / Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria (it. Pio IX)
1792 Italy 1878 Italy Catholic pope
Pius X / Sarto, Giuseppe Melchiorre (it. Pio X)
1835 Italy 1914 Italy Catholic pope
Pius XI / Ratti, Ambrogio Damiano Achille (it. Pio XI)
1857 Italy 1939 Italy Catholic pope
Pius XII / Pacelli, Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni (it. Pio XII)
1876 Italy 1958 Italy Catholic pope
Pizarro, Francisco
1471/1476 Spain 1541 Peru soldier, conqueror
Pizzetti, Paolo
1860 Italy 1918 Italy geodesist, astronomer, mathematician
Plana, Giovanni Antonio Amedeo
1781 Italy 1864 Italy mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, politician
Planck, Karl Ernst Ludwig Max
1858 Germany 1947 Germany quantum theory physicist
Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand
1801 Belgium 1883 Belgium physicist, optical physicist
Plato (it. Platone)
428/423 BC Greece 348/347 BC Greece classical philosopher
Plautus, Titus Maccius (it. Plauto, Tito Maccio)
255/250 BC Italy 184 BC Italy dramatist
Playfair, John
1748 UK 1819 UK
75
mathematician, geometrician, empiricist philosopher Pliny the Elder, Gaius Secundus (it. Plinio il Vecc hio, Caio Secondo)
23 Italy 79 Italy naturalist, natural philosopher, soldier
Pliny the Younger, Gaius Caecilius Secundus (it. Pl inio il Giovane, Caio Cecilio Secondo)
61 Italy 113 Turkey lawyer, magistrate
Plotinus (it. Plotino)
204/5 Egypt 270 Italy neo-platonic philosopher
Plutarch (it. Plutarco)
45 Greece 120 Greece historian, essayist, neo-platonic phylosopher
Poggio Bracciolini, Giovanni Francesco
1380 Italy 1459 Italy humanist, historian
Poincaré, Jules Henri
1854 France 1912 France mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science
Poisson, Siméon-Denis
1781 France 1840 France mathematician, statistician, physicist, astronomer
Polybius (it. Polibio)
circa 200 BC Greece circa 118 BC Greece historian
Poliziano / Ambrogini, Angelo
1445 Italy 1494 Italy humanist poet, dramatist
Pollaiolo / Benci, Antonio
1429 Italy 1498 Italy pre-Renaissance painter, sculptor, engraver
Pompey the Great (it. Pompeo, Gneo Magno)
106 BC Italy 48 BC Egypt soldier, politician, statesman
Pomponazzi, Pietro / Mantovano, Peretto
1462 Italy 1525 Italy Aristotelian philosopher, humanist
Poncelet, Jean-Victor
1788 France 1867 France mathematician, geometrician, engineer
Ponchielli, Amilcare
1834 Italy 1886 Italy realist composer
Pond, John
1767 UK 1863 UK astronomer
Pontecorvo Bruno / Pontekorvo, Bruno Maksimovi č
1913 Italy 1993 Russia nuclear physicist
76
Pontecorvo, Gilberto (Gillo) 1919 Italy 2006 Italy director, art director
Ponti, Giovanni (Giò)
1891 Italy 1979 Italy modern architect, designer, essayist
Pontormo (il) / Carrucci, Jacopo
1494 Italy 1557 Italy mannerist painter
Popper, Karl Raimund
1902 Austria 1997 UK philosopher of science
Porphyry (it. Porfirio)
circa 234 Lebanon circa 305 Italy neo-platonic philosopher
Porpora, Nicola Antonio Giacinto
1686 Italy 1786 Italy Baroque composer
Porro, Paolo Pietro Ignazio
1801 Italy 1875 Italy optical physicist, metrologist
Porta , Carlo
1775 Italy 1821 Italy popular poet
Posidonius of Rhodes (it. Posidonio di Rodi )
circa 135 BC Syria circa 51 BC Italy stoic philosopher, geographer, historian
Post, Emil Leon
1897 Poland 1954 USA mathematician, logician
Poussin, Nicolas
1594 France 1665 Italy classical painter
Powell, Cecil Frank
1903 UK 1969 Italy relativistic physicist, astronomer, pacifist
Pozzobonelli, Giuseppe
1696 Italy 1783 Italy Catholic cardinal, Enlightenment promoter
Praxiteles (it. Prassitele)
400/395 BC Greece 326 BC Greece sculptor
Presutti, Errico
1870 Italy 1949 Italy jurist, politician, anti-fascist
Previati, Gaetano
1852 Italy 1920 Italy Pointillist painter
Prezzolini, Giuseppe
77
1882 Italy 1982 Switzerland literary critic, journalist
Prigogine, Ilya
1917 Russia 2003 Belgium natural physicist, chemist
Procaccini, Giulio Cesare
1547 Italy 1625 Italy Baroque painter
Proclus, Lycaeus (it. Proclo, Licio Diadoco)
412 Turkey 485 Greece neo-platonic philosopher
Prokof'ev, Sergej Sergeevi č
1891 Russia 1953 Russia modern composer, pianist
Prometheus (it Prometeo)
legendary Greek hero, Titan Propertius, Sextus (it. Properzio, Sesto Aurelio)
47 BC Italy 14 BC Italy poet
Propp, Vladimir Jakovlevi č
1895 Russia 1970 Russia structural linguist, anthropologist
Protagoras (it. Protagora )
490 BC Greece 420 BC Italy pre-Socratic philosopher
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
1809 France 1865 France social philosopher, economist, politician
Proust, Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel
1871 France 1922 France modern prose writer, literary critic, essayist
Ptolemy, Claudius (it. Tolomeo, Claudio)
circa 90 Egypt circa 168 Egypt mathematician, astronomer, geodesist
Puccini, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo M aria
1858 Italy 1924 Belgium realist composer
Pulci, Luigi
1432 Italy 1484 Italy Renaissance poet
Puoti, Basilio
1782 Italy 1847 Italy classical linguist, literary critic
Purcell, Henry
1659 UK 1695 UK Baroque composer
Puškin, Aleksandr Sergeevi č
1799 Russia 1837 Russia Romantic prose writer, poet, dramatist, essayist
78
Putnam, Hilary 1926 USA 2016 USA philosopher of science, mathematician
Pythagoras of Samos (it. Pitagora di Samo)
570 BC Greece 495 BC Italy mathematician, geometrician, pre-Socratic philosopher
Quarte, Juan / Huarte de San Juan, Juan
1529 France 1588 Spain physician, natural philosopher
Quasimodo, Salvatore
1901 Italy 1968 Italy hermetic poet
Quételet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques
1796 Belgium 1874 Belgium astronomer, statistician
Quevedo y Villegas (de), Francisco
1580 Spain 1645 Spain Baroque prose writer, politician
Quine, Willar Van Orman
1908 USA 2000 USA philosopher of science, logician
Quintilian, Marcus Fabius (it. Quintiliano, Marco F abio)
35 Spain 100 Italy lawyer, politician
Rabelais, François
1494 France 1553 France Renaissance prose writer, humanist
Rabin, Yitzhak
1922 Israel 1995 Israel statesman, politician, soldier
Rachmaninov, Sergej Vasil'evi č
1873 Russia 1943 USA modern composer, pianist
Racine, Jean
1636 France 1699 France Baroque prose writer, dramatist
Raffaello Sanzio
1483 Italy 1520 Italy Renaissance painter, architect
Rajna, Michele
1854 Italy 1920 Italy astronomer, mathematician
Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aiyangar
1887 India 1920 India mathematician, algebraist
Rameau, Jean-Philippe
1683 France 1764 France Baroque composer, organist
Ramseden, Jesse
79
1735 UK 1800 UK optical physicist
Rasetti, Franco
1901 Italy 2001 Belgium nuclear physicist, naturalist
Rathenau, Walther
1867 Germany 1822 Germany statesman, politician, businessman
Ravel, Joseph-Maurice
1875 Germany 1937 Germany post-Romantic composer, pianist
Rawls, John Bordley
1921 USA 2002 USA analytical and social philosopher
Rayleigh, John William Strutt
1842 UK 1919 UK physicist, optical physicist
Reed, John
1887 USA 1920 Russia journalist, historian
Re'is, Piri / Ibn H ājj ī Mehmed, H ājji Muhyieddin Piri
1465/1470 Turkey 1553/1554 Egypt geographer, cartographer, soldier
Reggio, Guido Francesco
1745 Italy 1804 Italy astronomer, geodesist, Jesuit priest
Regiomontanus / Müller von Königsberg, Johannes (it . Regiomontano)
1436 Germany 1476 Roma mathematician, astronomer
Reichenbach, Hans
1891 Germany 1953 USA neo-positivistic logician, philosopher of science
Reina, Vincenzo
1862 Italy 1919 Italy geodesist, mathematician
Rembrandt / Harmenszoon van Rijn, Rembrandt
1606 Netherlands 1669 Netherlands Baroque painter, engraver
Reni, Guido
1575 Italy 1642 Italy Baroque painter, engraver
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
1841 France 1919 France Impressionist painter
Reuchlin, Johann / Kapnion, Johannes
1455 Germany 1522 Germany humanist, Reformed theologian
Ricardo, David
1772 UK 1823 UK
80
economist Ricci, Matteo
1552 Italy 1610 China mathematician, geographer, Jesuit priest
Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio
1853 Italy 1925 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Ricciarelli, Daniele (da Volterra) / Braghettone
1509 Italy 166 taly Renaissance painter, sculptor
Richelieu (Fronsac) / du Plessis, Armand Jean
1565 France 1642 France statesman, Catholic cardinal
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard
1826 Germany 1866 Italy mathematician, geometrician, physicist
Rilke, René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria
1875 Czech Republic 1926 Switzerland modern prose writer, poet
Rimbaud, Jean Nicolas Arthur
1854 France 1891 France Romantic poet, explorer
Rimskij-Korsakov, Nikolaj Andreevi č
1844 Russia 1908 Russia Romantic composer
Rita of Cascia (it. Rita da Cascia) / Lotti, Rita
1371 Italy 1447 Italy Augustinian sister
Rivette, Jacques
1928 France 2016 France director, essayst
Rizzi Zanoni, Giovanni Antonio Bartolomeo
1736 Italy 1814 Italy geographer, cartographer
Robespierre (de), Maximilien François Marie Isidore
1758 France 1794 France statesman, politician, lawyer
Rochefoucauld (de la), François
1613 France 1680 France Baroque prose writer, essayist
Rogers, Ernesto Nathan
1909 Italy 1969 Italy modern architect
Rohmer, Éric / Schérer, Jean Marie Maurice
1920 France 2010 France director, art director, essayst, modern prose writer
Roland (it. Orlando)
unknown France 778 Spain French hero
81
Romano, Egidio 1243/1247 Italy 1316 Italy scholastic philosopher, Augustinian monk, Catholic theologian and bishop
Romano, Giulio / Pippi de' Jannuzzi, Giulio
1499 Italy 1546 Italy Renaissance architect, painter
Romulus (it. Romolo)
legendary Roman hero, son of Ares (it. Marte) and the mortal Rhea Silvia Ronconi, Luca
1933 Italy 2015 Italy director, art director
Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad
1845 Germany 1923 Germany electric physicist, physician
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
1882 USA 1945 USA statesman, politician (his wife Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor 1884-1962 USA, first lady, politician, social reformer)
Rosa, Salvatore
1615 Italy 1673 Italy Baroque painter, engraver, poet
Ross, James Clark
1800 UK 1862 UK sailor, explorer, soldier
Rosselli, Carlo
1899 Italy 1937 France politician, journalist, historian, anti-fascist (his brother Sabatino / Nello)
Rossellini, Roberto Gastone Zeffiro
1906 Italy 1977 Italy director, art director
Rossellino, Bernardo / di Matteo Gamberelli, Bernar do
1409 Italy 1464 Italy pre-Renaissance architect, sculptor
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
1828 UK 1882 UK Romantic painter
Rossi, Ernesto
1897 Italy 1967 Italy journalist, politician, anti-fascist
Rossini, Gioachino / Rossini, Giovacchino Antonio
1792 Italy 1868 France classical composer
Rosso Fiorentino / di Jacopo di Gasparre, Giovan Ba ttista
1494 Italy 1540 France mannerist painter
Rosso, Medardo
1858 Italy 1928 Italy Impressionist sculptor
Rota Rinaldi, Giovanni (Nino)
82
1911 Italy 1979 Italy modern composer
Rotblat, Józef
1908 Poland 2005 UK quantum theory physicist, pacifist
Rousseau, Jean Jacques
1712 Switzerland 1778 France Enlightenment philosopher, essayist
Rubens, Pieter Paul
1577 Germany 1640 Belgium Baroque painter
Rublëv, Andrej
1360 Russia 1430 Russia Orthodox monk, icon painter
Ruffini Avondo, Edoardo
1901 Italy 1983 Italy jurist, anti-fascist
Ruffini, Francesco
1863 Italy 1934 Italy historian, jurist, politician, anti-fascist
Ruffini, Paolo
1765 Italy 1822 Italy mathematician, algebraist, physician
Russel, Arthur William Bertrand
1872 UK 1970 UK mathematician, logician, social philosopher, essayist, pacifist
Rustichello da Pisa
XIII Italy XIII Italy medieval prose writer
Rutherford, Ernest
1871 New Zealand 1937 UK quantum theory physicist
Saba, Umberto / Poli, Umberto
1883 Italy 1957 Italy hermetic poet, prose writer
Sabin, Albert Bruce
1906 Poland 1993 USA physician, biologist
Saccheri, Giovanni Girolamo
1667 Italy 1733 Italy mathematician, geometrician, Jesuit priest
Sacharov, Andrej Dmitrievi č
1921 Russia 1989 Russia nuclear physicist, critic of totalitarianism
Sādāt (al), Muh ammad Anwar
1918 Egypt 1981 Egypt statesman, politician, soldier
Saint Exupéry (de), Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Rog er
1900 France 1944 France
83
prose writer, poet, journalist, pilot Saint Just (de), Louis Antoine Léon
1767 France 1794 France politician, soldier
Saint Saëns, Charles Camille
1835 France 1921 Algeria classical composer, pianist, organist
Saint Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy
1760 France 1825 France social philosopher, economist
Saladin / An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (it . Saladino)
1137 Iraq 1193 Syria Sultan of Syria, Egypt and Yemen
Salutati, Coluccio
1331 Italy 1406 Italy humanist, essayist, politician
Salvemini, Gaetano
1873 Italy 1957 Italy historian, essayist, politician, anti-fascist
Sand, George / Dupin, Amantine Aurore Lucile
1804 France 1876 France Romantic prose writer, dramatist, politician
Sangallo (da), Giuliano Giamberti
1445 Italy 1516 Italy Renaissance architect, engineer, sculptor (his brother Sangallo (da) the Elder / it. il Vecchio, Antonio 1455-1534 Italy, his uncle's nephews Sangallo (da), Bastiano Aristotile 1481-1551 Italy, Renaissance architect, painter, Sangallo (da), the Younger/ it. il Giovane, Antonio / Cordini, Antonio 1483- 1546 Italy, mannerist architect)
Sant'Elia, Antonio
1888 Italy 1916 Italy futurist architect
Santoni, Ermenegildo
1896 Italy 1970 Italy photogrammetrist, mechanical engineer
Sappho (it. Saffo)
circa 630 BC Greece circa 570 BC Greece poet
Sartori, Giovanni
1924 Italy 2017 Italy sociologist, essayist
Sartre, Jean-Paul-Charles-Aymard
1905 France 1980 France existentialist philosopher, politician, literary critic
Satie, Erik / Satie, Éric-Alfred-Leslie
1866 France 1925 France Impressionist composer, pianist
Savinio, Alberto / De Chirico, Andrea Francesco Alb erto
1891 Italy 1952 Italy surrealist painter, sculptor, essayist, composer
84
Savoldo, Giovanni Gerolamo 1480 Brescia 1540 Venice Renaissance painter
Scarlatti, Alessandro
1660 Italy 1725 Italy Baroque composer, musician (his son Scarlatti, Domenico 1685 Italy-1757 Spain, Baroque composer, musician)
Schelling (von), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
1775 Germany 1854 Germany idealist philosopher
Schiapparelli, Giovanni Virgilio
1835 Italy 1910 Italy astronomer, mathematician, statistician, politician
Schiele, Egon Leon Adolf
1890 Austria 1918 Switzerland Secessionist painter, engraver
Schiller (von), Friedrich Christoph Friedrich
1759 Germany 1805 Germany Romantic prose writer, poet, dramatist, natural philosopher
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst
1768 Poland 1834 Germany Reformed theologian, social philosopher
Schlick, Moritz
1882 Germany 1936 Austria neo-positivistic logician, philosopher of science
Schliemann, Heinrich
1822 Germany 1890 Italy archaeologist, industrialist
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar
1918 Germany 2015 Germany statesman, politician
Schönberg, Arnold Franz Walther
1874 Austria 1951 USA dodecaphonic composer
Schopenauer, Arthur
1788 Poland 1860 Germany anti-idealist philosopher
Schrödinger, Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander
1887 Austria 1961 Austria quantum theory physicist
Schubert, Franz Peter
1797 Austria 1828 Austria classical and Romantic composer, pianist
Schuman, Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert
1886 Luxembourg 1963 France statesman, politician, historian
Schumann, Rober Alexander
1810 Germany 1856 Germany Romantic composer, pianist, essayist
85
Schwarz, Karl Hermann Amandus 1843 Poland 1921 Germany mathematician
Schweitzer, Albert
1875 Germany 1865 Gabon physician, social philosopher, pianist, Reformed pastor
Sciascia, Leonardo
1921 Italy 1989 Italy modern prose writer, essayist, politician
Scipio African, Publius Cornelius (it. Scipione Afr icano, Publio Cornelio)
236 BC Italy 183 BC Italy politician, soldier
Scott, Robert Falcon
1868 UK 1912 Antarctica sailor, explorer, soldier
Scott, Walter
1771 UK 1832 UK Romantic prose write, poet
Scriabin (Skrjabin), Aleksandr Nikolaevi č
1872 Russia 1915 Russia late Romantic composer
Secchi, Angelo
1818 Italy 1878 Italy astronomer, geodesist, Jesuit priest
Segantini, Giovanni
1858 Italy 1899 Switzerland Pointillist painter
Segrè, Emilio Gino
1905 Italy 1989 USA quantum theory physicist
Semmelweis, Ignác Fülöp
1818 Hungary 1865 Austria physician, biologist
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (it. Seneca, Lucio Anneo)
4 BC Spain 65 Italy stoic philosopher, dramatist, politician
Serveto, Miguel
1509/1522 Spain 1553 Switzerland physician, humanist, essayist, heretic Reformed theologian
Seurat, Georges-Pierre
1859 France 1891 France post-Impressionist painter
Severini, Gino
1883 Italy 1966 France futurist painter
Sextus Empiricus (it. Sesto Empirico)
160 Egypt 210 Egypt physician, skeptic philosopher
Sforza, Ludovico Maria / Ludovico the Moor (it. il Moro)
86
1452 Italy 1508 France statesman, culture promoter
Shakespeare, William
1564 UK 1616 UK pre-Romantic dramatist, poet
Shannon, Claude Elwood
1916 USA 2001 USA computer scientist, mathematician, engineer
Shaw, George Bernard
1856 Ireland 1950 UK modern prose writer, dramatist, art critic
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
1792 UK 1822 Italy Romantic poet, social philosopher
Sibelius, Johan Julius Christian (Jean)
1865 Finland 1957 Finland late Romantic composer, violinist
Siegfried (it. Sigfrido)
mythical Scandinavian and German hero Siemens (von), Ernst Werner
1816 Germany 1892 Germany electric engineer, industrialist
Signac, Paul
1863 France 1935 France post-Impressionist painter
Signorini, Telemaco
1835 Italy 1901 Italy Macchiaioli painter, engraver
Silone, Ignazio / Tranquilli, Secondo
1900 Italy 1978 Switzerland modern prose writer, dramatist, politician.
Simonides of Ceos (it. Simonide)
556 BC Greece 468 BC Italy poet
Singer, Isaac Bashevis
1904 Poland 1991 USA modern prose writer
Sironi, Mario
1885 Italy 1961 Italy futurist and metaphysic painter, sculptor, architect
Sisley, Alfred
1839 France 1919 France Impressionist painter
Sismondi (de), Jean Charles Léonard Simonde
1773 Switzerland 1842 Switzerland economist, historian, literary critic
Sisson, Jonathan
1690 UK 1747 UK optical physicist
87
Skopas (it. Scopas) circa 390 BC Greece circa 330 BC Greece sculptor, architect
Smetana, Bed řich
1824 Czech Republic 1884 Czech Republic Romantic composer
Smith, Adam
1723 UK 1790 UK economist, social philosopher
Socrates (it. Socrate)
470/469 BC Greece 399 BC Greece classical philosopher
Solaini, Luigi
1909 Italy 1989 Italy geodesist, surveyor, photogrammetrist
Solari, Guiniforte
1429 Switzerland 1481 Italy gothic sculptor, architect (his father Solari Giovanni circa 1400 Switzerland-1482 Italy, his brother Solari Francesco 1420 Switzerland-1469 Italy)
Soldner (von), Johann Georg
1776 Germany 1833 Germany physicist, mathematician, astronomer
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander
1918 Russia 2008 Russia modern prose writer, dramatist, historian, critic of totalitarianism
Solon (it. Solone)
638 BC Greece 558 BC Greece statesman, jurist
Somigliana, Carlo
1860 Italy 1955 Italy mathematician, physicist, geodesist
Sophocles (it. Sofocle)
496 BC Greece 406 BC Greece dramatis, poet
Šostakovi č, Dmitrij
1906 Russia 1975 Russia modern composer, pianist
Spagnoletto (lo) / de Ribera, José
1591 Spain 1652 Italy Baroque painter
Spallanzani, Lazzaro
1729 Italy 1799 Italy naturalist, biologist, Jesuit priest
Spartacus (it. Spartaco)
111 BC Bulgaria 71 BC Italy slave, gladiator, rebel
Spaventa, Bertando
1817 Italy 1883 Italy social philosopher, politician
88
Spearman, Charles Edward 1863 UK 1945 UK psychologist, statistician
Spinelli, Altiero
1907 Italy 1986 Italy lawyer, journalist, politician, anti-fascist
Spinoza, Baruch
1632 Netherlands 1677 Netherlands rationalist philosopher
Spontini, Gaspare Luigi Pacifico
1774 Italy 1851 Italy classical and Romantic composer
Sraffa, Piero
1898 Italy 1983 Italy economist, anti-fascist
Stein, Gertrude
1874 USA 1946 France modern prose write, poet
Steiner, Rudolf Joseph Lorenz
1861 Croatia 1925 Switzeland pedagogist, social philosopher, essayist
Stendhal / Beyle, Marie-Henri
1783 France 1842 France Romantic prose writer
Stephenson, George
1781 UK 1848 UK mechanical engineer (his son Stephenson Robert 1803-1859 UK)
Stevin, Simon (it. Stevino, Simone)
1548 Belgium 1620 Netherlands mathematician, mechanical physicist
Stockhausen, Karlheinz
1928 Germany 2007 Germany dodecaphonic composer
Stokes, George Gabriel
1819 Ireland 1903 UK mathematician, mechanical physicist
Stokowski, Leopold Antoni Stanisław Bolesławowicz
1882 UK 1977 UK conductor
Stoppani, Antonio
1824 Italy 1891 Italy geologist, naturalist, Rosminian priest
Stradella, Alessandro
1639 Italy 1682 Italy Baroque composer
Strabon (it. Strabone)
circa 60 BC Turkey 21/24 Turkey geographer, historian
Strauss Jr., Johann
89
1825 Austria 1899 Austria Romantic composer, conductor (his father Strauss, Johann Batptist 1804-1849 Austria, Romantic composer, his brothers Strauss, Josef 1827-1870 Austria, Romantic composer, architect, Strauss, Eduard 1835-1916 Austria, Romantic composer, conductor)
Strauss, Richard Georg
1864 Germany 1949 Germany post-Romantic composer
Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich
1882 Russia 1971 USA modern composer
Strehler, Giorgio
1921 Italy 1997 Switzeland director, art director
Stresemann, Gustav
1878 Germany 1829 Germany statesman, politician
Strozzi, Barbara
1619 Italy 1677 Italy Baroque composer
Stuart Mill, John
1806 UK 1873 France social philosopher, economist, politician
Sturzo, Luigi
1871 Italy 1959 Italy politician, Catholic priest, anti-fascist
Suárez, Francisco
1548 Spain 1617 Portugal scholastic philosopher, Catholic theologian, Jesuit priest
Suetonius / Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (it. Sveton io / Gaio Svetonio Tranquillo)
circa 69 Italy circa 122 Italy historian
Sukarno / Sosrodihardjo, Kusno
1901 Indonesia 1970 Indonesia statesman, politician
Suleiman the Magnificent (it. Solimano I, il Magnif ico)
1494 Turkey 1566 Hungary Ottoman emperor
Sulla / Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (it. Silla, Lu cio Cornelio)
138 BC Italy 78 BC Italy soldier, statesman
Svevo, Italo / Schmitz, Aron Hector
1861 Italy 1928 Italy rationalist prose writer, dramatist
Swift, Jonathan
1667 Ireland 1745 Ireland Enlightenment prose writer, poet, essayist
Szilárd, Leó
1898 Hungary 1964 USA
90
quantum theory physicist, engineer, pacifist Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (it. Tacito, Publio Corn elio)
55/58 France 117/120 Italy historian, politician
Talleyrand-Périgord (de), Charles Maurice
1754 France 1838 France politician, Catholic bishop
Tarski, Alfred
1901 Poland 1983 USA logician, mathematician, philosopher of science
Tartaglia / Fontana, Niccolò
1499 Italy 1557 Italy mathematician, algebraist
Tartini, Giuseppe
1692 Slovenia 1770 Italy Baroque composer, violinist
Tasman, Abel Janszoon
1603 Netherlands 1659 Indonesia sailor, explorer
Tasso, Torquato
1544 Italy 1595 Italy late-Renaissance poet, dramatist
Taylor, Brook
1685 UK 1731 UK mathematician
Taylor, Frederick Winslow
1856 USA 1915 USA mechanical engineer, industrialist
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
1881 France 1955 USA naturalist, natural philosopher, Jesuit friar
Telemann, Georg Philipp
1681 Germany 1767 Germany Baroque and classical composer, organist
Telesio, Bernardino
1509 Italy 1588 Italy neo-platonic philosopher, naturalist
Terentius / Marcus Terentius Varro (it. Terenzio / Marco Terenzio Varrone)
116 BC Italy 27 BC Italy prose writer
Teresa of Avila (it. Teresa d’Avila) / Sánchez de C apeda y Ahumada
1515 Spain 1582 Spain Carmelite sister
Tertullian / Tertullianus, Quintus Septimius Floren s (it. Tertulliano, Quinto Settimio Fiorente)
160 Tunisia 220 Tunisia prose writer, essayist
Terzani, Tiziano
1938 Italy 2004 Italy journalist, essayist
91
Thābit ibn Qurra' ibn Marw ān al-Sābi' al-Harr ānī, Abū l Hasan 826 Turchia 901 Iraq mathematician, astronomer
Thales of Miletus (it. Talete di Mileto)
624 BC Turkey 546 BC Turkey mathematician, pre-Socratic philosopher
Themison of Llaodicea (it. Temisone di Laodicea)
I BC Syria I BC Syria physician
Theodolinda (it. Teodolinda)
570 Germany 627 Italy Queen of the Lombards (her son Rothari / it. Rotari 606-652 Italy, King of the Lombards)
Theodoric the Great (it. Teodorico il Grande)
454 Croatia 526 Italy King of Ostrogoths
Theodosius the Great (it. Teodosio, Flavio)
347 Spain 395 Italy Roman Emperor (his daughter Galla Placidia, Aelia / it. Galla Placidia, Elia 388/392 Tukey-450 Italy, Roman Empire Regent, Queen of the Goths)
Theophrastus (it. Teofrasto)
circa 371 BC Greece circa 287 BC Greece Peripatetic philosopher
Tibullus, Albius (it. Tibullo, Albio)
circa 55 BC Italy 19 BC Italy poet
Tienstra, Jacob Menno
1895 Netherlands 1951 Netherlands geodesist, mathematician
Tiepolo, Giambattista
1696 Italy 1770 Spain Baroque painter, engraver (his sons Tiepolo, Giandomenico 1727-1804 Italy, Tiepolo, Lorenzo 1736 Italy-1776 Spain, late-Baroque painters, engravers)
Tikhonov, Andrej Nikolaevi č
1906 Russia 1993 Russia mathematician, statistician
Timocharis of Alexandria (it. Timocari di Alessandr ia)
circa 320 BC Egypt 260 BC Egypt astronomer
Tīmūr Barlas / Timur-e lang (it. Tamerlano)
1320-1330 Uzbekistan 1405 Kazakhstan soldier, conqueror
Tintoretto / Robusti, Jacopo / Comin, Jacopo
1518 Italy 1594 Italy Renaissance painter
Tirso de Molina (Gabriele Téllez)
1579 Spain 1648 Spain Baroque poet, dramatist, Catholic monk
Tito / Broz, Josip
1892 Croatia 1980 Slovenia
92
statesman, politician Tiziano / Vecellio, Tiziano
1485 Italy 1576 Italy Renaissance painter
Tocqueville (de), Alexis Henri Charles de Clérel
1805 France 1859 France historian, sociologist, jurist, magistrate, politician
Todorov, Tzvetan
1939 Bulgaria 2017 France social philosopher, essayist
Togliatti, Eugenio Giuseppe
1890 Italy 1977 Italy mathematician, geometrician (his daughter Togliatti, Giovanna 1932-1990 Italy, statistician, photogrammetrist)
Togliatti, Palmiro (Ercoli, Ercole)
1893 Italy 1964 Russia statesman, politician, essayist, anti-fascist
Tolstòj, Lev Nikolàevi č
1828 Russia 1910 Russia pan-Slavic prose writer, essayist, social philosopher, politician
Tomasi di Lampedusa, Giuseppe
1896 Italy 1957 Italy modern prose writer
Tombaugh, Clyde William
1906 USA 1997 USA astronomer
Tommaseo, Niccolò
1802 Croatia 1874 Italy literary critic, essayist, politician
Tonelli, Leonida
1885 Italy 1946 Italy mathematician
Torricelli, Evangelista
1608 Italy 1647 Italy mathematician, physicist
Toscanini, Arturo
1867 Italy 1957 USA conductor
Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (de), Henri Marie Raymond
1864 France 1901 France post-Impressionist painter, designer
Traian, Marcus Ulpius Nerva (it. Traiano, Marco Ulp io Nerva)
53 Spain 117 Turkey Roman emperor (adopted father Nerva, Marcus Cocceius Caesar Augustus / it. Nerva, Marco Cocceio Cesare Augusto 30-98 Italy, Roman emperor)
Trilussa / Salustri, Carlo Alberto Camillo Mariano
1871 Italy 1950 Italy popular poet, prose writer, journalist
Trockij, Lev / Bronštejn, Lev Davidovi č
93
1879 Ukraine 1940 Mexico Marxian philosopher, politician, statesman
Trubeckoj, Nikolaj Sergeevi č
1890 Russia 1938 Russia structural linguist
Truffaut, François
1932 France 1984 France director, art director
Tucidides (it. Tucidide)
circa 460 BC Greece circa 395 BC Greece historian, soldier
Tukey, John Wilder
1915 USA 2000 USA mathematician, statistician, chemist
Tura, Cosmé
1430 Italy 1495 Italy pre-Renaissance painter
Turati, Filippo
1857 Italy 1932 France journalist, politician, sociologist, Marxian philosopher
Turing, Alan Mathison
1912 UK 1954 UK mathematician, logician, computer scientist
Turner, Joseph Mallord William
1775 UK 1851 UK Romantic painter
Tycho Brahe
1546 Denmark 1601 Czech Republic astronomer, astrologist
Ulysses / Odysseus (it. Ulisse / Odisseo)
legendary Greek hero, sailor (his wife Penelope) Ungaretti, Giuseppe
1888 Egypt 1970 Italy hermetic poet, prose writer
Urban II / Odo of Châtillon / Otho de Lagery (it. d e Châtillon / di Lagery, Ottone)
circa 1040 France 1099 Italy Catholic pope
Valery, Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules
1871 France 1945 France symbolist prose writer, poet, essayist
Valla, Lorenzo
1407 Italy 1457 Italy humanist
Van der Straet, Jan (it. Stradano, Giovanni)
1523 Belgium 1605 Italy late-Renaissance painter
Van der Waals, Johannes Diderik
1837 Netherlands 1923 Netherlands electric physicist, mathematician
94
Van der Weyden, Roger de la Pasture 1399/1400 Belgium 1464 Belgium pre-Renaissance painter
Van Dyck, Antoon
1599 Belgium 1641 UK Baroque painter
Van Eyck, Jan
1390 Belgium 1441 Belgium pre-Renaissance painter
Van Gogh, Vincent
1853 Netherlands 1890 France post-Impressionist painter (his brother Van Gogh Theodorus / Theo 1857-1891 Netherlands, art dealer)
Van Groot, Huig (it. Grozio, Ugo)
1583 Netherlands 1645 Germany jurist, social philosopher
Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste
1580 Netherlands 1644 Netherlands chemist, physiologist, physician
Van Wesel Andreas (it. Vesalio, Andrea)
1514 Netherlands 1564 Greece physician, biologist
Van Wittel, Lodewijk (it. Vanvitelli, Luigi)
1700 Italy 1773 Italy Baroque architect, painter
Varèse, Edgard Victor Achille
1883 France 1965 USA modern composer
Vasari, Giorgio
1511 Italy 1574 Italy Renaissance painter, architect, art critic
Vasco da Gama
1460 Portugal 1524 India sailor, explorer, Viceroy of India
Vaudès, Pierre (it. Valdo di Lione, Pietro)
1140 France circa 1206 France Reformed theologian
Vedova, Emilio
1919 Italy 2006 Italy post-modern painter
Vega y Carpio (de), Lope Félix
1562 Spain 1635 Spain Baroque prose writer, dramatist, poet
Vega, Jurii Bartolomej
1754 Slovenia 1802 Austria mathematician, algebraist, physicist
Velázquez, Diego / de Silva y Velázquez, Diego Rodr íguez
1599 Spain 1660 Spain Baroque painter
95
Venn, John 1834 UK 1923 UK logician, mathematician, statistician
Venturi, Lionello
1885 Italy 1961 Italy art critic, anti-fascist
Verdi, Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco
1813 Italy 1901 Italy Romantic composer
Verga, Giovanni Carmelo
1840 Italy 1922 Italy realist prose writer, dramatist
Verlaine, Paul-Marie
1844 France 1896 France symbolist poet
Vermeer, Jan / van der Meer, Johannes
1632 Netherlands 1675 Netherlands Baroque painter
Veronese / Caliari, Paolo
1528 Italy 1588 Italy Renaissance painter
Verrazzano (da), Giovanni
1485 Italy 1528 Bahamas sailor, explorer
Verri, Pietro
1728 Italy 1797 Italy social philosopher, historian, economist (his brother Alessandro 1741-1816 Italy, Enlightenment prose writer)
Verrocchio (il) / di Michele di Francesco di Cione, Andrea
1435 Italy 1488 Italy Renaissance painter, sculptor, goldsmith
Vespasian / Titus Flavius, Caesar Augustus (it. Ves pasiano / Tito Flavio, Cesare Augusto)
9 Italy 79 Italy Roman emperor (his son Titus Flavius, Caesar Vespasianus Augustus / it. Tito Flavio, Cesare Vespasiano Augusto 39-81 Italy, Roman emperor)
Vespucci, Amerigo
1454 Italy 1512 Spain sailor, explorer, cartographer
Vico, Giambattista
1668 Italy 1744 Italy Enlightenment philosopher, historian, jurist
Victoria Alexandrina Hanover (it. Vittoria)
1819 UK 1901 UK Queen of United Kingdom
Viète, François
1540 France 1603 France mathematician, algebraist, politician
Vignola (il) / Barozzi da Vignola, Jacopo
1507 Italy 1573 Italy mannerist architect, architectural theorist
96
Villa, Francisco (Pancho) / Arango Arámbula, José D oroteo 1878 Mexico 1923 Mexico soldier, politician
Virchow, Rudolf Ludwig Karl 1821 Germany 1902 Germany naturalist, physican, politician
Virgil / Publius Virgil Maro (it. Virgilio / Publio Virgilio Marone)
70 BC Italy 19 BC Italy poet
Visconti di Modrone, Luchino
1906 Italy 1976 Italy director, art director
Vitruvius / Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (it. Vitruvio / Marco Vitruvio Pollione)
80/70 BC Italy 15 BC Italy architect, art critic
Vivaldi, Antonio Lucio
1678 Italy 1741 Austria Baroque composer, violinist, Catholic priest
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Gerola mo Umberto
1745 Italy 1827 Italy physicist, inventor
Volta, Luigi
1876 Italy 1952 Italy astronomer
Voltaire / Arouet, François-Marie
1694 France 1778 France Enlightenment philosopher, historian
Volterra, Vito
1860 Italy 1940 Italy mathematician, physicist, anti-fascist
Von Arnim, Achim (Carl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig)
1781 Germany 1831 Germany Romantic prose writer
Von Braun, Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr
1912 Germany 1977 USA aerospace engineer, shameless Nazi
Von Galen, Clemens Augustus Joseph Pius Emanuel Ant onius
1878 Germany 1946 Germany Catholic cardinal, opponent of Nazism
Von Gruber, Otto Heinrich Franz Anton
1884 Austria 1942 Germany photogrammetrist, mechanical engineer, optical physicist
Von Hayek, Friedrich August
1899 Austria 1992 Germany economist
Von Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Freiherr
1769 Germany 1859 Germany naturalist, geographer, explorer
Von Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferd inand Freiherr
97
1767 Germany 1835 Germany comparative linguist, critic philosopher, diplomat, politician
Von Mises, Ludwig
1881 Ukraine 1973 USA economist and sociologist
Von Mises, Richard
1883 Ukraine 1953 USA mathematician, statistician
Von Neumann, John / Neumann, János Lajos
1903 Hungary 1957 USA mathematician, mechanical and thermodynamic physicist, computer scientist
Von Rezzori, Gregor / D'Arezzo, Gregor Arnulph Hila rius
1914 Ukraine 1998 Italy modern prose writer
Von Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst
1786 Germany 1826 UK Romantic composer, director, pianist
Wagner, Wilhelm Richard
1813 Germany 1883 Italy Romantic composer, poet, essayist
Wallace, Alfred Russel
1823 UK 1913 UK naturalist, biologist, geographer, explorer
Wallis, Wilson Allen
1912 USA 1998 USA economist, statistician
Warhol, Andy (Andrew Warhola)
1928 USA 1987 USA modern artist
Washington, George
1732 USA 1799 USA statesman, politician, soldier
Watt, James
1736 UK 1819 UK mechanical and thermodynamic engineer, mathematician
Weaver, Warren
1894 USA 1978 USA mathematician, linguist
Weber, Karl Emil Maximilian
1864 Germany 1920 Germany sociologist, social philosopher, jurist, economist
Webern (von), Anton Friedrich Wilhelm
1883 Austria 1945 Austria dodecaphonic composer
Wegener, Alfred Lothar
1880 Germany 1830 Greenland geophysicist, explorer
Weierstrass, Karl Theodor Wilhelm
1815 Germany 1897 Germany
98
mathematician Weil, Simone Adolphine
1909 France 1943 UK social philosopher, heretic theologian, essayist, politician
Weiss, Peter
1916 Germany 1982 Sweden modern prose writer, dramatist
Weizenbaum, Joseph
1923 Germany 2008 Germany computer scientist
Welde (von), Ludwig Freihern
1780 Austria 1853 Austria soldier, geodesist, cartographer
Welles, George Orson
1915 USA 1985 USA modern prose writer, journalist, director
Wertheimer, Max
1880 Austria 1943 USA Gestalt psychologist
Weyl, Hermann Klaus Hugo
1885 Germany 1955 Switzerland mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science
Weydemeyer (von), Joseph Arnold
1818 Germany 1866 USA soldier, journalist, politician
Wheatstone, Charles
1802 UK 1875 France physicist, optical physicist
Whitehead, Alfred North
1861 UK 1947 USA mathematician, logician, social philosopher
Whorf, Benjamin Lee
1897 USA 1941 USA structural linguist
Wieland, Christoph Martin
1733 Germany 1813 Germany pre-Classical prose writer, poet, illuminist
Wiener, Norbert
1894 USA 1964 Sweden mathematician, statistician, social philosopher
Wiesel Eliezer (Elie)
1928 Romania 2016 USA social philosopher, essayist, opponent of Nazism
Wiesenthal, Simon
1908 Ukraine 2005 Austria architect, opponent of Nazis
Wilcoxon, Frank
1892 Ireland 1965 USA chemist, statistician
99
Wilson, Thomas Woodrow 1856 USA 1924 USA statesman, politician
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim
1717 Germany 1768 Italy archaeologist, historian of art
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Joseph
1889 Austria 1951 UK engineer, linguist, logician, social philosopher
Wittgenstein, Paul
1887 Austria 1961 USA pianist, opponent of Nazism
Wolff, Christian
1679 Poland 1754 Germany Enlightenment philosopher, jurist
Woolf, Adeline Virginia (Stephen)
1882 UK 1941 UK modern prose writer, essayist
Wright, Frank Lloyd
1867 USA 1959 USA Modernist architect
Wright, Orville
1871 USA 1948 USA engineer, pilot (his brother Wilbur 1867-1912 USA)
Xenophanes of Colophon (it. Senofane)
570 BC Turkey 475 BC Turkey pre-Socratic philosopher
Xenophon of Athens (it. Senofonte)
430 BC Greece 354 BC Greece historian
Ximenes, Leonardo
1716 Italy 1786 Italy astronomer, geodesist, Jesuit priest
Yingjing, Feng
XVI China XVII China social philosopher, Confucian monk
Yourcenar, Marguerite / Cleenewerck de Crayencour, Marguerite
1903 Belgium 1987 USA modern prose write, essayist
Yukawa, Hideki
1907 Japan 1981 Japan quantum theory physicist, pacifist
Zagar, Francesco
1900 Croatia 1976 Italy astronomer, mathematician
Zandomeneghi, Federico
1841 Italy 1917 France Impressionist painter
Zapata Salazar, Emiliano
100
1879 Mexico 1919 Mexico politician
Zatta, Antonio
1757 Italy 1797 Italy geographer, cartographer
Zeeman, Pieter
1865 Netherlands 1943 Netherlands electric and quantum theory physicist
Zeno of Citium (it. Zenone di Cizio)
336/335 BC Cyprus 263 BC Greece stoic philosopher
Zeno of Elea (it. Zenone di Elea)
490 BC Italy 430 BC Italy pre-Socratic philosopher
Zeno of Sidon (it. Zenone di Sidone)
150 BC Greece 75 BC Greece skeptic philosopher
Zermelo, Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand
1871 Germany 1953 Germany mathematician, algebraist, logician
Zheng He
1371 China 1434 China sailor, explorer, soldier, diplomat
Zola, Émile Édouard Charles Antoine
1840 France 1902 France realist prose writer, essayist, journalist
Zoroaster /Zarathustra (it. Zoroastro / Zaratustra)
legendary Persian / Afghanistan prophet Zorzi, Alessandro
XV Italy XV Italy geographer, cartographer
Zwingli, Huldrych (it. Zuinglio, Ulrico)
1484 Switzerland 1531 Switzerland Reformed theologian
Acknowledgements The authors thank Ehsan Ashouri Taziani, Imen Ben Charfi, Serap Cevirgen, Laura Dominguez Henao, Mouna Feki, Seyedreza Hosseini, Misagh Ketabdari, Mariana Lobo Marchioni, Ramin Saidi Azar, Nahid Vatanpour, students of the Ph.D. program in Environmental Engineering and Infrastructures at Politecnico di Milano, for assisting in the list compilation during the course “Geomatics meets Human Sciences”.
Filipino boy learning alone in a dark street 5
5 This image is strictly related to the title of this work, quoted by a famous talk of the Cuban revolution.