8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
1/12
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VE COCCI +GRAM
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
2/12
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. Staphylococcus SPP
Cocci. -Gram +ve
Catalse +Ve
arranged in cluster of grapes
-most staphylococcus Non motile. Non sopre.
-most staphylococcus facultative anerobic.
-able to grow in media containing high concentration of salt.
-at temp from 18C-40C staph bacteria are present on the skin andmucous membrane of human.
-Opportunistic infections.
the outer layer of most staphylococcus cell wall covered with
(polysaccharide capsule).
-Eleven capsular serotypes have been identified in S.aureus with
serotypes 5 and 7 associated with majority of infection.
-peptidoglycan can form Half the cell wall of staph.
protin A can be used as specific identification test for S.aureus( not
other Non coagulase staph)
-There are simple biochemical tests e.g (coagulase, protein A ,
heat- stable nuclease , manitol fermentation) can be used to identify
colonies ofS. Aureus and other staph.
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
3/12
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Staphylococcus aureus
* cause most Staphylococcal diseases .* Gr + Ve Cocci .
* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci
*Usually has capsulate .(polysaccharide)&slim layer.
* Facultative anaerobic .haracteristics
* Humans ( nose , skin , mucous ) .
* Always present in hospital environment .
* Survives drying . Tolerant of SaltsHabitat
* Direct contact .
* Airborne route .Transmission
*Capsule= inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
And facilitates adherence to foreign bodies.
*Peptidoglycan= inhibits phagocytosis.* Hemolysins = lyse RBCs
* Coagulase = converts fibrinogen to fibrin(clots plasma)*catalase= remove of hydrogen peroxide.
* Fibrinolysin = Digest fibrin* Leucocidin = kills leukocytes
* DNase = hydrolyses DNA
* Protein A = Antiphagocytosis (inhibits antibody
clearance) and anticomplementary.
* Enterotoxin = Vomiting & diarrhea
* TSS toxin-1 = produce leakage or destruction ofendothelial cells.
* Exfoliative Toxin = Skin exfoliative
Pathogenesis
* Superficial infection(scalded skin syndrome) ( SSS )
* Surgical Wound Infection
* Toxic Shock Syndrome . (( TSS ))* Toxic Food Poisoning . (( TFP ))
* Septicemia , Endocarditis , pneumonia .Diseases
* White or Golden Colonies on Blood Agar
* Catalase +Ve , Coagulase +Ve , DNase + VeLaboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
4/12
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
* Rarely cause infections in health people .
* Gr + Ve Cocci .
* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci
*Opportunistic pathogen.
* Facultative anaerobic .
*Slime layer.
haracteristics
* Humans (skin) .* Always present in hospital environment .
* Survives drying . Tolerant of SaltsHabitat
* Direct contactTransmission
* Lower pathogenicity than Staph. Aureus .
* Viscous extracellular slime = Enable the bacteria to
adhere to a foreign surface .
Pathogenesis
* Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI )* Prosthetic valve Endocarditis.
*Bacteremia.*surgical wounds.
*central nervous system infection.
Diseases
* White Colonies on Blood Agar
* Catalase +Ve , Coagulase -Ve , DNase - Ve
* Sensitive to Novobiocin disc .Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
5/12
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
* Gr + Ve Cocci .
* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci
* Facultative anaerobic .haracteristics
* Skin
* Genitourinary mucosa .Habitat
* Direct contact
* Endogenous spread to urinary tract .Transmission
* Virulance factors unknown
* But , this bacteria has ability to colonize periurethral
skin & mucosa .
Pathogenesis
* Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI ): opportunistic infection.Diseases
* White Colonies on Blood Agar
* Catalase +Ve , Coagulase -Ve , DNase - Ve
* Resistance to Novobiocin disc .Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
6/12
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Streptococcus SPP
- Gram +ve cocci
-catalase –ve.-arranged in pairs or chains.
-most streptococcus facultative anaerobic.
-some grow only in atmosphere enhanced with carbon
dioxide(capnophilic growth).
-carbohydrates are fermented, resulting in the production of lactic acid.- most B-hemolytic streptococcus have group –specific antigen.
-most (but not all) alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and nonhemolytic
streptococcus (gamma) do not have the group –specific antigen.
)arylamidase-B- pyrrolindonyl-L(PYR-
if positive(Streptococcus pyogenes) or negative (Streptococcus
anginosus)
for rheumatic fever or acuteuseful confirming testASO tests-
glomerulonephritis caused BY Streptococcus pyogenes.
Classification of Common Streptococcal Pathogens
Biochemical
Classification Serologic Classification Hemolysis Patterns
S. pyogenes A β
S. agalactiae B β; occasionally nonhemolytic
S. dysgalactiae C, G β
S. anginosus group A, C, F, G,
nongroupable
β; occasionally α or
nonhemolytic
S. bovis D α; nonhemolytic; occasionally β
Viridans group Nongroupable α or nonhemolytic
S. pneumoniae
Enterococci
Nongroupable
D
Α
α – β or Gamma
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
7/12
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Biochemical Identification of Common Streptococci
Organism Susceptibility
Hippuratehydrolysis
CAMPreaction
Bilesolubility
Bacitracin Optochin
S. pyogenes* S R - - -
S. agalactiae R R + + -
S. anginosus† R R - - -
S.
dysgalactiae‡
R R - - -
S. pneumoniae R S - - +
Viridans group R R - - -
S= Sensitive
R= Resistant
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
8/12
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Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A , B hemolytic streptococcus )
* Gr + Ve cocci in chain .
* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci .
* Some strains produce a hyaluronic acid capsule .* Facultative anaerobic .*Growth is optimal on enriched-blood agar media.
*inhibited if the medium contain high conc.of glucose.*the basic structural cell wall is peptidoglycan.
haracteristics
* Commensal in the throat or skin
Habitat
Direct contact
Airborne routeTransmission
M Protein = Antiphagocytosis[ Major Virulence Factor ]*T protein= unknown function.
*capsule=Antiphagocytosis.
Hemolysins = lyse RBCs.
Erythrogenic toxins = cause fever & rash in scarlet
fever
Streptokinase = lyses Blood clot .
DNAse = hydrolyses DNA .
NADase = Kills Leucocytes .
Pathogenesis
Pharyngitis , Tonsilitist , Otitist media .
Erysipelae & lampotigo .
Scarlet Fever .
Rheumatic Fever .(ASO confirming test)
Endocarditis .
Diseases
White small colonies on blood agar .
Colonies surrounded by Beta Hemolysis.
Catalase –Ve Bacitracin Sensitive
PYR +Ve.
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
9/12
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Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B , Beta hemolysis Streptococcus ))
* Gr + Ve cocci in chain .* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci .
* Facultative anaerobic .*capsule(polysaccharide)
*the surface protein (C protein)
haracteristics
* Normal Vaginal ( 25% ) & Oral flora .
Habitat
* Direct ContactTransmission
* Virulance factors not clearly Identified .* Capsule is major virulence factor if it is present
.=Antiphagocytosis .Pathogenesis
Neonatal Meningitis .
Septicaemia
Septic abortion .
Pneumonia.Diseases
Colonies on blood agar larger than S.pyogenes .
The colonies are buttery a narrow zone of B-
hemolytic.
Colonies surrounded by Beta Hemolysis.
Catalase –Ve
Bacitracin Sensitive .
CAMP test +Ve
Hippurate hydrolysis +Ve.
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
10/12
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Streptococcus pneumonia
Alpha H emolytic Sterptococcus ))
Commonest pathogen cause pneumonia .
Lancet shape. Gr + Ve Diplococci
* Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci .
Ploysaccharide capsule .
Facultative anaerobic .
Major cell wall structure is peptidoglycan (like allgram-positive cocci).
The other major cell wall component is teichoic acid.
haracteristics
* Commensal in Human Respiratory Tract .
Habitat
* Droplet spread .
Transmission
* Capsule = Antiphagocytosis .
Pathogenesis
Pneumonia .
Septicemia .(Bactermia)
Meningitis ( Children less than 3 years & adults 45
years and above ))
Otitis Media .
Diseases
White small colonies on blood agar .
Colonies surrounded by Alpha Hemolysis.
Can grow only on enriched media.
Can ferment several carbohydrates.(lactic acid)
Grow poorly in media with high glucoseconcentration.
Catalase –Ve
Optichin Sensitive . Bile solubility Sensitive.
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
11/12
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Streptococcus viridans
Alpha Hemolytic Sterptococcus ))
Gr + Ve cocci
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci .
Facultative anaerobic .
Do not have group-specific.haracteristics
Commensal in the human upper respiratory tract .
Large Number are found in Oral Cavity .
Rarely found in skin because fatty acid in skin aretoxic to them
Habitat
Droplet Spread .Transmission
Attachment to tooth enamel & gums via various
carbohydrates is important in establishment thecolonization .
Ability to produce acid cause ---} Dental caries .Pathogenesis
Dental caries .
Bacterial endocarditis (( Bacteria enter the blood
stream as result of dental manipulation and attach todamaged cardic valves .
Intraabdominal infections.
Diseases
White small colonies on blood agar .
Produce green pigments on blood agar. Colonies surrounded by Alpha Hemolysis.
Catalase –Ve .
Optichin Resistant .
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 GRAM Psitive Cocci
12/12
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اتم ن ی ل ع
تھ ن م و
ھ ل ضف و
ا
د م ح ب
خص عن ل م نم ا ھ ت ن ال ا
VE COCCI +GRAM
اجع ر م ىلع دا م ت عالا متوة د م ت ع م
یة جرا خ تا ر ك ذ م و تا صخل م و
یھ ل ع دا م ت عالا مت يذل ا عجر م ل ا
ھو
كلي
اد م ت عا
Medical Microbiology
لف مل ل Patrick Murray
كم في ظھر ا عد حل ا ص نم ا ن و سن ت ال
یب غ ل ا ..لابر خ آلا و ای ن دل ا يف قی ف و
ا ن ری د ق ت و
ا ن رك ش
ا ول ب ق ت و