Sistemi Informativi Integrati Sistemi Informativi Integrati dd’’AziendaAzienda
Seminario nell’ambito del Corso di
MODELLI MATEMATICI PER LA FINANZA
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
SommarioSommario
Dai sistemi legacy agli ERP Principali caratteristiche di un ERP I principali ERP sul mercato Evoluzione dell’ERP: WEB e Business
Intelligence L’ERP: una base dati per la Governance
dell’Azienda I Sistemi di Enterprise Performance Management
Dai Sistemi LegacyDai Sistemi Legacyagli ERPagli ERP
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Evoluzione dei sistemi informaticiEvoluzione dei sistemi informatici
ApplicazioniApplicazionisu misura su misura
PackagesPackages
Applicazioni orientateApplicazioni orientatealla singola funzionealla singola funzione
Sistemi IntegratiSistemi Integrati
ERPERP
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
ERPERP
Planning:Tempi, Luoghi, Quantità
Enterprise:Gruppo / Azienda
Resource:Persone, Materiali, Impianti, Capitale
Enterprise Resource PlanningPianificazione delle Risorse d’Impresa
Principali caratteristichePrincipali caratteristichedi un ERPdi un ERP
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
ConfigurabilitaConfigurabilita’’
E’ un package, sviluppato e venduto da una societa’ di software.
Puo’ essere installato presso piu’ aziende clienti ed e’ configurabile mediante intervento sui parametri di sistema e senza sviluppo o modifica di software.L’operazione di configurazione dei parametri di sistema per adeguarlo alle esigenze dei clienti e’ denominata set up (o customizing).
Talora puo’ essere necessario sviluppare del software per adattarlo a specifiche perculiarita dell’azienda cliente. In questo caso si parla di personalizzazione
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Completezza FunzionaleCompletezza Funzionale
Un ERP deve essere in grado di supportare i principali processi aziendali (es. Contabilita’ Generale, Acquisti, Vendite, Magazzino, Produzione, Gestione del Personale)
E’ normalmente organizzato in moduli
Puo’ essere implementato anche parzialmente, attivando solamente alcuni dei moduli che ne fanno parte. In questo caso e’ necessario sviluppare interfacce di collegamento con le applicazioni esterne all’ERP, che compongono il sistema informatico aziendale
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
IntegrazioneIntegrazione
Un ERP e’ un package integrato in quanto:
Tutti i moduli lavorano insieme e non funzionano come applicazioni separate:
– Viene garantita la coerenza dei dati e la corretta sequenza delle fasi, sia all’interno dei singoli processi gestiti, sia fra processi collaterali
– Le regole di codifica sono comuni – I dati sono inseriti una volta sola e vengono condivisi da tutti i
moduli dell’ERP– Le procedure di inserimento dati ne controllano la coerenza rispetto
ai dati gia’ presenti nel sistema, e rispetto alle regole di controllo definite durante la fase di set up
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
MultisocietarietaMultisocietarieta’’
E’ in grado di gestire nella stessa installazione i processi di piu’ aziende, presidiando la sicurezza degli accessi e la riservatezza dei dati.
Se le aziende fanno parte di uno stesso gruppo industriale, puo’ gestire alcuni dati in comune e automatizzare le relazioni intersocietarie:
– Consolidamento contabile– Reporting di gruppo– Pianificazione multisito– Transazioni intercompany (acquisti, vendite, fatturazione)
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
ERP internazionaliERP internazionali
Un ERP si dice internazionale se puo’ essere utilizzato da aziende che operano in paesi diversi.
Perche’ un ERP sia definito internazionale, deve essere:
– Multilingua: le maschere e i menu devono poter apparire in piu’ lingue. La scelta della lingua deve poter essere associata all’azienda o al profilo dell’utilizzatore mediante pure operazioni di set up
– Localizzato: Devono essere disponibili tutte le funzionalita’ necessarie per soddisfare i requisiti civilistici/fiscali e le pratiche commerciali dei diversi paesi
Sistema Flessibile e ConfigurabileSistema Flessibile e ConfigurabileSistema Personalizzabile senza customizzazioniSistema Personalizzabile senza customizzazioni
Flexfields – User definable data key
Folders – User tailorable forms
Workflow – Configurable business process flow
Custom Library – Directory for customer extensions (forms)
OA Framework / Forms Personalization – Configurable page “look & feel”, navigation, tabs, fields, buttons
XML Publisher – Flexible report / document output
Riduce costose customizzazioni
Mantiene le configurazioni durante gli upgrade
Facilita l’impiego del sistema
Customers,
Suppliers,
Products, …
Customers,
Suppliers,
Products, …
Develop
Market
Sell
Order
Plan
Procure
MakeFulfill
Service
Maintain
Finance
HR
Projects
Contracts
MultipleIndustries
MultipleGeographies
MultipleCurrencies
MultipleLanguages
MultipleLegal Entities
StatutoryCompliance
Oracle E-Business SuiteOracle E-Business SuiteCostruita su una Unica Architettura InformativaCostruita su una Unica Architettura Informativa
Il sistema ERP come Il sistema ERP come facilitatore dellfacilitatore dell’’integrazione integrazione
organizzativaorganizzativa
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
• In azienda spesso esistono dei muri “funzionali” che inibiscono la comunicazione
Processi business
Evasioneordine
Assistenzapost-vendita
Contabilitàindustriale
Reporting
PianificazioneVendite Produzione
QualitàContabilità
ControlloFunzioni
Procedure organizzative
Oracle eBusiness Suite: Oracle eBusiness Suite:
Evoluzione dellEvoluzione dell’’ERPERP
WEB e Business IntelligenceWEB e Business Intelligence
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
ERP per lERP per l’’azienda estesaazienda estesa
...
CU
ST
OM
ER
SC
US
TO
ME
RS
Web SiteWeb SiteWeb SiteWeb Site Suppliers & Suppliers & PartnersPartners
Suppliers & Suppliers & PartnersPartners
Customer Customer ServiceService
ERPERPApplicationsApplications
E M P L O Y E E SE M P L O Y E E S
Self ServiceSelf ServiceApplicationsApplications
BusinessBusinessIntelligenceIntelligence
SystemsSystemsServiceService
ProvidersProviders
ServiceServiceProvidersProviders
Direct SalesDirect Sales
E-StoreE-Store
PortalPortal
Order To Cash Field SalesField Sales
Planning To Produce
Procure to Pay
Financials
Human Capital Mngt
Quoting /ProposalQuoting /Proposal
Order Management
Order Management
Adv. PricingAdv.
Pricing PIMPIM ConfiguratorConfigurator Inventory/WMS
Inventory/WMS
AR /Incentive
Compensation
AR /Incentive
Compensation
Demantra Demand
Management
Sales&Operation Planning
ASCP /GOP
ASCP /GOP Discrete MfgDiscrete Mfg MES MES Production
SchedulingProduction Scheduling
Flow Manufacturing
PurchasingPurchasing iProcuremntiProcuremnt Supplier Portal
Supplier Portal SourcingSourcing AP AP
GLGL APAP ARAR Cash Management
Cash Management
Fixed Asset
Fixed Asset
Advance Collection Advance Collection iReceivables iReceivables
HRHR HR Self Service
HR Self Service iRecruitmentiRecruitment Compensation
WorkbenchCompensation Workbench Time&Labour Time&Labour Performance
Management Performance Management
BaseBase
IntelligenceSupply Chain&
Order Mngt Intelligence
Supply Chain&Order Mngt Intelligence
Procurement IntelligenceProcurement Intelligence
Financial IntelligenceFinancial
Intelligence
Maintenance Enterprise Asset
Management
Enterprise Asset
Management
Self Service Work requests
Self Service Work requests Transportation Transportation
Management
Freight payments.
billing, claim
Transport. Operational planning
Estensioni CollaborationCollaboration
Colaborative Planning
Colaborative Planning
IntelligenceIntelligence
L’ERP: una base dati per la L’ERP: una base dati per la Governance dell’AziendaGovernance dell’Azienda
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Business ChallengesBusiness Challenges
Today’s Reality:
Management Processes Are
Fragmented
•Lack of business alignment
•Low predictability in performance
•Inconsistency in business decisions
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED
(EVA)
ANALYZE
PERFORMANCE
GOAL
SETTING
SCORECARDS FINANCIAL
REPORTING
FINANCIAL
MODELING
VARIANCE
ANALYSIS
ROLLING
FORECAST
OPERATIONAL
PLANNING
MONITOR
RESULTS
$€£ ¥
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Financial ClosingFinancial Closing
FinancialConsolidation
DataAssurance Document
Management& Filing
Financial andMgmt. Reporting
ERP: Oracle, SAP,
JDE, Other
TaxFiling
Financial Close Workflow
CFO Dashboard
TaxCalculations
Transactions Reporting
Governance, Risk & Compliance
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Financial ClosingFinancial Closing
Consolidate and Report Financial Results
Manage Financial Closefrom Subledgers to Filings
Ensure High Quality Report Submissions
Integrate with ERP Sources and Ensure Financial Data Quality
Accelerate Reporting and Reduce Cost of Compliance
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Profitability & Cost MgtProfitability & Cost Mgt
Cost, Revenue and Profitability Analytics
Cost and Profitability Reporting
Cost and Revenue Allocation
Calculations
AllocatePerformance
Improvement
Cost and Profitability Simulation
Analyze
Profitability and Cost Management
Common Reporting & Interaction
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Profitability & Cost MgtProfitability & Cost Mgt
• A business user application to build models that:
• Accurately assign, measure, and manage costs and revenues
• Use any methodology to transform financial data through multiple stages
• Compute costs and profitability for multiple business objectives:
• Customers, products, services, activities, etc.
• Use scenarios to evaluate alternate approaches
Improve Profit Decisions Through Better Visibility
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
PlanningPlanning
Capital AssetsPlanning
Workforce Planning
Long-Term Financial Planning
FinancialDetail
OperationalDetail
Predictive Modeling & Simulation
OperationalRevenue & Cost
Modeling
Planning, Budgeting & Forecasting
Functional Plans
ProjectPlanning
MarketingPlanning
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
PlanningPlanningAccelerate the Planning & Forecasting Process
• Centralized system
• Align top-down and bottom-up
• Consistent assumptions
• Common allocations & calculations
• Integrated Operational Planning to address in-depth revenue and margin planning
• Purpose-built Capital Assets and Workforce planning modules for fast deployment
• Powerful workflow and process management for budgeting and forecasting
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning
Predictive Modeling & Simulation
CorporateDevelopment
Value Management
Long-Term Financial Planning
Treasury Strategies
Planning, Budgeting & Forecasting
What-if Analysis
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Strategic PlanningStrategic PlanningAccounting Integrity and Modeling Speed
• Integrated financial statements
• Project shareholder value
• Run unlimited scenarios
• Consolidate multiple business combinations
• Evaluate strategic projects
• Simulate effects of M&A
• Debt Scheduling
• Optimize capital structure
I Sistemi di Enterprise I Sistemi di Enterprise Performance ManagementPerformance Management
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Enterprise Performance MgtEnterprise Performance Mgt
Enterprise Performance Management è una disciplina che si propone i seguenti obiettivi:
Collegare le strategie ai piani e alla loro esecuzione Monitorare i risultati finanziari e operativi rispetto agli
obiettivi e applicare strumenti di analisi per: Indirizzare il miglioramento delle performance
aziendali
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Enterprise Performance MgtEnterprise Performance Mgt
Common Integration & AnalysisData Quality and Consistent Dimensions
Common Reporting & Interaction
Strategy Management
Financial Close
Planning & Forecasting
Profitability Management
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Quali strumenti? Excel... Quali strumenti? Excel... …is a Good Departmental Tool, but…
• Disconnected
• Data Security Risks
• Error-prone
• Doesn’t scale
• No controls / audit trails
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
We typically look at more than two dimensions (multi-dimensional)
So what do we do?– Add more column headers!
In our example:– “Total” Market BY “Total”
Product, Actual Sales for Qtr1 = 95,820
Creates HEADACHES!
MeasuresMeasures
TimeTime
ScenarioScenario
MarketMarketProductProduct
… but business is more than two dimensions?
...è fra gli strumenti più utilizzati ...è fra gli strumenti più utilizzati
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Multi-Dimensional = Multi-Sheet…
Add a sheet for each market– 4 Markets + Total = 5 Sheets
The problem exacerbates…
Market(s)Market(s)
... ma può diventare... ... ma può diventare...
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Multi-Sheet = NightMare How about by Product and by Market?
– 5 Markets BY 500 Products = 2500 Sheets! What about by Industry too?
Welcome to “Spreadsheet Hell”
... un incubo!... un incubo!
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
... Quindi ?... Quindi ?The Solution: Eradicate the Spreadsheet Hell
• Use the same familiar tools, Excel, Word, PowerPoint
• Achieve Speed of Thought response time
• Benefit from a centralized enterprise-scale solution
Oracle EssbaseOracle Essbase
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
OLAP OLAP
Highly Efficient Data Storage Very Fast Data Access and
Retrieval Data Organized in
Dimensional Model, Easy for End-users to Understand
Creates new Information via “Write-back” to Power What-if Scenarios
Powerful Dimensional Calculation Engine
On Line Analytical Processing
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Oracle EPMOracle EPM
• Hyperion Financial Management
• Financial Close Management• Disclosure Management• GRC Manager• GRC Intelligence
• Hyperion Planning• Workforce Planning• Capital Asset Planning• Integrated Operational
Planning• Public Sector Planning
Financial Close Planning and Forecasting
Strategic Planning
Profitability Management• Hyperion Profitability and
Cost Management
Financial Data Quality
Management
Essbase
Data Relationship Management
• Hyperion Strategic Finance• Hyperion Scorecard• Crystal Ball
Shared Components
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Oracle Essbase...Oracle Essbase...
Powerful Calculator• Hundreds of built in functions and algorithms• Trending• Goal seeking• Procedural calculations
Financial Intelligence• Critical for Variance Analysis, understands better /
(worse) • Essbase understands Financial Data and Calculations• Time Balances
Time Intelligence• Time Series calculations are hard to do • Yet, an extremely common BI requirement• Essbase makes it very easy at any level, any
dimension, for any type of calendar
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Alcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPMAlcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPM
Before
• 20 days to close
• Lengthy year-end reporting
• Costly financial reporting process
• 78 charts of accounts
• Widely varying reporting definitions and procedures
After
• 5 days to close
• Global consolidation across 58
lines of business
• Global forecasting and reporting
solution for 1,000+ users
• Minutes to access information
The world’s leading producer of primary aluminum with $23.5 billion in revenues with operations in 43 countries and 350 locations. Alcoa has over 131,000 employees.
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Fortune 500 energy company and nation’s leading supplier of competitive electricity to large commercial and industrial customers.
Before
Took days to run new 5-year long-range plan scenarios using Excel
Lack of fully integrated financial scenarios between debt pay downs, share buy-backs and investments in long-term capital projects
No integration between FP&A and Treasury models
After
Cash-flow models in hours, not days
Sensitivity analysis on cash-flow and treasury scenarios
Strategic use of funds across debt, equity and capital projects
Alcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPMAlcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPM
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
World's 5th largest Airline, celebrating its 75th anniversary in 2009
Operates 2,750 daily departures;133 domestic, 132 international destinations
Named Fortune magazine No1 World's Most Admired Airline
Before
30% of FP&A time spent on data management
Thousands of spreadsheets exist with embedded calculations, macros & links
Excessive review time and multiple iterations due to extended budget cycle
Security issues with having data residing in offline Excel spreadsheets
After
Move to a 18 month rolling forecast to allow for shorter budgeting process
Replaced 1000’s of excel spreadsheets
Web-based data entry for Workforce Planning (Mgmt, Reservations agents)
Enabled for local currency input and automated currency translation
Driver-based calculations using Operational Statistics
Alcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPMAlcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPM
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Regional bank serving 19 Western and Midwestern states and 4 million households. Over $60B in assets with more than 10,000 employees.
Before
IT resources demand exceeded capacity for profitability reporting
Needed business users to drive profitability modeling
Lack of insight how shared costs impacted economics of the business
Challenge to optimize product mix that maximizes bank profitability
After
Minimal IT involvement
Easy integration into EPM system infrastructure
Ability to offer a basket of products by mixing and matching products according to customer demographics
Benchmarking costs for developing and marketing new products
Alcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPMAlcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPM
Luca Spreafico Universita’ di Pavia – 25 novembre 2011
Before
The annual SOX assessment process was primarily managed through the use of Excel spreadsheets, Word documents, PowerPoint presentations.
Time consuming analysis and development of statistics reports for each reporting cycle
Limited ongoing visibility
After
Reduce top down risk assessment process by over 2,000 hours per year
Standardize GRC content globally Reduce testing expense by 30% Increased management visibility into
high risk areas Improved the close process
World’s pre-eminent gold producer, with a portfolio of 27 operating mines in 5 continents. Risk assessment dashboards with consolidated account balance by entity from Hyperion Financial Management and risk ratings from control evaluation in Oracle GRC Manager
Alcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPMAlcuni utilizzatori dei prodotti EPM