dspace.nplg.gov.gedspace.nplg.gov.ge/.../SaqartvelosSagareoPolitikaDaDiplomatia_Tom… · 2...

1

eldar mamisTvaliSviliF

ELDAR MAMISTVALISHVILI

saqarTvelos sagareo

politika da diplomatia

(brZola sarwmunoebisa da erovnuli

damoukideblobis dacvisaTvis. XVI-XVIII ss.)

FOREIGN POLICY AND DIPLOMACY

OF GIORGIA

(the fight for the defense of faith and national

independence. XVI – XVIII centuries)

III

Tbilisi

2019

2

XVII-XVIII saukuneTa feodaluri xanis qarTul samefo-

samTavroebis istoria, aris brZola sarwmunoebis siwmindis,

eklesiis damoukideblobisa da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis

SenarCunebisaTvis, romelic warimarTeboda sxvadasxva mimar-

TulebiT da sxvadasxva formiT. gamokveTili iyo, agreTve,

qveynis SigniT samefoebisa da samTavroebis `sagareo~ poli-

tika erTmaneTis mimarT, romelic xSirad mezobeli didi

saxelmwifoebis provocirebas axdenda maTi agresiuli zrax-

vebis gansaxorcieleblad romelime politikuri erTeulis

an, saerTod, mTeli saqarTvelos mimarT. saqarTvelos mTli-

anobaSi, metnaklebad, uxdeboda Siituri iranis, sunituri os-

maleTis, marTlmadidebluri ruseTisa da kaTolikuri evro-

pis geopolitikuri da ekonomikuri interesebis winaaRmdeg

brZola an gaTvaliswineba, rac mniSvnelovan daRs asvamda

qveynis cxovrebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebas.

wigni sasargeblo iqneba aRniSnuli periodis istoriis

mkvlevarebis, studentebisa da rigiTi mkiTxvelebisaTviss.

The history of Georgian Kingdoms and Chiefdoms of feudal Georgia of

XVII – XVIII centuries is a struggle for faith holiness, independence of the

church and maintaining of national originality, which had different trends

and forms. The “foreign” policy of Kingdoms and Chiefdoms inside the

country against each other also stood out. The big neighbor kingdoms often

provoked their aggressive intensions either against a political unit or

generally, against the whole of Georgia. Georgian people, more or less, had to

fight against geopolitical and economic interests of Shia Iran, Sunni Ottoman,

Orthodox Russia and Catholic Europe, and it left an important mark on the

country`s life and its further development.

The book will be of interest to the history researchers of the

mentioned period, students and ordinary readers.

3

èse ars sarwmunoebaჲ marTali naTesavisa Cue-

nisaჲ. da raJams erTgzis gჳcnobies, arRara midrekil

varT marcxl, gina marjul da arca misdrkebiT, Tu

RmerTsa undes~

giorgi mTawmindeli

`qarTlisa mSvidobisa, sazRvarTa ganmagrebisa,

mefeTa da mTavarTa dawynarebisa, mterTa garemoqcevisa,

tyueTa moqcevisa, JamTa dawynarebisa da qristianebisa

damtkicebisaTvis~

sinaze moRvawe qarTvelTa vedrebidan

àmToni ryeva eyofa sawyalobels saqarTvelos~

garsevan WavWavaZe

4

Sesavali......................... saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba XVI saukuneSi.....

kaTolike moRvaweTa gegmebi kaTolikobis

gavrcelebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi (XVII s. I

mesamedi)......

romis eklesiis warmomadgenelTa saqmianoba

saqarTveloSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebisaTvis

Teimuraz I-is dros.............................

kastelis naxatebi _ saqarTvelos istoriis

mniSvnelovani furclebi

don kristoforo de kasteli da elene aTabagi `safrangeTis, poloneTis da saqarTvelos elCebis

banketi konstantinopolSi. 1657 w.~ .................... qarTveli `muslimani~ mefeebis diplomatia

rostom mefis diplomatia.......................... vaxtang V Sahnavazis diplomatia....................

giorgi XI-is diplomatia........................... `muslimani~ erekle I da arTlmadidebloba........... ierusalimis patriarqi dosiTeos II notara

saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobaSi (XVII s.

dasasruli _ XVIII s. pirveli aTwledi).....................

vaxtang VI-is sagareo politika da diplomatia ramdenime Strixi patriarq dosiTeosis da janiSin

vaxtang VI-is urTierTobidan.................. vaxtang VI-is iranTan da ruseTTan urTierTobis

gakveTilebi............... vaxtang VI-is urTierToba avstriasTan da

romTan.............. vaxtang VI-is urTierToba safrangeTTan............... vaxtang VI-is urTierToba ruseTTan....................... pasuxi imperatrica ekaterine I-is saxeliT saqarT-

velos marTvelis husein–yuli-xanis [vaxtang VI] mosaz-rebebze ..............

5

vaxtang VI-is diplomati _ sulxan-saba orbeli-

ani

ratom `gaipara~ sulxan-saba evropaSi? ..................... sulxan-sabas mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis

sakiTxisaTvis .......................... wyaroebi sulxan-sabas religiuri orientaciis Se-

saxeb.................. zogadi kaTolikobisadmi damokidebuleba

sulxansabamdel saqarTveloSi..................

sulxan-sabas damokidebuleba kaTolikebTan misive monaTxrobis mixedviT .....................

politikuri viTareba saqarTveloSi sulxan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebamde.............................

vaxtangis damokidebuleba ZmebTan...................

sulxan-sabas gamgzavreba evropaSi................

sulxan-sabas da Jan riSaris Sexvedra gorSi.............. sulxan-sabam evropaSi gamgzavreba gadawyvita

gorSi............. sulxan-saba marselSi................. sulxan-saba parizSi.................. sulxan-saba romSi............... sulxan-sabas dabruneba samSobloSi............... kaTalikos domenti IV-is portretisaTvis...........

kaxTa mefe konstantine II sagareo politika da

diplomatia ..............

givi II amilaxvari _ politikuri moRvawe da

dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebis meTauri ....

anton I-is mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis

politikuri safarveli.................

kaTolikobisadmi sxvadasxva midgoma

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saSinao da

sagareo politikaSi .......................

saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis zogadi

daxasiaTeba ........................

6

imereTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis

SeTanxmebuli sagareo politika da diplomatia

(XVIII s. 50-60-ani wlebis pirveli naxevari)................ .

saqarTvelo da ruseT-osmaleTis omi

(1768-1774)....

ekaterine II-is generali totlebeni saqarTve-loSi...........

ekaterine II-is generali suxotini

saqarTveloSi............... solomon I-sa da erekle II-is mokavSireobis

aRdgena.......... ruseT-TurqeTis omis (1768-1774) dasruleba da

saqarTvelo............ diplomati garsevan WavWavaZe da mitropoliti

paisiosi.................

bibliogafia ........................................

reziume ....................................

saxelTa saZiebeli........................................

7

Sesavali

XVI-XVIII saukuneTa feodaluri xanis qarTuli

samefo-samTavroebis istoria, ZiriTadad warmoadgens

brZolas sarwmunoebis siwmindis, eklesiis damoukideb-

lobisa da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaT-

vis, romelic warimarTeboda sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT

da sxvadasxva formiT.

aRniSnuli periodis samefo-samTavroebis sagareo

orientaciaSi arsebobda sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: 1.

urTierToba maxlobeli aRmosavleTis or muslimanuri

saxelmwifosTan _ iranTan da osmaleTTan; 2. urTier-

Toba ruseTis marTlmadideblur saxelmwifosTan; 3.

urTierToba kaTolikur evropasTan; 4. gamokveTili iyo

agreTve qveynis SigniT samefoebisa da samTavroebis `sa-

gareo~ politika erTmaneTis mimarT, romelic xSirad

mezobeli didi saxelmwifoebis provocirebas iwvevda

maTi agresiuli zraxvebis gansaxorcieleblad saqarT-

velos romelime politikuri erTeulis an mTeli qve-

ynis mimarT.

***

saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis Sida politikur

cxovrebaSi marTlmadideblobis siwmindis dacvis saba-

biT mourideblad ereodnen antioqiisa da ierusalimis

patriarqebi1. igive motivi, gansxvavebuli politikuri

1 ierusalimis da antioqis patriarqebis saqmianoba saqarTve-

loSi gadmocemuli maqvs specialur naSromebSi: saqarTve-

lo-ierusalimis urTierTobis istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.),

Tbilisi, 2008; qarTuli da antioqiis eklesiebis istorii-

dan. ìstoriani~, roin metrevelisadmi miZRvnili krebuli,

Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 251-272.

8

miznebidan gamomdinare, edo safuZvlad romis papebis

urTierTobas saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebTan da kaTo-

like misionerebis moRvaweobas qveynis sxvadasxva mxa-

reSi.

didi mniSvneloba hqonda kaTolikur misias saqar-

Tvels sagareo urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT XVII-XVIII

saukuneebSi. faqtobrivad, es iyo evropis qveynebidan

(vatikanis) erTaderTi, mudmivi diplomatiuri warmomad-

genloba (Tumca mas aseTi saxeliT arasodes moixse-

niebdnen), romelic kaTolikobis propagandasTan erTad

agrovebda dawvrilebiT informacias qarTveli xalxis

cxovrebasa da saqmianobaze (sanimuSod ix. pietro dela

vales mier 1626 wels SemuSavebuli specialuri inst-

ruqcia kaTolike misionerebisaTvis 12 muxlad), romel-

sac misiis xelmZRvanelebi _ prefeqtebi regularulad

agzavnidnen 1622 wels daarsebul wminda kongregacia

`de propaganda fideSi~. qarTveli mefe-mTavrebi misiis

warmomadgenlebs _ misionerebs zogjer diplomatiuri

davalebebiT agzavnidnen evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi1.

saqarTvelos romTan da misi saxiT kaTolikur sam-

yarosTan urTierTobas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs, rome-

lic SeiZleba pirobiTad gavyoT oTx periodad:

I. 1054 wlis saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde saqarTve-

los da romis eklesiis urTierTobaze msjeloba ara-

pirdapir, fragmentul cnobebzea damyarebuli da Ziri-

Tadad, gamoTqmulia varaudebi.

1 wminda kongregacia `de propaganda fides~ daarsebisa da mu-

Saobis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. papaSvili m., saqarTvelo-romis

urTierToba VI-XX ss., Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 126-142; qorTua z.,

XVII saukunis qarTuli diplomatiuri samsaxuris istoriid-

an //goris saxelmwifo universitetis SromaTa krebuli, I,

istoriis seria, 2001, gv. 64-65.

9

II. XI-XIV ss. am dros qarTuli saxelmwifo aris

evropis saxelmwifoebis Tanaswori politikuri da sam-

xedro partniori. papebi qarTvel mefeebsa da eklesiis

meTaurebs Txoven (!) jvarosnuli moZraobisadmi Seiara-

Rebuli ZaliT daxmarebasa da eklesiebis gaerTianebas,

magram jer kidev gamokveTilad ar Cans eklesiebs So-

ris winaaRmdegobis mizezebi1.

III. XV-XVI ss. aqamomde (ferara-florenciis kreba-

mde) oficialurad ar fiqsirdeboda uTanxmoeba dog-

matur sakiTxebze qarTul da romaul eklesiebs Sor-

is, Tumca politikuri mosazrebiT, qarTveli politiko-

sebi, oficialurad arc amis Semdeg acxadebdnen or ek-

lesias Soris im xasiaTis ganxeTqilebaze, rogoric iyo

konstantinopol-ierusalimisa da romis eklesiebs So-

ris. qarTuli saxelmwifoebisa da eklesiis warmomadge-

nlebi arasodes kicxavdnen romis eklesiasa da paps,

Tumca am periodSi kvlav saxezea romis warmomadgen-

lebis warumatebeli mcdeloba gaavrcelon kaTolikoba

marTlmadidebel qarTvelebs Soris.

IV. XVII _ XVIII s. es is periodia, rodesac aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelo evropis saxelmwifoebsa da romis

paps Txovda samxedro daxmarebas mezobeli muslima-

nuri saxelmwifoebisagan dacvisaTvis. axla ukve daxma-

rebis dapirebis an mis gareSe, kaTolikuri evropa da

misi meTauri romis papi moiTxoven (!) qarTvelebis mier

kaTolikobis aRiarebas da romis papis uzenaesobis

cnobas. am periodSi gamokveTilad gamoCnda qarTveli

mefe-mTavrebisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili da-

mokidebuleba romis eklesisadmi, xelisuflebisa da

1 saqarTvelo–romis urTierTobis I-II periodis Sesaxeb ix. ma-

misTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da dipl-

omatia, IV (saqarTvelo da jvarosnebi), Tbilisi, 2014.

10

politikosebis ormagi standarti _ kaTolikobis momx-

reoba kaTolikur qveynebTan diplomatiuri urTier-

Tobisas; kaTolikebis devna-Seviwroeba qveynis SigniT

marTlmadidebel qarTvelebSi kaTolikobis gavrcele-

bis maTi yoveli mcdelobisas.

*** saqarTvelo-evropis urTierTobiT, saqarTveloSi

kaTolikobis gavrcelebiT da kaTolike misionerebis

moRvaweobiT, qarTveli istorikosebisa da sazogadoeb-

is daintereseba daiwyo XIX s. meore naxevarSi erovn-

ul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolis gaaqtiurebasTan erT-

ad. saWiro iyo Sinauri Tu ucxo oponentebisaTvis imis

damtkiceba, rom saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi odiTganve

dakavSirebuli iyvnen qristianul, ekonomikurad da po-

litikurad, samxedro da kulturulad mowinave evropis

saxelmwifoebTan.

radgan winamdebare monografia mniSvnelovanwilad

efuZneba vatikanis arqivSi dacul saarqivo masalebs da

asaxavs saqarTvelo-romis intensiur urTierTobas, ami-

tom specialurad unda SevCerdeT qarTuli istorio-

grafiis am umniSvnelovanes sakiTxze.

bunebrivia ibadeba interesi imis gasarkvevad, ori

eklesiis, ufro sworad ori _ dasavlur romaul-kaTo-

likuri da aRmosavlur berZnul-marTlmadidebluri ek-

lesiis dapirispirebis dros, rogori iyo qarTul-marT-

lmadidebluri eklesiis pozicia, ixreboda igi romeli-

me mxarisken Tu icavda neitralitets?

saqarTvelos romTan da misi saxiT kaTolikur sam-

yarosTan urTierTobas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs, rome-

lic SeiZleba pirobiTad gavyoT oTx periodad:

I. 1054 wlis saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde saqarTve-

los da romis eklesiis urTierTobaze msjeloba ara-

11

pirdapir, fragmentul cnobebzea damyarebuli, amis

gamo, ZiriTadad, gamoTqmulia varaudebi.

II. XI-XIV ss. am dros qarTuli saxelmwifo aris

evropis saxelmwifoebis Tanaswori politikuri da sam-

xedro partniori. papebi qarTvel mefeebsa da eklesiis

meTaurebs Txoven (!) jvarosnuli moZraobisadmi Seiara-

Rebuli ZaliT daxmarebasa da eklesiebis gaerTianebas1,

magram jer kidev gamokveTilad ar Cans eklesiebs So-

ris winaaRmdegobis mizezebi.

III. XV-XVI ss. aqamomde (ferara-florenciis kreba-

mde) oficialurad ar fiqsirdeboda uTanxmoeba dog-

matur sakiTxebze qarTul-romaul eklesiebs Soris, Tu-

mca politikuri mosazrebiT, qarTveli politikosebi,

oficialurad arc amis Semdeg acxadeben or eklesias

Soris im xasiaTis ganxeTqilebaze, rogoric iyo kons-

tantinopol-ierusalimisa da romis eklesiebs Soris. qar-

Tuli saxelmwifosa da eklesiis warmomadgenlebi araso-

des kicxaven romis eklesiasa da paps, Tumca am peri-

odSi kvlav saxezea romis warmomadgenlebis waruma-

tebeli mcdeloba gaavrcelon marTlmadidebel qarT-

velebs Soris kaTolikobi.

IV. XVII _ XVIII s. es is periodia, rodesac aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelo evropis saxelmwifoebsa da romis

paps Txovs samxedro daxmarebas mezobeli muslimanuri

saxelmwifoebisagan dacvisaTvis. axla ukve daxmarebis

dapirebis an mis gareSe, kaTolikuri evropa da misi me-

1 pirveli dokumenti romelSic aris papis mowodeba saqarTve-

los eklesiis romis eklesiasTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb, moce-

mulia pap grigol IX-is mefe rusudanisadmi gagzavnil we-

rilSi, romelic daTariRebulia 1240 wlis 13 ianvriT. Tama-

raSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, tfi-

lisi, 1902, gv. 14-17.

12

Tauri romis papi moiTxoven (!) qarTvelebis mier kaTo-

likobis aRiarebas da romis papis uzenaesobis cnobas.

am periodSi gamokveTilad gamoCnda qarTveli mefe-mTa-

vrebisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili damokidebu-

leba romis eklesisadmi, xelisuflebisa da politiko-

sebis ormagi standarti _ kaTolikobis momxreoba ka-

Tolikur qveynebTan diplomatiuri urTierTobisas, ka-

Tolikebis devna-Seviwroeba qveynis SigniT maT mier ma-

rTlmadidebel qarTvelebSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebis

yoveli mcdelobisas.

*** saqarTvelo-evropis urTierTobiT, saqarTveloSi

kaTolikobis gavrcelebiT da kaTolike misionerebis

moRvaweobiT, qarTveli istorikosebisa da sazogadoeb-

is daintereseba daiwyo XIX s. meore naxevarSi erov-

nul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolis gaaqtiurebasTan er-

Tad. saWiro iyo Sinauri Tu ucxo oponentebisaTvis

imis damtkiceba, rom saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi odiT-

ganve dakavSirebuli iyvnen qristianul, ekonomikurad

da politikurad, samxedro da kulturulad mowinave

evropis saxelmwifoebTan.

dasaxuli mizani dRis wesrigSi ayenebda Sesabamisi

wyaroebis moZiebas, damuSavebasa da gamoqveynebas. pirve-

li, vinc saqarTvelos Sesaxeb evropuli wyaroebis qar-

Tveli mkiTxvelisaTvis gacnoba daiwyo, iyo g. yazbegi.

man sazRvargareT yofnis dros (1863-1864) moiZia zogi-

erTi masala, romlis garkveuli nawilis mimoxilva ru-

sul enaze gamoaqveyna 1867-1868 wlebSi. aqedan gansakuT-

rebiT aRsaniSnavia italielebis cnobebi kavkasiaze1.

1 Казбек Г., Итальянцы о Кавказе. «Кавказ», 1867, т. 4, 6, 35, 36, 40,

41, 42, 54; 1868, т. 72, 73, 75, 78.

13

1885 wels, imave gazeTSi T. Jordaniam gamoaqveyna sakma-

od kritikuli statia kaTolike misionerTa saqarTve-

loSi mosvlis miznebsa da zraxvebze, aRniSna is mizez-

ebi, romlebmac Seaferxa romis papebis warmomadgen-

lebis saqmianoba1; 1891 wels ericovma gamoaqveyna vrce-

li werili kaTolikobaze saqarTveloSi2; 1898 wels za-

qaria WiWinaZem gamosca luka isarlovis broSura

`kaTolikeni saqarTveloSi~3; mniSvnelovani iyo z. WiWi-

naZis popularuli naSromebi4.

polemikuri xasiaTis statia gamoaqveyna al. xaxana-

Svilma 1901 wels5. igi akritikebda vinme saruxans, rome-

lsac miaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi kaTolikebis umrav-

lesobas somxebi Seadgendnen.

evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb daculi cnobebis gamovlenasa da Seswavlis sa-

qmeSi udidesi roli Seasrula SesaniSnavma qarTvelma

sasuliero da sazogado moRvawem, didma patriotma m.

TamaraSvilma6.

1 Жордания Ф., Исторический очерк пропаганды католицизма в Гру-

зии. «Кавказ», 1885, №10. 2 Ерицов, Католицизм в Грузии. ~Новое обозрение~, 1891. 3 isarlovi l., kaTolikeni saqarTvelosi, Tfilisi, 1898. 4 WiWinaZe z., umTavresi mizezebi saqarTvelos mimarT romis yuradRebisa da goreli patri tulukaanT daviTa, Tfilisi,

1898; misive, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb evropel moZRvarTa da

mogzaurTa cnobebi. vaxtang mefis werilebi safrangeTis me-fesTan. mefe erekles miwer-mowera inglisis warmomadgenel-

Tan da qarTveli kaTolikeni. gamocema z. WiWinaZisa, Tfili-

si, 1900. 5 Хаханов А. С., Ест ли грузино-католики? (Вопрос и ответ г. Сару-

ханову) // Богословский вестник, 1901, т. 2, №5, с. 163-180. 6 m. TamaraSvili z. WiWinaZes werda: `saqarTvelodan wamosv-

lisTanave aRvibeWde gulSi, rom saqarTvelos Soridan Sev-

14

misi wignSi1, Tavmoyrilia uamravi dokumenti, amo-

naridebi kaTოlike misionerebis relaciebidan, naratiu-

li Txzulebebidan da sxvadasxva enaze arsebuli wigne-

bidan, umniSvnelovanesia saqarTvelo-evropis urTierT-

obis, Sidapolitikuri cxvrebis, saqarTveloSi kaToli-

kobis gavrcelebisa da kaTolike misionerebis moRvawe-

obis istoriis Sesaswavlad.

ìstoria kaTolikobisa~, rogorc, m. TamaraSvili

aRniSnavda, gamoica somexi mwerlebisa da istorikoseb-

is azris gasabaTileblad da qarTvel mefe-ierarqTa

da, saerTod, qarTvelTa romis eklesiisadmi midrekile-

bis dasamtkiceblad. amjerad saintereso problemis Se-

swavlisaTvis aseve uaRresad mniSvnelovania m. Tamara-

Svilis mier frangul enaze gamoqveynebuli fundamentu-

ri naSromi2, romelic qarTulad iTargmna da gamoqveyn-

da 1995 wels3.

m. TamaraSvilma rom udidesi wvlili Seitana saq-

arTvelos saSinao da sagareo urTierTobis istoriis

SeswavlaSi, udavoa, magram sadaoa misi mTeli rigi de-

bulebebi saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobisa da kaTolike

misionerebis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. misi weodi. amis gamo pirvelad mivel romSi Tu ara, daviwye sa-

qarTvelos gacnoba maRal sxvadasxva wodebis pirebTan... ma-

Sinve daviwye Zebna da Semokrefa qarTvelobaze sxvadasxva

cnobebisa, rac ki evropaSi dauweriaT saqarTveloze~. Llom-saZe S., miqel TamaraSvili, Tbilisi, 1964, gv. 19.

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

Tfilisi, 1902. 2 Tamarati M., L'Eglise Georgienne des origines jusqu'et nos jours. Rome: So-

ciete Typographico-Editrice Romaine, 1910. 3 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde / re-

daqcia gaukeTes, winasityvaoba daurTes da gamosacemad moa-

mzades z. aleqsiZem da j. odiSelma, Tbilisi, 1995.

15

damokidebuleba sakvlevi sakiTxisadmi ganpirobebuli

iyo ori mniSvnelovani garemoebiT _ aRmsareblobiTa

da patriotizmiT. m. TamaraSvili kaTolike iyo da imave

dros Tavis samSoblosadmi siyvaruliT gamsWvaluli.

amasTan erTad aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom m. Ta-

maraSvilis koncefciam seriozuli gavlena moaxdina

Semdgomi periodis mkvlevrebis SexedulebaTa formire-

basa da kaTolike misionerTa moRvaweobis Sefasebaze.

Zalian xSirad faqtebis Sefaseba da daskvnebi ufro em-

ociuria da ganxilulia konfesiuri interesebiT, vidre

movlenebisa da faqtebis analizze damyarebuli.

m. TamaraSvils, rom ZiriTadad ainteresebda saqar-

TverloSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebis istoriis Seswav-

liT, amaze igi Tavisi wignis winasityvaobaSi pirdapir

miuTiTebda. am interesidan gamomdinare, m. TamaraSvili

sabuTebs arCevda da xSirad kvecda1.

pirveli vinc kritikuli Sefaseba misca m. TamaraS-

vilis zogierT mosazrebas, iyo iv. javaxiSvili. man m.

TamaraSvili `kaTolike mecnierad~ moixsenia maSin, ro-

desac ixilavda mis mosazrebas qarTuli da romauli

eklesiebis SeerTebis Sesaxeb. m. TamaraSvilis aRmsa-

reblobaze xazgasmiT iv. javaxiSvili mis tendenciu-

robaze mianiSnebda2.

t. kasraZis SefasebiT, `TamaraSvilis mizani, qarT-vel kaTolikeTa arsebobis dasabuTeba iyo, ris gamoc avtoris mier gazviadeba qarTvelebis kaTolikobisadmi midrekilebisa, nawilobriv amiT aris gamowveuli. amis gamo misi Sroma Zvirfasi da dasafasebeli masSi moTa-

1 maisuraZe i., istorikosi miqel TamaraSvili, `mnaTobi~, Tbi-

lisi, 1958, #7, gv. 129. 2 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, III, Tbilisi, 1966,

gv. 111.

16

vsebuli propagandis sabuTebiT aris da ara avtoris debulebebiT, romlebic metad subieqturia~1.

afasebs ra m. TamaraSvilis ìstorias kaTolikobisa

qarTvelTa Soris~, k. kekeliZe aRniSnavda, rom igi `Tavi-sufali ar aris konfesiuri tendeciebisagan. am Sromis avtori exeba sakiTxs, sxvaTa Soris, imis Sesaxebac, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda kaTolikeTa misias qarTuli kulturisaTvis, da im daskvnamde midis, rom e. w. àRorZi-nebis~ qarTuli kulturisa da mwerlobis ganviTareba gamowveuli iyo, Tu mTlianad ara `mniSvnelovnad mainc, kaTolike misionerTa moRvaweobiT CvenSi. ramdenadac am Sromam Tavis dros xeli Seuwyo kaTolikuri misiis saqmianobis isedac idealizebuli warmodgenis gazvi-

adebas CvenSi, saWiroa ganvixiloT saqmis namdvili vi-

Tareba~2. Semdeg k. kekeliZe asaxelebs im misiebs, ro-

melTa saqmianobasac aSuqebda Tavis wignSi m. TamaraS-

vili, aRniSnavda rogor imedebs amyarebdnen romis pap-

ze qarTveli politikuri moRvaweni gareSe mtrebisagan

Tavdacvis saqmeSi. k. kekeliZe `daxelovnebul agentebs~ uwodebs, TavianTi relaciebiTa da TxzulebebiT ka-

rgad cnobil kaTolike misionerebs, romlebic mosax-

leobis TavianT mxares gadabirebis mizniT ra meTode-

bsa da xerxebs mimarTavdnen. `misionerTa da maT mier monadirebul pirTa aseT moRvaweobasa da saqmianobas ar hqonia da arc SeeZlo hqonoda raime mniSvnelovani gavlena qarTuli mwerlobis zrda ganviTarebaze, vinai-

dan yvelafer amas gasavali mxolod garkveul viwro

1 kasraZe t., romis propaganda da kaTolikuri misiebi saqarT-

veloSi. sadisertacio naSromi i.m.k xarisxis mosapoveblad,

Tbilisi, 1947, gv. 14. 2 kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tbilisi,

1960, gv. 76-77.

17

wreSi hqonda, farTo popularobiT is ar sargeblobda, miT umetes, rom politikuri imedebi, romelTac mision-erTa saqmianobaze amyarebdnen CvenSi, efemeruli da uniadago aRmoCnda. misionerTa saqmianoba marTla ise ki ar unda warmovidginoT, rogorc m. TamaraSvils aqvs daxatuli, TiTqos isini araviTar ideur winaaRmde-

gobas ar xvdebodnen saqarTveloSi Tavisi zraxvebis ganxorcielebisas. piriqiT, maT moRvaweobas, praqtikul-

sa Tu literaturuls, Taviseburi reaqcia gamouwvevia qarTvelTa Soris~1.

ixilavda ra qarTvel marTlmadidebelTa kaToli-

kobisadmi damokidebulebis sakiTxs, v. gabaSvili aRniS-

navda, rom saqarTvelos arakeTilmosurneebs, maT Soris

Sah-abass, surda am procesisaTvis xelis Sewyoba, raTa

qarTvelTa gakaTolikebiT gawyvetiliyo kavSiri saqar-

Tvelosa da kaTolikobis sastik mowinaaRmdege ruseTs

Soris2. v. gabaSvili m. TamaraSvilis mimarT gamoTqvam-

da sayvedurs: `sakiTxis es mxare garkveuli ara aqvs, da arc SeeZlo gaerkvia qarTuli kaTolikobis istoriis mkvlevars m. TamaraSvils. es ukanaskneli tendeciurad,

1 iqve, gv. 78-79. 2 a. kartaSevis TqmiT, berZnebma slavebs anderZad `damdable-

buli saRvTismetyvelo azri~ gadasces, ris gamoc àxalgaz-rda eklesiebis religiuri ganwyoba imTaviTve moiwamla la-

TinTa mtrobiT. mag., rusebs akrZaluli hqondaT ara mxol-

od danaTesaveba laTinebTan, aramed maTTan Wama-smac, xolo WurWeli, romlidanac isini Wamdnen da svamdnen, locviT

unda ganewmindaT, radgan gawarmarTebulad miaCndaT. maT

daijeres, rom laTinTa Seryvnili rwmena damRupveli iyo,

rom misi mimdevari ver ixilavda saukuno cxovrebas” karta-

Sevi a., eklesiaTa erToba istoriis gadmosaxedidan. ekle-

siis sazRvrebi, Tbilisi, 2000, gv. 40- 41.

18

konfesiuri TvalsazrisiT ekideboda vatikanis arqivSi dacul masalebs~1.

m. TamaraSvilis proromaul-kaTolikuri pozicia

mkacrad Seafasa o. JuJunaZem: ùnda aRvniSnoT mxolod, rom rogorc sasuliero pirs da kaTolikes m. TamaraS-vils saqarTvelosa da kaTolikur samyaros Soris ur-TierTobis Sesaxeb Tavisi koncefcia gaaCnda, romlis Ta-naxmad saqarTvelosa da roms Soris yovelTvis keTil-ganwyobili damokidebuleba sufevda da qarTuli eklesia araerTxel SeerTebula romis eklesiasTan. am koncefcias m. TamaraSvili xandaxan istoriuli WeSmaritebis Rala-tamdec ki mihyavda~2.

saqarTvelo-evropis urTierTobis amsaxveli masa-

lebis qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis gacnobaSi mniSvne-

lovani wvlili miuZRvis i. tabaRuas, romelmac aseve

evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi mopovebuli zogier-

Ti axali masla warmoaCina3, magram man gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba dauTmo m. TamaraSvilis mier gamoqveynebuli

1 gabaSvili v., qarTuli diplomatiis istoriidan (saqarT-velo da antiosmaluri koaliciebi XVI-XVII ss.) // masalebi

saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 31, Tbilisi,

1954, gv. 111. 2 JuJunaZe o., XV saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos sa-gareo politikis istoriisaTvis // qarTuli samefo-samTav-

roebis sagareo politikis istoriidan, I, Tbilisi, 1970, gv.

26. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi (XIII-

XVI ss.), Tbilisi, 1984; misive, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa

da wignsacavebSi (XIII-XX s-is pirveli meoTxedi) (1600-1628

ww.), II, Tbilisi, 1986; misive, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa

da wignsacavebSi (XIII-XX s-is pirveli meoTxedi), III (1628-

1633), Tbilisi, 1987.

19

dokumentebis Semowmebasa da gasworebas, Tumca ideur-

ad mis poziciaze darCa.

calke msjelobis sagania im mkvlevarTa midgoma m.

TamaraSvilis memkvidreobas ukritikod, dRevandeli po-

litikuri koniunqturis Sesabamisad rom ixilaven sa-

qarTvelo-dasavleT evropis urTierTobas mTel Sua

saukuneebSi da mxedvelobidan rCebaT qarTveli poli-

tikis mesveurebis pragmatizmi. Yyovelive amis Sesaxeb,

saWiroebis Sesabamisad, warmodgenilia winamdebare naS-

romSi.

20

saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba XVI saukuneSi

àm saukunem saqarTvelos didi da mravali gvari ubedureba daatexa Tavsa...~ werda miqel TamaraSvili1.

magram arc misi winamorbedi XV saukune iyo warmatebu-

li saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis gaRrmavebisaTvis.

maSin momxdar seriozuli movlenebi (ferara-floren-

ciis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebebma, e.w. antiosma-

lur koaliciaSi saqarTvelos CarTvis mcdelobam,

àntioqiis patriarq~ ludoviko bolonielis avantiuram

da kir nilos uSedego elCobam espaneTsa da romSi)

imiT damTavrda, rom sagrZnoblad Sesustda kontaqtebi

saqarTvelosa da roms Soris. aseTi mdgomareoba, damZi-

mebuli qristianobisaTvis uaryofiTi saerTaSoriso

procesebiTac, aisaxa saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobaze,

rac yvelaze naTlad gamoCnda maSin, rodesac ferara-

florenciis saeklesio krebis Semdeg, 1328 wels Tbi-

lisSi gadmotanili kaTolike episkoposis kaTedram ar-

seboba Sewyvita. aRsdga igi mxolod 1493 wels.

ZiriTadad, susti iyo saqarTvelo-romis urTier-

Toba XVI saukuneSi, rac aisaxa am periodis evropuli

wyaroebis simcireSic, Tumca es ar iTqmis amave saukun-

is 80-90-ian wlebze, e.w. iran-osmaleTis meore omis peri-

odze. wyaroebis simcire ganapiroba garTulebulma sae-

rTaSoriso viTarebam: osmalebis Seteva balkaneTisa da

aRmosavleT evropis qveynebze, mis mier savaWro-saqa-

ravno gzebis gadaketva.

radgan osmaleTi evropas utevda da irani da saqa-

rTvelo TavianT antiosmaluri samxedro moqmedebaSi

TavSekavebulni iyvnen, ufro sworad, irani aRmosavleT

1 TamaraSvili m., storia kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv.

69.

21

saqarTvelos dapyrobas lamobda, aseT viTarebaSi cent-

raluri evropis qveynebis interesi saqarTvelos mimarT

naklebi iyo.

qarTvelTa brZolam dampyroblebisgan Tavis dasa-

cavad, sakmaod seriozulad miipyro evropis saxelmwi-

foTaYmeTaurTa yuradReba maSin, rodesac osmaleTis

saxelmwifo Tavisi Zlierebis zenitisken midioda da se-

riozul xifaTs uqmnida centraluri da aRmosavleT

evropis qveynebs. konstantinopolis dapyrobis Semdeg,

mehmed II-m XV saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi balkaneTis na-

xevarkunZulze daipyro serbia, bosnia, hercogovina da

albaneTi, valaxeTi Caayena vasalur damokidebulebaSi.

70-ani wlebis Sua xanebSi Turqebma daipyres yirimi, qa-

laqi tana da venecielebs sabolood gadauketes aRmo-

savleTTan savaWro urTierTobis warmoebis saSualeba.

amave periodSi Turqebma daipyres trapizoni da TiTqmis

mTeli anatolia md. evfratamde. selim I-ma (1512-1520)

yuradReba gadaitana aRmosavleTisken da iranTan war-

matebuli omis Semdeg kavkasiaSi daipyro azerbaijani

da somxeTis nawili, saqarTvelos nawili, daRestani,

qurTistani, siria, egvipte. venecia iZulebuli gaxda

sulTnisTvis gadaexada yovelwliuri xarki, raTa See-

narCunebina kunZulebi _ kreta, kviprosi da sxva sam-

flobeloebi xmelTaSua zRvaSi.

imperia gansakuTrebiT gafarTovda suleiman I kanu-

nis dros (1520-1566). man daipyro belgradi da k. rodosi.

ungreTis didi nawili gadaiqca osmaleTis provinciad.

1526 wels suleimanma alya Semoartya venas, magram ver

aiRo, aRmosavleTSi daipyro baRdadi, Crdilo afrikaSi

tripoli da alJiri, mTeli arabeTis naxevarkunZuli.

suleimanis dros osmaleTi aqtiurad ereoda evro-

pul politikaSi. safrangeTis mefe francisk I-ma osma-

22

leTTan dado oficialuri kavSiri habsburgebis winaaR-

mdeg. sulTanma SeRavaTebi mianiWa safrangeTis vaWrebs.

osmalebis mier ganxorcielebul dapyrobiT omebs

aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qveynebisaTvis mxolod

politikuri xasiaTis garTulebebi ar axlda, gauares-

da maTi ekonomikuri mdgomareobac. aRmosavleTisa da

dasavleTis damakavSirebel gzebze osmalebis gabatone-

bam, evropis saxelmwifoebi aiZula daewyoT axali da

uxifaTo gzebis Zieba, rasac Sedegad mohyva e.w. didi

geografiuli aRmoCenebi. am procesma Zirfesvianad Secva-

la msoflio kavSirurTierTobis mTeli sistema. axalma

saerTaSoriso savaWro gzebma da kavSirurTierTobam

didi gavlena moaxdina mravali qveynis, maT Soris,

saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erT dros misadmi vasa-

lur damokidebulebaSi myofi, axla ukve gamuslimanebu-

li ori saxano _ Saqi da Sirvani emezobleboda. orive-

Si ganviTarebuli iyo abreSumis warmoeba, romlis pro-

duqtebic saerTaSoriso vaWrobis mniSvnelovan sagans

warmoadgenda. XV s. dasasrulsa da XVI s. dasawyisSi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefoebs _ qarTlsa da ka-

xeTs, keTilmezobluri urTierToba aRar hqondaT da-

saxelebul politikur erTeulebTan.

iran-osmaleTis meore omis dros saomari operaci-

ebi ZiriTadad saqarTvelos teritoriaze mimdinareob-

da. magram qarTveloba pasiuri damkvirvebeli ar iyo.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelo Cabmuli aRmoCnda osmaleTis

winaaRmdeg brZolaSi _ qarTlis samefo da samcxe-saa-

Tabago iaraRiT, kaxeTis samefo diplomatiuri saSua-

lebebiT.

garTulebuli sagareo urTierTobis erT-erTi mni-

Svnelovani momenti iyo is, rom Sesustda romTan da da-

23

savleT vropasTan urTierToba. gaZnelda kaTolike mi-

sionerebis saqarTveloSi moRvaweoba.

evropis saxelmwifoebs, rogorc maSindeli weri-

lobiTi wyaroebidan Cans, iranis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli

saqarTvelo ainteresebdaT imdenad, ramdenadac samxreT

kavkasiis am qriatianul qveyanasTan brZolaSi Cabmuli

irani seriozulad veRar abrkolebda osmaleTis agre-

sias samxreT-aRmosavleT evropisa da safrangeTis metoqe

habsburgebis imperiis winaaRmdeg. habsburgebis saxelm-

wifo, ungreTi da osmalebisagan jer kidev daupyrob-

eli balkaneTis xalxebi dainteresebuli iyvnenen im sa-

qarTveloTi, romelic iranTan erTad ibrZolebda osma-

leTis winaaRmdeg da, garkveuli gagebiT, mdgomareobas

Seumsubuqebda dasaxelebul qveynebsa da xalxebs.

amgvari dainteresebis gamoxatuleba iyo romis pap

pavle III-is mier 1545 wlis 17 ivliss qarTlis mefe lu-

arsabisaTvis naxWevanSi moRvawe wm. dominikes wesis

mRvdlebis _ dominikesa da batistas xeliT gagzavnili

epistole. batista daaxloebuli yofila qarTlis me-

fesTan, romelic icnobda wm. dominikes ordenis im wev-

rebsac, romlebic qarTlis samefoSi imyofebodnen.

epistoles adresati, marTalia, qarTlis mefea, mag-

ram masSi gamosWvivis kaTolikuri eklesiis meTauris

daintereseba da ganwyobileba mTeli saqarTvelos mimarT.

papis umTavresi mizani da mowodeba iyo kaTolikobis gavr-

celeba da papis uzenaesobis aRiareba saqarTveloSi.

romis agentebisa da qarTveli politikosebis mier mi-

wodebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, papi darwmunebuli

iyo, rom luarsab I RvTismosaobis erTgulebiTa da

aRfrTovanebiT Tayvans scemda romis wminda eklesias

da yvela eklesiis meTaurad mas aRiarebda. luarsabis

kaTolikobisadmi ganwyobilebas Turme iziarebdnen da-

savleT saqarTvelos (kokatis/quTaisis) patriarqi, ka-

24

xeTis (zagesis/zagemis) mefe levani, samcxis (kelsekis/-

axalcixis) mTavari yvaryvare1 da saqarTvelos qalaqe-

bisa da samefoebis warCinebuli mefeebi. papi, savara-

udoa, TiToeuli maTgansac analogiuri Sinaarsis weri-

lebs gaugzavnida.

papi qarTvel mbrZaneblebTan dakavSirebis survils

ayalibebda Semdegnairad: `qristes am erTaderT samwysoSi (romaul/kaTolikur eklesiaSi _ e.m.) gvsurs Seni da sxva qarTveli mefeebis Semosvla, yvela maTi da mTeli xalxis sulis sacxoneblad. amitom, ramdenadac Cven es SegviZlia, uflis mier mogiwodebT, raTa, rogorc er-Tia RmerTi da erTia naTlisReba, aseve yvela CvenTvis erTi iyos sarwmunoeba qristes samwysosi da viyoT wm. deda kaTolike eklesiis erTobaSi, raTa Tqvenc, CvenTan erTad da Cveni SemweobiT, advilad ewioT am bedniere-bas~2.

papi luarsab mefes Txovs romSi gagzavnos Tavisi

despanebi, raTa maTi saSualebiT mefis qveSevrdomni ga-

mocxaddnen romis eklesiisa da misi meTauris romis

papis Svilebad. papi luarsabs mouwodebs: àseve Seagu-liane zemoxsenebuli Seni mezobeli sami qarTveli me-

fec3, raTa Sens despanebTan erTad gamogzavnon Tavi-anTi despanebic da maTi saSualebiT morCileba aRuT-qvan romis wm. msoflio eklesias da Cven, romelic mas

1 igulisxmeba yvaryvare III (1516-1535), magram am dros aTabagia

qaixosro II. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I (XIII-XVI ss.), gv. 232; TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia

dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 71. 3 papi aTabagsac mefed moixseniebs.

25

ganvagebT. Tu Sen saWirod dainaxav, sxva mefeebsac ga-ugzavne am werilebis TiTo piri~1.

mjeravs, qarTvel politikosebi iTvaliswinebdnen

romis dainteresebas saqarTveloSi kaTolikobis gavr-

celebis Sesaxeb, amitom maT mier romSi gagzavnil

werilebSi (ar gamovricxav, kaTolike patrebi qarTu-

li samefo karis karnaxiTac werdnen) iyo Txovna, mezo-

beli muslimi mezoblebisagan TavdacvaSi daxmarebis

Sesaxeb da iqve aRniSnuli iyo qarTvelTa simpaTiebze

kaTolikuri eklesiisa da papis mimarT. magram papebi,

SesaZleblobebidan da interesidan gamomdinare, qarTve-

lebs exmianebodnen mxolod TavaTvis saintereso erT

sakiTxze _ saqarTveloSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebaSi

daxmarebaze.

friad sayuradReboa, rom igive papi saqarTveloSi

Tavis elCad daniSnul naxWevanel arqiepiskopos stefa-

nes wers: dasaxelebuli qarTveli mefeebi `suliwmindis madlis CagonebiT, aRiareben yvela eklesiebis Tavad (meTaurad _ e.m.) romis wmida eklesias da Cvenc da yve-la Cvens wina mosaydreT romis mRvdelmTavrebs gul-mxurvalebiT gvracxven ieso qristes monacvled da mo-ciqulTa mTavris wmida petres mosaydred; guliT mo-wadinebuli arian mTlad Tavisis eriTurT miiRon wmi-da kaTolike sarwmunoeba romis eklesiis dogmatis Ta-naxmad... egreTve TavianTis gardawyvetilebis dasamtki-ceblad... TavianT samefoebSi dauwyviaT ekklesiebis da monastrebis aSeneba RvTis saxelis saqeb-sadideblad...~2

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi (XIII-

XVI ss.), gv. 233. TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan

dRemde, gv. 72. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

74-75.

26

papis werili sainteresoa mravalmxriv. pirvel rigSi

yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom paps werilSi das-

axelebuli `faqtebi~ amoukrebia imave naxWevaneli ar-

qiepiskopos stefanesa da sxvaTa moxsenebebidan. qarTve-

li mefeebis, mTavrisa da mTeli qarTveli xalxis mier

`kaTolike~ sarwmunoebis aRiareba `romis dogmatebis

Tanaxmad~ da kaTolikuri eklesia-monastrebis mSeneb-

loba, ra Tqma unda, simarTles ar Seefereboda. ro-

gorc Cans, paps eWvi epareboda stefanes da sxva infor-

matorTa mier romSi gagzavnili an piradad Catanil

cnobebSi. amitom igi natrulobs: ìm samTavroebSi rom gaigzavnebodnen imisTana pirni, romelTac SeeZlosT siyvarulis da kaTolike sarwmunoebis STanergva me-feTa da erTa gulSi... didis siadviliT SeuerTdebo-dnen isini romis ekklesias~1.

XVI s. meore naxevarSi svimon I-s miuRia romis

papis werili2, romlis Sinaarsi cnobili ar aris. amis

Sesaxeb vigebT qarTlis mefis sapasuxo werilidan, ro-

melSic moTxrobilia qveynisa da mefis mier gadatanil

tanjvasa da ubedurebaze. svimoni paps Txovs gaagr-

Zelon erTmaneTTan mimowera da papma locvis dros ar-

asodes daiviwyos da moixsenios qarTveli mefe. ar Cans

werili romeli papis saxelze daiwera, an ra mizans

emsaxureboda igi, Tu Cemi varaudi sworia, rom svimon

mefes papisaTvis werili unda gaegzavna daaxloebiT

1578 wels, im dros pontifiki iyo gregori XIII (1572-

1585).

1 iqve. 2 Cemi azriT, werili daiwera iyos svimon mefis mier iranSi

tyveobidan dabrunebis (1578 w.) Semdeg, axlo periodSi.

vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo poli-

tika da diplomatia, I, XV_XVIss.), gv. 310-311, Sen. 2.

27

1590 wlis dasawyisSi romis paps werili gamoug-

zavnia kaxeTis mefe aleqsandre meorisTvisac. am wer-

ilis Sesaxeb informacia mocemulia s. a. belokurovis

mier gamoqveynebul masalebSi, romelsac iv. javaxiS-

vili Semdeg komentars ukeTebs: aleqsandre mefis erTi

somexi vaWari romSi papTan yofila. rodesac paps misi

sadauroba gaugia, sayveduri gamouTqvams, rom kaxeTis

qristian mefes misTvis despani da epistole arasodes

gaugzavnia. paps vaWrisaTvis dauvalebia, dabrunebuliyo

kaxeTSi da aleqsandre mefisaTvis misi sityvierad dana-

barebi gadaeca. papi Tavis survils sovdagars kaxeTis

mefesTan werilobiT imitom ar atanda, rom mas osmale-

Tis teritoriaze unda gaevlo da epistoles waReba sa-

SiSi iyo. papi moiTxovda, rom kaxTa mefes papTan despa-

ni da epistole gaegzavna an amave vaWrisTvis mxolod

epistole gaetanebina. papma aleqsandre II-m sovdagars

mefis mTeli qoneba romSi daatovebina, im pirobiT, rom

rodesac igi ukan mobrundeboda yvelafers uklebliv

miiRebda. papma sovdagars romSi dabruneba ruseTis

gziT urCia.

sovdagarma aleqsandre mefes, rogorc Cans, imden-

ad saintereso sxva mravali informaciac miutana, rom

man maSinve gadawyvita ara mxolod romis papTan, aramed

espaneTis mefisTvis da wm. romis imperiis imperatoris-

Tvisac imave sovdagris TanxlebiT Tavisi despani da

werilebic gaegzavna. mefem, papis rCevis gaTvaliswine-

biT, despanis gagzavna moindoma ruseTis gziT da im

dros kaxeTSi myof rus elCebs, romlebic ukve samSob-

loSi brundebodnen, Txova misi elCic Tan waeyvanaT da

evropaSi gamgzavrebaSi daxmarebodnen. magram rusma el-

28

Cebma sastiki uari Tqves1. araa cnobili aleqsandre I-ma

Tavisi ganzraxvis Sesruleba sxva gziT SeZlo Tu ara.

arc is aris cnobili misma vaWarma-despanma SeZlo rom-

Si Casvla da iq datovili qonebis dabruneba.

misionerebis an dasavleT evropis sxva warmo-

madgenlebis mier saqarTvelodan dasavleTSi xSirad

araswori informacia rom igzavneboda da qarTvelebis

kaTolikobisadmi midrekilebaze mcdar warmodgenas

uqmnidnen kaTolikuri evropis mefe-mTavrebsa da ekle-

siis mesveurebs, saqarTvelos romTan urTierTobis Sem-

dgomi periodis narkvevSi kidev ufro naTeli gaxdeba.

1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, Tbilisi, 1967,

gv. 321.

29

kaTolike moRvaweTa gegmebi kaTolikobis

gavrcelebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi

(XVII s. I mesamedi)

XVII-XVIII saukuneebi uaRresad rTuli da sabedis-

weroa qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. am dros gansakuT-

rebuli simwvaviT dadga rwmenis sakiTxi – gadarCena

mama-papaTa mier Tavganwiruli brZoliT motanili qar-

Tuli marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa. mis konkuren-

tebad TviT saqarTveloSi gamodioda romis kaToli-

koba, berZnuli marTlmadidebloba, somxuri grigorian-

oba da islami. TiToeul maTgans zurgs umagrebda se-

riozuli Zala Tavisi politikuri da ekonomikuri Sesa-

ZleblobebiT da daxvewili diplomatiiT. maTTan dasa-

pirispireblad saWiro iyo mTeli eris sulieri da in-

teleqtualuri energiis da diplomatiuri niWis mobi-

lizeba.

jer kdev XIV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi romis

papis ioane XXII-is dros (1316-1334) Seiqmna instruqcia

aRmosavleTis xalxebisaTvis (sarkinozebis, kerpTayva-

niscemlebis, berZnebis, bulgarelebis, yumanebis, ibere-

bis, alanebis, yazarebis, goTebis, sixebis, rutenebis

(rusebis?), iakobitebis, nubielebis, nestorianebis, qar-

Tvelebis, somxebis, iudevelebis da sxvaTa), iq sadac

moRvaweobdnen kaTolike misionerebi. rogorc Cans, mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom am dros saqarTvelo giorgi V

brwyinvales ukve gaerTianebuli hqonda, instruqciaSi

saqarTvelo mainc or nawilad _ aRmosavleT da dasav-

leT saqarTveloebad aris dasaxelebuli.

papi mimarTavs misionerebs: ìmisaTvis, rom Tqveni movaleoba ufro sapatio iyos da RirsebiT Sesrulebu-li, avtoritetulad am weriliT nebas grTavT, im miweb-ze, sadac samociqulo taxtis xelmZRvanelobas ar cno-

30

ben, Tqven SegiZliaT iqadagoT uflis sityvebi da iq icxovroT; miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi eklesiidan gankveTas imsaxurebs, mainc saubarSi, purobis dros, sxvadasxva viTarebaSi maTTan uSiSrad gqondeT urTier-Toba, raTa moaqcioT isini, monaTloT, wminda eklesiis ziareba miaRebinoT bavSvebs da sxvebs, visac surs qris-tianuli sarwmunoebis erTianobas SeuerTdes...~1

XVII s. dasawyisidan romSi ganizraxes kaToliko-

bis propagandis gaaqtiureba saqarTveloSi. romSi, iTva-

liswinebdnen ra aRmosavleT saqarTveloze iranis gav-

lenas, garkveuli mniSvneloba mianiWes Sahis avtori-

tetis gamoyenebas kaTolikobis warmatebisaTvis. imedis

momcemi cnobebi modioda iranSi moRvawe misionere-

bisagan. sainteresoa, rom antonio govea2, romelic 1611

wels werda Tavis `samaxsovro iranSi qristianobis sa-kiTxebis Sesaxeb~, Tavad Seswrebia Sah-abasi rogor ari-gebda qarTvelTa elCebs: ùTxariT Tqvens mefes, Tu is qristiania, unda emorCilebodes romis uwmindes paps,

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignTsacavebSi

(XIII-XVI ss), I, gv. 211. 2 antonio fransisko de govea (1575_1628), portugalieli misi-

oneri da istorikosi, avgustineli beri. 1597 w. is gaemgzav-

ra indoeTSi, monawileobda espaneTis mefe filipe III-is mi-

er 1604 wels iranSi gagzavnil elCobaSi, romelsac daeva-

la savaWro urTierTobis damyareba am saxelmwifosTan. 1611-

Si goveam lisabonSi gamoaqveyna Tavisi mogzaurobis STabe-

Wdilebebi. masSi aris uaRresad saintereso cnobebi iranSi

mcxovreb da moRvawe qarTvelebze. Aantonio de Govea, Relations

des grandes Guerres et Victoires obtenues par le roy de Perse Cha Abbas

contre les Empereures de Turquie Mahomet et Achmet son fils…Rouen, 1646.

31

vinaidan me kargad vici, rom is, vinc amas ar akeTebs _ is ar aris kargi qristiani~1.

1614 wlis 14 ianvars Zma melSior duS anJoSi da

Zma xoan de san xose TavianT moxsenebiT baraTSi wer-

dnen, rom `metad sasurveli iqneboda gaigzavnos iq (sa-qarTveloSi _ e.m.) sarwmunoebis mqadageblebi. magram dRemde amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, radgan es samefo-sam-Tavroebi mdebareoben iransa da TurqeTs Soris. axla arc erT kaTolikes ar SeuZlia iq Sevides. es SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac Tqvens udidebulesobas eqneba megobroba SahTan~2. imave moxsenebaSi naTqvamia, rom 12 wlis winaT igive sasuliero Zmebi saqarTveloSi yo-

filan, sadac maTTvis moRvaweobis uflebis micemas

dapirebian im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amaze iranis Sahis da sa-

qarTvelos patriarqis Tanxmoba iqneboda. da bolos,

yvelaferi ise unda momxdariyo, rom àr darRveuliyo maTi (qarTvelebis _ e.m.) wes-Cveulebebi~. imave dros

misionerebi moiTxovdnen, gaegzvnaT ori avgustineli

beri qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebTan _ luarsabTan da

TeimurazTan, romlebic `xarks uxdian Sahs... imave dros TxoveT Sahs, rom man imave mamebis saSualebiT misweros werilebi xsenebul qarTvel mefeebs am megobrobis Sesaxeb, raTa isini ukeT miiRon. aseTi moqmedebiT Cven

viqnebodiT damSvidebulni, SevalT ra am qveyanaSi da Sev-

ZlebT nel-nela ufro davrCeT da sxvadasxva SemTxveva-Si, nel-nela sxva qarTvel mTavrebTanac davamyaroT urTierToba~3.

1 luis xili fernandesi, i. tabaRua, dokumentebi saqarTvel-

os istoriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi

(XV-XVII ss.), madridi, 1991, gv. 375, dok. #42. 2 iqve, gv. 377, dok. #43. 3 iqve, gv. 377-379.

32

cnobilia, rom Sah-abasi ar iyo religiuri fanati-

kosi. religias, romelic ar unda yofiliyo, is afaseb-

da Tavisi politikuri miznebis mixedviT. cnobili iyo,

agreTve, misi `keTilganwyoba~ kaTilokobis mimarT. igi

garkveul dros kaTolikobas mfarvelobda imis molo-

dinSi, rom osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmarebas

miiRebda evropis kaTolikuri qveynebidan. magram, rode-

sac dainaxa, rom isini mxolod sityvieri TanagrZnobiT

Semoifarglebodnen da am ori qveynis erTmaneTTan Sej-

axebas lamobdnen, imave dros osmaleTTan TavianTi sa-

vaWro saqmeebis mogvarebas cdilobdnen da sarfian xe-

lSekrulebebsac aformebdnen, amis Semdeg man sruliad

gawyvita kavSiri romis warmomadgenel karmelitebTan

da espaneTis mfarvelobaSi myof avgustinelebTan, sama-

gierod, kavSiri daamyara safrangeTis mTavrobis mfar-

velobaSi myof kapucinebTan da inglis-holandiel pro-

testantebTan. man warmatebiT gamoiyena ingliselebTan

kavSiri da maTi daxmarebiT xelT igdo strategiuli

da savaWro navsadguri ormuzi. am didi warmatebis Sem-

deg Sah-abasma ingliselebic moiSora da mTlianad Ta-

vis xelSi aiRo iranis sagareo vaWroba.

romSi fiqrobdnen, rom ramdenadac qarTvelebma

qristianoba berZnebisagan miiRes da ara romaelebisgan,

amdenad maT saeklesio wesebSi Secdomebi unda yofili-

yo. erT-erT sabuTSi, romelSic gadmocemulia saqarTve-

los gaqristianebis da saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis

mokle istoria, naTqvamia: àm qarTvelebma, romlebic Sors iyvnen wm. samociqulo taxtidan, berZnebis TiTq-mis yvela dabneuloba da zogierTi crumorwmunoeba Se-iTvises. antioqiis patriarqma ki maT sqizma daunerga~1.

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi (XIII-

XVI ss.), II, gv. 181.

33

papis kuriaSi miaCndaT, rom aRniSnulis miuxedavad sa-

qarTveloSi kaTolikobi mainc izeimebda. am saqmis war-

matebiT ganxorcieleba ioli iyo. amgvari mosazrebis

Camoyalibebas xeli Seuwyo im informaciam saqarTvelo-

ze, romelsac romSi agzavnidnen mogzauri-misionerebi,

vaWrebi da diplomatebi. imis Sesaxeb Tu rogori war-

modgena hqondaT romSi saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebze,

gansakuTrebiT kargad gamoCnda dominikaneli1 beris, ma-

ma gregorio orsinis2 mier 1626 wlis 9 dekembers wm.

1 1214 wels espaneli aznauris wm. dominikis irgvliv tulu-

zaSi Camoyalbda Temi. misi wesdeba daamtkica papma onorius

III-m 1216 wels. dominikelebis moRvaweobis umniSvnelovanesi

mimarTuleba iyo RvTismetyvelebis Rrma Seswavla ganswav-

luli mqadageblebis mosamzadeblad. ordenis centrebi iyo

cnobili sauniversiteto qalaqebi _ parizi da bolonia. maT

gaaCaRes farTo samisionero moRvaweoba, daaarses mravali

monasteri, saRvTismetyvelo kaTedrebi cnobil universite-

tebSi. 1220 wels ordeni Raribulad gamocxadda. mis wevrebs

uari unda eTqvaT qonebasa da Semosavalze, unda ecxovraT

mowyalebiT. misi saqmianobis mTavari sferoebi iyo saxa-

rebis propaganda, mecnierebis Seswavla, ganaTleba, brZola

eresis winaaRmdeg da samisionero moRvaweoba. rwmenis

siwmindisaTvis brZolaSi SeupovrobisaTvis maT `RvTis Za-

Rlebis~ (Domini canes) saxeli daumkvidrdaT. amJamadac erT-

erTi yvelaze gavleniani ordenia. 2 orsini gregorio daibada romSi. 1608 w. monasterSi miabar-

es, erTi wlis Semdeg berad aRikveca. 1612 w. is, e.w. axlo

aRmosavleTis kongregaciis konstantinopolisa da arqipe-

lagis kunZulebis vikariusad dainiSna. 1613 w. man mTavari

mqadageblis tituli miiRo. 1616 wlidan minervis kaTo-

likur universitetSi Teologiis kurss kiTxulobda. 1623 w.

23 Tebervals, papis nebarTviT, disertaciis daucvelad,

mianiWes Teologiis magistris wodeba.

34

propaganda de fidesaTvis gagzavnil moxsenebaSi. man

oTx muxlad Camoayaliba is samuSao, romelic dasaxe-

lebul organizacias unda Caetarebina kaTolikobis ga-

vrcelebisaTvis saqarTveloSi. orsini werda: `qarTvel-

1623 w. orsini dominikanelTa jgufSi Cairicxa da somxe-

TSi gagzavnes sadac erevnis vikariusis posti Ddaikava. man

erevnidan vatikanSi gagzavna werili, romelSic asabuTebda

saqarTveloSi samisionero muSaobisaTvis xelsayreli piro-

bebis arsebobas.

avgustinelma berebma romSi mimaval orsinis gadasces

`namdvili ambebi ubrwyinvalesi qeTevan dedoflis mowameb-rivi sikvdilis Sesaxeb iranis samefos dedaqalaq SirazSi

Sah-abasis brZanebiT, 1624 w. 22 seqtembers, aRwerili Siraz-

is wm. avgustines ordenis monastris beris, mama, morCili

ambrosio diuS anJusis mier~. rogorc varaudoben `namdvili

ambebi~ safuZvlad daedo orsinis im moxsenebiT baraTs, ro-

melic 1626 w. TebervalSi warudgines wm. kongregacia de

propaganda fides. orsini gardaicvala CivitavekiaSi 1627

wels.

wm. avgustines ordenis beri, mama manoel da madre de

deusi swerda (1627. 24. V) pietro dela vales romSi: `me ar gigzavniT cnobas SirazSi qeTevan dedoflis sikvdilis

Sesaxeb, radgan morCilma Zmam, mama gregoriom (orsini-e.m.)

waiRo es cnoba da Tqveni Rrmad pativcemuli mowyaleba

romSi gaecnoba mas~. Tavis mxriv mama ambrozio duS anJusi

goridan gagzavnili weriliT (1627. 27. IV) romis papsa da

propaganda fides kardinalebs mouTxrobda dedoflis wame-

bis Sesaxeb, rac man aRwera `mama grigorios mier (romSi _ e.m.) Catanil, misi uwmindesobisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi~.

TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

tfilisi, 1902; gulbenkiani r., namdvili cnobebi saqarTvel-

os dedoflis qeTevanis mowamebrivi sikvdilis Sesaxeb.

frangulidan Targmnes i. tabaRuam da c. bibileiSvilma,

Tbilisi, 1987.

35

Ta Soris kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis gavrceleba Zlier advil saqmed mimaCmia da ai ratom: 1. radgan advilad dasayvavebeli, morCili, ubralo da kargi mdgomareobis xalxi arian; 2. radgan samociqulo romis wmida say-

dars ramdenime gzis morCilebisa, gulmxurvalebisa da erTgulebis grZnobiT savse wigni mosweres; 3. ... 1613 w. kaxeTis mefe Teimurazma da sxva qarTvelma Tavadebma daumtkices portugalel patr gvilelmos... da ioane Ta-deos karmelitans... eklesiebi da adgilebi misces sacxov-reblad. xsenebulma mTavrebma im patrebs Txoves said-umlos miReba, maTTan aRsareba Tqves da eziarnen maTi-save xeliT. esreT saqarTveloSi aRasrules yvela wesi da tipikoni kaTolikuri sarwmunoebisa, Tumca xsenebu-lma monazonebma iq ver daamyares TavianTi saxli da eklesia abaz iranis mefis mier atexili samwuxaro omis mizeziT... 4. kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis advilad gavrce-leba miT ufro dasajerebelia, rom qarTvelebi metad RvTismoSiSni arian, sarwmunoebis erTguli msaxurni, mosavni RvTimSoblisac, mTavar mociqulTa petresi da pavlesi da sxva wmidaTa, metadre wmida giorgisa, rome-lsac gansakuTrebiT Tayvans scemen...~1

***

vale (Valle) pietro dela (11. IV. 1586, romi, – 21. IV.

1652, iqve), italieli ganmanaTlebeli, sazogado moRva-

we, mogzauri, aRmosavleTmcodne, literatori, Teol-

ogi, diplomati, musikaTmcodne. icoda mravali ena. ek-

uTvnoda romis cnobil aristokratTa gvars. 1614–26

imogzaura aRm. qveynebSi (osmaleTi, arabeTi, palestina,


gv. 86-87; misive, qarTuli eklesia dsabamidan dRemde, gv. 551-

552.

36

egvipte, erayi, sparseTi, indoeTi), ramdenime weli dayo

Sah-abas I-is karze. aq igi dauaxlovda sparseTSi mcxov-

reb qarTvelebs (maT Soris qeTevan dedofals), hqonda

maTTan mimowera, ris safuZvelzec aRwera saqarTvelo

da qarTvelebi.

1626 w. 28 marts vale dabrunda romSi da pap urban

VIII-s warudgina moxseneba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (gamoq-

veynda 1627). vale cdilobda, vatikanis xelisufleba da-

erwmunebina, rom saqarTvelo – damoukidebeli da qris-

tianuli saxelmwifo – savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo, Sem-

dgomSi kaTolike qveyana gamxdariyo, rac mas sasikeTod

moubrundeboda. magram, vales azriT, pirvel rigSi sa-

Wiro iyo saqarTvelos mZime polit. mdgomareobiT saTa-

nado daintereseba, unda dasrulebuliyo is dauSvebeli

indiferentizmi, rasac aqamde iCenda mTeli kaTolikuri

samyaro da misi citadeli – vatikani – saqarTvelosa

da misi xalxisadmi. `moxsenebaSi~ aRwerilia saqarTve-

los geografia, sazogadoebrivi wyobileba, saeklesio

organizacia; daxasiaTebulia Sah-abasis politika saqar-

Tvelos mimarT. abas I-is mier mravali aTasi qarTvelis

sparseTSi iZulebiT gadasaxlebas igi `qarTvelebis did

gadasaxlebas~ uwodebs. pietro dela vale, Teimuraz I-

is politikis daxasiaTebisas, miuTiTebs mis rusul

orientaciaze da sxv.

moxsenebaSi vale giorgi saakaZis pirovnebas muq

ferebSi warmoaCens, rogorc renegatsa da saqarTvelos

moRalates. mxolod werilis bolos gakvriT mianiSnebs

im udides pozitiur rolze, romelicic g. saakaZem is-

toriuli movlenebis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi iTamaSa, ke-

rZod, rogor CaSala sparseTis Sahis veraguli gegmebi

saqarTvelos mimarT.

valess cnobiT (1627 w.), odiSisa da guriis samTav-

ros qveSevrdomebi gulTbilad iRebdnen TavianT qveya-

37

naSi kazakebs, romlebic dnepris SesarTavTan cxovrob-

dnen. TviT poloneTis xelmwifes mimowera da megobro-

ba hqonda qarTvel mTavrebTan. `xSirad erTi qveynidan meoreSi savaWro xomaldebi dadiodnen. kazakebi xSirad mTavrebis savaWro gemebs mfarvelobdnen~. `moxsenebis~ qarTuli Targmani pirvelad 1879 gamoqveynda ìveriaSi~.

vale saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri (TeatinelTa) misi-

is mowyobisa da romSi pirveli beWduri qarT. wignebis

gamocemis iniciatori iyo nikifore irbaxTan (ix. Colo-

yaSvili nikoloz) erTad; aqtiurad monawileobda axal-

gazrda qarTvelebisaTvis romSi kaTolikeTa kolegiumis

daarsebaSi.

valem meored iqorwina tyveobidan mis mier gamos-

yidul sparseTis karze myof qarTvel qalze – TinaTin-

maria Zibaze, romelTanac 14 Svili SeeZina. 1630 wlis 18

maiss vale goris misiis xelmZRvanel don pietro av-

itabilesadmi gagzavnil werilSi werda `... saqarTvelo mudam Cems gulSia. axla Cemi siyvaruli misadmi ufro gaZlierda. me valSi var... qarTveli xalxis winaSe. am siyvarulis niSnad Cems qaliSvils davarqvi romiberi (romi da iberia), radgan msurs Cveni ori eri mudam mWidro kavSirSi iyos erTmaneTTan...~1.

naSromSi mravaljer iqneba damowmebuli misi cno-

bebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

1 Ватейшвили Дж. Л., Грузия и европейские страны, т. 1, кн. 2, М.,

2003; Полиевктов М. А., Европейские путешественники XIII–XVIII вв.

по Кавказу, Тфл., 1935. mamisTvaliSvili e., vale pietro dela

// saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 3, Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 141-142;

http://georgianencyclopedia.ge/index.php/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%8

3%9A%E1%83%94

38

***

raTa roms garkveuli nabijebi gadaedga saqarT-

veloSi kaTolikobis dasanergad, mniSvnelovani wvli-

li hqonda pietro dela vales, romelmac aseve vrceli

moxseneba warudgina pap urban VIII-s. pietro dela val-

es azriT, saqarTveloSi warmatebisaTvis aucilebeli

iyo adgilobrivi mefis mxardaWeris mopoveba, misione-

rebis mier qarTuli enis Seswavla da bolo unda moRe-

boda im gulgrilobas, romelic romma gamoiCina saqar-

Tvelos mimarT1.

pietro dela vale cdilobda kaTolikuri eklesi-

is mesveurTa, pirvel rigSi, papis interesebi saqarTve-

los mimarT im mxrivac gaeRvivebina, rom qarTvelebi

berZnebisagan sxva dadebiTi mxareebiT gansxvavebis gar-

da, imiTic gansxvavdebodnen, rom isini ar ayenebdnen

pretenzias konstantinopolis eklesis upiratesobis Se-

saxeb, miuxedavad imisa, rom scnobdnen mis patriarqs,

ar iyvnen misadmi daqvemdebarebaSi. iqve pietro dela

vale SeniSnavs, rom misTvis cnobili ar aris raime

iurisdiqcia, romlis mixedviTac sargeblobs konstan-

tinopolis patriarqi qarTul eklesiaSi. àmis garda, isini did mokrZalebas ganicdian romis da wm. petresa da wm. pavles mimarT, didad pativs scemen romis mRv-

delmTavars, berZnebis msgavsad ar ganicdian misdami did mtrobas primatTan dakavSirebuli davis gamo. isini ar arian berZnebis msgavsad qedmaRalni, jiutni, matyu-arebi da orpirni SesaTanxmebel saqmeebSi; ufro metic, arian mokrZalebulni, damyolni, gulkeTilni, gulwrf-elni da ise advilaT dasayoliebelni, rom amis gamo maT mahmadianebisagan mravali tanjva ganicades... yvela

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv.

553.

39

es garemoeba sinamdvileSi hqmnis imis pirobas, rom ioli iqneba maTi moqceva (kaTolikobaze _ e.m.), Tu mon-domebiT miaRweven maTs, am miznisaTvis saWiro swavle-bas Cveni (misionerebi _ e.m.), romlebic iq wavlen da ic-xovreben maTs miwa-wyalze da kargad ecodinebaT maTi ena~1.

pietro dela vale varaudobda, rom im SemTxvevisa-

Tvis, Tu romis papi gadawyvetda daxmareboda saqarTve-

los, rac misi azriT, gakaTolikebiT unda damTavre-

buliyo da am mizniT misionerebs gagzavnida, maSin maT

unda esargeblaT sami gziT: pirveli gza moklea da

gadis konstantinopolze, saidanac saqarTveloSi midi-

oda, rogorc saxmeleTo, ise sazRvao gzebi. xmeleTiT

SeiZleboda gamgzavreba vaWrebTan erTad skutarze da

trapizonze gavliT da mogzaurobas daaxloebiT erTi

Tve daWirdeboda. ufro ioli da mokle iyo sazRvao

gza, romlis dafarva maqsimum rva dReSi SeiZleboda.

magram xelsayreli amindis SemTxvevaSi xuTi dRec sak-

marisi iqneboda.

qarTvelebis keTildReobaze mzrunveli dela va-

le, im mcire dabrkolebazec afrTxilebs paps, romelic

SeiZleba misionerebs SexvdeT konstantinopolidan sa-

qarTveloSi mogzaurobis dros. es aris xelis SeSla

Turqebisagan. isini am qristianuli qveynisaken mimaval

kaTolike misionerebs eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen. magram

am dabrkolebis gadalaxva SeiZleboda mcireodeni ad-

gilobrivi enis codniTa da vaWris garegnobis miRebiT.

dela vale iqve iZleoda rekomendacias romeli kaTo-

likuri ordenis warmomadgenlebs unda esargeblaT

konstantinopolis gziT: eseni iqnebodnen iezuitebi,

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Гру-

зия, ч. I, Тбилиси, с. 372-373

40

romlebic yvelaze metad zrunavdnen adamianTa sulebis

gadarCenisaTvis, aswavlidnen, hqondaT skolebi da ko-

lejebi. gamocdilebidan gamoimdinare, esyvelaze efeq-

turi saSualebebi iyo da warmatebebic miiRweoda.

meore gza gadioda iranze, saidanac vaWarTa qaravan-

Tan erTad SeiZleboda pirvelad qarTlis (luarsabis)

samefoSi misvla, romelic irans emorCileboda, iqidan

ki Tavisuflad SeZlebdnen gadaadgilebas mTel sa-

qarTveloSi. es misionerebi iqnebodnen fexSiSveli kar-

melitebi, avgustinelebi _ portugalielebi, romlebsac

TavianT eklesiebi hqondaT iranSi. pietro dela vales

azriT, am saqmisaTvis ufro metad gamodgebodnen fex-

SiSvela karmelitebi, romlebic, Cveulebriv Tavs ika-

vebdnen xorciani saWmelebisagan da amiT Zalian ems-

gavsebodnen aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebel berebs, xo-

lo TavianTi mkacri cxovrebiT qarTvelebisaTvis ufro

sasimovnoni iyvnen. amave dros maT SeeZloT gamoiyenebi-

naT maTdami keTilad ganwyobili iranSi mcxovrebi qe-

Tevan wamebulis xalxi, romlebic im droisaTvis jer

kidev imyofebodnen SirazSi da axlos iyvnen avgustine-

lebTan, romlebmac icodnen dedoflis wminda nawilebs

Sesaxeb, romelic, rogorc ambobdnenen, inaxeboda ala-

verdis mitropolitis naTesavebTan. aseve SeeZloT ga-

moeyenebinaT is umaRlesi mdgomareobis qarTvelebi, ro-

mlebTanac megobrobdnen.

imaT, vinc meore gziT isargeblebdnen, pietro de-

la vale urCevda sifrTxile gamoeCinaT, raTa Sahis

eWvianoba ar gamoewviaT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misione-

rebs da maT megobar qarTvelebsac ziani miadgebodaT.

mesame da ukanaskneli gza gadioda reC pospolit-

ze, romlis samflobeloebi Sav zRvamde aRwevda. aqedan

ki umoklesi gziT SeiZleboda misvla saqarTveloSi.

aseve iolad SeiZleboda reC pospolitas Sida raione-

41

bidan mdinare dnepriT dasaxelebul zRvamde miRweva.

reC pospolitadan maT daxmarebas gauwevdnen iezuitebi

an dominikanelebi da karmelitebi. maT daxmarebas gau-

wevda agreTve reC pospolitas mefec, romelic iyo

Tavgamodebuli kaTolike.

saqarTvelosTan dasakavSireblad gamodgeboda ka-

zakebis gemebic, romlebiTac uxifaTod miiRwevdnen da-

niSnulebis adgilamde. kazakebis gemebiT SeiZleboda

gadayvana aramxolod ubralo berebisa, aramed episko-

posebis, nunciebis, elCebis da sxv.

qarTvelebis kaTolikobaze moqcevis saqmeSi mniSv-

nelovani roli unda eTamaSaT polonel uniatebs, rom-

lebic jer kidev misdevdnen berZnul marTlmadideblo-

bas da amdenad isini axlos iyvnen da ukeTesadac gau-

gebdnen qarTvelebs da ioladac daiyoliebdnen ka-

Tolikobaze1.

don pietro dela vales mxedvelobidan ar gamor-

Cenia, Tu rogor SeiZleboda romsa da saqarTvelos So-

ris mudmivi, saimedo da mokle gziT kavSiris ganxorci-

eleba, rogorc werilebis gagzavniT, ise adamianebis

gadaadgilebiT. es gegma unda damuSavebuliyo Teimuraz

pirvelTan konsultaciebiT da SeTamxmebiT. misive azr-

iT, saqarTvelos Savi zRvis im portSi, saidanac meti

gemebi midiodnen evropaSi, misionerebs unda yolebodaT

TavianTi korespondenti an sxva ndobiT aRWurvili pi-

ri, romelsac gadaugzavnidnen werilebs. am mizniT, va-

le urCevda misionerebs, dasavleT saqarTveloSi dabi-

navebuliyo erTi romelime maTgani, romelic saWiroe-

bis dros daukavSirdeboda dadiansa da guriels.

1 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Гру-

зия, ч. I, с. 373-375.

42

don pietro dela vales azriT, saqarTvelos Savi

zRvis navsadgurebidan evropasTan dakavSireba SeiZleba

konstantinopolze gavliT, sadac sistematurad Cadi-

odnen qarTvelebi, rogorc komerciuli, ise sxva saqmee-

bisaTvis da maTTan kavSiris damyareba advili iyo. kon-

stantinopolSi yovelTvis iyvnen kaTolike misionerebi

da italieli samoqalaqo pirebi. rac mTavaria, iq im-

yofeboda safrangeTis elCi, romelsac gadascemdnen

saqarTvelodan Camotanil, romSi gasagzavn werilebs.

mas aseve SeeZlo gansakuTrebuli siZneleebis gareSe

gadaegzavna romidan miRebuli werilebi saqarTveloSi

sazRvao gziT. mTavari iyo mas scodnoda, sad unda

gaegzavna esa Tu is werili, e. i. saqarTvelos romel

navsadgurSi da romel ndobiT aRWurvil pirovnebas

unda gadascemoda1.

am, erTi SexedviT, teqnikur rCevebSi, kargad Canda

rogor SeiZleboda saqarTvelo-romis kavSiri ganxor-

cielebuliyo pirdapiri gagebiT. pietro dela vales

sxva kidev seriozuli Canafiqric hqonda: imis mizeziT,

rom osmaleTis saxelmwifos teretoriaze mogzauroba

misionerebisaTvis saxifaTo iyo, am ukanasknelT unda

daeyoliebinaT Teimuraz mefe, rom mas daemyarebina sa-

vaWro urTierToba reC pospolitasTan2, rac SemdegSi

gamoiwvevda reC pospolitas kaTolike mefis saqarTvel-

os saqmeebSi Cabmas.

saqarTveloSi gasagzavni misionerebisaTvis pietro

dela valem 1626 wels SeimuSava specialuri instruqcia

12 muxlad. masSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo bevri ram: ram-

deni misioneri unda unda wasuliyo. pirveli jgufis

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

III, gv. 124-125. 2 iqve, gv. 125.

43

gamgzavrebasa da mis Sedegs unda dalodeboda meore

jgufi. mas unda gaeTvaliswinebina is dabrkolebebi,

romelic winamorbeds Sexvdeboda. amis Semdeg Tu saWi-

roeba iqneboda, igi marSruts Seicvlida.

meore punqtis mixedviT, konstantinopolSi Casuli

misionerebi iq myofi romelime kaTolikuri saxelmwi-

fos, kerZod, safrangeTis an veneciis elCis mfarvelo-

baSi unda yofiliyvnen, raTa daubrkolebliv gaevloT

osmaleTis teretoria.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mesame muxli, romel-

Sic naTqvamia: `ramdenadac evropis gareT, kerZod, saq-arTveloSi saqmis warmateba TiTqmis mTlianad damoki-debulia saqarTvelos im mxareebis mTavrebze, sadac wm. taxti agzavnis misionerebs sulieri progresisaTvis da imisaTvis, rom am wamowyebis warmateba uzrunvelyofil iqnes, aucileblad vTvli, rom misionerebi momaragebul iqnen misi uwmindesobis werilebiT yvela im qarTveli mTavrisadmi, romelTa Sesaxeb SeiZleba rame cnobis mi-Reba, aseve werilebiT im qveynis mitropolitebisadmi. sakmarisia am werilebSi misma uwmindesobam gamoTqvas azri im suliskveTebiT, rom igi ganwyobilia maTdami mamobrivi zrunviT da, rogorc mTeli kaTolikuri sam-yaros umaRlesi mwyemsi, ugzavnis maT da maT xalxs Ta-vis wm. mamebs, surs ra amiT daamyaros maTTan kavSir-urTierToba ufalis didebisaTvis... Tu mivmarTavT Tei-muraz mefes, romelsac unda gaegzvnos misi uwmindeso-bis werili, Tu wm. mamebi SeZleben ase Sors wavidnen qveynis SigniT da Sexvdnen mas, misma uwmindesobam ram-denime sityviT unda daamSvidos igi imis gamo, rac man warsulSi ganicada an Seaqos dedamisi, romelmac iran-

44

Si sikvdili amjobina qristianuli sarwmunoebis Secv-las da SeinarCuna igi~1.

Semdeg punqtSi laparaki iyo qarTveli mefis, ekl-

esiis meTaurebisa da didebulebisaTvis saCuqrebis mir-

Tmevis aucileblobaze. aseTi saCuqrebi SeiZleboda yo-

filiyo sakulto daniSnulebis sagnebi, suraTebi, yel-

sakidebi da sxv.

mexuTe punqtSi iyo rCeva misionerebisaTvis, rom

zRvaze mogzaurobis dros aucileblad evropelTa xo-

maldebiT esargeblaT.

meeqvse punqtSi pietro dela vale misionerebs ur-

Cevda konstantinopolSi misvlisTanave imas unda dakav-

Sirebodnen, vis saxelzec mihqondaT sarekomendacio ba-

raTi. isini unda moridebodnen xalxSi gamoCenas, raTa

xelisuflebis yuradReba ar miepyroT.

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa meSvide punqti, rom-

lidanac Cans, rogori intensiuri mimosvla iyo saqarT-

velos SavizRvispireTsa da konstantinopols Soris: mi-

sionerebi `saWiroa Casxdnen saqarTvelos erT-erT mxa-reSi _ samegreloSi mimaval xomaldSi, sadac kons-tantinopolidan yovel dRe midian xomaldebi. Cveule-brivad konstantinopolis navsadgurSi SeiZleba Sexvde frangebs, momavals kunZul xiosidan, romlebic Cveule-brivad Cadian samegreleSi da bevri maTgani laparakobs italiurad. romelime maTgani, Tu sando pirovneba iqne-boda, SeiZleboda megzurad aeyvanaT. Tu aseTi ram ar moxerxdeboda, maSin SeiZleboda aeyvanaT romelime be-rZeni-qristiani, romlebic yovelTvis Tavs iyrian ka-Tolikuri qveynebis saelCoebis garSemo konstantino-polSi. SeiZleba megzurad aiyvanon romelime qarTveli,


II, gv. 212-213.

45

romelebic yovelTvis arian konstantinopolSi. isini xSirad TavadiSvilebi arian. aseT qarTvelebTan mego-brobis damyareba Zalian kargi iqneboda~1.

merve punqtSi laparaki iyo misionerebis Cacmulo-

baze. dela vale misionerebs urCevda: italiidan kons-

tantinopolamde da am qalaqSic SeiZleboda scmodaT

ise, rogorc saWirod CaTvlidnen, `xolo rac Seexeba konstantinopolidan saqarTveloSi mgzavrobis dros, saWiroa Caicvan ise, rogorc maT urCevs maTi gamyoli pirovneba. TviT saqarTveloSi ki maT aucileblad unda Caicvan ise, rogorc wm. mama misionerebs SeSveniT, yo-veli SemTxvevisaTvis, yovelTvis angariSi gauwion viTarebas da iyvnen fxizlad~2.

mecxre punqtSi pietro dela vale misonerebs aZlevs

rCevas rogori msaxurebi unda iyolion.

meaTe punqti Seicavs misionerebis darigebas, rom

ar unda Sedrknen im dabrkolebebis gamo, romlebic maT

SeiZleba SexvdeT osmaleTSi yofnis dros da moqnilad

imoqmedon.

meTerTmete punqtSi aRniSnulia, rom dela valem

paps urCia werilebi gaegzavna imereTis mefisaTvis, od-

iSis mTavar dadianisaTvis, gurielisaTvis, kaxeTis mefe

TeimurazisaTvis, aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvel-

os kaTalikosebisaTvis.

meTormete punqtSi CamoTvlilia is saCuqrebi, ro-

melTa saqarTveloSi waReba iyo mizanSewonili3.

romSi yvelaferi ainteresebdaT saqarTvelos Sesa-

xeb: mis mosaxleobaze, ekonomikur mdgomareobasa da

sagareo urTierTobaze. amitom misionerebs, sakmaod ga-

1 iqve, gv. 214-215. 2 iqve, gv. 215. 3 iqve, gv. 216.

46

waful agentebs seriozul davalebas aZlevdnen. am

mxriv sainteresoa pietro dela vales erT-erTi inst-

ruqcia saqarTveloSi moRvawe Teatineli misionerebisa-

Tvis: `saqarTveloSi CasvlisTanave SeadgineT detalu-ri da zusti informacia iqauri xalxis cxovrebis yvela sakiTxze. aucilkebelia daadginoT: mefuri sisx-lis yvela mTavris, aseve qveyanaSi yvela gamoCenili pirovnebis _ kacisa da qalis rogorc saeklesio, ise saero pirovnebis saxeli. aseve saxelwodeba qalaqebisa da mniSvnelovani adgilebis, gzebis, romlebsac ufro metad amjobineben vaWrebi da mogzaurebi, saWiroa Sea-dginoT sia Cveni megobari qarTvelebisa da daadginoT maTi kavSirebi im qveynebTan, romlebTanac saqarTvelos urTierToba aqvs; daazustoT, Tu ra saSualebiT da ra gziT amyareben isini urTierTobas ama Tu im qveya-nasTan; qarTvelebs visTan aqvT mtruli, saomari an me-gobruli damokidebuleba; vis esazRvrebian isini da sxva aTasi detali, romlebic ar unda gamogrCeT mxed-velobidan. nu daizarebT, rom yovelive es sistematu-rad SegvatyobinoT~1.

miuxedavad amgvari da sxva mravali cnobebis mopo-

vebisa, rogorc Cans, romSi mainc uaRresad zedapiruli

warmodgena hqondaT saqarTvelos istoriaze, qarTvel-

Ta mentalitetze, tradiciebsa da faseulobebze. maTi

gansakuTrebuli Secdoma da warumateblobis mizezi

mdgomareobda qarTvelebis marTlmadidebluri eklesi-

isadmi erTgulebis SeufaseblobaSi2. ra Tqma unda mniS-


III, gv., 127. 2 dominikaneli misioneri jovani juliano da luka varSavi-

dan romSi gagzavnil relaciaSi 1637 wlis 18 Tebervals

werda: `me maT (avgustinel misionerebs _ e.m.) SevekiTxe,

47

vnelovani iyo saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo

mdgomareobis sirTule da arastabilurobac. magram

misionerTa relaciebsa da werilebSi gansakuTrebiT

gamokveTilad Cans is winaaRmdegoba, romelsac saqar-

TveloSi mosuli romis warmomadgenlebi awydebodnen

sxva konfesiebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan. saqarTvelo-

Si mcxovrebi berZnebisa da somxebis mtruli damokide-

buleba maT mimarT, wiTel xazad gasdevs misionerebis

warumatebeli saqmianobis axsnas. isini zogjer cdilo-

bdnen iseT STabeWdileba SeeqmnaT, TiTqos qarTveli

xelisufalni iyvnen ucxotomelTa mier kaTolikeTa Se-

viwroebis pasiuri mWvretelni.

romSi darwmunebulni iyvnen saqarTvelos iolad

gakaTolikebaSi. papis mier qarTl-kaxeTis mefe Teimu-

raz pirvelisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi, romelic niki-

fore irbaxs gaatanes, vkiTxulobT: àxla umorCilesad vevedrebiT RmerTs, romlis xelSia mbrZanebelTa gule-bis arsi, miiyvanos Seni umaRlesobis RvTismosaobis ga-nzraxva sasurvel dasasrulamde, xolo Sen, angelozeb-is daxmarebiT, rac SeiZleba male Sexvide deda romis eklesiis wiaRSi~. iqve isic iyo miTiTebuli, mefes visi

xeliT unda mieRo axali sarwmunoeba. es unda yofili-

yo mcire aziis qalaq miris arqiepiskoposi, mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi Tu arqiepiskoposi naxWevanis eparqiaSi mivi-

doda. magram Tu es ar moxdeboda, maSin imave wess Seas-

aris Tu ara am qalaqSi (gorSi _ e.m.) kaTolikebi, magram uaryofiTad mipasuxes; maT eklesiaSi xalxi mxolod

cnobismoyvareobis gamo modis, raTa mesa moisminos. swored

amitom vamtkiceb: iq, sadac ukve aris (marTlmadidebluri _

e.m.) sarwmunoeba, Cven, misionerebs romis eklesiisaTvis

Znelad SeuZliaT sargeblobis motana~. evropuli kvlevebi,

II, Tbilisi, 2015, gv. 34. xazgasma yvelgan Cemia.

48

rulebdnen is Teatineli mRvdlebi, romlebic romidan

saqarTveloSi misionerebad gamogzavnes. im SemTxvevaSi

ki, Tu verc misionerebi miaRwevdnen saqarTvelomde, ma-

Sin papis brZanebiT iranidan gamoiZaxebdnen avgustinel

an fexSiSveli karmelitebis berebs1, `romelTa saSua-lebiT Sen RvTis SvilTa rigebSi Cairicxebi~ _ swerda urban VIII mefe Teimurazs.

rodesac Teimuraz mefis mier kaTolikobis aRiare-

bisa da sazeimod gacxadebis Sesaxeb cnoba romamde mi-

aRwevs, samoqalaqo xelisufleba, romelic papis miTi-

TebiT moqmedebs, daamtkicebs mis `monarqiul marTvelo-basac papis sazeimo locva-kurTxeviT~. amis Semdeg papi Seecdeboda evropis kaTolike mefeebis qarTl-kaxeTis

mefisadmi keTilganwyobas, gansakuTrebiT ki espaneTis

mefis masTan damegobrebas. magram mxolod is ar aris

sakmarisi, rom mefem aRiaros kaTolikoba. man aucileb-

lad mTeli ZaliT unda izrunos, rom eklesiis meTa-

urebma da mRvdelmsaxurebma, iberiis sulis mwyemsebma,

romlebic uflis saxlSi cxovroben, aRiaron petres

saxelmwifo romis taxtis saxiT2. petres saxelmwifos,

anu romis taxtis qristianul eklesiebSi pirveloba da

papis yvela qristianis meTaurad aRiareba, niSnavda qar-

Tuli eklesiis mier florenciis saeklesio krebis ga-

dawyvetilebaTa aRiarebac, ris winaaRmdegac, Tavis dro-

ze (1439 w.), swored qarTvelebi gamovidnen. aRiarebis

sanacvlod ki, papi evropis kaTolikur saxelmwifoeb-

1 am dros avgustinelebi ukve imyofebodnen saqarTveloSi da

qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi daarsebuli hqondaT TavianTi mi-

sia. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

III, gv., 199; TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvel-

Ta Soris, 97-99, 615-616.

49

Tan, gansakuTrebiT espaneTTan, romelTanac daaxloebas

Teimurazi cdilobda da paps Suamavlobas Txovda, dax-

marebas hpirdeboda.

romSi iTvaliswinebdnen, rom kaTolikuri rwmenis

gavrcelebas, saqarTveloSi seriozuli winaaRmdegoba

xvdeboda. misionerebs evalebodaT frTxilad yofili-

yvnen sarwmunoebaSi qarTvelTa dabneulobis mimarT,

rac maTi azriT, gamoixateboda marTlmadideblebis Ta-

vianT sarwmunoebis tradiciuli dogmebisa da ritual-

is erTgulebaSi. misionerebi ar unda cdiliyvnen, rom

qarTvelebs uari eTqvaT TavianT ritualze. maT unda

daerwmunebinaT marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi, rom paps

uyvarda da pativs scemda berZnul marTlmadideblobas

feraras msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebaTa mixedviT,

romlis amsaxveli dokumentebi misionerebs Tan unda

wamoeRoT saqarTveloSi. agreTve unda exelmZRvanelaT

pap klemens VIII-is 1595 wlis instruqciiT. magram, Tu

vinme moindomebda kaTolikobaze gadasvlas, maSin misi-

onerebs unda gamoeyenebinaT grigori XV-is formula1.

pap klemens VIII-is instruqciis amosavali iyo 1595

wlis 23 dekemberis SeTanxmeba papsa da rus episkopo-

sebs Soris. kievis, galiciisa da sruliad ruseTis ar-

qiepiskoposma da mitropolitma mixailma da masTan

erTad imave provinciis episkoposebma, romlebsac `wmin-

da sulma gaunaTa gulebi~, didi xnis bWobis Semdeg

gadawyvites Serigebodnen romis eklesias, dabrunebo-

dnen romis pirvel mRvdelmTavars, qristes moadgiles,

drois didi intervalis _ 150 welze meti xnis Semdeg.

es gadawyvetileba miRebul iqna berZnebis mibaZviT.

isini pirvelni Seurigdnen romis eklesias pap evgeni

IV-is dros florenciis saeklesio krebaze. rusma epis-

1 Vries W. de, Rom und Patriarchate de Ostens, Freiburg, 1963, p. 201-205.

50

koposebma TavianTi msjeloba Caiweres da xeli moa-

weres 1594 wlis 2 dekembers. episkoposebi sigeliT iT-

xovdnen paps daeloca maTi romis eklesiasTan SeerTeba

im pirobiT, rom isini SeinarCunebdnen TavianT wesebs

da ceremonias RvTismsaxurebaSi, saidumloebaTa aRs-

rulebisas da sxvas im uniis Tanaxmad, romelic mi-

Rebuli iqna florenciis saeklesio krebaze. orive mxa-

re iRebda valdebulebas erToblivad emxilaT yvela

eresi, gaesamarTlebinaT sqizma, daewyevlaT yvela Sec-

doma, romelsac gmobs romis kaTolikuri eklesia; swo-

rad momxdariyo kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis aRiareba;

episkoposebi samudamo Tavdebi iqnebodnen qristes WeS-

mariti moadgilisa papis winaSe1.

saqarTveloSi damkvidrebulma don pietro avitabi-

lem sakuTari TvaliT naxa adgilobrivi marTlmadide-

beli mosaxleoba, ganurCevlad socialuri mdgomareo-

bisa, rogor mtkiced icavda mamapapaTa sarwmunoebas.

kaTolikobis propaganda uxifaTo rom ar iyo am

qveyanaSi, amis Sesaxeb sruliad gasagebad werda romSi

1629 w. 28 marts don pietro avitabile, romelis xe-

liTac, papis varaudiT, kaTolikuri rwmena unda eRiar-

ebina Teimuraz mefes. wmida kongregacia de propaganda

fides kardinalTa kolegiisaTvis gagzavnil relaciaSi

Cans, rom misionerebi saqarTveloSi TvalnaTliv darw-

mundnen, rom maT uaRresad rTuli davalebis Sesrule-

ba daakisres. amasTan erTad saqarTveloSi maT daxvdaT

laTinebis, SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, mteri ber-

1 Ibidem, p. 201-205; Из буллы папы Климента VIII о принятии унии

православными епископами Западной Руси (1595 г. 23 декабря). /

Перевод с латинского. Уния в документах, Минск, 1997, № 23, c.

118-122.

51

Znebi, romlebsac sakmaod mravalricxovani diaspora

hqondaT. amitom moiTxovda don pietro avitabile, rom

romidan saqarTveloSi gamogzavnil im `werilebSi, rom-lebic daiwereba mefis, aseve patriarqisa da mitropo-litis saxelze, gTxovT, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar iyos raime naxsenebi arc berZnebze, arc sarwmunoebaze, mima-rTavT ra maT mxolod siyvarulisa da pativiscemis ga-momxatveli sityvebiT, uCvenebT ra, amasTanave, Cvens si-xaruls imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom maT Cven migviRes keTilganwyobiT. aseTi sifrTxile aucilebelia, raTa ar mivceT sababi berZnebs, SeTxzan axali ciliswameba Cvenze da Teson ganxeTqileba. is, rac Seexeba qristian-uli sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebis sakiTxs, es sakiTxi dagvitoveT Cven, vimyofebiT ra adgilze, sistematurad varT amiT dakavebuli~1.

qarTuli eklesiis gaucxoeba romis eklesiisagan

kargad Cans 1631 wlis 27 marts, Teimuraz mefis rwmu-

nebiT aRWurvili elCis don pietro avitabiles mier

romSi umaRlesi mRvdelmTavarisaTvis wardgenil mokle

moxsenebaSi saqarTveloSi politikuri da religiuri

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. man 32 muxlad Camoayaliba qarT-

velTa `dabneuloba~ religiaSi. m. TarxniSvilma, Tavisi

Sexedulebisamebr, SearCia da gamoaqveyna am moxsenebis

mxolod 15 muxli, romlebic ZiriTadad qarTveli marT-

lmadideblebis da laTinebis religiuri rwmenis mixed-

viT gansxvavebulobas asaxavs. avitabile wers:

`1. isini (qarTvelebi _ e.m.) uaryofen suli wmidis

gadmosvlas Zisagan.

2. isini uaryofen cecxlis arsebobas gansawmende-

lSi.

1 Ibidem, p. 227-228.

52

3. maT ara aqvT gansakuTrebuli samarTali qris-

tianebisaTvis.

4. mkvdreTidan aRdgomis win maT eZlevaT RmerTis

uSualo xilvis saSualeba.

5. urwmunoebs asamarTleben mxolod gansakuTre-

buli samarTliT.

6. qristianebs SeuZliaT gadarCena locviT saSin-

el samsjavromde jojoxeTidanac ki.

7. isini xelaxla naTlaven maTTan dabrunebul ga-

ndgomilebs.

8. isini amtkiceben, rom naTloba SeuZlia mxolod

mRvdels zeTis kurTxeviTac ki.

9. roca meuRle unayofoa, xdeba gayra. igive xde-

ba mruSobis drosac.

10. isini exmarebian momakvdavs datovos es samyaro

sxvadasxva meTodebiT.

11. misdeven uzomod Rvinis smas.

12. isini uaryofen, rom saswaulebi xdeba CvenTan.

13. Tu mRvdeli Cavarda xorciel codvaSi, Tundac

saidumlod, moZRvari aRsarebis dros ukrZalavs mas imsax-

uros eklesiaSi, amitom aseT codvaSi Cavardnils mRvdeli

aRsarebaSi ar moixseniebs. igi Sercxvenili codviT ga-

nagrZobs samsaxurs sikvdilamde.

14. mRvdelmTavris xelisuflebaze isini fiqroben,

rom mas SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba mxolod dade-

biTi uflebiT, magram umniSvnelo sakiTxebSi.

15. ukanaskneli, e.i. qarTvelTa 33-e dabneuloba

Semdegia: `maSin, rodesac isini imdenad damaxinjebuli saxiT gadaiwevian (ixrebian) WeSmariti rwmenisagan, Ta-vianT siamayed sTvlian, rom rogorc amboben maTSi Ti-Tqmis yvela, Tu qristianuli sarwmunoeba daecema

53

mTels msoflioSi, maTSi is kvlav aRdgenili iqneba mTlianad, uvneblad~1.

ganxiluli masalebi gviCvenebs, rom XVII saukunis

pirvel naxevarSi romSi saqarTvelo miaCndaT im qveynad

sadac papis warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT Tavisuflad

emoRvawaT, saidanac SeiZleboda kontaqtebi ganexor-

cielebinaT kavkasiisa da mis mezobel qveynebTan, magram

Tavi unda SeekavebinaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

mosaxleobaSi kaTolikuri propagandisgan. misionerebi,

iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, am moTxovnas asrulebdnen

XIX saukunis 40-an wlebamde.

1 TarxniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi XVII

saukuneSi (Targmani laTinuridan) // saqarTvelos urTier-

Toba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, t. IV-V, Tbilisi,1998,

gv. 378-379.

54

romis eklesiis warmomadgenelTa saqmianoba

saqarTveloSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebisaTvis

Teimuraz I-is dros

romis eklesiis saqmianoba kaTolikobis gavrcel-

ebisaTvis saqarTveloSi Cvens istoriografiaSi warmod-

genilia rogorc umtkivneulo, sasurveli procesi, ro-

gorc qveynis gadarCenis umniSvnelovanesi piroba. n.

berZeniSvilis mixedviT, kaTolike misionerebis saqmiano-

bas XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi gansakuTrebuli warmateba

xvda: `qarTvelebi kaTolikobas Tavisi qveynis politi-

kur momavals ukavSirebdnen. yvela, vinc qveynis dacvi-

sa, misi aRdgenisa da ganTavisuflebisaTvis ibrZoda,

qristianobda da ase Tu ise `frangobda~ qarTvelobisa-

Tvis mebrZolTa es dasi mzad iyo papis uzenaesoba eRi-

arebina, qarTuli eklesia romis taxtisaTvis daemor-

Cilebina da mTel saqarTveloSi kaTolikoba gaevr-

celebina, oRond ki safrangeT-evropis politikuri dax-

mareba mieRo eran-osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi~1.

aseT Tvalsazriss ewinaaRmdegeba cnobili werilobiTi

wyaroebi, rogorc dokumenturi, ise naratiuli, Tuki

maT kritikulad ganvixilavT. winaswar mxolod imas

vityvi, rom, marTalia, qarTvelebi seriozul ekonomik-

ur da politikur perspeqtivebs usaxavdnen evropis

qveynebis xelisufalT, magram im periodSi maT saqarT-

1 berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan // saqarT-

velos istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 151-152. istorikosma igive gaimeora Tavis sxva naSromSic. ix. misi,

vaxuStis biografiisaTvis. saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi,

IV, Tbilisi, 1967, gv. 298-299. n. berZeniSvilis mosazrebas

srulad iziarebda v. gabaSvili. ix. misi sulxan-saba

orbeliani rogorc diplomati // sulxan-saba orbeliani

1658-1958. saiubileo krebuli, Tbilisi,1959, gv. 63.

55

velos gamo iran-osmaleTTan urTierTobis daZabvis

arc araviTari survili da arc SesaZlebloba hqondaT.

saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva kaToli-

kuri ordenis warmomadgenlebi moRvaweobdnen: XVII s.

jer avgustinelebi1, Semdeg Teatinelebi, 60-iani wlebi-

dan ki kapucinelebi. isini emsaxurebodnen erT umTavres

mizans – kaTolikobis gavrcelebas, romlis misaRwevad

iyenebdnen saganmanaTleblo da humanur saSualebebs da,

zogjer, garkveul warmatebasac aRwevdnen, magram ara

qarTvel marTlmadideblebSi.

misionerebi modiodnen maSin, rodesac saqarTvelo

dasavleTis qristianuli qveynebisagan TiTqmis sruli-

ad izolirebuli, mezobel muslimur qveynebTan gamud-

mebuli brZolebiT, Sinauri feodaluri SuRliT iyo

dasustebuli. ekonomikurad da kulturulad daqveiTe-

buli qveynisaTvis aucilebeli iyo mowinave qristian-

ul evropasTan urTierToba. am kavSiris ganxorciele-

bis erT-erT mniSvnelovan saSualebad kaTolike mision-

erebi iTvlebodnen. isini sakmaod momzadebuli modiod-

nen aRmosavleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris, saqarTveloSi,

moxerxebulad sargeblobdnen mosaxleobis gaWirvebiT

da cdilobdnen maTi keTilganwyobis mopovebas, rasac

maTi azriT, unda mohyoloda kaTolikobis zeimi.

wyaroebis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, qarTveli marT-

lmadideblebi kaTolike misionerebis saqmianobisadmi

1 avgustinlebis ordenma saxelwodeba miiRo V saukuneSi mo-

Rvawe wminda avgustinis saxelidan. avgustinelebis Raribu-

li ordeni daarsa pappma aleqsandre IV-m 1256 wels. mis sa-

TaveSia arCeviTi general-priori. ordenis gansakuTrebiT

ayvavebis periodia XVI s. dasawyisi. ordeni ufro adamianis

sulis gadarCenisaTvis iRwvoda vidre mecnierebisa da ek-

lesiis ganviTarebisaTvis.

56

Semwynareblobas amJRavnebdnen ara mxolod imitom, rom

ase moeTxoveboda maspinZels stumris mimarT. qarTvel

mowinave, saxelmwifoebrivad moazrovne adamianebs, gan-

sakuTrebiT politikosebs da eklesiis ierarqebs, karg-

ad esmodaT, rom kaTolike misionerebis zurgs ukan id-

ga dasavleT evropis erT-erTi udidesi politikuri

gavlenis mqone _ romis papi, romlis sityvas didi mni-

Svneloba hqonda im qveynebis aRmosavlur politikaSi,

romelTagan samxedro, politikur da finansur daxmare-

baze ocnebobdnen saqarTveloSi. qarTvelTa aseTi ganw-

yobileba da maTi kaTolikuri ritualisa da eklesiis

mowyobisadmi bunebrivi interesi patrebs TiTqosda qve-

ynis yvela sazogadoebrivi fenisa da TviT eklesiis

msaxurTa kaTolikobze moqcevis iluzias uqmnida. pat-

rebis aseTi suliskveTebiTaa gamsWvaluli romSi gag-

zavnili relaciebi, romlebSic xan gulwrfeli rwme-

niT, xan ki TvalSisacemi Segnebuli gazviadebiT gacxa-

debulia, rom TiTqos sul male da advilad kaToli-

kobs aRiarebda mefe da misi kari, Tavadaznauroba da

maTi msaxurni, glexebi da moqalaqeni1. magram, rodesac

am imedebis gamarTleba ar xdeboda, zogierTi calke-

uli SemTxvevis garda, isini mizezs qarTvelTagan mama-

papaTa sarwmunoebaze mtkiced dgomaSi ki ar xedavdnen,

aramed TavianT SecdomebSi (isini oficialurad ase

werdnen), TiTqos TviTon aklebdnen mcdelobas, TiTqos

romidan ar iyo jerovani daxmareba da sxv.

1 relaciebisadmi ukritiko midgomam m. TamaraSvils aTqmevi-

na, rom `xSirad saqarTveloSi ara marto kerZo pirebi iyv-

nen kaTolikebad, aramed umravlesoba, Tavadebi, mefeebi,

TviT kaTalikosebic ki SeerTebuli iyvnen romis eklesias-

Tan~. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa So-

ris, gv. 55.

57

sinamdvileSi misionerebi imdenad gulubryviloni

ar iyvnen, rom maT ise efiqraT, rogorc TavianT uf-

rosebs romSi swerdnen. maTi aseTi moqmedebis asaxsne-

lad, vfiqrob gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime garemoeba:

erTi is, rom misionerebs unda gaemarTlebinaT saqarT-

veloSi, romidan sakmaod Sors mdebare qveyanaSi, Tavi-

anTi xangrZlivi yofna da miRwevaTa gazviadebiT eCvene-

binaT gaweuli xarjebis azrianoba. saqarTveloSi war-

matebuli saqmianoba maTTvis, zogjer, karieris maRal

safexurze gadaadgilebis saSualeba iyo. savaraudoa,

agreTve, adgilobriv xelisufalTa zegavlena misione-

rebze. am ukanasknelT romSi gasagzavn TavianT weri-

lebsa da moxsenebebSi iseTi suraTi unda daexataT,

romelSic mefe, didebulebi da mosaxleobis ZiriTadi

masa gamoyvanili iqnebodnen kaTolikobisadmi keTilgan-

wyobilad. sanacvlod, qarTvelebi papTan da romis

maRal sasuliero pirebisaTvis gagzavnil werilebSi

misionerebs yovelTvis dadebiTad axasiaTebdnen (ix.

qvemoT).

rogorc Cans, papis kuriaSi da propaganda fideSic

mSvenivrad kiTxulobdnen striqonebs Soris da maTTvis

gasagebi iyo misionerebis winaSe mdgari amocanis sir-

Tule. amitom romis politikosebi cdilobdnen maqsima-

lurad gamoeyenebvinaT is gansacdeli, romelic qarTve-

lebs mezobeli muslimuri qveynebidan emuqreboda da

dapirebuli daxmarebis sanacvlod romis mier SeTava-

zebuli pirobebi mieRebinebinaT.

rodesac gamoCenili qarTveli saeklesio da poli-

tikuri moRvawe nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore iru-

baqiZe-irbaxi) 1628 wels, xangrZlivi mogzaurobis Sem-

deg espaneTidan romSi Cavida, vatikanSi misi mosmenac

ki ar isurves, vidre man TavSekavebis Semdeg, samSob-

los interesebisaTvis, oficialurad ar aRiara kaTo-

58

likuri rwmena da dagmo qarTvelTa cdomileba. igi

mxolod amis Semdeg miiRo papma, ris mizezebis asax-

snelad gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi:

1. papi Teimuraz I-isa da qarTveli samRvdeloebis-

gan kaTolikobis aRiarebas moiTxovda: `xolo rodesac Sen yvela wesis dacviT aRiareb orTodoqsul sarwmu-noebas da sazeimod ganacxadeb morCilebas da es cnoba CvenTan mova – swerda papi Teimurazs _ ... Semdeg Sevec-debiT Seni umaRlesobisadmi Zmurad ganvawyo qristiani mefeebi, gansakuTrebiT daviyolioT SenTvis sasurvel megobrobaze espaneTis mefe... saWiroa mTeli ZaliT iz-runo, raTa eklesiis meTaurebi da mRvdelmsaxurebi, ib-eriis sulis mwyemsebi, romlebic uflis saxlSi cxov-roben, SenTan erTad erTsulovnad aRiarebdnen petres saxelmwifos eklesiis xilul meTaurs – romis taxtis saxiT~1.

2. nikifores xeliT gagzavnil werilebSi, rbilad

rom vTqvaT, Teimuraz I ar iyo gulwrfeli, gazviadebu-

li iyo qarTveli mefis samxedro siZliere, romelic

`RvTis madliT da SewevniT eqvs samefos flobs... da mzad hyavs asiaTasiani laSqari Turqebisa da iranele-bis winaaRmdeg saomrad~2. magram sarwmunoebis sakiTxSi Teimurazi raime daTmobas ar fiqrobda. espaneTis mefi-

sa da romis papisadmi gagzavnil werilebSi is imeorebs

erTsa da igive frazas: `Cven yovelni Zmani varT da


III, gv. 199. 2 vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis nakvalevze. qarTveli des-

pani espaneTSi XVII s-is pirveli mesamedis damlevs. gaz.

“komunisti~, 1983, #175.

59

erTi ars RmerTi Cueni~1. qarTveli mefe amiT Tavis ad-

resatebs agrZnobinebs, rom qristianebi yvela erTni

varT da sarwmunoebis sakiTxi Cvens urTierTobaSi gans-

jis sagani ar unda gaxdeso. magram kaTolikur ekle-

sias qarTvelTa daxmareba Tu sWirdeba, am SemTxvevisa-

Tvis mefes gadawyvetili aqvs yoveli Zala ixmaros ka-

TolikeTa sarwmunoebis gansamtkiceblad da udidesi

tiranis dasamxobad, romelic dauZinebeli mteria wmin-

da kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis da qristes saxelis2. rog-

orc Cans, Teimurazi da misi warmomadgenlebi kaToli-kur sarwmunoebaSi, zogadad, qristianobas gulisxmobd-nen.

saqmes ar uSvela Teimuraz mefis diplomatiurma

eSmakobamac. man espaneTis mefis antiosmaluri ganwyobi-

lebis gaZlierebis mizniT osmalTa imperiis mospobis

Semdeg aRdgenili bizantiis taxti SesTavaza: `vambob da vpirdebi Tqvens udidebulesobas, ganvaxorcielebT ra Cvens Canafiqrs, yvela codnas da Zalas movaxmarT imas, raTa Tqvenma udidebulesobam daikavos imperato-ris taxti konstantinopolSi~3.

3. arc papi iyo gulwrfeli. dRevandeli gadasaxe-

didan xom mainc kargad Cans, maSin paps, an sxva kaTo-

like mefes risi gakeTeba SeeZlo saqarTvelosaTvis. pa-

pi Teimurazs ar acnobebda, rom kaTolike mefeebi mis

sityvas imdenad aRar uwevdnen angariSs da, rom maT Ta-

vianTi qveynebis interesebis Sesaferisi sagareo poli-

tikuri kursi hqondaT SemuSavebuli, rom maT xSirad


II, gv. 160. 2 vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis nakvalevze... 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

II, gv. 153.

60

erTmaneTTan ufro meti winaaRmdegoba hqondaT, vidre

osmaleTis saxelmwifosTan, xolo iranTan zogs kargi

urTierTobis damyareba, zogs ki SenarCuneba surda. am

dros evropaSi reformaciis Tu kontrreformaciis mRe-

lvarebas jer ar gaevlo da ocdaaTwliani omic midina-

reobda. masSi Cabmuli iyo evropis saxelmwifoTa umrav-

lesoba. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi espaneTi

iyo. mas upirispirdeboda kardinal riSelies mier Seqm-

nili koalicia safrangeTis, romis papis, veneciis da

holandiis SemadgenlobiT. espaneTma marcxi ganicada.

SeeZlo paps aseT viTarebaSi eSuamdgomla Teimurazisa-

Tvis espaneTis mefis winaSe? ra Tqma unda, _ ara. papi

espaneTis mefesTan Suamdgomlobas mxolod mis mier

kaTolikobis aRiarebis Semdeg pirdeboda, rac mxolod

diplomatiur manevrad unda CaiTvalos. ufro metic,

papi am pirobis Sesrulebamde TeimurazTan werilis mi-

werazec ki Tavs ikavebda. mTavari iyo qarTvelebs kaTo-

likoba mieRoT da, Semdeg rac moxdeboda, isev qar-

Tvelebis sazrunavi iqneboda.

araerTgvarovania qarTveli istorikosebis mier ni-

kifore ColoyaSvilis elCobis Sedegebis Sefaseba.

Teimuraz I-ma, miuxedavad imisa, rom dasavleT ev-

ropidan dabrunebuli nikifore ColoyaSvilisagan karg-

ad icoda rac ainteresebda paps da saqarTvelos guli-

saTvis arc kaTolike mefeebi daiwyebdnen osmaleTis an

iranis winaaRmdeg oms, jerjerobiT aramizanSewonilad

CaTvala misionerebis ganawyeneba an saqarTvelodan ma-

Ti gaZeveba. Znelia g. akofaSvilis mier nikifore Colo-

yaSvilis elCobis Sedegebis Sefasebis gaziareba, TiT-

qos `romis papis aRniSnuli aqciebi, - werilebi da

Suamdgomloba evropis saxelmwifoTa winaSe, _ niko-

61

loz ColoyaSvilis diplomatiis didi gamarjveba iyo~1.

uaryofiTad afasebda aRniSnuli elCobis Sedegebs iv.

javaxiSvili: `sruli unayofoba. papis werili da pasuxi

[aseTi iyo]: iareT Cvens eklesiaSi, scaniT romis ekle-

siis upiratesoba da yvelaferi kargad wavao~2. aseTive

iyo n. irbaxis elCobis saboloo Sedegis Sefaseba s. ka-

kabaZis3 da b. giorgaZis4 mier. evropaSi daxmarebis Zi-

ebas, saerTod, mcdar sagareo politikur kursad afa-

sebda m. TarxniSvili. igi werda: àmdenad sasowarkve-Tili Tavis Sinagan cxovrebaSi, qarTvelebi cdilob-dnen mxolod erTs, raTa moeSorebinaT maTi sulis SemxuTveli urwmunoTa rkinis uReli. magram erTad-erTi saSualeba, romelsac SeeZlo maTTvis gaewia didi sargebloba, es iyo gaerTianeba da SigniT mSvidobis damyareba, magram es arvis azrad ar mosdioda. elo-debodnen ra gadarCenas imaTgan, vizec srulebiT ar SeiZleboda imedi hqonodaT, sxva xalxebisagan, maTgan sakmaod Sors myofTagan. saqarTvelos mefeebi da mTa-

vrebi vedrebiT emTxveodnen ferxTwinaSe reC pospoli-tas, avstriis, espaneTisa da aseve ruseTis xelmwife-ebis winaSe, Tumca frTxilad agzavnidnen maTTan el-Cebs, sTavazobdnen ra megobrobas da pirdebodnen bevr sxva rames da Txovdnen maT daxmarebas, romeli maT

1 akofaSvili g., qarTveli diplomati nikoloz ColoyaSvili – nikifore irbaxi (XVII s.), Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 45.

2 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, Tbilisi, 1967,

gv. 349. 3 kakabaZe s., qarTuli wignis beWdvis 300 wlis iubilesaTvis.

`qarTuli mwerloba~, 1929, №8-9. 4 don judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze. / italiuri

teqsti Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo b. gi-

orgaZem, Tbilisi, 1964, gv. 16-18.

62

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeeZloT aRmoeCinaT saqarTve-

losaTvis~1 Teimurazi cdilobda misionerebi daerwmunebina,

rom Tavis samefoSi kaTolikobisaTvis upiratesobis mi-

niWeba surda, magram amis aRsrulebaSi mas xels uSli-

da sxvadasxva garemoeba: qveyanaSi arastabiluri mdgo-

mareoba da berZeni samRvdeloeba. amitom, rogorc pat-

ri iakobi roms acnobebda (SeiZleba Teimuraz mefis

zemoqmedebiT), `moifiqra am yovlad brZenma mefem, rom saidumlod aRasrulos. raTa Tavidan aicilos yoveli ganxeTqileba da SfoTi, amis gamo daadgina, saidumlod warmosTqvas (kaTolikuri – e.m.) sarwmunoebis simbolo, raTa miT gamoacxados Tavisi Tavi romis eklesiis Svi-lad da ese misionerTaTvis mfarvelobisa da daxmare-bis aRmoCeniT xalxi nel-nela SeaCvios laTinurs wes-sa, rom Semdgom ufro uSiSrad SeiZlos saqveynod kaT-olike sarwmunoebis aRsareba~2.

Teimuraz mefis mier papTan gagzavnili werilis

gamo, don jakomo di stefano don pietro dela vales

acnobebda, rom qarTveli mefe paps ise werda, rogorc

kaTolike mefe, raSic mas didad epareboda eWvi da na-

trobda: RmerTma inebos, rom Teimuraz mefe namdvilad

gaxdes kaTolike mefeo3.

1 TarxniSvili m., Teatineli mociqulebi saqarTveloSi XVII

saukuneSi (Targmani laTinuridan) // saqarTvelos urTierT-oba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan, t. II, Tbilisi, 1995, gv.

281. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 107. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

III, gv. 133.

63

Teimuraz I, rodesac papma 1630 wels mas kaToli-

kobaze qveynis moqceva moTxova, iZulebuli gaxda, mi-

kib-mokibvis gareSe, epasuxa: `didi konstantines drod-gan vidre aqamde, qristes sarwmunoeba da misi siyvaru-li ise Seucvlelad davicaviT, TiTqos RvTis mier Cvens gulSi Rrmad aRbeWdili yofiliyos is siyvaruli da is sarwmunoeba~. Sah-abasis mier aklebisa da ganad-

gurebis miuxedavad, qveyanam `sarwmunoeba Seuryevlad da mtkiced daicva. Cvenc didad vimedovnebT, raTa ara-viTari mwvaleblobis SecdomilebaSemoreoda Cvens sar-wmuneobas. egreTve didi sasoeba gvaqvs RvTisa, rom ama-ve sarwmunoebaSi mtkiced davrCeT da ganuxrelad davi-cvaT igi, vidre qveynis aRsasrulamde... ai es qristiani sarwmunoeba iyo mizezi imisa, rom erTxel deda Cveni wavida iranis mefesTan saTxovnelad, rom mis xelSi Ca-vardnil qarTvelebs, romlebsac sarwmunoebis uari ey-oT, SesZlebodaT Tavisuflad da uSiSrad dabrunebul iyvnen samSobloSi da Sesdgomodnen TavianT uwindel sarwmunoebas. magram saubedurod sul sxva moxda~1. pap-ma urban VIII-m 1631 wlis 21 ivnisis werilSi sruliad

gaamJRavna romis mizani. masSi erTi sityvac ki ar iyo

Teimurazisa da misi samefosadmi daxmarebaze. papi wer-

da: `rodis iqneba, rom kaTolike uZlieresTa mefeTa Ta-vianTi sulieri Zma giwodon? maS, nuRa ayovnebT. sZli-eT yovel siZnelesa; rogorc uwin iveriis samefo iyo Teatri Tqvenis gamarjvebisa, ise axla vatikani Seiqmnas taZrad Tqveni sarwmunoebisa. romi didis aRtacebiT miiRebs Tqven sanatrel elCebs, rodesac aq wminda pet-resadmi morCilebis gamosacxadeblad movlen, im petre-


gv. 108.

64

sadmi, romelsac Sehyavs mefeni saukuno bednierebisa da gamarjvebis sasufevelSi~1.

niSandoblivia, rom amis Semdeg Teimurazis damoki-

debuleba misionerebisa da, saerTod, romis mimarT,

sruliad Seicvala. is sabolood darwmunda, rom dasav-

leTidan daxmarebis miReba ver moxerxdeboda, Tundac

papis moTxovna daekmayofilebina da saqarTvelos koal-

iciuri ZalebiT (qarTl-kaxeTi, odiSi da imereTi) aRmo-

savleT amierkavkasiaSi iranis samflobeloebs Seutia.

imave dros osmaleTis elCTan molaparakeba hqonda, mag-

ram rostom mefe yizilbaSTa jariT qarTlSi SemoiWra

da Teimurazi iZulebuli gaxda imereTSi gaqceuliyo2.

avitabile, saqarTveloSi kargad cnobili kaTolike mo-

Rvawe, vidre Teimuraz I taxtis mpyrobeli da qveynis

patroni iyo, qeba-didebiT moixseniebda da romSi war-

dgenil moxsenebaSi ase axasiaTebda:

1 iqve, gv. 118. imave dRes papma urban VIII-m werili gaugzavna

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos zaqaria I-s (1623-1632)

da mouwoda `vatikanis mTa-wmidas SemouerTos iveriis mefe da eri“, magram iqve imasac acnobebda, rom patr pietros

`ratom ar mohyavs Tan am saSiS gzaSi Tqven mier naTxovni

mkurnalebi da mxatvarni“. iqve, gv. 120-121; misive, qarTuli

eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 427-428. manamde ki, 1626 w. 4 ivlisiT daTariRebuli werili gaugzavna guriis mTavarsa

da dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos malaqia II-s (1605-1639).

maTac kaTolike patrebis kargad miReba da daxmareba Txova. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 151-152; misive, qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv.

458-459. 2 don pietro avitabile, cnobebi saqarTveloze (XVII saukune)

/ Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi b. giorgaZisa, Tbilisi,

1977, gv. 44-46, 50.

65

`1. Teimurazis erTguleba romis mamamTavrisadmi, egodenia, rom, roca Seityo Tavis samefoSi mosvla mis mier wargzavnili mRvdlebisa eris sulierad aRzrdi-saTvis, gamouTqmelis sixaruliT aRivso da miiRo igini didis pativiT. kaTolike sarwmunoebisadmi Tavisi mid-rekileba imiT gamoacxada, rom, rodesac iq myofma ber-Znebma romaelebis saxeli gaigones, daiwyes SfoTi da undodaT swrafad ganeZevebinaT misionerebi mTeli same-fodgan, mxned daifara patrebi berZnebisagan, zogs maT-gans Zlier daemuqra da zogic dasaja; erTxel ise gac-xarda, rom xeli daido xmalze da amoZrobas upirebda, Tanac daiZaxa: mirCevnia Tqven yvela aq myofi berZnebi amogwyvitoT, vidre erTi am monazonTagani gavdevno Ce-mi samefodgano. bolos im berZnebs mwvaleblebi uwoda.

2. metad didi niWieri da ganswavluli kacia; karg-ad icis Zveli da axali aRTqma (saRvTo werili), kreba-Ta da wmida mamaTa werilebi.

3. ... erTxel Txova berZnebs, raTa misTvis ganemar-taT laTinebs suliwmidis gamomavloba rogor swamTo; roca ganumartes, maSin uTxra: swored mec egre mwams da kargad rom scnobdeT da gesmodesT is, rasac as-wavliT, darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom Tqvenc laTinebis azrisa iqnebodiTo.

4. ... Zlier ukvirs, rom kaTolikebi ise mtkice da Tavganwirulni arian qristes sarwmunoebis gavrcelebi-saTvis da rom mzad arian amisaTvis Tavi dasdon da sisxli daRvaron xolme.

5. vinaidan dedamisi iseTi keTilmorwmune iyo, rom iranis mefis brZanebiT sarwmunoebis gamo sisxli daR-vara sakvirvelis mxneobiT, amitom didi imedia, esec ga-naTldes zecieris madliT, raTa dautevos Zveli Sec-

66

domilebis gza da Tavisi eriTurT SeuerTdes romis eklesias...~1.

imave avitabiles, rodesac ar gaumarTlda Teimu-

raz I-is mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis imedi, rostomis

mier yizilbaSTa jariT qarTlidan gaZevebuli igive

qristiani mefe RmerTis mier damsaxurebisamebr dasji-

lad gamoacxada2.

avitabile kaTolikobis gavrcelebis SesaZleblo-

bas qarTlSi rostomis gamefebis Semdeg skeptikurad

afasebda: ùfals ar moewoneba amjerad raime niSnis gamomJRavneba, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba vivaraud-oT am xalxis moqceva kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis WeSmar-it mcnebaze, vinaidan es qveyana ukve aRar aris qristi-ani mefeebis mflobelobaSi, aramed Sahis domenia. gan-devnilia qristiani xelmwife da mis adgilze mahmadiani zis; Tumca igi qristianebis Svilia da pirdapiri STa-momavalia qarTlis uZvelesi samefo gvarisa. iq sadac amJamad Cven vcxovrobT (gorSi _ e.m.), es mefe Camovida swored gasuli marxvis dasawyisSi. saerTod yvela didi taSis cemiT Sexvda mas. dResdReobiT laparakoben axal ajanyebaze, rac am qveynis xalxis daudgromlobiTaa ga-mowveuli, an am axali mefis ukmayofiloni arian~3.

***

sainteresoa rogor miiRes Teimuraz mefis elCi

romSi, yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg. pietro dela va-

les gadmocemiT, nikifores ise ar Sexvdnen, rogorc

ucxo qveynis elCs Seefereboda. Teimuraz I-is elCisa-

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesiis istoria dasabamidan

dRemde, gv. 572-573. 2 don pietro avitabile, gv. 48-50. 3 iqve, gv. 18.

67

dmi sifrTxilis gamoCenis da civi damokidebulebis ga-

momJRavnebis mTavari mizezi misi pirovnebisa da aRmsa-

reblobis Sesaxeb cnobebis nakleboba iyo. aseTive da-

mokidebuleba gamomJRavnda da kiTxvebi daisva nikifor-

es madridSi yofnis drosac. 1627 wlis 29 ivliss espa-

neTis samefo sabWos sxdomaze markizma de monteskla-

rosma, grafma hercogma de san lukarma, markizma de la

inoxosam, grafma de montereim, sulierma mamam1, don

xuan de vilielam, hercogma de feriam da grafma de

CinCom dasves kiTxva: aris Tu ara nikifore irbaxi ibe-

riis mefis elCi? iqve gadawyda, rom am sakiTxis gar-

kveva daevalos espaneTis elCs romSi graf de oniates

an neapolis vice mefes, hercog albas. am ukanasknels

daevala, agreTve, informaciis Segroveba saqarTvelo-

ze2.

sainteresoa, rom espaneTis saxelmwifo sabWoze,

rodesac Teimuraz I-is winadadebas ixilavdnen, pirvel-

xarisxovan mniSvneloba SeiZina qarTvelebis religiis

sakiTxma. gamoiTqva sxvadasxva mosazreba. grafi de mon-

tereis winadadebiT, filipe IV-s nikifore irbaxisaTvis

unda moeTxova misi mefis romauli eklesiisadmi damor-

Cilebis Sesaxeb da amiT misTvis unda egrZnobinebina,

rom igi yvelaferze maRla sarwmunoebas ayenebda. am wi-

nadadebas mxari dauWira grafma de segorbem. optimis-

turi iyo hercog de ferias mimarTva mefisadmi. misi

TqmiT, Tu qarTvelebs sakmarisi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

hyavT da religiisa da romis eklesiisadmi damorCile-

bis sakiTxebi mogvardeba, maSin espaneTis floti SeiZ-

1 sxdomis oqmSi miTiTebuli ar aris am pirovnebis saxeli. 2 mamisTvalisvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da dip-

lomatia, II, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 244.

68

leba daexmaroT1. amasTan dakavSirebiT sruliad origi-

naluri da, Cemi azriT, realisturi mosazreba gamoTqva

saxelmwifo sabWos wevrma `sulierma mamam~, romelsac

gansakuTrebuli gavlena unda moexdina espaneTis xeli-

suflebis saqarTvelosTan Semdgom urTierTobaze. man

eWvi gamosTqva, rom mefe Teimurazi da misi qveSevrdo-

mebi Seicvlian sarwmunoebas2. amgvari iyo mizezebi nikifore irbaxisadmi civi Se-

xvedrisa. isic naTelia, rom espaneTis mefis sabWos wev-

ri `sulieri mamis~ mosazreba romSi ar gaiziares da

nikifores rwmenis Scvlis mizniT, fsiqologiuri zewo-

la gamoiyenes. nikifores saqmesTan dakavSirebiT papis

kuriaSi Sedgenil moxsenebaSi naTqvamia, rom romis ier-

arqebis mier gamoTqmuli mokrZalebuli survili niki-

fores normalurad unda mieRo. mas àr unda gakvirve-boda Tu samociqulo taxti moisurvebs, man (nikiforem _ e.m.) warmosTqvas Tavisi rwmenis formula, manamde vi-dre vatikanSi misi winadadebebis ganxilvas Seudgebod-nen. qarTvelebis Sesaxeb CanawerebSi, romlebic inaxeba wm. kongregaciis arqivSi, araferia naTqvami qarTvele-bis cdomilebaze, piriqiT, isini gamoyvanilni arian, ro-gorc samociqulo taxtisa da papis Zalian erTgulni~3. savaraudoa, moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli saeWvod CaTvales

da 1628 w. 21 ivlisis dokumentSi ukve pirdapir aris mi-

TiTebuli nikifore irbaxis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis

aucileblobis Sesaxeb. qarTvel elCs iseTi rwmenis

1 luis xili fernandesi, ilia tabaRua, dokumentebi saqar-

Tvelos istoriisaTvis, gv. 457, dok. # 65 2 iqve, gv. 455, 3 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Грузия и европейские страны. Т. I. Грузия и

Западная Европа XIII-XVII века, кн. I, 2003, с. 385.

69

formula unda warmoeTqva, romelSic igi pirdapir it-

yoda qarTvelTa sarwmuneobrivi dabneulobis Sesaxeb1.

arsebuli wyaroebisa da gavrcelebuli mosazrebis

mixedviT nikifores moixseniebdnen rogorc wm. basilis

moweses. Tu es ase iyo, maSin ratom moTxoves mas kaTo-

likobis aRiareba? basilianelebi xom umTavres kaTo-

likur postulatebs (papis primats da filiokves) aRi-

arebdnen?

nikiforem, SeiZleba, basilianoba aRiara evropaSi

gamgzavrebis win. eWvi, rom samarTliania, naTlad ga-

moCnda misi cxovrebis Semdgom periodSi, kerZod, misi

romidan wamosvlisa da saqarTvelosa da ierusalimSi

saqmianobis dros. Cans, rom misi basilianoba ar dai-

jeres. amitom mosTxoves, rom jer kaTolikoba eRiare-

bina da amis Semdeg moxdeboda misi papTan audienciaze

daSveba2. romael politikosebs sakmarisad ar miaCndaT mxo-

lod nikifore irbaxis gakaTolikeba, isini TviT mefis

gakaTolikebas moiTxovdnen. kongregaciis sxdomaze ga-

nixiles specialurad Sedgenili `mdivan ingolis mosa-zrebebi qarTveli elCis moTxovnebze~, romelTa arsi,

upirveles yovlisa, mdgomareobda Teimuraz mefisaTvis

gagzavnili specialuri kaTolikuri literaturiT `ga-

naTlebaSi~. e. i. Teimuraz mefe, rom florenciis msof-

lio saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebaTa safuZvelze

romis wminda taxts SeerTeboda, elCisaTvis unda gaeta-

nebinaT wminda samociqulo taxtis mier aRiarebuli

saeklesio krebebis dabeWdili àqtebi~, romlebsac mefe

da mis ierarqebi gaecnobodnen.

1 Тамже, с. 385-386, примеч., c. 298. 2 vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo pol-

tika da diplomatia, II, gv. 262-268.

70

nikifore irbaxisaTvis Sedgenili iqna specialuri

instruqcia, romlis mixedviTac mas, samSobloSi dabru-

nebis Semdeg, kaTolcizmis sasargeblod unda emoqmeda1.

gvaqvs ramdenime cnoba nikifores kaTolike misionereb-

Tan urTierTobis Sesaxeb, magram es xdeboda ara

rogorc kaTolikis kaTolikebTan, aramed, rogorc gav-

leniani pirovnebisa da moRvawis im adamianebTan, ro-

melTa Tanamorwmuneebma mas evropaSi elCad yofnis

dros garkveuli daxmareba aRmouCines. SeiZleba misi

aseTi moqmedeba imiTic iyo gamowveuli, rom saqarTve-

loSi moRvawe misionerebi ar axmaurebdnen mis mier

romSi kaTolikobis da qarTvelTa cdomilebis aRiareb-

as, razec ukve aRiniSna. SeiZleba, amis gamo nikifore

misionerebis mxriv zemoqmedebasac ganicdida.

1 Ватейшвили Д. Л., Грузия и европейские страны. Т. I. Грузия и Западная

Европа XIII-XVII века ,с. 397-398.

71

kastelis naxatebi _ saqarTvelos istoriis

mniSvnelovani furclebi

don kristoforo de kasteli da elene aTabagi

saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTolike misionerebs Soris

niWiTa da Semoqmedis diapazoniT gamorCeuli iyo don

kristoforo de kasteli.

don kristoforo de kasteli (1597-1659) daibada

genuaSi, aRizarda palermoSi. saqarTveloSi Camovida,

rogorc misioneri. man ori weli (1632-1634) dahyo gorSi,

5 weli guriaSi da 15 weli samegreloSi. kasteli saqa-

rTveloSi nayofier muSaobas eweoda: xatavda suraTebs

(mis mier Sesrulebuli aTasze meti naxatidan Semog-

vcqeris misi Tanamedrove mravali qarTveli saero Tu

sasuliro moRvawe, cnobili da ucnobi qalbatonebi,

dasaxlebuli adgilebis xedebi da sxv.) aformebda ek-

lesiis kedlebs, avadmyofebs kurnavda, romSi agzavnida

dawvrilebiT informacias qarTveli xalxis cxovrebis

TiTqmis yvela mxareze. mis namoRvawars, saukuneebis

Semdgac ar daukargavs mniSvneloba Cveni qveynis isto-

riisa da eTnografiis Sesaswavlad1.

kastelis naxatebma Cvenamde, samwuxarod, sruli

saxiT ver moaRwia. „romidan Cems samSoblo qalaq pa-lermoSi dabrunebis dros, _ werda kasteli, _ zRvaze Relvisas, wyalSi gadamivarda erTi tomi, romelSiac yvelaze mSvenieri suraTebi mqonda daxatuli“, SeniSn-avs damwuxrebuli avtori. rogorc miqel TamaraSvili aRniSnavda: „samwuxarod Cvenamde sisruliT verc am al-

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia sa-qarTveloSi, Targmani, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi murman papa-

Svilisa, Tbilisi, 2009.

72

bomebSi daculma suraTebma moaRwies, radgan SevniSne rom ramdenime suraTi ukve amoWrili iyo. da amgvarad, samudamod dakargula CvenTvis. danarCeni suraTebis mo-metebuli nawilic male daiRupeboda saqarTvelosaTvis, ukeTu axla ar mogveswro da ar gadmogveRo, radgan wi-gnebi Zalian daZvelebulan da xelis Sexebis dros fu-rclebi ixeva, ris gamoc iZulebuli gavxdi bevr ad-gilas furclebi damewebebina. yvela naxati kalmiTaa moxazuli, rac aZnelebda maT sisruliT gadmoRebas. am-isTvis bevri viSrome da orgzis siciliaSi mogzaurob-is garda, didi xarji Tavs vide, radgan kargad gadmo-RebisaTvis saWiro gaxda daxelovnebuli fotografi mogvewvia da bevri gveSroma, garna yvelaferi didis si-amovnebiT vitvirTe, raTa saqarTvelosaTvis SegveZina es Zvirfasi ganZi Cvenis warsulisa“.

kastelma dagvitova uZvirfasesi Canaxatebis albo-

mi, romelSic aisaxa saqarTveloSi misi yofnis perio-

dis (1628-1654) mogonebebi, qveynis socialur-politikur

cxovreba, misi Tanamedrove adamianebis saxeebi da sxv.

kastelis mier Sekrebili masalebi da adgilze Sesru-

lebuli Canaxatebi, romlebic kastelis xangrZliv da

xifaTiT aRsavse mogzaurobis dros daRupvas gadaurCa

daculia qalaq palermos komunalur biblioTekaSi.

kastelis albomSi sul 570 naxatia, 100 gverdi ki

relacionis teqsts ukavia. naxatebidan 150 suraTi saso-

flo-sameurneo cxovrebas exeba; 100 qveynis mesveurTa,

mefe-mTavarTa da cnobili pirebis portretebia; 150 su-

raTze sxvadasxva erovnebis qalTa saxeebia mocemuli;

100 suraTi portretuli xasiaTisaa; ociode naxatSi

asaxulia Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebis gamosaxule-

bani; aTiode suraTi fantastikuri xasiaTisaa; ociode

— nagebobaTa nimuSebia. amis garda kastelis dasuraTe-

buli aqvs misioneruli moRvaweobis aTiode scena. su-

73

raTebis arSiebze warwerebi Serulebulia TerTmet ena-

ze, magram yvela suraTs aucileblad axlavs axsna-gan-

marteba italiur enaze, zogierTs ki ramdenime enaze1.

m. TamaraSvils palermos sajaro biblioTekaSi

unaxavs kastelis naxatebi oTx tomad, nomrebiT: 92, 93,

94, 952.

***

XVII s. pirveli naxevari dasavleT saqarTvelo Se-

iZleba aRqmuli iqnes, rogorc odiSis mZlavri mTavris

levan II dadianis (1611-1677) batonobis periodi. misi ga-

vlena igrZnoboda aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic, gansaku-

TrebiT mas Semdeg, rodesac Tavisi da, svimon gurielis

nacolari, mariami qarTlis mefe rostoms miaTxova da

am qorwinebiT Sah sefis mokavSirec gaxda. igi osmale-

Tisagan damoukideblad moqmedebda, sulTans ar epueb-

oda da mxolod simbolur xarks uxdida.

levan dadianis mier sulTnis interesisa da moT-

xovnis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis demonstrirebis kidev

erTi faqti iyo samcxis aTabagis asulis, silamaziT sa-

xelganTqmuli elenes iranSi gagzavna.

1 kastelis albomi gamosca b. giorgaZem. don kristoforო de

kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / teqsti gaSifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo beJan

giorgaZem, Tbilisi, 1976. ix. https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%

83%99%E1% 83%A0%E1%83 %98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9

D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E

1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83

%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98 2 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, Tbi-

lisi, 1902, gv. 592.

https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%25

74

elene didi politikis tipuri, morigi msxverpli

iyo.

elenes cxovrebis pirveli periodis Sesaxeb sain-

tereso cnobebi dagvitova italielma kaTolike misio-

nerma don kristoforo de kastelma1. igi iyo aqtiuri

damkvirvebeli XVII saukunis 20-40-an wlebSi dasavleT

saqarTveloSi mimdinare ambebisa da sakuTari TvaliT

mxilveli imisa, rogor gadaaqcies gurielma da dadian-

ma upatronod darCenili aTabagis asuli TavianTi po-

litikuri miznebis ganxorcielebis saSualebad.

elene iyo asuli samcxis cnobili aTabagis manuC-

ar mesamisa (1614-1625). manuCarma Tavisi samTavros gada-

sarCenad TavgamodebiT ibrZola xan sparselebisa da

xan osmalebis winaaRmdeg. igi qarTl-kaxelebis gverdiT

ibrZoda marabdis velze (1625 w.). cota xnis Semdeg manu-

Cari, romelic samcxeSi Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamo-

savals ver xedavda, stambolSi wavida sulTnis wyal-

obis saTxovnelad. sulTanma Seiwynara misi Txovna da,

rogorc vaxuSti batoniSvili gadmogvcems, `misca qris-tianobiT aTabagoba~. rodesac manuCari samSobloSi

brundeboda, gzaSi Tavisi biZa beqa (SemdegSi safar-fa-

Sa) Sexvda, romelmac stumrad miiwvia Zmiswuli da sa-

wamlaviT moakvlevina. beqa TviTon wavida stambolSi

ìqmna mahmadian, mosca (sulTanma _ e. m.) aTabagoba da

yoveli sazRvari samcxe- saaTabagosi da uwodes safar-

faSa... da mere warmoavlines da movida samcxes 1626

wels~2. movusminoT don kristoforo de kastels: `Cven

1 qarTlis cxovreba, IV. batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera same-

fosa saqarTvelosa. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xel-

naweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 724-

725.

75

ukve movixsenieT elene, saqarTveloSi erT-erTi xelis-uflis _ aTabagis qaliSvili... aTabagi Turqebma daamar-cxes da iZulebuli gaxda qristianobaze uari eTqva, raTa Tavisi samTavrodan ar gaeZevebinaT. miuxedavad Za-lmomreobisa, is WeSmariti qristiani iyo da CvenTan er-Tad protests acxadebda. mas hyavda iSviaTi silamazis qaliSvili, romelic Zalian uyvarda da TvalisCiniviT ufrTxildeboda. eSinoda ra igi Turqebs xelSi ar Cae-gdoT, aTabagma isargebla momentiT da elene guriis mTavar malaqiasTan gagzavna, sadac mas Sevxvdi, rode-sac xsenebul mTavars, rogorc eqimi vemsaxurebodi... guriis mTavarma sparseTis SahTan elCi gagzavna. maSin Sahi iyo abas didi, qalebisadmi siyvaruliT ganTqmuli. man elCs hkiTxa: mis mxareSi arian Tu ara lamazi qa-lebi? elCma upasuxa: rogorc mze varskvlavebs Soris, ise lamaz qalebs Soris brwyinavs elene aTabagi... ar-taanis, samcxis da sxva qveynis mTavris qaliSvili... Sah-ma gadawyvita, rom is Seefereboda Tavis SviliSvils Sah sefis~1.

m. TamaraSvilis mier mopovebuli masalebis mixed-

viT ise gamodis, rom elene samcxis gamahmadianebuli

aTabagis asuli iyo2, rasac kristofore kastelic ara-

sworad gadmogvcems. rogorc iTqva, elene iyo asuli

manuCar III aTabagisa, romelic qristianad gardaicvala,

mas Semdeg, rac igi Tavisma biZam beqam mowamla. beqa ga-

mahmadianda da sulTnisagan aTabagobac miiRo safar-

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia sa-qarTveloSi, Targmani, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi murman papa-

Svilisa, Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 53-54. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 161.

76

faSas saxeliT. ase, rom gamahmadianebuli aTabagi am

dros iyo mxolod safar-faSa igive beqa.

dasaSvebia, rom manuCarma stambolSi gamgzavrebis

win elene, misi usafrTxoebis mizniT, guriaSi Tavis bi-

ZasTan (dedis Zma), malaqia kaTalikosTan gagzavnes.

isic SeiZleboda, rom elene misi mamis mkvlel safar-

faSas gamoarides.

guriaSi, mTavris sasaxlesTan mcxovrebma kaToli-

ke patrebma, imdeni moaxerxes, rom èlene aTabagi ieso qristes saxarebaze moaqcies~, e.i. gaakaTolikes1.

elenes dabadebis weli ar viciT. dasaSvebia, rom

misTvis, rogorc saaTabagos memkvidrisadmi, mamis si-

cocxleSive, Tundac misi mcirewlovanebis Jams, poli-

tikuri mosazrebiT, yuradReba miepyro Sah-abas dids da

Tavisi SviliSvilis, Sah-sefis sacoled moewadinebina2,

rogorc kasteli aRniSnavs3.

kastelis gadmocemiT, elenes mSvid cxovrebaSi ga-

datrialeba gamoiwvia erTma SemTxvevam4: guriis mTavar-

ma malaqia gurielma Tavisi elCi iason nakaSiZe iranis

1 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-velos Seaxeb / teqsti gaSifra, Targmna, gamokvleva da ko-

mentarebi daurTo b. giorgaZem, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 170, nax.

# 436. 2 sefi iyo Sah-abas I-is SviliSvili, mohamed beqir mirzas

Svili. misi deda iyo qarTveli dilerem hanumi, romlis Se-

saxeb sxva raime informacia samwuxarod ar vici. Sussan

Babaie and others: Slaves of the Shah (I.B. Tauris, 2003) p. 104

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_of_Persia. 3 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-

velos Seaxeb, gv. 53. 4 kasteli xSirad imdenad urevs drosa da faqtebs, rom zog-

jer SeuZlebelia movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobis miaxloebiTi

dadgenac ki.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_of_Persia

77

SahTan gagzavna, magram ra mizniT, amis Sesaxeb araviTa-

ri cnoba gagvaCnia. kastelis mixedviT maSin iranis mbr-

Zanebeli Sah-abas I iyo. SahTan audienciis dros saubari

Camovarda qalebis silamazeze. gurielis elCs uTqvams:

`rogorc mze varskvlavebs Soris, ise lamaz qalebs Soris, brwyinavs elene aTabagi... samcxis mTavris qa-

liSvili~. Sahis azriT, Tu elene aseTi lamazi iyo,

maSin igi mis SviliSvils, sefi mirzas colad See-

fereboda da iason nakaSiZes daavala guriis mTavri-

saTvis gadaeca misi survili. elCi gurielTan didZali

saCuqrebiT dabrunda da Sahis Txovnac moaxsena1. kas-

tels elene pirvelad samegreloSi unaxavs, rodesac

igi guriidan gamoiZaxes aTabagis asulis avadmyofobis

gamo da, amis Semdeg igi da elene erTad iyvnen eqvs

welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc gvauwyebs kaste-

lis warwera missave erT naxatze: `poskaveTi is adgi-

lia, sadac Sevxvdi elene aTabags, romelic Semdeg iranis dedofali gaxda. rodesac samegreloSi imyofe-

boda, maSin me guriidan mivedi, rogorc misi eqimi, da eqvs welze meti erTad viyaviT~2.

kasteli, saqarTveloSi (gorSi) Camovida 1632 wels

sxva Svid Teatinel berTan erTad. 1634 wels kasteli,

antonio jardina da klaudio guriaSi gadavidnen da iq

dabinavdnen. am dros elene cxovrobda malaqia guri-

elis sasaxleSi, romlis baRSic mTavarma patrebs sac-

xovrebeli gamouyo. patrebi did mzrunvelobas iCendnen

elenesadmi. gansakuTrebiT axlo urTierToba damyarda

elenesa da kastels Soris. `Cem mimarT elene ganwyobi-

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia sa-

qarTveloSi, gv. 53-54. 2 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-

velos Seaxeb, gv. 458, sur. # 458.

78

li iyo ara rogorc qalbatoni msaxurisadmi, aramed rogorc qaliSvili mamisadmi. sityva CamomarTva, rom mas arasodes mivatovebdi. piroba miveci, rom roca gaT-xovdeboda, Tan gavyvebodi, raTa misi sulisa da sxeu-lisaTvis memsaxura da memkurnala~ _ werda kasteli1.

rodesac iranidan elCi dabrunda, savaraudoa, ma-

laqia gurieli ukve cocxali ar iyo (gardaicvala 1639

wels). malaqias gardacvalebis ambavi Seityo Tu ara,

odiSis mTavari levan dadiani SeiaraRebul ZaliT Sei-

Wra guriaSi da gaamTavra malaqias Zma vaxtangi (1639-

1640). vaxtang gurielisaTvis gasagebi iyo Sahis Cana-

fiqri, rom am qorwinebiT igi daukavSirdeboda aTabagis

ojaxs, romlis samTavro osmaleTis batonobis qveS iyo

da dasavleT saqarTvelos mTavrebis msgavsad, osma-

leTis qveSevrdomebs Soris, kidev erT mokavSires Sei-

Zenda. magram guriis mTavarma odiSis mTavarTan SeTanx-

mebis gareSe gadawyvetileba ver miiRo. rogorc kaste-

li werda, igi imasac iTvaliswinebda, rom, sulTani Tu

Sahis ganzraxvas Seityobda, elenes maSinve TviTon wai-

yvanda2.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma Turqebma gaig-

es Tu ara elenes iranSi gagzavnis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb,

yovelive sulTans acnobes, rasac Sesabamisi reaqcia

mohyva. stambolidan guriaSi sulTnis elCi movida da

elenes wayvana moindoma. gurielma (am dros guriis mTa-

varia qaixosro I, 1640-1658) yovelive odiSis mTavars Se-

atyobina. `man guriels urCia, rom elene masTan gaegza-

vna, xolo TurqebisaTvis miewera, rom elene guriis

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia

saqarTveloSi, gv. 54-55; ix. agreTve, TamaraSvili m., qar-

Tuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 591. 2 iqve, gv. 54.

79

samTavroSi aRar imyofeba. is axla samegreloSia. gu-rielma es rCeva maSinve Seasrula da elene dadianTan gagzavna~1. aTabagis asuli elene odiSis mTavris xel-

Si gadaiqca politikuri intrigis obieqtad.

samegreloSi gamgzavrebis win elenes kastelisaT-

vis uTqvams: `mama don kristoforo, ra unda gavakeTo me uTqvenod, Turqebis2 xelisuflebis qveS. sawyalma ucxom iq ra unda vqna damrigeblisa da im adamianis ga-reSe, romelic mamSvidebs, rogorc amas Tqven akeTebT~. patrma elene daamSvida da dapirda, rom isic male Cavi-

doda samegreloSi. igi isedac apirebda samegreloSi

samudamod gadasvlas vaxtang gurielTan cudi urTer-

Tobis gamo. roca elene samegreloSi gadaiyvanes, kaste-

lic male iq gadavida.

levan dadiani gamomwvevad iqceoda. man arafrad

Caagdo sulTnis moTxovna aTabagis asulis misTvis ga-

dacemis Sesaxeb. elenes iranSi gagzavna sabolood ga-

dawyvetili hqonda. elene iranSi wasvlis kategoriu-

lad winaaRmdegi iyo. magram levan dadianma, elene moa-

tyua, TiTqos mas isev guriaSi agzavnida da 1642 wlis

27 marts iranis gzas gauyena3.

elenem kastels iranSi gayola sTxova. magram mas

amgvari Txovnis dakmayofileba ar SeeZlo im ubralo

mizezis gamo, rom aucilebeli iyo papis nebarTva. kas-

teli elenes Sehpirda, rom, rodesac nebarTvas mii-

Rebda maSinve Seatyobinebda. imave dros kastelma, ro-

gorc elenes sulierma moZRvarma, igi Semdegnairad da-

1 iqve, gv. 55. 2 qristianebi TurqebSi, saerTod, muslimanebs gulisxmobdnen. 3 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia sa-qarTveloSi, gv. 59-60; TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia

dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 591.

80

ariga: ìcodeT qalbatono, rom yvela is sagani, romelsac msoflio Tayvans scems _ imperia, gvirgvini, sasiamovno dros tarebaa da sxva araferi, pativmoyva-reobaa da ubedureba; sxva araferia Tu ara qari da Crdili, romlis gamoCenisas maSinve qreba yvelaferi... SexedeT, ramden wmindan qalwuls uyvars RmerTi da sarwmunoeba. tiranis nu SegeSindeba. mas mxolod dro-ebiTi sikvdili SeuZlia Sens sxeuls miayenos, romelic mokle xanSi Wiebis sakvebi gaxdeba. mxolod sikvdili aZlevs pativs mTel sxeuls da Tu es moxdeba, bednie-ria is, vinc mokle wamebisaTvis samudamo netarebas miiRebs. diax, diax, qalbatono emzade am saqmisaTvis, mieci suli RmerTs da wasvlaze mtkice uari Tqvi, raTa urwmunoTa mefis meuRle ar gaxde~1.

elene iranis dedofali gaxda. erTxel, rogorc

kasteli gadmogvcems, Sah-abas II-m odiSis mTavars, al-

baT, elenes surviliT, despani gaugzavna da kastelis

ispaanSi gagzavna sTxova. amis mowmeni yofilan frangi

eqimebi, romlebic dadianis sasaxlesTan cxovrobdnen.

kasteli, Tavisi naTqvamis damadastureblad, dasaxele-

buli frangi eqimebis werilebs imowmebs2. rogorc kas-

teli gadmogvcems, igi avadmyofobis gamo, elCs ver ga-

hyva3.

kasteli Tavisi erT-erTi naxatis warweraSi am-

bobs: `dedofal elenes moTxovniT iranis xelmwifem

gamogzavna samegrelos mTavarTan avTandil bei, radgan

dedofals surda, rom me masTan wavsuliyavi, magram

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia saqarTveloSi, gv. 56-57.

2 iqve, gv. 61. 3 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-

velos Sesaxeb, gv. 161.

81

mTavarma ar isurva~1. Sahis despani, misi saxelis mixed-

viT, SeiZleba vifiqroT, qarTveli iyo.

kasteli Tavis nawerebSi winaaRmdegobaSi vardeba.

rogorc iTqva, igi Tavis erT-erTi naxatis warweraSi

aRniSnavs, rom iranSi levan dadianma ar gauSva, xolo,

sxvagan pirdapir ambobs, rom iranSi wasvlis nebarT-

visaTvis werili miswera romSi general don gregorio

karafas. `magram amjerad ar SemeZlo iranSi wasvla, ra-

dgan jer ar mqonda wm. kongregacia de propaganda fi-

desagan nebarTva aRebuli, romelsac dampirdnen, gamo-migzavnidnen da ufleba meqneboda iranSi gamgzavrebisa. es Cans kongregaciis maSindeli prefeqtis kardinal onofrios werilidan~2.

kasteli Tavisi survilis safuZvlianobis gasamar-

Tleblad, oficialurad iranSi TeatinelTa misionis

daarsebas asaxelebda, magram mis ganzraxvas romSi ewi-

naaRmdegebodnen. misi iranSi argaSvebis mTavari mizezi,

rogorc kastelis sityvebidan Cans, iyo is rom pap ur-

ban VIII-s ar undoda samegreloSi Teatinelebis mi-

sioni dazaralebuliyo, romlis saqmianobaSi kasteli

did rols TamaSobda. papi urbani gardaicvala 1644 w.

amis Semdeg kongregaciis prefeqtma kardinalma ono-

friom kastels neba darTo wasuliyo iranSi, radgan

misTvis cnobili iyo (mas swerdnen) dedofali elenes

keTil saqmeebis Sesaxeb, `romlebic mimarTuli iyo iqi-

Tken, rom ar mietovebina qristianuli sarwmunoeba~. ma-

gram, sxvadasxva xelisSemSleli garemoebebis gamo, ka-

steli iranSi ver wavida3.

1 iqve, gv. 98. 2 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia

saqarTveloSi, gv. 62. 3 iqve, gv. 62-63.

82

rogorc irkveva, 1643 wlis oqtomberSi kongrega-

cias kastelisTvis gaugzavnia iranSi wasvlis nebarT-

vis werili, romelSic sityvasityviT ewera: `Tqveni ma-RalRirsebis werili iranis kaTolike dedoflis Txov-nasa da survilze, rom Tan hyavdes pirovneba, romelic mis suls warmarTavs, ukve movaxseneT (paps _ e. m.)... SesaZlebelia, nebarTva manamde gaices Tu judiCes, ro-melic kvlav elodeba konstantinopolidan wasvlas, ma-

ma klementesagan gansxvavebuli werili ar eqneba, ro-

mliTac xsenebuli dedofali aCqarebs Tqvens maRa-lRirsebas samsaxurisaTvis~1. werilma kastelamde ver

miaRwia.

elenes iranSi gadedoflebis Semdeg, kasteli, mas-

Tan kavSirs, viTom, pragmatuli mosazrebiT inarCuneb-

da: is iranSi wasvlis survils, amarTlebda imiT, rom

ganzraxuli hqonda elene dedoflis daxmarebiT ispa-

anSi daearsebina kaTolikuri misia, romelsac TviTon

uxelmZRvanelebda, rac man, zemoaRniSnuli mizezebis

gamo, ver ganaxorciela.

kastelis iranSi gaSveba moiwadina urban VIII-s mo-

mdevno papma inoCencio X-m (1644-1655). movusminoT kas-

tels: ìnoCencio X-s surda Cemi iranSi gagzavna, rad-gan xelmwife da dedofali (abas II da elene _ e.m.) mTxovdnen iq wasvlas, raTa damearsebina erTi rezi-dencia. me kargi damokidebuleba mqonda aRniSnul gvir-gvinosnebTan da im saTnoebiT, romelsac me vaRiarebdi, SemeZlo mimeRo eklesia, adgili da cxovrebis saSuale-bani Cveni ZmobisaTvis, da iq, rasac xelmwife iZleva, misi memkvidreeebic adastureben xolme~2.

1 iqve, gv. 40. 2 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-

velos Sesaxeb, gv. 161.

83

davubrundeT levan II dadianis mier elenes iranSi

gagzavnis ambavs. elene didi amaliTa da episkoposis

TanxlebiT qarTlisaken gaistumres. rostom mefe gafr-

Txilebuli iyo. igi elenes sanaxavad didi ZRveniT

mivida, zarbaznebis grialiT gorSi miiyvana da iqve

ùmSvenieres karavSi daabinava~. aTabagis asuli Semdeg

TbilisSi Caiyvanes, sadac aseve didi pativi miages.

Tbilisidan ispaanamde mgzavrobas sami Tve moandomes

da yvelgan didi zeimiT xvdebodnen1.

roca elene ispaanSi miiyvanes, Sah sefi indoeTis

laSqrobaSi imyofeboda. igi male dabrunda, dedofali

sasaxleSi miiwvia da rva dRis ganmavlobaSi zeimobda.

Sahma elenes `didi sixaruli mianiWa, ramdenime qalaqis

garda, didZali Tanxa uboZa sayidlebisa da dros gasa-

tareblad... ufalma ineba, xelmwife-meuRle mokle xanSi

loginad Cavardniliyo da sul male Tavis sayvareli

dedoflis xelSi daelia suli... ase momwera elenem, _ gadmogvcems kasteli, _ xolo saWurisebma, romlebic

Tan axldnen elenes sasaxleSi, gadmomces, rom Sahma

sikvdilis win is ise gamoacxada dedoflad, rom xor-

cielad ar Seucvnia~2.

elene SemdegSi sefis vaJis, abas II-is, coli gaxda

da, rogorc moyvanili amonarididan Cans, elenesa da

kastels Soris, elenes iranSi gamgzavrebis Semdegac,

kontaqti miwer-moweris doneze mainc, grZeldeboda.

kastelis iranSi gaSvebas elene daJinebiT sTxovda

romis pap urban VIII-s. amis Semdeg daiwyo kastelma ro-

1 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia

saqarTveloSi, gv. 60-61. 2 iqve, gv. 61. xazgasma yvelgan Cemia.

84

mSi Tavis ufrosebTan werilebis gagzavna iranSi gam-

gzavrebis nebarTvis mosapoveblad.

saintereso unda iyos elenes asakis garkveva im

droisaTvis, rodesac igi Sah-abas II coli gaxda. jer

gavixsenoT abas II-is mamis, Sah sefis asaki: sefi dai-

bada 1611 wels. papis _ Sah-abas I-is gardacvalebis (1629

w.) da Tavisi gamefebis dros igi iqneboda 17-18 wlis.

sefim imefa 13 weli, igi gardaicvala 1642 wlis 13 ma-

iss da maSinve (15 maisi) gamefda Sah-abas II, dabadebuli

1632 wlis 31 dekembers. gamodis, rom abas II gamefebisas

daaxloebiT 11 wlis unda yofiliyo.

mamis, manuCar III aTabagis (daibada 1591 w.) garda-

cvalebamde (1625 w.) dabadebuli elene, savaraudoa, gu-

riaSi Cayvanis dros mcire asakis, daaxloebiT 10 wlis

an ufro metis unda yofiliyo. amas mafiqrebinebs kas-

telis monaTxrobi. 1634 wels axalgacnobil eleneze

kasteli ise laparakobs, rogorc zrdasrul adamianze.

amitom mgonia, rom, rodesac igi ispaanSi Caiyvanes (1642

w.), oci wlisa mainc unda yofiliyo. gamodis, rom

elenesa da abas meores Soris didi asakobrivi sxvaoba

iyo, magram, xSirad, samefo karze, aRmosavleTsa Tu

dasavleTSi, dasaqorwinebelTa asaksa da garegnobas

did mniSvnelobas ar aniWebdnen, Tu ki am saqorwino ga-

rigebiT orive mxare, an Tundac erTi mxare, politikur

an materialur sargebels moeloda. ase, rom gasakviri

ar aris asakiT ufrosi elene asakiT umcrosi abasisaT-

vis SeerToT, Tu amiT irani Tavis gavlenas gaavrce-

lebda samcxeSi da antiosmaluri koalicia kidev ufro

gaZlierdeboda.

vidre elenesa da kastelis ambebis Txrobas davam-

TavrebdeT, aucileblad unda ganvixiloT elene de-

doflisaTvis gagzavnili erTi werili, romelic dawe-

rili iyo vinme monazon qristines mier. werili Sesu-

85

lia kristoforo kastelis albomSi. werils moviyvan

SemoklebiT:

`werili iranis dedofals. uZvirfaseso qristes rCeulo dao, gamarjveba. vfi-

qrob da xelmeored geubnebi, rom mxedvelobaSi migeRo, wagekiTxa da gagego Tu rogor da ramdeni davwere da davxate Seni gulisaTvis. meore, amis dasarwmuneblad yvelas saxe giCvene, rom dainaxo Tu ranairad damwu-xrebulni arian Senze aRmosavleTis debi da Zmebi de-monis msaxurTa siveragis gamo. kvlav mgonia da vime-dovneb sruliad, rom zemoTqmuli mtanjveli lodebi damsxvreulia neba-survilis simtkiciT, romelsac Sina-ganad atareb TavisSi da vimedovneb, rom es tanjva Seni momSobiarebaa an Sembraleblobis wyaros warmomSobi, ris Sedegad RvTis wyalobis wamlekavi siuxve Sen wamo-gayenebs... zeimiT dResaswauloben imaT dReebs, vinc in-aniebs qristesagan gandgomas. aseve SenTvisac moimoqme-deben, Tu msgavss gaakeTeb. kargad iyav.

xolo Zalian gaufasurebuli xar imaT TvalSi, vinc Sen gicnobs sarwmunoebiT da moZRvrebiT da Sen ki qristianoba gascvale araferSi.

Seni da qristine msaxuri~1. don kristoforo de kastelis cnobebisa da albo-

mis mTargmnelisa da gamomcemlis b. giorgaZis mixedviT,

qristine kaTolikobaSi moqceuli da Semonazvnebuli

qarTveli qalia2. magram ar Cans vin iyo igi da rodis

dawera citirebuli werili? qristines, rogorc igi we-

rilis daswyisSi ambobs, elenesTvis werili adrec miu-

weria.

1 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 191. 2 iqve, gv. 191.

86

vfiqrob, qristines saxeliT dawerili zemoTmoyva-

nili da sxva werilebic ekuTvnis kastels. `qristine~

misi fsevdonimia. savaraudoa, kastels hqonda imis sa-

fuZveli, rom elenesTvis gagzavnil werilebSi gaesai-

dumloebina Tavisi avtoroba. amas mafiqrebinebs mTeli

rigi momentebisa.

qristines da kristoforo de kastelis igiveobaze

migvaniSnebs zedmeti saxeli ìnutile~ (ital. usar-

geblo, gamosayeneblad uvargisi). kastelis zogierT na-

xatze ikiTxeba Semdegi warwerebi: `Zma inutile qada-gebs wminda saxarebas aRmosavleTSi~; `papi urban VIII aRafrTovana morCili Zmis unitiles miswrafebam~; `mor-Cili Zma inutile~; `wminda kongregacia propaganda fi-des gankargulebiT morCili Zmis inutiles mier dax-atuli is mTavari...~. ìnutile~, am SemTxvevaSi, unda

migvaniSnebdes im pirovnebis Tavmdablobaze vinc amgvar

zedmet saxels atarebs.

iq, sadac kristofore Tavis Tavs moixseniebs ìn-

utiled~, am sityvas win uZRvis `Zma~ (ital. fra), qristi-

ne ki aris `da~ (laT. soror – da, monozani).

Cemi azriT, kastels erTxel wacda, rodesac aRni-

Sna, rom qristine/kristofores ìnutile” Searqva papma

aleqsandre VII-m (1655-1667). `mRvdelmTavrad ekurTxa uk-

ve moxuci da aleqsandre VII-ed iwoda. aleqsandre VII-is mier usargeblod wodebuli monazoni qristina~1. am warweridan ki imas vigebT, qristine/kristofores ìn-

utile” Searqva papma aleqsandre VII-m.

kristoforo de kasteli Tavis CanawerebSi yovel-

Tvis, rodesac Tavis Tavze wers, mimarTavs mesame pirSi.

`codvilo dao qristine, Sen imdeni boroteba gamoiwvie,

imdeni codva dagigrovda, rom usargeblo Seiqeni. kargs 1 iqve, gv. 160.

87

eltvodi, magram mravali daqcevis mizezi gaxdi, ise,

rom Senive mizeziT RvTis mtrebis xelSi Cavardi~1.

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa `mtirali da moqviTi-ne da qristines” xuT muxlad Camoyalibnebuli wuxili-

dideba dakargul saqarTveloze, romlidanac mSveniv-

rad Cans de kastelis damokidebuleba im qveynis mi-

marT, sadac man meoTxedi saukune gaatara.

èh vumzer saqarTvelos da [guli cremlebiT mev-seba], uwin dedamiwis samoTxe rom iyo, igi kvnesis qao-sad gadaqceula.

im adamianebze vtiri, romlebic Cemi qristes dro-SisaTvis Seupovarni da Zalian mamaci mebrZolni [wi-namZRolni] iyvnen da axla eSmas moneben.

saqarTvelos im miwas vtiri, romelic misi batkne-bis mkvebavi, aRTqmuli wminda qveyana da qristes mimbaZ-veli iyo; axla ki taZris saZovarze nar-ekali gazr-dila.

im qveyanas vtiri, romlis mcxovreblebma qveyniere-

ba gananaTles, axla ki sibecisa da bneleTis dasabami gamxdara.

im qveyanas vtiri, romelmac antikuri berZnuli si-brZne warmoSva, axla ki uvicobis wyaro gamxdara, sa-

dac TavianTi Semecnebis sibrmavis gamo, bevri siRata-keSi Cavardnila da sadac yvela RmerTi mitovebulia~2. saqarTveloze es sityvebi SeiZleboda mxolod imas eT-

qva, visac ekuTvnis ori saocari fraza: `kurTxeulo ufalo, saqarTvelo Cemi satrfo iyo 26 wlis ganmavlo-baSi, magram iZulebuli gavxdi mimetovebina Cemi mZime avadmyofobisa da moxucebulobis gamo~ da `mravali

1 iqve, gv. 202. 2 iqve, 203, nax. # 570.

88

wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo Cemi satrfo iyo~1. es ki kristofore de kasteli iyo. man fsevdonimad aiRo sa-

xeli, romelic fonetikurad TiTqmis iseve JRerda

(qristine), rogorc misi saxeli _ kristoforo.

yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebasac, rom ori-

veni, `qristine~ da kristoforo, xatavdnen. elenesaTvis

gagzavnil werilSi `qristine~ wers: mxedvelobaSi unda

migeRo Seni gulisaTvis ramdeni davwere da davxateo.

qristine/kristoforo sxva dros kidev Segvaxsenebs

Tavisi mxatvruli niWisa da samxatvro saqmianobis Se-

saxeb. `me, da qristine [rogorc ukve giTxari] vwer da vxatav Cems amden Sromas, raTa Cveni sarwmunoeba moma-vali misionerebisaTvis cnobili gaxdes, gaigon Tu ramdeni zrunva gamoiCina RmerTma yvela diaboluri2 Tavdasxmisa da perturbaciisagan3 winaswari mfarvelo-bis gasawevad da Semdeg ranairad daexmara [maT], rom isini ukvdav cxovrebasTan mieyvana~4.

ibadeba kiTxva: ratom cdilobda kristoforo rom

is, rac santimentalur, gadaWarbebul mgrZnobiaroba-

sTan dakavSirebuli iyo, qristines saxeliT daewera?

vfiqrob, es italieli ganaTlebuli, Wkviani sasuliero

moRvawe xarks ixdida uxeS Zalaze damyarebuli epoqis

winaSe. erideboda gadaWarbebuli grZnobebis gamoxatvas

Tundac RmerTis winaSe. fiqrobda, rom amgvari sisuste

qalisTvis ufro Sesaferisi iyo. amis gamo unda `gar-

dasaxuliyo” kristoforo qristined.

1 iqve, gv. 203. 2 ital. diaboliko _ eSmakeuli. 3 ital. perturbazione _ uwesrigoba, mRelvareba, perturba-

cia. 4 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTve-

los Sesaxeb, gv. 210.

89

amgvarad, fsevdonims amofarebul kristoforo kas-

tels uxerxuloba exsneboda elenesTan gagzavnili we-

rilebis arasasurveli pirovnebis xelSi moxvedris

SemTxvevaSic.

aucileblad unda aRiniSnos isic, rom, rogorc

kastelis samxatvro Semoqmedebidan, Cvenamde moRweuli

misi naxatebidan da maTze minawerebidan Cans, igi gul-

grili ar iyo qalis silamazis mimarT1.

Tavis erT-erT traqtatSi _ `demonis sicbieris Se-saxeb~, kasteli, qalis silamaziT gonebaamRvreuli,

cdilobs Tavisi grZnobebi daTrgunos da isini demonis

xrikebs miaweros. misi azriT, demoni xan guriis da xan

odiSis mTavris saSualebiT miqmedebs. mTavarebi misio-

nerebs, maTi Secdenis mizniT, mosamsaxureebad aZlevs

kargi moyvanilobis lamaz qalebs. patrebs guriaSi,

1634-1640 wlebSi, emsaxureboda silamaziT saxelganTqmu-

li qali eluka beria, romlis mimarT gulgrili ar iyo

kasteli. igi werda: `vaRiareb: misi danaxvisTanave iseTi Zlieri TrTolva damewyo, rom swrafad loginisaken ga-

vemarTe dasawolad~2. gansakuTrebuli iyo misi grZnobebi Tamuria-Tanu-

rias mimarT, romelic patrebs emsaxureboda 1640-1644

wlebSi. misiT gatacebuli kasteli gvamcnobs: `Cven dag-viTmes Zalian lamazi qali, romelic dRemde Cemi Tva-

lebis obieqti iyo. igi adamianad gardaqmnili serafimi3 iyo.... misi tani da saxe frCxilebamde davxate, magram Semdeg damekarga. ar SeiZleboda am suraTs CemTvis aur-

1 iqve, nax. ##132, 135-141 da sxv. 2 liCini patricia ana, kristoforo kasteli da misi misia

saqarTveloSi, gv. 84. 3 serafimebi (Zv. ebr. aalebuli) _ iudaizmsa da qristianoba-

Si angelozebis umaRlesi kategoria sami wyvili frTebiT.

90

zauri ar gamoewvia. raRac grZnobas ganvicdidiT aseTi didi silamazisgan. misi marto erTi saxe da siSiSvle kacs gonebas akargvinebda~1.

yovelive aRniSnulis Semdeg, SeiZleba iTqvas, kas-

tels gaorebuli grZnoba hqonda elene aTabagis mimarT.

igi moxibluli iyo aTabagis asulis silamaziT da

saTnoebiT. sayuradReboa, rom kastelma, rogorc Sei-

Zleba vivaraudoT, Seqmna elenes ori portreti _

erTze elene gamosaxulia Zvirfasad morTul cxenze am-

xedrebuli, magram ar Cans misi saxis nakvTebi. portre-

tis mixedviT, raime garkveuli STabeWdilebis Seqmna

daxatul pirovnebaze, SeuZlebelia.

SemorCenilia kastelis mier daxatuli erT-erTi

suraTis mxolod kvadratuli CarCo da mis kideebze mi-

nawerebi: èlene aTabagi, iranis dedofali... q. dedo-fali elene. iranis dedofali. guriis mSveneba, elene aTabagi. Cveni patris kristoforos sulieri Svilia... droSi iranis xelmwifis Sah-sefis meuRle gaxda~. Car-CoSi elenes suraTi ar aris. fotoze sruliad garkve-

viT Cans, rom elenes portreti viRacam uxeSad waSala

ise, rom minawerebic daaziana. amgvarad daikarga elenes

saxe, romelic albaT friad saintereso da mravlisme-

tyveli iqneboda.

suraTze waSlili elenes saxe da zemoT gamoTq-

muli zogierTi varaudi sxvadasxva mosazrebas aRZravs,

magram maTi gamxelis sakmao safuZveli jerjerobiT ar

arsebobs.

1 don kristoforo de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarT-

velos Sesaxeb, gv. 218-219.

91

`safrangeTis, poloneTis da saqarTvelos elCebis banketi konstantinopolSi. 1657 w.~

kastelis Semoqmedebisa da politikuri moRvawe-

obis zogierTi mxaris ganxilva-Seswavlaze mibiZga mis-

ma erTma naxat-eskizma (nax. 109), romlis saxelwodeba

mocemulia winamdebare narkvevis saTaurSi. mas axlavs

avtoris minawerebi imis Sesaxeb, rac man mniSvnelovnad

CaTvala 26 wlis Semdeg, saqarTvelodan samSoblosken

mimavalma, konstantinopolSi yofnis dros.

naxatze gamosaxuli pirovnebebis amocnoba sirTu-

les ar warmoadgens: safrangeTis elCi (sasmisiT xelSi)

da mis marjvniv kristoforo kasteli; poloneTis elC

ze ki migviTiTebs warwera (ambasadore polonia) misi skamis

sazurgeze; poloneTis elCis marcxniv zurgiT zis

qarTveli elCi Tavze fafanakiT.

savaraudoa, qarTveli elCi unda iyos gurielis

mier gagzavnili konstantinopolSi 1657 wlis Semodgo-

maze, romelic sulTans eaxla garkveuli TxovniT. 20-29

seqtembers sulTanma gasca brZaneba: `gonios sanjaybegs da gonios yadis ebrZanos: guriis mTavari1 ZvelTaganve Cveni megobari da asiTane-saadeTis (stambolis) erTgu-

li mokavSire iyo. yovelwliur gadasaxadebs dana-

klisis gareSe ixdida. magram wels CvenTan gamogzavni-li elCis saSualebiT warmoadgina Txovna da Segvat-yobina, rom vilaieTebSi zRvaze da xmeleTze vaWrebis mimarT ukanonobas da Zaladobas iCenen, gonios zogi-erTi macxovrebeli xels uSlis vaWrebs. aseT mdgoma-

1 qaixosro I gurieli, guriis mTavari 1641-1660, vaxtang I guri-

elis vaJi, qarTlis dedoflis, rostomis meuRle mariam da-

dianis naxevarZma (dediT). tuRuSi a., cxovreba da Rvawli

dedofal mariam dadianisa, Tbilisi., 1992, gv. 6.

92

reobas ver Sevurigdebi. vbrZaneb: am gankargulebis Tqvenamde moRwevisTanave igi saswrafod SeasruleT. gu-rieli asiTane-saadeTis (stamboli) Zveli mokavSire da erTgulia. yovel wels gadasaxdel gadasaxadebs agzav-nis. misi da misi xalxis dacvaa saWiro. amieridan yu-

radReba miaqcieT, rom guriaSi xmeleTiT da zRviT mi-mavali vaWrebi da elCebi aRar Seawuxon da isini maqsi-

malurad daculebi iyvnen~1. mcire SemoklebiT moviyvan suraTis kideebze war-

werebis Sinaarss:

`...mesinaSi 26 wlis Semdeg Tavis karze pativiT mi-miRes konstantinopolSi imperatoris2 rezidentma, po-loneTis mefis elCma raguzaSi da safrangeTis elCma msio del aiem3. safrangeTis elCma Tavis saxlSi wamiy-vana sneuli da mravali Tvis ganmavlobaSi Tavis Tana-mosufred gamixada... yvelaferSi xels miwyobda. kapitan-ma andrea karbenarom franguli gemiT wamiyvana veneci-aSi, iq Tavis rezidenciaSi Semxvda elCi pativiTa da faqizi sityvebiT.

1 saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi osmalur saarqivo dokumentebSi,

gamomcemeli mumin ildizTaSi, mTargmnelebi _ gela da irak-li aRTmelaZe, stamboli, 2012, gv. 127. imereTis mefe aleq-

sandre III-isagan Zleuli qaixosro gurieli da liparit da-

diani 1658 wels stambolSi Cavidnen, xonTqaris daxmarebiT

qaixosrom isev daikava guria. mokles 1660 wels. vaxuSti

batoniSvili / qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 834. 2 igulisxmeba germaniis wminda romis imperatori ferdinand

III (1637-1657). 3 sxva versiiT elCis saxelia _ de la e. liCini a. p., kristo-

foro kasteli da misi misia saqarTveloSi 133.

93

di venseleis1 konti, elCis Svili, saxelganTqmuli ymawvili. es iyo 1657 wlis martSi, aprilSi, maisSi. am sinioris saxlSi bevri ram davxate da gavakeTe misi um-aRlesobis poloneTis elCisaTvis.

elCi. elCi svams saqarTvelos mefis sadRegrZel-os. gagvatareT cecxlsa da wyalSi da migviyvaneT Cvens sarwmunoebaSi.

saqarTvelos elCi, romelsac pojuri [euCi] solo-kia ewodeba.

safrangeTis elCi saCuqars ugzavnis samegrelos mefes.

saqarTvelos elCi sadRegrZelos ambobs saqarTve-losa da samegrelos mefeebis misamarTiT. yvela fexze dgeba da quds ixdis, svamen maTi janmrTelobisaTvis.

safrangeTis elCi saCuqrebs ugzavnis samegrelos mefes imisaTvis, rom man iaraRi da javSani ahyara ama-zonels, romelic daatyveva da mohkla CerqezTa mTavar-ma anu mefem, ayrili javSani ki (CerqezeTis _ e.m.) mefem saCuqrad gamougzavna samegrelos mefes2 im dros, roca me mis karze vimyofebodi...~3

naxati mxolod eskizia, romelic kastels Semdeg-

Si unda sruleyo. SeiZleba igi erT-erTi im naxatis wa-

rmosaxvaa, romlebic kastelma srulyo venseli kontis

1 de ventile _ don kristoforო de kasteli, cnobebi da

albomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gv. 134. 2 am minaweris azri bundovania, SeiZleba, arasworad Targmnis

Sedegad. gaugebaria, rogor ahyara levan dadianma amazon-

els iaraRi da javSani, Tu is daatyveva da mokla CerqezeTis

mefem, romelmac ayrili javSani gamougzavna samegrelos

mefes. 3 don kristoforო de kasteli, cnobebi da albomi saqarTve-

los Sesaxeb gv. 106-107

94

sasaxleSi stumrad yofnisas. vfiqrob, mxatvarma eski-

zis daxatvis Semdeg mis kideebze moaTavsa im suraTebis

saxelwodebani da anotaciebi (anotaciebs gavecaniT

zemoT), romelTa daxatva ganzraxuli hqonda Semdgomis-

Tvis. dasrulebuli suraTebis saTaurebi unda yofili-

yo: [1] èlCi svams saqarTvelos mefis sadRegrZelos~; [2] `saqarTvelos elCi, romelsac pojuri [euCi] so-lokia ewodeba~; [3] `safrangeTis elCi saCuqars ugzav-nis samegrelos mefes~; [4] `saqarTvelos elCi sad-RegrZelos ambobs saqarTvelosa da samegrelos mefe-ebis misamarTiT. yvela fexze dgeba da quds ixdis, sva-men maTi janmrTelobisaTvis~; [5] safrangeTis elCi saCuqrebs ugzavnis samegrelos mefes~; [6] àmazonelis ayrili javSani CerqezTa mefem saCuqrad gaugzavna same-grelos mefes~.

TiToeuli warwera, Cemi varaudiT, miesadageba erT

romelime dakargul naxats, romelic asaxavda sxvada-

sxva dros momxdar ambavs.

kasteli SesaniSnavi mxatvris reputaciiT sargeb-

lobda ara mxolod saqarTveloSi. erTxel safrangeTis

elCma konstantinopolSi kastels ramdenime Tavadis

portretis daxatva sTxova. imave elCma sTxova, rom mi-

si xalxisaTvis xatva eswavlebina, eswavlebina xatva

misi patara vaJisaTvis1.

kasteli aRniSnavda, rom elCis saxlSi yofnisas

man `bevri lamazi suraTi daxata~2. rogorc TviTon

acxadebda, igi xatavda cnobili mxatvris dela belas

stiliT3.

1 iqve, gv. 106-107. 2 iqve, gv. 138. 3 iqve, gv. 146

95

florenciis biblioTekis mTavari fasadis karis

zemoT, frontonze iyo kastelis mier tiloze zeTiani

saRebaviT daxatuli wm. nikoloz baris portreti. por-

treti kastelma daxata guriis samTavroSi. 1630 wels,

roca goris misiis xelmZRvaneli don pietro avitabile

Teimuraz I-is davalebiT romSi midioda, guriaSi gaiara

da baris portreti waiRo. florenciaSi don pietros

misma mamam Txova eCuqebina baris portreti. ase aRmoC-

nda baris portreti florenciis biblioTekis fronto-

nze, im saswaulis aRsaniSnavad, romelic moxda guriaSi

_ gvamcnobs kasteli. saswauli mdgomareomda imaSi,

rom, rodesac misionerebis saxls xanZari gauCnda, yve-

laferi ganadgurda, gadarCa mxolod dasaxelebuli por-

treti, romelic kastelma daxata guriis mTavar-pat-

riarqis malaqias TxovniT1

kasteli mogviTxrobs, rom samegrelos mTavars un-

doda misioners moexata mTavris anu zugdidis mTavari

eklesia (dReisaTvis aRar arsebobos). naxatebs Soris

freskis saxiT gadmocemuli unda yofiliyo misi meuR-

lis, dedoflis istoria, kerZod, misi avadmyofoba da

gardacvaleba. freskis kompozicia iyo: momakvdavi ded-

ofali, damwuxrebuli mTavari garemocvaSi qalebis, eqi-

mebisa da misionerebis, romlebsac wamlebi miaqvT avad-

myofTan2.

kastelma, rogorc sabolood gulistkivilT gaar-

kvia, safrangeTis elCi de la e, romelic did pativis-

cemas amJRavnebda mis mimarT da komfortul pirobebSi

acxovrebda, yovelives angarebiT akeTebda. kasteli we-

rda: èlCma Tavisi wignis dasamSveneblad Cemgan bevri

1 iqve, gv. 147-148. 2 liCini a. p., kristoforo kasteli da misi misia saqarTvelo-

Si, gv. 116.

96

saintereso raime aiRo: mTavris, mefis, dedoflis, rome-

lime istoriuli epizodis, omebis aRweris suraTebi

da cnobebi. man Cemgan nel-nela yvelaze lamazi, rac

gamaCnda, waiRo. amis sanacvlod sxvadasxva samsaxurs

mTavazobda da yovelTvis Cem magidaze ramdenime oqros

monetas tovebda~1.

elC de la e-s ar CamorCeboda misi Svili ven-

telie. mama-Svili Tavze adgnen kastels maSin, roca is

dazianebuli naxatebis aRdgenas cdilobda da, rac mo-

ewonebodaT mihqondaT. èrTxel ramdenime batons Sev-

Civle, rom elCma TiTqmis gamZarcva, radgan Cemgan

bevri lamazi sagani waiRo. maT mirCies, rom Cemi niv-

Tebi TavadebisTvis (elCi da misi Svili _ e.m.) ar meCve-

nebina, radgan isini yvelafers waiRebdnen~ _ werda

kasteli2.

savaraudoa, rom kastelis stiqiasTan brZolaSi

dakargul mravali nawersa da naxatTan erTad daikarga

qarTul Temebze Seqmnili naxatebic.

misioner-mxatvari mniSvnelovnad dazaralda saf-

rangeTis elCis saxlSic. savaraudoa, is suraTebi, ro-

mlebic, kastelma konstantinopolSi Seqmna da romelTa

savaraudo saxelwodebebi zemoT iyo mocemuli, elCis

sakuTrebaSi gadavida. elCis survili aRniSnuli naxa-

tebis xelSi Cagdebisa, ganpirobebuli iyo maTze gamo-

saxuli pirovnebebisadmi interesiT. maTze gamosaxuli

iyvnen TviT elCi da misi stumrebi. am suraTebs elCi-

saTvis, mxatvrul RirebulebasTan erTad, politikuri

mniSvnelobac eqneboda.

1 iqve, gv. 136. 2 iqve, gv. 137.

97

***

samSobloSi mimaval kastels sarekomendacio weri-

li dauwera samegrelos mTavarma levan II dadianma, sa-

frangeTis elC dela e-sTan. mTavari aqebda kastels,

romelmac mis qveyanaSi mravali saswauli moaxdina1. mTa-

varma kastels misca, agreTve, ramdenime werili im Ta-

vadebisa da sando pirebisaTvis, romlebsac gadascemda

maSin, rodesac gemi Savi zRvis napirs miadgeboda.

dadianma kastels piradad gaacno gemis Turqi kapitani

mustafa reisi, romelsac mTavarma daavala uxifaTod

Caeyvana kasteli konstantinopolSi, raTa is safran-

geTis saelCoSi misuliyo. levan II-m safrangeTis elCs

calke werili gaugzavna, romelSic acnobebda Tavisi

samTavros mdgomareobas.

rogorc kasteli aRniSnavda, qarTlsa da samegre-

loSi yofnis dros mas mudmivi mimowera hqonda safran-

geTis elCTan. man saqarTvelodan gamgzavrebis Semdeg-

ac, gzaSi gancdili saSiSroebis Sesaxeb, mokled mouT-

xro safrangeTis elCs. levan dadianma safrangeTis el-

CTan werili gaatana paguria Coloxias, igive pojuri/-

euCi solokias (rogorc kasteli moixseniebda). mTavr-

is despani kastelze adre Cavida konstantinopolSi da

sulTans saCuqrebi da yovewliuri xarki miarTva2.

safiqrebelia, rom dadianis kaci safrangeTis el-

Csac moinaxulebda da masTan kastelis Sesaxebac isa-

ubrebda, romelic saqarTvelodan garkveuli politi-

kuri xasiaTis davalebiTac unda swveoda veneciasa da

toskanis sahercogos.

1654 wlis 20 agvistos kasteli konstantinopolSi

gaemgzavra. mas Tan mihqonda naxatebi, romlebzec asaxu-

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 125.

98

li iyo saqarTvelos, iranisa da osmaleTis cixe-sima-

greebi, Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis, gzebis, wylis art-

eriebis gegmebi, sxvadasxva xelmwifebisa da mmarTvele-

bis werilebi. aseTi tvirTiT mgzavroba Turqebis sam-

flobeloebSi dakavSirebuli iyo did riskTan. safran-

geTis elCi informirebuli iyo kasteli konstantino-

polSi rom Cavidoda da eloda kidec1. 1636 wlidan

kasteli misionerobasTan erTad iyo mociqulebrivi le-

gati qarTlsa da samegreloSi. elCi misgan mniSvnelo-

vani cnobebis miRebas eloda kavkasiisa da, kerZod, sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb. kastels mTel Savi zRvis sanapiro-

ze icnobdnen, rogorc Suamavals qristianul dasavle-

Tsa da aRmosavleTis mTel rig politikur erTeulebs

Soris2.

osmaleTis xelisuflebas SeiZleboda kasteli ja-

SuSad CaeTvala misi statusisa da im bargis gamo,

romelic mas mihqonda. amitom iyo, rom man yvelaferi

iRona, raTa moxvedriliyo safrangeTis elCisa mfarve-

lobaSi3, romelic didad iyo dainteresebuli kavkasi-

aSi arsebuli viTarebiT.

safrangeTis roli da adgili kaTolikuri evropis

saqarTvelosTan urTierTobaSi gaiTvaliswina cnobil-

ma politikurma moRvawem pietro dela valem. man sa-

qarTveloSi gasagzavni misionerebisaTvis 1626 wels

SeimuSava specialuri instruqcia 12 muxlad. misi meore

muxlis mixedviT, konstantinopolSi Casuli misionere-

bi iq myofi romelime kaTolikuri saxelmwifos, kerZ-

od, safrangeTis an veneciis elCis mfarvelobaSi unda

1 iqve, gv. 23. 2 iqve, gv, 27. 3 iqve, gv. 22

99

yofiliyvnen, raTa daubrkolebliv gaevloT osmaleTis

teritoria.

konstantinopolSi misionerebi safrangeTis elCs

gadascemdnen saqarTvelodan Camotanil, romSi gasag-

zavn werilebs. mas aseve SeeZlo gansakuTrebuli si-

Zneleebis gareSe gadaegzavna romidan miRebuli weri-

lebi saqarTveloSi sazRvao gziT. mTavari iyo mas sco-

dnoda, sad unda gaegzavna esa Tu is werili, e. i. sa-

qarTvelos romel navsadgurSi da romel ndobiT aR-

Wurvil pirovnebas unda gadascemoda isini1.

rogorc iTqva, Zvirfas stumars konstantinopolSi

eloda winaswar informirebuli safrangeTis elCi de

la e2. kasteli elCis saxlSi moewyo. mas Tan hqonda

mravali nawerebi, werilebi da Tavisi xeliT Sesrule-

buli naxatebi3.

1655 wlis 18 marts kastelma konstantinopols mia-

Rwia da dauyovnebliv gaemarTa safrangeTis elCTan

Sesaxvedrad4.

1655 wlis zafxulSi, rogorc amjerad saintereso

naxatis erT-erT warweraSia aRniSnuli, kapitanma and-

rea karbenarom franguli gemiT Caiyvana kasteli vene-

ciaSi, sadac safrangeTis elCma (kasteli ar gvamcnobs

mis saxels) stumari didi pativiT miiRo Tavis reziden-

ciaSi. kasteli Semdeg ambobs, rom safrangeTis elCs

veneciaSi ar undoda misionerebis Tavis saxlSi wayvana,

magram iZulebuli gaxda, raTa romis da safrangeTis

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacaveb-

Si, III, Tbilisi., 1987, gv. 124-125. 2 liCini a. p., kristoforo kasteli da misi misia saqarTve-

loSi, gv. 19. 3 iqve, gv. 126. 4 iqve, gv. 265.

100

mTavrobis faruli risxva rom ar daemsaxurebina. yve-

laze meti, rac man gaakeTa, es iyo banketi, romelzedac

miiwvia misionerebi. amasTan erTad, man es gaakeTa

imisaTvis, rom mas kastelis samisionero moRvaweobaze

arsebuli werilobiTi mimowera da cnobebi xelT hqon-

da1.

kasteli gawafuli diplomati iyo. misi es Tviseba

mxolod saqarTveloSi ar SeniSnes. safrangeTis elCma

mas daavala mTeli rigi molaparakebebis gamarTva wmin-

da kongregacia de propaganda fides kardinalebTan2.

masTan saubari surdaT galatiaSi yvela maRali Tana-

mdebobis pirebs. TavisTan iwvevdnen raguzis elCi, ger-

maniis imperatoris rezidenti, inglisis elCi3.

kristoforo kasteli rom saqarTvelos mefe mTav-

rebis sagareo urTierTobas icnobda da, SeiZleba, zo-

gierTi sakiTxis iniciatoric iyo, amis naTelsayofad

moviyvan oriode magaliTs: 1646 wlis maisSi kasteli

imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s eaxla da moaxsena, rom

mas Tan hqonda misTvis gadasacemad papis uwmindesobis

werili. mefem upasuxa, rom werili misTvis sajarod ar

gadaeca, raTa misioneris vizitis dros iq damswre

berZnebs Soris miTqma-moTqma ar gamoewvia. amitom kas-

telma werili mefes mogvianebiT gadasca, rodesac mas

pirispir Sexvda. mefem gadawyvita, rom sapasuxo werili

kastels waeRo romSi, magram, rogorc p. a. liCini wers,

kastels romSi gamgzavrebaSi xeli SeuSala samegrelo-

Si moRvawe sxva misionerma, kerZod, juzepe judiCem. man

ise moawyo, rom kasteli ver wavida romSi4.

1 iqve, gv. 116. 2 iqve, gv. 138. 3 iqve, gv. 139. 4 iqve, gv. 121.

101

kastelis imereTis mefesTan stumrobis TariRTan

(1646 w.) dakavSirebiT, razec italiel mkvlevari p. a.

liCinis laparakobs, dasazustebelia. am dros (1646 w.)

ar SeiZleboda patri juzepe judiCe milaneli saqarT-

veloSi yofiliyo. cnobilia, rom is 1643 wels levan

dadianis davalebiT roSi gaemgzavra. rodesac ukan, sa-

qarTveloSi brundeboda osmaleTSi Seipyres da iqve

sapyrobileSi gardaicvala 1646 wels1.

1651 wels toskanis didma hercogma ferdinand II

mediCim (1621-1670), romelic Teatinel berebs mfarvelo-

bda, imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-s da odiSis mTavar

levan dadians werilebi gaugzavna2. mediCi, savaraudoa,

kastelis CagonebiT aleqsandre mefes misionerebis mfa-

rvelobas da xelSewyobas sTxovda. levan dadianisa ar

viciT, magram imereTis mefem, rom namdvilad upasuxa

ferdinand II-s, amas vigebT kastelis monaTxrobidan,

rom is italiaSi CasvlisTanave hercogs ewvia flo-

renciaSi 1654 wels aleqsandre mefis davalebiT3. kas-

teli, rogorc WeSmariti diplomati, arafers ambobs ra

miswera mefe aleqsandre III-m toskanis did hercogs.

imas ki aRniSnavs, rom hercogi masTan siamovnebiT msje-

1 iqve, gv. 193-194. 2 iqve, gv. 35. a. p. liCinis es mosazreba sainteresoa, imdenad

ramdenadac hercogis iniciativa yofila imereTis mefesTan

da samegrelos mTavarTan dakavSireba. radgan liCinis mo-

sazreba da misi naSromic SedarebiT gvian gaxda cnobili

(igi qarTvel mkiTxvels qarTulad Targmnili gaacno prof.

murman papaSvilma), amitom batoni murmani fiqrobda, rom me-

fisa da mTavris kontaqti hercogTan unda momxdariyo Te-

atinel misionerebis rCeviT. 3 iqve, gv. 48.

102

lobda aRmosavleTis sakiTxebze1. sagulisxmoa, rom

kasteli àRmosavleTSi~, zogadad saqarTvelos gulis-

xmobda da mraval sainteresos mouTxrobda hercogs am

qveyanaze.

qarTveli mefisa da didi hercogis mimowerasTan

dakavSirebiT sayuradRebo azri gamoTqva p. a. liCinim.

am dros veneciis respublika oms awarmoebda osmaleT-

Tan kunZul kretisaTvis, kerZod, misi mTavari qalaqis,

kandiisaTvis. es xangrZlivi omi (1645-1669) cnobilia am

qalaqis saxeliT. venecias exmareboda toskanis saher-

cogo, romelsac, bunebrivia, Tavisi interesebi hqonda. a.

p. liCini wers: àRniSnulis safuZvelze didi hercogis miswrafeba gasagebia. mas Teatineli misionerebis daxma-rebiT surda Tavis mxares miemxro qarTuli samefoebi. am qveynebSi Teatinel mamebs im daZabul periodSi Tavi-sufali Sesvlis saSuleba hqondaT~2. magram italieli

istorikosi arafers ambobs imaze, rogor warmoedgina

qarTuli mxaris monawileoba dasaxelebul omSi, maSin,

rodesac kasteli amis Sesaxeb dums; gaaCndaT osmaleT-

is gavlenis qveS moqceul dasaleT saqarTvelos same-

fos-samTavroebs ekonomikuri da samxedro potenciali,

rom mxari daeWiraT hercogis politikuri ambiciebisa-

Tvis? ras sTvazobda hercogi qarTvelebs daxmarebis

sanacvlod? rogori iyo qarTveli politikosebis ganw-

yobileba ferdinand II-is winadadebaze?

ueWvelia, kristoforo kastelma yvela italielze

ukeTesad icoda risi SemZle iyo XVII s. 50-iani wlebis

dasavleT saqarTvelo. liCinis aRniSnuli mosazreba

miT ufro iwvevs gakvirvebas, rom istorikoss Tavis

wignSi citirebuli aqvs kastelis werili (misi saTa-

1 iqve, gv. 146. 2 iqve, gv. 36.

103

uria: `Cvenma mamebma samegrelos mefe daarwmunes, rom dasdos zavi imereTis mefesTan. is iRebs keTil rCevs da zavs debs~), romelsac kristoforo kasteli iwyebs

levan dadianis daxasiaTebiT: `samegrelos amJamindeli cocxali mefe levan dadiania. is midrekilia omebisa-ken, TviTon ara aqvs mosveneba da damSvidebis saSuale-bas sxvasac ar aZlevs. misi mezobeli mTavrebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki imereTis sawyali mefisaTvis, es didi ubedurebaa. yovelTvis arsebobs Tavdasxmis an bandi-turi omis saSiSroeba, romlis drosac Cveulebrivi movlenaa yvela episkoposis, patriarqis, sasuliero piris, zogjer Cveni mamebis Tan wayvana. magram man vera-sodes SeZlo Cemi gayola. mTavars yovelTvis vevedre-bodi, bolo moeRo omebisaTvis da wynar cxovrebaSi da-mtkbariyo imiT, rac mas ufalma sakmarisad misca, raTa am qveynad mSvidad ecxovra... mefed kurTxevisaTvis mas mxolod erTi ram aklda: rogorc sakuTari TavisaTvis, ise im mTavrebisa da mefeebisaTvis zavi eboZobina, yve-la daesvenebina da sikvdilamde mSvidad ecxovra. miax-loveboda Semoqmedis suls da CemTvis despanoba eTxo-va~ _ werda kasteli1. magram kristoforom warmatebas

ver miaRwia. man ver SeZlo samegrelos mTavrisa da ime-

reTis mefis Serigeba. mogvianebiT igi siamovnebiT aR-

niSnavda, rom maT Soris mSvidoba damyarda misi, kaste-

lis, samegrelodan gamgzavrebis Semdeg2.

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom kasteli, Tu mis mier her-

cogisaTvis gagzavnil werilebSi, romlebsac icnobda p.

1 iqve, gv. 64-65. qarTul istoriografiaSi saTanadodaa Ses-

wavlili samegrelos mTavris, levan dadianis, imereTis me-

feebTan dapirispirebisa da mis mier mefis samflobeloe-

bisaTvis miyenebuli zianis Sesaxeb 2 iqve, gv. 66.

104

a. liCini, marTla werda mis mier mefisa da mTavris Se-

rigebaze, maSin is Segnebulad azviadebda Tavis, rog-

orc organizatoris rols da amiT surda hercogi dae-

rwmunebina qarTveli mokavSireebis gamoyenebis SesaZle-

blobaSi, riTac SecdomaSi Sehyavda igi.

safiqrebelia, kastels marTlac hqonda ganzraxu-

li konsolidirebuli dasavleTi saqarTvelo daekavSi-

rebina sicilia-toskanis koaliciisaTvis. SesaZlebelia

amgvari gegmis iniciatori safrangeTis mTavrobis dava-

lebiT iyo elCi del e, romelmac kargad icoda dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi kastelis gadadgmuli yoveli poli-

tikuri xasiaTis nabiji am saxelganTqmuli misioneris

werilebis wyalobiT. amaze migvaniSnebs is, rom vidre

kasteli safrangeTis elCTan stumrobda, es ukanaskneli

Tavis sasaxleSi patiJobda xolme guriisa da sameg-

relos mTavrebisa da qarTveli mefis elCebs. isini su-

lTanTan Cadiodnen konstantinopolSi didi saCuqreb-

iT1.

qarTveli elCebis safrangeTis elCTan stumrobas-

Tan dakavSirebiT kasteli ambobs: `batonma (safrangeT-

is _ e.m.) elCma warmoTqva misi (safrangeTis mefis _ e.m.) da dedoflis sadRegrZelo. sadRegrZelos warmoTqmis

dros elCi fexze idga, qudmoxdili, frang Tavadebs

Soris sufrasTan. mamis msgavsad misi Svili aseve sva-

mda safrangeTis mefis, poloneTis mefis, imperatoris

da misi uwmindesobis (romis papis) sadRegrZeloebs~2.

amonaridSi kargad Cans, kastels ganzraxva aqvs Seqmnas

suraTi dasaxelebul or Temaze. isic unda iTqvas, rom

moniSnuli meore sadRegrZelo meinaxeebs SesTavazes

elCma da misma Svilma, rodesac dasaxelebuli qveynebis

1 iqve, gv. 135. 2 iqve, gv. 135-136.

105

elCebi da qarTveli elCi erTad ilxendnen elCis sax-

lSi da. swored es momenti asaxa kastelma zemoT sain-

tereso naxatze.

kastelma veneciaSi yofnis oTxi Tvis Semdeg SeZ-

lo gamgzavrebuliyo florenciasa da romSi. `floren-

ciis did hercogTan (ferdinand II-sTan _ e.m.) imereTis

mefis elCis saxiT viyavi gamogzavnili; am mefes un-

doda florenciis hercogTan megobrobis damyareba da

wamlebis miReba misi meuRlisaTvis _ dedoflisaTvis,

romelic avadmyofobis gamo itanjeboda1. es elCi flo-

renciis didma hercogma siamovnebiT miiRo. misTvis sa-

amo iyo am qveynebs Soris urTierTobis damyarebis mos-

mena im pirovnebisagan, romelmac mas (florenciis did

hercogs _ m.p.) saxeli gauTqva aRmosavleTis mTavrebs

Soris~2.

savaraudoa, aseTi Sexvedrebis dros xdeboda pol-

itikur sakiTxebze msjeloba, magram is ufroa safiq-

rali, rom safrangeTis elCi, Tavisi kerZo interesi-

danac gamomdinare (qvemoT iTqmeva), amas akeTebda saq-

arTvelosa da qarTvelebze Seyvarebuli kastelis gul-

is mosagebad, rasac elCisaTvis, rogorc davrwmundeb-

iT, didi mniSvneloba hqonda. savaraudoa, kasteli pira-

dad icnobda konstantinopolSi Casul qarTvel elCebs

da maTTan Sexvedra da politikur sakiTxebze saubari

didi siamovnebas aniWebda.

kastelis Tavisi diplomatiuri misia unda daemTav-

rebina romSi imiT rom papisaTvis waredgina angariSi

Tavis misioneruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb da gadaeca aRm-

1 aleqsandre orjer iyo naqorwinebi: pirvelad mamia gurielis

asulze, Tamarze, meored Teimuraz I-s asulze, zurab aragvis

erisTavis qvrivze, darejanze. 2 iqve, gv. 146.

106

osavleTis (saqarTvelos) mefeebisa da mTavrebis weri-

lebi1.

*** SevecadoT gavarkvioT ratom imyofebodnen safran-

geTis, poloneTis (reC pospolitas) da saqarTvelos

elCebi erTad sufrasTan, ra hqondaT maT saerTo? vfiq-

rob, dReisaTvis cnobili mwiri werilobiTi wyaroebi

saSualebas iZleva zogad xazebSi mainc gaverkveT das-

muli kiTxvis arsSi. winaswar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sa-

frangeTsa da poloneTs ainteresebda saqarTvelo, rog-

orc politikuri da ekonomikuri partniori.

XVII s. dasawyisidan safrangeTi garkveul inte-

ress iCenda saqarTvelosadmi. saqarTvelosTan kontaq-

tebis ganxorcieleba da masze informaciis mopoveba

daevala safrangeTis elCs konstantinopolSi, baro sin-

Cius2. am droidan baro sinCiu mniSvnelovan rols asr-

ulebda or qveyanas Soris urTierTobis damyarebaSi.

safrangeTis elCs pirveli daukavSirda samegre-

los mTavari levan II dadiani. 1614 wels man sulTanTan

konstantinopolSi gaagzavna Tavisi despani `mudmivi za-

vis~ dasadebad, daavala, agreTve, iqidan Camoeyvana evr-

opeli misionerebi3.

mTavarma, albaT, Tavis despans isic daavala vis

unda dakavSireboda osmaleTis sataxto qalaqSi. amaze

migvaniSnebs despanis moqmedeba: is sataxtoSi Casvlis-

Tanave daukavSirda safrangeTis elCs, romelTanac daa-

xloebuli iyo, rac imaze mianiSnebs, rom levam dadi-

1 iqve, gv. 147. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, 134. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II, 34-35.

107

anis warmomadgeneli mas xSirad xvdeboda. elCma desp-

ans uSuamdgomla iezuitebis meTaurTan, romelic daar-

wmuna, rom `megrelTa elCi rasac gpirdeba, yovelive

asrulebuli iqnebao~1. bunebrivia kiTxva: ras hpirdebo-

da dadiani Tavisi despanis meSveobiT iezuitebis meTa-

urs? is ki cnobilia, rom misi mTavari amocana iyo zav-

is dadeba osmaleTis xelisuflebasTan. marTalia, des-

panma mTavris pirveli davaleba zavis dadebis Sesaxeb

ver Seasrula, magram safrangeTis elCis daxmarebiT

samegreloSi Caiyvana ori misioneri _ lui granJe da

etien vio, romlebsac unda SeekribaT cnobebi kolxe-

Tis mosaxleobaze2. es garemoeba, dadianis despani rom

safrangeTis elCs ewvia konstantinopolSi da misgan

saWiro daxmarebac miiRo, mafiqrebinebs, rom levan da-

dianma icoda safrangeTis interesze saqarTvelos mima-

rT3.

rogorc aRiniSna, safrangeTis elCi konstantino-

polSi cdilobda Seegrovebina cnobebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb, raSic SeiZleboda daxmarebodnen sulTnis kar-

ze myofi saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis despanebi. am

dros osmaleTis sataxtoSi SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen

despanebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelodanac iranis agresiis

mogeriebisaTvis daxmarebis saTxovnelad.

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 134.

2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacaveb-Si, II, gv. 35.

3 ix. vaTeiSvili j., nikifore irbaxis kvaldakval. gaz. `komu-

nisti~, #175, 177, 178, 1983; tabaRua tabaRua i., saqarTvelo

evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II, gv. 148-155: mamisTvali-

Svili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, II,

Tb., 2011, gv. 97-113.

108

frangi misioneri, iezuitTa ordenis wevri, lui

granJe, romelic safrangeTis elCis xelSewyobiT da-

dianis despanma Caiyvana samegreloSi, werda, rom elCi

xSirad esaubreboda samegrelos mTavris despans da

sTxovda saqarTveloSi waeyvana misionerebi1. rogorc

Cans orive mxare dainteresebuli iyo misionerebis gag-

zavniT saqarTveloSi, kerZod samegreloSi, Tumca gran-

Je ar asaxelebs romeli qarTuli samefo-samTavrodan

iyo is despani, romelTanac urTierTobda safrangeTis

elCi. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom am dros

(1614 w.) Teimurz I Sah-abasis aRmosavleT saqarTveloze

Tavdasxmis gamo gadaxvewili iyo imereTSi. is aqedan

cdilobda daemyarebina diplomatiuri kontaqtebi mezo-

bel da Soreul saxelmwifoebTan (osmaleTTan, ruseT-

Tan da Crdilo kavkasiis samTavroebTan). Teimuraz mefe

iranis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas iTxovda. mis gverdiT

dadgnen dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebi2

granJe gadmogvcems, rom 1614 wlis bolos3, stambo-

lSi Cavida saqarTvelos elCoba, romelSic iyo erTi

episkoposi da samegrelos warmomadgeneli4 elCebma su-

lTans acnobes aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iranelebis

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 135.

2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, II, Tb., 2011, gv. 97-113.

3 lui granJes cnoba m. svaniZem amoiRo ingliseli istorikos-

is r. knoelzis naSromidan (Knolles 1631) da daaTariRa 1613

wliT. magram, radgan Sah-abasis yizilbaSebi 1614 wlis mar-

tSi SemoiWrne nsaqarTveloSi, granJes monaTxrobic amave

wlis ambavs unda asaxavdes. 4 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan,

Tbilisi, 1971., gv. 260.

109

Semosevis ambavi da daxmareba iTxoves, rasac, Cemi az-

riT, samarTlianad ar iziarebda T. tivaZe da miaCnda,

rom is unda yofiliyo Teimuraz I-is despani iRumeni

xaritoni1.

samegreloSi Casuli lui granJe aRniSnavda, saf-

rangeTi arafers zogavda misionerebis, lui granJesa

da eten vios saqarTveloSi gasagzavnad. `man 500 oqros

moneta gamoyo am misiis xarjebisaTvis~ da osmalo

faSasTan yvelaferi moagvara maTi uxifaTo mgzavrobi-

saTvis2. misionerebma dadianTan Sexvedramde mamia guri-

elis simamrisagan gaiges, rom mTavari maTdami keTil-

ganwyobili iyo, radgan ìman kargad icoda, Tu ra pati-vi sca konstantinopolSi safrangeTis elCma mis warmomadgenels~3. rodesac levan dadiani misionerebs

Sexvda maT uTxra: `vici risTvisac mosulxarTo da erT Tavisufal dRes ufro didxans mogelaparakebiT dasav-leTis saqmeTa, safrangeTis mefisa da misi konstanti-nopoleli elCis Sesaxebo~4. mTavris karze gadawyvites, vidre misionerebs Sexvdeboda levan dadiani, manamde

kargad dasaxelebuli misionerebi da safrangeTis elC-

Tan daemyarebinaT kavSiri. am miznebidan gamomdinare,

1 tivaZe T., qarTlis mefe rostomis mier 1652 wels ruseTSi

gagzavnili elCobis sakiTxisaTvis, `macne~, ist. seria, #3, 1973, gv. 20. Teimuraz I-is diplomat xaritonis Sesaxeb ix.

mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, II, gv. 101-112, 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacaveb-

Si, II, gv. 37. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 140. 4 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriid-

an, gv. 235.

110

maT saCuqrebi gagzavnes konstantinopolSi1, magram granJe

ar ambobda visTvis iyo gankuTvnili saCuqrebi, safran-

geTis elCisTvis Tu sulTnis moxeleebisTvis, romelTa

keTilganwyobaze iyo damokidebuli frangebis SeSveba

saqarTveloSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom guriisa da sa-

megrelos samTavroebTan saomari mdgomareobis gamo,

osmalebs blokirebuli hqondaT saqarTvelosTan dama-

kavSirebeli sazRvao da saxmeleTo sazRvrebi.

sayuradeboa, rom misionerebi odiSis samTavroSi

yofnis dros Sexvdnen kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I-s. misi-

onerebi Tarjimnis saSualebiT daukavSirdnen Teimur-

azs, romelmac isini TavisTan miipatiJa. qarTvel poli-

tikosebs gadauwyvetiaT misionerebis kargi miReba,

safrangeTis elCTan daaxloeba da misTvis ZRvenis gag-

zavna konstantinopolSi. erT-erTi qarTveli episkopos-

is mier Teimurazis sapativsacemod gamarTul wveuleba-

ze eswrebodnen misionerebic. mefe maT esaubreboda da-

savleT evropaSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb2.

1616 wlis ivnis-ivlisSi saqarTveloSi imyofeboda

naxWevnidan Camosuli dominikanelTa winamZRvari, vika-

riusi wm. mama paolo maria Citadini da faenca. man gar-

kveuli gagebiT Seavso winamorbedi misionerebis cno-

bebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb da romis paps warudgina 1621

wels3.

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II, 53.

2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv.

140-141; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsaca-

vebSi, II, gv. 53-54. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

II, gv. 58.

111

1630 wels ivnisSi don pietro dela vales mier sa-

qarTvelosken momavali misioneris, don juzepe judiCes

darigebidan Cans, rom misionerebisaTvis yovelTvis sai-

medo damxmare iyo safrangeTis konsuli alepoSi1. imave

wlis 18 noembers misioneri don jakomi da stefano mi-

sioner don pietro avitabiles swerda: `mefe Teimurazs

(Teimuraz I _ e.m.) aqvs survili kidev erTi werili mis-

weros paps, romelic gaigzavneba berZnul enaze Tar-

gmaniT, misi ndobiT aRWurvili pirebi am werils ale-

poSi waiReben. maT ukve miiRes mefis brZaneba, rom es

werili gadascen safrngeTis konsuls piradad da mii-

Ron pasuxi werilis adgilze Cabarebis Sesaxeb~2.

amis Semdeg, wyaroebis ar arsebobis gamo sakmaod

xangrZlivi wyvetilia safrangeTis diplomatiur warmo-

madgenlebTan urTierTobaSi, magram es ar unda niSnav-

des, rom urToerToba ar arsebobda.

kastelis saxeldaxelod gakeTebul Canaxatebs da

maTze warwerebs is didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rom maTi

wyalobiT vigebT safrangeTis konstantinopoleli el-

Cis saqarTvelosTan urTierTobisadmi seriozul inter-

esze XVII saukunis Sua xanebSic, rac, ra Tqma unda,

safrangeTis samefo karis saqarTvelos mimarT interes-

sac niSnavda.

***

saqarTvelos SavizRvispira samTavroebs da, saerT-

od, saqarTvelos, saerTaSoriso politikuri da stra-

tegiuli mniSvnelobis garda, ekonomikuri mniSvnelobac

hqonda, rasac iTvaliswinebda, erTis mxriv Sahis kari,

meores mxriv, reC pospolitas saxelmwifo. mocemuli

1 iqve, gv. 122 2 iqve, gv. 138-139.

112

periodis am or Zlier saxelmwifos saqarTvelo miaCnda

erTmaneTTan damakavSirebel gzad.

saqarTvelo-poloneTis urTierTobis pirvel faqt-

ad miaCniaT varSavis arqivSi aRmoCenil qarTlis mefe

konstantine II-is werili gagzavnili espaneTis mefe-

dedoflisaTvis1, romelic poloneTSi Caitanes qarTve-

lma elCebma _ Zma nilom da Zma zaqariam. Znelia Tqma

imisa, ratom moxvda qarTveli mefis werilis rusulad

Targmnili varSavis arqivSi2. reC pospolita XVII s.

pirvel naxevarSi dapirispirebuli iyo osmaleTTan da

eZebda mokavSires mis winaaTmdeg brZolaSi. mas aseT

mokavSired esaxeboda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mudmivad

meomari irani. maxlobeli aRmosavleTis Sah-abas I-is

Zlieri saxelmwifo SeiZleboda reC pospolitas savaW-

ro partnioric yofiliyo.

irani da reC pospolita Tu odiSis da guriis sa-

mTavroebTan saWiro urTierTobas daamyarebdnen, maSin

maTi portebis gamoyenebas SeZlebdnen osmalebTan Ser-

kinebis dros.

odiSisa da guriis samTavroebis osmaleTTan ur-

TierTobaze, maTs ekonomikur da strategiul mniSvne-

lobaze, saintereso mosazrebebi dagvitova pietro de-

1 werilis rusuli Targmani SemTxveviT aRmoCnda varSavis

arqivSi 1823 wels da imave dros gamoqveynda rusulad. 1850

wels igi gadmobeWda «Закавказский Вестник»-ma. mari brosem mi-

si franguli Targmani istoriuli ganmartebebiT CaurTo Tav-

is `saqarTvelos axali istoriis~ pirvel gamocemas. Histore

moderne de la Géorgie, addition première. javaxiSvili i., Txzulebani

Tormet tomad, III, Tb., 1982. gv. 376. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da dip-

lomatia, II, gv. 171-173.

113

la valem1. isini, bunebrivia, cnobili iyo evropeli

politikosebisa da diplomatebisaTvis da iTvaliswi-

nebdnen kidec. maT xelT hqondaT XVI saukunis dasas-

rulisa da XVII saukunis pirveli naxevris mogzaur-

diplomatebis don xuan de persias (ulug beg baiaTi)

cnobebic maxlobeli aRmosavleTisa da saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb2. mis relaciaSi Zvirfasi cnobebia saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb3.

XVII s. pirvel mesamedSi qarTul samefo samTavro-

ebi sakmaod intensiurad rom urTierTobdnen reC pospo-

litasTan, amaze metyvelebs sxvadasxva dros saqarTve-

los teritoriaze aRmoCenili vercxlis mcire nomina-

lebi _ ortebi da poltorakebi4.

1 mogzauris pietro dela-vales moxseneba saqarTveloze pap

urban mervisadmi, 1627 w., gv. 56-57; mamisTvaliSvili e., saq-

arTvelos sagareo politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 613-616. 2 iran-reC pospolitas Soris elCebis mimosvlaze ix. Gulbenkian

R., L’Ambassade en Perse de Luis pereira de Lacerda et des Pères Portugais de

l’Ordre de Saint Augustin, Belchior dos Anjos et Guilherme de Santo Agostino,

1604-1605, Lisbonne, 1972, p. 103; zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparezze, Tb.ilisi, 1983, gv. 35-36.

3 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da di-

plomatia, II, gv.172, 188, 191, 197 (Sen. 1), 199-202, 211, 229, 242,

335-345, 348-350, 362-363, 369, 371, 374, 377, 378, 394, 401-402, 407, 409-411, 432-433)

4 qebulaZe r., evropuli monetebis mimoqceva saqarTveloSi XV-

XVIII saukuneebSi, Тбилиси, 1971, gv. 111-123; quTelia T., evropuli

monetebis ganZi kodaveTidan, `qarTvelogia~, #2, Tbilisi,

2013: 55-57; Джавахишвили Н., Малоизвестные страницы истории Гру-

зино-Балтийских отношении (X-XVIII вв.). «Кавказ и глобализация».

Журнал социально-политических и эконлмических исследований, т. 4, вып.

3-4, Швеция, 2010. c. 172-174; Джавахишвили Н., Очерки истории грузино-

балтийских взаимоотношений, Рига, 2015б, с. 24-30.

114

evropasTan aRmosavleTis damakavSirebeli konstan-

tinopolze gamavali gziT vaWrobis ganxorcielebis

ganzraxva rom ar hqonda levan dadians, amaSi gvarwmu-

nebs pietro dela vales oriode arapirdapiri cnoba.

mas gaugia, rom erTmaneTis mokavSire gurieli da dadi-

ani reC pospolitas mefesTan megobrobdnen da miwer-mo-

werac hqondaT.

cnobilia, guriis mTavarma mamia II-m (1600-1625),

odiSis mTavar manuCar dadianTan (1590-1611) SeTanxmebiT,

osmalebs aWara waarTva. amis Semdeg, rogorc pietro

dela vale gadmogvcems, maT `kazakebs kaci gaugzavnes

da TurqeTTan saomari mizniT TavianTi teritoria da

kavSiri SesTavazes. agreTve oqros patara jvrebi gaug-

zavnes. kazakebma didi kmayofilebiT miiRes es saCuq-

rebi. isinic (kazakebi) ara erTxel wasulan TavianTi

sazRvao flotiT kolxeTis sanapiroebisaken da aler-

siani maspinZloba daxvedriaT aq. kazakebi am mflobele-

bis savaWro gemebsac mfarvelobdnen zRvaze, romlebic

sxvadasxva adgilebSi mimodiodnen. am princma (guri-

elma Tu dadianma) miswera kazakebs, Tu TviT kazakebma

moifiqres amis Tqma meZneleba, magram is namdvilia, rom

kazakebma iranelebTan SeTanxmeba ganizraxes. maT ki

iranSi misvla SeeZloT mxolod am princebis samflo-

belos meSveobiT. Ees icodnen kazakebma da maT zRviT

ori aTasi kacisagan Semdgari razmi gagzavnes. kazake-

bis ganzraxva iyo daxmareba SeeTavazebinaT iranis me-

fisaTvis im omSi, romelsac es mefe TurqeTis wina-

aRmdeg gegmavda, im varaudiT, rom isini miiRebdnen na-

115

davls da ufleba eqnebodaT gaeZarcvaT yvela is qala-

qi, romelsac isini aiRebdnen~1.

reC pospolitas mefes farTo savaWro urTierToba

hqonda samegrelosa da guriis samTavroebTan, erTi qve-

ynidan meoreSi savaWro xomaldebi xSirad dadiodnen.

rogorc pietro dela vale ambobda, àm garemoebas Sei-

Zleba didi Sedegi mohyves qarTvelebisaTvis, radganac

yazaxebi dRes Savi zRvis batonebi arian da bevrad

Zlierni; polSis xelmwifes SeuZlia kidev am gziT,

romelic Zlier moklea, didad daexmaros qarTvelebs

yovel gaWirvebaSi...~ werda pietro dela vale2.

donis kazakebi osmaleTisadmi mtrulad ganwyobi-

li reC pospolitas mefis vasalebi iyvnen. es garemoeba

kidev ufro mosaxerxebels xdida iranis qarTlis _ od-

iSis _ Savi zRvis _ dnepris _ reC pospolitas gziT

centralur da dasavleT evropasTan naklebi xifaTiT

da mokle droSi dakavSirebas. aRniSnuli gziT sargeb-

lobis idea imdenad gaziarebuli iyo reC pospolitas

mTavrobis mier, rom man specialurad mimarTa iranis

Sahs, rom mis vaWrebs saqarTvelosa da Savi zRvis gze-

biT evloT. Znelia imis Tqma, ramdenad kargad icnobda

levan dadiani evropasTan damakavSirebeli axali savaW-

ro gzis amuSavebis gegmas, rodesac igi venecieli vaW-

rebis odiSis samTavroSi Cayvanaze ocnebobda, magram

Znelad dasajerebelia, rom aRniSnuli gzis eqsplo-ataciis survili erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, erTsa

1 cincaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitasa da saqarTvelos urTi-

erTobis istoriisaTvis (XV-XVII saukuneebi), Tb., 1965, gv. 57-

58. 2 mogzauris pietro dela-vales moxseneba saqarTveloze pap urban mervisadmi, 1627 w., gv. 57; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo ev-

ropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, II, gv. 47.

116

da imave dros gaCnda iranSi, reC pospolitasa da odi-Sis samTavroSi. savaraudebelia, rom dasaxelebuli qve-ynebis meTaurebs Soris, aRniSnul sakiTxze arsebobda kontaqtebi. evropaSi rom am gzis iranTan vaWrobisaT-vis gamoyenebaze ukve msjelobdnen, kargad Cans reC

pospolitasa da Sveciis mefeebis mier golSteinis her-

cogisaTvis gagzavnili sigelebidan. dasaxelebuli me-

feebi hercogs winadadebas aZlevdnen saqarTvelosa da

Sav zRvaze gamavali gziT emogzauraT iranSi. amave

gzis amuSavebis mizniT reC pospolitas mefem iranSi

gagzavna Tavisi warmomadgeneli Senbergi1.

unda gavixsenoT, rom am gziT erTxel ukve imogza-

ura romidan saqarTvelosken momavalma nikifore irbax-

ma. nikifores mier varSavidan gamgzavrebis dResve (1629

w. 14 aprili) poloneli arqiepiskoposi romSi acnobe-

bda, rom nikifores varSavaSi saqmiani Sexvedrebi da sa-

ubrebi hqonda yvela mTavar moxelesTan, visTanac Sex-

vedra da saubari surda2. imis Tqma minda, rom nikifore

irbaxs, levan dadianis saxlTuxucessa da sagareo po-

litikis mTavar mrCevels, sakmaod myari warmodgena

hqonda imaze rasac mTavars urCevda. araviTari saWi-

roeba ar iyo imisa, rom levan dadians nikifore irbaxi

xelaxla gaegzavna reC pospolitaze gamavali gzis da-

sazverad, rogorc m. svaniZe varaudobda3.

1644 wels levan dadianma paps gaugzavna werili,

romelSic sxvaTa Soris werda: `CvenSi ar arian Salis

1 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan,

gv. 235. 2 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, Tbili-

si, Tbilisi, 1995, gv.562, Sen. 1. 3 svaniZe m., saqarTvelo osmaleTis urTierTobis istoriidan,

gv. 234.

117

an abreSumis mqsovelebi, romelTa naxelavic saSua-

lebas miscemda Cvens qveSevrdomT tanisamosis Sovnisas,

radgan es ukanasknelni xSirad iZulebiT yidian Tavi-

anT navebs Turqebze da amiT sulsa da xorcs safr-

TxeSi igdeben, rac Seuwynarebelia da bunebisaTvis saZ-

raxisi. gevedrebiT gamogvigzavnoT didi raodenobiT

xelosnebi, rom maTma naxelavma da daxmarebam Tavidan

agvacilos msgavsi saSinelebani...~1. rogorc Cans sameg-

relos mTavars seriozuli miznebi hqonda Tavis

samTavroSi ganeviTarebina vaWroba da xelosnoba da

Tavis samTavro Caeba saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi.

levan dadiani moqmedebis kaci iyo. Canafiqris gan-

saxorcieleblad 1638 wlis axlo xanebSi odiSis misiis

prefeqti don pietro avitabile konstantinopolSi gag-

zavna, raTa veneciis respublikis elCis saSualebiT ve-

neciel vaWrebs dakavSireboda2. raTa maT zemoTdasaxe-

lebuli saqarveloSi gamavali gziT esargeblaT. Tu ev-

ropeli vaWrebi daiwyebdnen am gzis gamoyenebas maSin

odiSis samTavro did sargebels naxavda baJidan miRe-

buli gadasaxadebisa da saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi samTa-

vros CarTviT. avitabile Sexvda elCs da daxmarebis da-

pireba miiRo, magram sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo SeTan-

xmeba veRar Sesrulda3.

1645 wlis 23 ianvars, vatikanSi ganixiles levan II

dadianis werili, romelSic kvlav samegreloSi xelos-

nebis gagzavni Txovnac iyo. miRebul iqna Semdegi gada-

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 610-

611. 2 don juzepe judiCe milaneli, werilebi saqarTveloze / XVII

saukunis italiuri teqsti Targmna, winasityvaoba da SeniS-

vnebi daurTo b. giorgaZem, Tbilisi, 1964, gv. 24-27. 3 iqve.

118

wyvetileba: `daiZebnos bambisa da abreSumis damzade-

baSi daxelovnebuli morwmuneni kapucinelTa da wm.

franciskis reformatorTa Soris, romelTac survili

eqnebaT gaemgzavron samegrelos Teatinel misione-

rebTan erTad, raTa mTavris daJinebiTi TxovniT gawv-

rTnan misi eri dasaxelebul xelovnebaSi...~1

***

amgvarad, kastelis suraTze _ elCebis nadimi, asa-

xulia saqarTvelos sagareo politikisa da diplomati-

is erTi Rrma Sinaarsiani epizodi. zemoT ganxiluli

wyaroebis Semdeg albaT aRar gaCndeba kiTxvebi: ratom

miiwvia safrangeTis elCma erTdroulad qarTveli da

poloneli elCebi? ra hqondaT saerTo da ra davaleba

SeiZleboda SeesrulebinaT maT? elCebis Sekreba xdebo-

da safrangeTis elCis msio del aie-s (igive de la e)

saxlSi da misi iniciatori iyo kristoforo de kaste-

li. cxadia, aseTi Sexvedrebi safrangeTis interesebsac

Seesabameboda. savaraudoa, Sekrebebi xdeboda konspira-

ciulad konstantnopolSi, radgan gansaxilveli sakiT-

xebi antiosmaluri iyo. stumrebisa da maspinZelis

msjeloba exeboda politikur da ekonomikur sakiTxebsa

da maTi gadawyvetis gzebs. magram saerTaSoriso viaTa-

rebaSi momxdarma cvlilebebma xeli SeuSala maTi geg-

mebis ganxorcielebas.

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 611.

119

qarTveli `muslimani~ mefeebis

diplomatia

specialurad Seswavlis sagania e.w. muslimani mef-

eebis moRvaweoba da misi Sedegebi. qarTul istoriogra-

fiaSi am sakiTxiT pirveli dainteresda platon iose-

liani1.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos iranTan kavSiris `ganmt-

kicebas~, rac am ukanasknelis mier mis STanTqmas gu-

lisxmobda, mravali faqtori uSlida xels, pirvel

rigSi ki religia da is politika, romelsac isini

farulad Tu axdilad axorcielebdnen erTmaneTis mim-

arT. Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo Semdegi garemoebac: qar-

Tli da kaxeTi erTnairad ar aqtiurobdnen iranTan

urTierTobaSi, pirveli gamudmebiT ibrZoda iranis

pretenziebisa da agresiis winaaRmdeg, meore ki, aRiar-

ebda Tavis vasalur damokidebulebas. qarTlisa da kax-

eTis bagrationebis metoqeoba ori samefos gaerTianebi-

saTvis, swrafva ruseTisaken, yvelaferi es aiZulebda

iranis Sahebs, SeZlebisdagvarad, gaeTvaliswinebinaT,

rom iaraRiT aklebiT, daxarkviT, mZevlebis warTmeviT

da sxv. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos srul morCilebaSi

moyvana ver moxerxdeboda. ase moqmedebdnen is Sahebi,

romlebic iTvaliswinebdnen saqarTvelo-iranis Sore-

ul Tu axlo urTierTobis istorias.

iranis xelisufalni saqarTveloSi iqceodnen im-

droindeli aRmosavluri samarTlebrivi suliT da ma-

TTvis xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT. isini sxvadasxva xe-

rxebiT cdilobdnen TavianT momxred gaexadaT qarTve-

li mefe. Sahi Tavis rCeuls, romelic adgilobrivi di-

1 Иоселиани П. И., Исторический взгляд на состояние Грузии под вла-

стью царей-магометан, Тифлис, 1849.

120

nastiis warmomadgeneli iyo, aRWurvida sainvestitucio

niSnebiT. Tu saWiroeba moiTxovda Sahs SeeZlo igi

daepatimrebinaT kidec. Sahebi mefeebs an maT nacvlebs

utovebdnen sasamarTlos warmoebis da mmarTvelobis

funqciebs, miuZRvnidnen saCuqrebs... erTi sityviT qarT-

velebs hyavdaT TavianTi tradiciuli dinastiis mefe-

ebi1.

urTierTobas mTeli gvianSua saukuneebis manZilze

saqarTvelos iranTan gasdevda is Tezisi, romelic

qarTlis mefe konstantine II-m Camoayaliba espaneTis me-

fisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi: iranelebi Cvvengan iTx-

oven sam rames: xarkis gadaxdas, maT rigebSi brZolas

da islamis miRebas. iranelebis mier gatarebuli mkacri

RonisZiebebis _ miuxedavad, gamanadgurebeli Semosevebi-

sa da mosaxleobis umowyalod Jletisa da tyved way-

vanis, TavadTa mniSvnelovani nawilis mosyidvisa da

sxv. miuxedavad, iranma ver SeZlo miznis miRweva: qarT-

veli xalxi da misi patrioti liderebi ver gatexa da

daimorCila; man ver SeZlo saqarTvelos STanTqma; ira-

ni iZulebuli iyo aRmosavleT saqarTvelo hyoloda

vasalur damokidebulebaSi, romelic agrZelebda bagra-

tionTa dinastiis tradiciebiT cxovrebas, miuxedavad

imisa mefe marTlmadidebeli Tu muslimani iqneboda.

XVII s. 30-iani wlebidan qarTlisa da kaxeTis me-

feebi mahmadianebi iyvnen, yovel SemTxvevaSi ise Canda,

rom oficialurad isini mahmadianur yaidaze cxovrob-

dnen.

Sahis gavlena qarTlis samefoze upirvelesyovli-

sa iqidan Canda, rom mefed, XVII saukunis 30-ani wle-

bidan aucileblad gamahmadianebuli romelime bagra-

tioni iniSneboda valis tituliT. `magram es odnavadac

1 Авалов З., Присоединение Грузии к России, СПб., 1901, с. 34.

121

ar cvlida da ar exeboda qarTul socialur-eko-nomikur wyobas, romlis warmonaqmnsac Tavadur-baton-ymuri saxelmwifo warmoadgenda~1.

XVII saukunis iranSi sul oTxi vali iyo: arabi-

stanis, luristanis, gurjistanisa da qurTistanis. isi-

ni faqtobrivad damoukidebelni iyvnen. maT dakisrebu-

li hqondaT samxedro daxmareba da gamosaRebi ZRvenis

saxiT. magram, radgan XVII saukunis garkveul periodSi

kaxeTs ganagebdnen yizilbaSi xanebi, amitom igi miweri-

li iyo yarabaxis sabeglarbegoze. igi Sahisadmi samsa-

xurisaTvis iRebda `nawyalobev~ soflebs CrdiloeT

iranis olqebSi2.

XVIII saukunis Sua xanebamde qarTlis mefes zeda-

mxedvelobdnen specialuri moxeleebi, romlebic uSua-

lod SahTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni.

droTa ganmavlobaSi iranis gavlenam Tavi iCina

qarTuli qalaqebis samoxeleo aparati saxelwodebaTa

cvlilebebSi: mouravis, nacvalis, mamasaxlisis, taruR-

as naclad gvaqvs meliqi, qalaqis veziri, qalanTari da

asasi3.

Sahis upirvelesi sazrunavi saqarTveloSi iyo am

qveynis gaerTianebis ardaSveba. imisaTvis, rom iran-

isTvis es saSiSi procesi ar ganviTarebuliyo, Sahi Ta-

vis moxeleebad niSnavda rogorc mefes, ise gamorCeul

Tavadebs. isini ikavebdnen umaRles samxedro da samo-

qalaqo Tanamdebobebs iranis imperiaSi. iranSi Tavs

iyrida mravali qarTveli, romlebic sxvadasxva mizezis

gamo xvdebodnen imperiis qalaqebSi. mravlis metyvelia

1 gabaSvili v., qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba XVI-XVII sau-

kuneebSi (SedarebiTi Seswavlis cda), Tbilisi, 1958, gv. 74. 2 iqve, gv. 375. 3 iqve, gv. 374-376.

122

germaneli mecnier-mogzauris engelbert kempfer erTi

cnoba, romlis mixedviT 1684 wels ispaanSi cxovrobda

daaxloebiT 20 aTasi gamahmadianebuli qarTveli.

iranis mTavrobam, marTalia, ver SeZlo qarTuli

socialur-politikuri wyobis aRmosavlur yaidaze gar-

daqmna, magram feodalebi valdebuli gaxada qristiani

mefeebis mier miwaTmflobelebze qarTuli kanonmdeb-

lobis mixedviT damtkicebuli samkvidro mamulis Sahis

mier saTanado aqtiT ganaxleba garkveuli pirobebiT:

Sahisadmi erTguleba da samsaxuri1.

rostom mefis diplomatia farsadan gorgijaniZe Tavis moamage rostom mefes

ase axasiaTebda: `mefe anagebad gulmowyale kaci iyo da adre Seundobda orgulTa da damnaSaveTa. gaWire Zu-

lTa da SeRonebulTa Svela icoda, medidurT pativis mdebi iyo, nametnavad mandilosanTa. Qqvriv obolTa da glaxaT sarCos uCenda, nametnavad TavisianTa~2. `mefe (rostomi _ e. m.) mravalgvarad nacadi da auCqarebeli, Wkviani, monaxuli batoni brZandeboda, qveynis aSlas da jaris arevas erideboda, Tavad ymaT dafrTxoba ar undoda~3.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT, `xolo ese rostom iyo mohamediani da mun aRzrdili, rameTu, fri-ad Wkuiani, morWmul mdidari; rameTu aqunda yularaRa-soba yeenisa, mouraoba ispaanisa da niWvida yeeni uric-

1 kacitaZe d., XVI-XVII saukuneTa iranuli dokumenturi wya-

roebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis // kavkasiur-axloaRmosav-

luri krebuli, II, Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 196. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 245. 3 iqve, gv. 246.

123

xsa, da uÃmobda mamad. aman ganagna wessa zeda yizilba-STasa karis gamgeni TÂsni, da arca moSalna qarTulni da daadgina ornive da mianiWebda qarTvelTa boZsa mci-reTa da ierTgulebda maT~1.

iranSi aRzrdili, muslimani rostom mefisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli ar iyo religiuri fanatizmi. iv. java-

xiSvilis daxasiaTebiT, `Tumca rostom mefe Tavisi aRzrdiTa da zneCveulebiT ufro iraneli iyo, vidre qarTveli, politikuradac iranis saxelmwifos yurmoW-rili yma da misi politikis erTguli ganmaxorciele-beli iyo, magram qarTlSi mosvlisTanave saxelmwifos batonpatronis saRma grZnobam gaiRviZa da qveynis keT-ildReobisaTvis mzrunvelobas Seudga~2.

yizilbaSTa jariT qarTlSi Semosuli rostomi

cdilobda dabali mosaxleoba ar dazaralebuliyo da

ucxo jars, Cveulebisamebr TareSi da xalxis Zarcva

ar moexdina. rostomi gorSi imyofeboda, sadac dide-

bulebi mividnen da morCileba gamoucxades. magram ar

eaxla farsadan ciciSvili. amis gamo jaris sardali

rostom saakaZe3 sacicianoSi SeiWra da misi aoxreba da-

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba , IV, gv. 438. 2 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, IV, Tbilisi, 1967,

gv. 370. 3 rostom-xan saakaZe (1588-1643) imyofeboda Sah-abasis da Sah

sefis samsaxurSi, iyo vaJi qarTveli Tavadis beJan begis,

romelic 1578 wels osmalebis qarTlSi შemoWris Semdeg

iranSi gadasaxlda. rostomi izrdeboda muslimanad da 11

wlisa Sevida შah abas I-is samsaxurSi 1599 wels. man Tavi

gamoiCina osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da daiwyo misi

samsaxureobrivi aRmasvla: iyo Sahis saWurvelTmtvirTveli

(1623-1624 ww.), divanbegi (1626-1627 ww.), sipah-salari (mTavar-

sardali da azerbaijanis beglarbegi (1626-1627 ww.). Ralat-

124

iwyo. rodesac rostom mefem amis Sesaxeb Seityo spa-

salar rostoms SeuTvala: `saqarTvelo isedac aoxre-bulia da Tqven rasRa aoxrebTo~. spasalarsa da mefes

Soris amis Semdeg uTanxmoeba Camovarda. orivem Sahs mi-

marTes saqmis gasarCevad. Sahma mefes dauWira mxari da

spasalari rostomi saqarTvelodan gaiwvia. rostom

saakaZis wasvlis Semdeg farsadan ciciSvili da sxva

Tavadebi, romlebic manamde rostomTan dapirispirebas

lamobdnen, gorSi mividnen da morCileba gamoucxades1.

igi sxva religiebis arsebul mdgomareobas icavda,

winaaRmdegi iyo erTi konfesiidan meoreSi gadasvlisa.

aseTi ram im SemTxvevaSi daiSveboda Tu vinme gamusli-

mebas moisurvebda. sxva SemTxvevaSi damnaSave sikvdil-

iT daisjeboda2.

àman rostom moiyvana colad abaSiSvilis gor-jaspis asuli qeTevan da uwoda gulduxtar da iqor-wina qristianul-mahmadianur~3. rostomis `qristianul-

mahmadianuri~ qorwineba, pirvel rigSi plitikuri moti-

viT iqneboda ganpirobebuli. is xom qristianuli qvey-

nis mefe gaxda da, ra Tqma unda, mas angariSi unda gae-

wia Tavisi qristiani qveSevrdomebisaTvis. ratom unda

Si braldebiT sikvdiliT dasajes 1643 wels. Rota, G., Three

Little-Known Persian Sources of the Seventeenth Century // Iranian

Studies, 31 (2), 1998, p. 159–176; maeda hirotake, rostom xan saakaZe da misi ojaxi // axlo aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo,

Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 33-35; maeda hirotake, qarTvelebi iranSi.

RulamTa oTxi ojaxis eTnosocialuri warmomavloba, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 28-34.

1 kariWaSvili d., rostom mefe, z. WiWinaZis gamocema, Tfi-

lisi, 1894, gv. 12. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 131. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 439.

125

gamovricxoT, rom rostoms garkveuli simpatiebi da

mokrZaleba hqonda mamapapaTa am sarwmunoebisadmi1. ros-

tom mefis Semwynarebloba zogadad religiisadmi cno-

bili iyo gareSe damkvirveblebisTvisac. misi Tanamed-

rove da samefo karTan daaxloebuli kaTolike misio-

neri patris, don pietro avitabiles mier 1634 wels

romSi gagzavnili moxsenebis anotaciaSi vkiTxulobT:

`rac Seexeba xelmwife (rostoms _ e.m.), man (pietro avi-tabilem _ e.m.) ar icis, romeli aRmsareblobisaa, rad-gan eklesiaSi ar dadis, arasodes marxulobs, mavrebTan (muslimanebTan _ e.m.) iqceva ise rogorc muslimani, xo-lo Tavis colTan pirjvars iwers~2. igives vigebT

avitabiles mier 1635 wels kvlav romSi gagzavnili

vrceli moxsenebidan: `mefe arasodes eklesiaSi ar dadis, arc erT marxvas ar inaxavs da es yovel dRe grZeldeba. mahmadianebs ucxadebs, igi mahmadiania da Tavis colTan ki pirjvars iwers~3. misioneri sxvagan, Tavis relaciaSi rostomze gvamcnobs: `miuxedavad imi-sa, rom igi mahmadiania igi didad xels uwyobs, zoga-dad, qristianebs. avitabile, Tavisi interesebidan gamo-mdinare, rostomis pirovnebis kidev ufro dadebiTad daxasiaTebisaTvis, papis yuradRebas miapyrobs im gare-moebas, rom qarTlis mefe xSirad Sedis avgustianeleb-is eklesiaSi wirvis mosasmenad~4.

1 Sdr. kapanaZe m., qristianobisa da eklesiisadmi rostom xa-nis damokidebulebis sakiTxisaTvis // kavkasia da aRmosav-

leTi, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 64. 2 Жордания Г., Гамезардашвили З., Римско-католическая миссия и Гру-

зия, ч. I, c. 553. 3 don pietro avitabile, cnobebis saqarTveloze, gv. 34. 4 iqve, gv. 57.

126

rostom mefis politika da diplomatia gansakuT-

rebiT mkveTrad gamoCnda mis meore qorwinebaSi.

rostomi, odiSis mTavris, levan II dadianis dis,

mariamis SerTvas, Teimuraz mefis mier Tavisi asulis

darejanis imereTis batoniSvilze aleqsandreze daqor-

winebis kontrRonisZiebad acxadebda. 1633 wels rodesac

rostomi yizilbaSTa laSqriT saqarTvelo-Si Semovida,

Teimurazi didi amaliT imereTSi gadavida, radgan iq

saimedo TavSesafari hqonda. `batoni Teimuraz imereTs Seixizna: qali iyo imisi imerlis mefis Svilis aleqsan-

dres coli da C~n da dadiani batoni levan davmoyv-rdiT da SevirTeT daÁ misi~1. ase lakonured gadmosca

rostomma mariamze Tavisi daqorwinebis mniSvneloba.

qarTlis mefisa da odiSis mTavris dis qorwine-

baze, rogorc didi politikuri mniSvnelobis aqtze,

rostomi mxolod migvaniSnebs. Tanamedrove politiko-

sebisaTvis ki sruliad naTeli iyo, rom saqarTveloSi

iqmneboda dapirispirebulTa ori banaki. TiToeuli maT-

ganis ukan idga irani an osmaleTi igi mimarTuli iyo

odiSis mTavris yvela mtrisa da giorgi III-sa da

Teimuraz I-is yvela mokeTis winaaRmdeg.

rostomsa da mis kariskacebs saqarTvelos uZli-

eres mTavarTan, levan II dadianTan damoyvrebis idea

gauCndaT mas Semdgeg rac safuZvlianad Seiswavles sa-

qarTvelos saSinao da sagareo politikur viTareba da

gaiTvaliswines qarTlis samefos sagareo urTierTo-

bebis perspeqtivebi. Aaucilebeli iyo Seupovari da mou-

xelTebel Teimuraz mefis ganeitralebac, romelsac

mravali momxre hyavda aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da im-

ereTis samefoSi.

1 qronikebi, II, gv. 463.

127

rostom mefe xels uwyobda Mmariam dedoflis mier

Sah-abasis Semosevebisa da sxva uaryofiTi movlenebis

Sedegad dazianebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRdgenas, ieru-

salimis qarTuli eklesia-monastrebisaTvis Sesawiravebis

gagzavnas.

rostom mefe, rogorc diplomati, aseve kargad

gamoCnda misi Teimuraz mefisadmi damokidebulebaSi.

erTi SexedviT gaugebari iyo rostomis `lmobiereba~

Teimurazisadmi, romelTan brZolas Sealia TiTqmis

mTeli Tavisi mefoba. mas ramdenjerme hqonda saSualeba

gaenadgurebina Teimurazi fizikurad, magram es ar gaa-

keTa, rac mkvlevrebSi gakvirvebas iwvevda. Cemi azriT,

rostomis moqmedebas swori axsna mouZebna g. jamburiam:

`safiqrebelia, rom rostomis saqcieli unda aixsnas ara misi `raindobiT~, aramed ufro sxva da Rrma mize-zebiT. Wkviani politikosi rostomi, etyoba kargad grZ-nobda, rom Teimurazis energiuli brZola iranis wina-aRmdeg ramdenadme ganapirobebda Sahis SedarebiT lo-ialur politikas qarTlisa da TviT rostomisadmi. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Teimurazi aRar iqneboda da kaxeTSi yizilbaSi xani dajdeboda, irani rostomisagan ufro mets moiTxovda _ e.i. ecdeboda qarTlic, kaxeTis msgavsad, saxanod gadaeqcia da SesaZloa TviT ros-tomic yizilbaSi xaniT SeecvalaT. Sahis gadawyveti-leba, kaxeTi rostomisaTvis gadaeca, uTuod iman gana-piroba, rom Teimurazi Sepyrobili ar iyo da mas kidev hqonda saSualeba brZolis gagrZelebisa. aseT viTa-rebaSi SahisTvis rostomi yvelaze metad sasurveli ka-ndidati iyo, romlis zomieri politika rogorc ira-nisaTvis, ise qarTvelebisaTvis asatani iyo~.

128

vaxtang V Sahnavazis diplomatia

1. vaxtang V-em, XVII saukunis saqarvelos Wkvianma,

gamocdilma politikosma da diplomatma, rogorc Cans,

sworad Seafasa Teimuraz I-is qarTl-kaxeTisaTvis

brZolis uperspeqtivoba da, Semovida Tu ara rostom

mefe saqarTveloSi, maSinve mis mxares dadga, rac

mxolod axal mefesTan mxolod naTesaobiT ar iyo

ganpirobebuli1. vaxtangma rostom mefe Teimurazis wi-

naaRmdeg brZolis dros imdenad daarwmuna Tavis erT-

gulebaSi, rom sabolood, misi rekomendaciiT Sahma vax-

tangi mis memkvidred daamtkica. vaxtangi iranSi daiba-

res, gaamahmadianes, uwodes Sahnavazi da didi pativiT

gamouSves saqarTveloSi. vidre rostom mefe cocxali

iyo, vaxtangs qarTlis gamgebloba hqonda, rostomis

gardacvalebis Semdeg ki, qarTlis mefe gaxda (1658-1675).

rogor imedebs amyarebda Sah-abas II vaxtangze, kar-

gad gamoCnda rostomis sicocxlis bolo periodsa da

misi gardacvalebis Semdeg. vaxtangma Sahs acnoba ros-

tomis moxucebulobisa da mosalodneli male garda-

cvalebis Sesaxeb. Sahma maSinve sando kaci gamogzavna

rostomis sanaxavad, romelmac veRar mouswro cocxal

qarTlis mefes. man, vidre Sahis raime gankarguleba

movidoda dedofali mariami, misi usafrTxoebis dacvis

mizniT Tbilisis cixeSi Seiyvana, xolo rostomis sa-

ganZurs guSagebi dauyenes. radgan Teimuraz I-s erTgu-

li zaal aragvis erisTavi ar daemorCila vaxtangx da,

ufro meti, SeiraRebuli ZaliT avlabarSi gamagrda.

amis Sesaxeb vaxtangma dauyovnebliv acnoba Sahs2.

1 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 325. 2 iqve, gv. 447.

129

miuxedavad imisa, rom vaxtangi taxtis memkvidred

iyo gamocxadebuli, mas rostom mefis gardacvalebis

Semdeg avtomaturad taxtis dakaveba ar SeeZlo Sahis

saTanado nebarTvis gareSe. amiT iyo gamowveuli misi

situaciisaTvis Seuferebeli umoqmedoba da yvelaferis

SahisaTvis Setyobineba da misgan Sesabamisi brZanebisa-

Tvis lodini. àramed msmenelman amisman yeenman mosca mefoba qarTlisa vaxtangs da niWni didni da saganZurni rostomisani da dedofali Mmariam, raTa SeirTos co-lad~.

amisma msmenelma zaal erisTavma neba iboZa da du-

SeTSi gabrunda, uari sTqva vaxtangisadmi morCilebaze

da masTan damZaxlebaze. ganzraxuli iyo vaxtangis

asulis zaalis vaJze daqorwineba. ra Tqma unda, vaxtan-

gisTvis ioli ar iqneboda mariam dedoflis SerTva,

magram mas, rogorc muslimans, misi axali sarwmunoeba

avaldebulebda amis gakeTebas. àramed uRono qmnilman ganuteva rodam da iqorwina mariamsa zeda~1.

Tavidan iseTi piri uCanda, rom vaxtang V Sah-abas

meoris usityvod morCili unda yofiliyo, magram sinam-

dvileSi ase ar aRmoCnda. man gamefebisTanave mtkice ne-

bisyofa, moxerxebuloba da diplomatiuri niWi gamo-

amJRavna. misi mTavari mizani saqarTvelos ganTavisuf-

leba da gaerTianeba iyo. am miznis misaRwevad saerTa-

Soriso mdgomareobac xelsayreli Canda. aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTavari mteri _ irani daqveiTebis gzas

daadga. amitom iyo, rom vaxtang V-em gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba samefos SigniT mowinaaRmdegeebis alagmvas

da mSvidobis damyarebas mianiWa. magram am amocanis

gadawyveta mTel rig sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.

1 iqve.

130

roca rostom mefem vaxtangi Tavis memkvidred ga-

moacxada, mis am gadawyvetilebas missave sicocxleSi

gamouCndnen iseTi mowinaaRmdegeni, romlebic TavianTi

privilegiebis SenarCuneba-gaZlierebisaTvis mzad iyvnen

qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebisTvisac ki daeWiraT mxari.

mravali didebuli vaxtangisadmi ukmayofilo iqneboda

mis mier Teimuraz I-is iranSi gagzavnis gamo. rogorc

Cans mas am moqmedebas did naklad uTvlidnen rogorc

qarTl-kaxeTSi darCenili ise iranSi gadaxvewili Tei-

murazis momxrenic1. mefis winaaRmdeg gansakuTrebiT

aqtiurobdnen aragvis erisTavi zaali da qsnis eris-

Tavi elizbari. gasagebia, rogori SeuTavsebloba iqmne-

boda, mefesa da dasaxelebul feodalebsa da maT mom-

xreebs Soris, im dros, rodesac mefis umTavresi mizani

qveynis gaerTianeba iyo.

am miznis ganxorcielebas saqarTveloSi arsebuli

politikuri viTarebac TiTqos xels uwyobda, Tu mxed-

velobaSi iqneba miRebuli, rom Sahnavazs ukve emorCi-

leboda TiTqmis mTeli kaxeTi.

imereTSi dawyebulma feodalurma aSlilobam Sah-

navazs iqaur saqmeebSi SeiaraRebuli Carevis saSualeba

misca. man da vamiy dadianma, romelic winaT rostom me-

1 poloneTis mefis elCad 1681 wels iranSi namyof salomon

gostans zagorskis nikolas vitsenisaTvis gadaucia ìranis

aRweriloba~, romelSic is, savaraudoa, iranSi mcxovrebi

qarTvelebis informaciaze dayrdnobiT aRniSnavda, rom

Sahnavazxanma saqarTvelos dacemas Seuwyo xeli, rodesac

iranis mefes gadasca Teimurazi. nikolas vitseni, Crdilo-

eTi da aRmosavleTi tartareTi. saqarTvelo anu iberia da

samegrelo. Targmna da komentarebi arCil da nino java-

xaZeebisa, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 256.

131

fis mokavSire iyo, axla mis memkvidre vaxtang V-sTan

agrZelebda kavSirs. maT erTmaneTSi gaiyves imereTi1.

mefesa da mTavars Soris kavSiris ganmtkicebis mi-

zniT dadianma Tavisi asuli vaxtangis ufros vaJs, ar-

Cils colad aRuTqva, magram qorwineba aRar Sesdga2.

Sahnavazma amis Semdeg kavSiri daamyara demetre

gurielTan da zemo imereTis TavadebTan, romlebmac

igi quTaisSi miiwvies. mefe didi jariT gadavida ime-

reTSi da mniSvnelovani cixeebi daipyro, quTaisi da

zugdidi daikava da dadianad dasva levan II dadianis

Zmiwuli Samadavle, romelic cnobilia levan III-is

saxeliT (1661-1680). vaxtangs morCileba gamoucxades af-

xazeTis da guriis mTavrebma. 1661 wels vaxtangma

imereTis mefed gamoacxada 14 wlis batoniSvili arCi-

li da, amgvarad, man TiTqmis mTeli saqarTvelo gaa-

erTiana3.

Sahnavazis gaZlierebam SeaSfoTa orive agresori _

osmaleTi da irani. am orma saxelmwifom 1555 da 1639

wlebis sazavo xelSekrulebebiT saqarTvelo gaiyves

gavlenis sferoebad. aqedan gamomdinare, vaxtangis, Sah-

is vasalis xelisuflebis dasavleT saqarTveloze gav-

rcelebiT faqtobrivad irRveoda maT Soris mSvidoba.

osmaleTi amas ar dauSvebda. arc Sahis karisTvis iyo

misaRebi Sahnavazis gaZliereba, miT umetes Tu amas os-

maleTTan urTierTobis daZabva mohyveboda. osmaleTma

kategoriulad moiTxova irans arCili imereTidan wae-

yvana, rac dakmayofilebul iqna. arCili iranSi daibar-

1 batoniSvili vaxuSti, qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 408. 2 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 271; vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarT-

lis cxovreba, IV, gv. 449. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 448

132

es, gaamahmadianes, Sah-nazari (`mefis mowyaleba~)1 daar-

qves da kaxeTis mefoba uboZes2.

vaxtangsa da arCils ruseTidan mobrunebuli Tei-

muraz I-is SviliSvilis, erekle daviTis Zis (SemdegSi

erekle I) mogeriebac mouxdaT 1662-1664 da 1674 wlebSi.

vaxuStis mixedviT, axalcixis faSam vaxtang V-is

Ze luarsabi axalcixeSi waiyvana im pirobiT, rom imere-

Tis taxts daapyrobinebda. Zmis kvals daadga arCilic.

mefem arCils kaTalikosi daadevna, `raTa moiqces da acados dRe sikvdilisa mefesa da Semdgomad ra igi ene-bos hyos. garna arCil arRaraÁ ismina, arca Seigona vedreba mamisa TÂsisa”3.

vaxtang V-m icoda ra Sahis ganwyobileba qarTle-

li bagrationebis imereTSi gamefebisadmi, rom iranis

mbrZanebeli arCilisa da misi Zmis moqmedebas or mus-

limur qveyanas Soris konfliqtis provocirebad Cau-

Tvlida, man TviTonve acnoba Sahs Tavisi Svilebis dau-

morCileblobis Sesaxeb da Tavisi ucodvelobis da-

samtkiceblad yazvinSi Casvla SesTavaza. Sahnavazis is-

paanSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs gvTava-

zobs ambis Tanamedrove farsadan gorgijaniZe.

1 Гафуров А., Имя и история, Москва, 1987, 211. Sahnazaris da ga-muslimanebuli qarTveli mefeebis zogierTi sxva saxelis

ganmarteba momawoda da wyaroebzec mimiTiTa Turqologma prof. marine Soniam risTvisac madlobas movaxseneb.

2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 451. arCil II-is kaxeTSi mefobis da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix. asaTiani n.,

kaxeTi arCil II-is mefobis dros (1664-1675) // saqarTvelo da

aRmosavleTi. eZRvneba saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis

wevr-korespondentis SoTa mesxias xsovnas, Tbilisi, 1981, gv.

115-126. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 455.

133

Sahma vaxtangi TavisTan daibara. axla ki Sahnavazma

`Sepatijeba inana~ da rogorc SeiZleba farsadan gor-

gijaniZis naTqvami gavigoT, mefem mrCevlebs daabrala

mis mier SahisaTvis SeTavazebuli winadadeba ispaanSi

Casvlis Sesaxeb. magram ukve gvian iyo, undoda Tu ara

Sahs unda xleboda da didi amaliT gaemgzavra. gamg-

zavrebis win Sahnavazma Svilebs giorgisa da levans da-

ubara: `me rom yaenis winaSe wavideo, Tqven iase eris-

Tavs miuÃediTo da rac avi iyos is uyaviTo~. batoni-

Svilebma mefis danabarebi umaRles doneze Seasrules:

jer iases qveSevrdomebi gadmoibires, Semdeg didi ja-

riT SeiWrnen saerisTavoSi. iasem jalabi gaxizna da

TviTon kaxeTze gavliT SahTan wavida. am dros Sahnavaz

mefe ukve yazminSi imyofeboda. ìq moaxsenes _ qsnis er-isTavs iases Cauvliao da yaenTan wasulao. Tavad avad iyo da merme es anbavi didad ewyina. yazminiT avadmyofi wavida da xoSkarus qarvansaraSi Zlivs Cawiva... xoSqar-us qarvan saraSi miawia da iq miicvala da es anbavi ya-ens misweres~1.

gansxvavebulia vaxuSti batoniSvilis monaTxrobi:

vaxtangma Sahs miswera Tavisi Svilebis uRirsi saq-

cielis Sesaxeb da misadmi erTgulebisa da Tavisi

ucodvelobis damtkicebis mizniT mzad iyo mis winaSe

wamdgariyo. Sah suleimans moewona misi winadadeba. `wa-rvida mefe didebiTa didiTa da ÃelmwifuriTa, raTa iyo mdidar friad da ara raÁ dauteva ZeTa TÂsTa urCe-bisaTvis maTisa, vinaÁTgan risxvida friad~. Semdeg va-xuSti mogviTxrobs batoniSvilebis mier qsnis saeris-

Tavos aklebas da ieses gaZevebas. `da dasues daTuna

1 farsadan gorgijaniZe, gv. 275.

134

erisTavad. xolo mefe Sanaoz STavida xoSkars, mun sa-lmobier iqmna da mokuda~1.

vaxtang Sahnavazis gardacvalebis mizezis araofi-

cialuri versiac arsebobda. gavrcelebuli iyo xma,

sparselebis mier misi mokvlis Sesaxeb. kapuCini misi-

oneri juzepe antonio romano 1677 wlis 1 aprils go-

ridan romSi `maRali pirisadmi~ miweril werilSi la-

parakobs, rom àxlaxan gardaicvala aqauri vice-mefe2,

romelic sparselebma mowamles~3. mefis gardacvalebis

aseTi versiis gavrceleba usafuZvlo ar iyo, Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT mis daZabul urTierTobas Sahis

karTan, gansakuTrebiT misi mefobis bolo periodSi.

magram gadawyvetiT ver vityvi, ramdenad Seesabameboda

igi simarTles.

vaxtang V Sahnavazi dakrZales yumSi, iq, sadac ga-

nisvenebda misi mamobili rostom mefe.

2. XVII s. 60-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi modian

kaTolikuri ordenis _ kapucinebis4 patrebi. radgan Cve-

nSi, zogadad, kaTolikuri ordenebis warmomadgenlebis

moRvaweoba, garkveuli gagebiT, evropasTan urTierTob-

ad aRiqmeboda da es marTlac ase iyo, amitom jer mok-

led gadavavloT Tvali kapucinebis saqmianobas saqarT-

veloSi, Semdeg ki maT mier datovil werilobiT cnob-

ebi ganvixiloT, romlebic met-naklebad srul warmod-

genas gviqmnis Sahnavazis sagareo politikasa da dip-

lomatiaze.

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 456. 2 saubaria qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-ze anu Sahnavazze. 3 Archivio di Propaganda Fide, Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Giorgia

1626-1707, vol I, ff. 234 r -137 r.

4 kapucinebi, ix. franciskelebi, wignSi: petrozoli p., qris-

tianobis leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 357.

135

m. TamaraSvilis daxasiaTebiT: `kapucunebisagan di-di araferi iyo mosalodneli ise, rogoraTac moiTx-ovda saqarTvelos saWiroeba, radgan ganaTlebis mxriv, kapucinebis ordens sxva ordenTa Soris ukanaskneli adgili uWiravs. miuxedavad amisa, kapucinebs SeeZloT sakmao nayofi gamoeRoT, ukeTu saqarTveloSi mosuli yvela misionerebi Sesaferisad momzadebul yofiliyv-nen TavianTi misionisaTvis, samwuxarod, ris qmnac ki SeeZloT kapucinebs, isic ki ver aRasrules somxebis gamo, romelTac imdenjer sdevnes da yoveli RonisZieba ixmares, maTi Sroma yoveli mxriT unayofo eqmnaT~1. Tu

m. TamaraSvilis mixedviT kapucinebis saqarTvelSi war-

umateblobis mizezi is iyo, rom marTlmadidebelma qar-

Tvelebma sarwmunoeba rom ar Seicvales, da es mxolod

somxebisagan xelSeSlam gamoiwvia, ra Tqma unda, simar-

Tles ar asaxavs. kapucinebis da maTi winamorbedi ka-

Tolikuri ordenebis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis reli-

giuri propagandis saqmeSi warumateblobis umTavresi

mizezi marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis mamapapaTa sarw-

munoebaze mtkiced dgoma iyo. rac Seexeba qarTveli

mefeebis sagareo politikas da evropasTan diploma-

tiur urTierTobas, kaTolike misionerebs TavianTi mni-

Svnelovani wvlili hqondaT. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos Teimuraz I-isa da

misi Semdgomi e.w. muslimani mefeebis da feodaluri ze-

dafenis kaTolike misionerebis mimarT damokidebulebis

Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi da, zogadad, sxvadasxva qveyneb-

Si moRvawe kaTolike misionerebi, garkveuli gagebiT,

evropis kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebidan iyvnen, magram

romis paps eqvemdebarebodnen. maT mimarT xelisuflebi-


gv. 559

136

sa da feodaluri didkacobis liberaluri damokidebu-

leba, maTTvis Tavisufali moqmedebis saSualebis mi-

cema da xelis Sewyobac, XVII s. 20-ani wlebidan moyo-

lebuli mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebuli iyo iranis

Sahebis kaTolikobis mimarT gatarebuli politikiT.

isini iranSi xels uwyobdnen maT saqmianobas mxolod

im pirobiT, rom muslimanebi kaTolikobaze ar unda mo-

eqciaT, rostom mefem aseTi brZaneba saqarTvelos mus-

limanebzec gaavrcela. iranis Sahebis qveSevrdomi sxva

religiebis warmomadgenlebze patrebis zemoqmedebis Se-

zRudva ar vrceldeboda. aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT Sah-

abas I-is mier 1611 wels qarTveli elCebisaTvis saja-

rod micemuli darigeba-brZaneba, romelis Sesaxeb gva-

mcno patrma gregorio orsinma1. iranis SahebisaTvis ma-

rTlmadidebloba, zogadad, da marTlmadidebeli qveyne-

bis mfarvelis pretenziis mqone moskovis saxelmwifo

ganuzomlad saSiSi iyo, vidre iransa da saqarTvelos-

gan Sors arsebuli evropis kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi.

isini aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobaSi ver

Caereodnen da amgvar survils arc amJRavnebdnen. mosko-

vis ruseTi ki axlo iyo iranis vasal qarTul saxelmwi-

foebTan da iranTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis dros

gamodioda erTmorwmune qarTvelebis damcvelad, rac

Sahis karis SeSfoTebas iwvevda.

iranis imperiaSi kaTolikobisadmi aseTma midgomam

Sesabamisi gavlena moaxdina marTlmadideblebisa da

grigorianelebis mniSvnelovani nawilis aRmsarebloba-

ze.

1 luis xili fernandesi, i. tabaRua, dokumentebi saqarTve-

los istoriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi

(XV-XVII ss.), madridi, 1991.

137

is qarTveli marTlmadideblebi, romlebic qarT-

uli eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi ar iyvnen da iranSi an

sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze cxovrobdnen, imis gamo,

rom iq marTlmadidebluri eklesia-monastrebi ar funq-

cionirebda, qristianobis SesanarCuneblad iZulebulni

iyvnen somxur-grigorianuli an kaTolikuri eklesiebis

mrevli yofiliyvnen. amas TandaTanobiT piradad maTi

da maTi STamomavlebis `gasomxeba~ an `gafrangeba~ mos-

devda. iranis ekonimikaSi somxuri mosaxleoba serioz-

ul rols asrulebda da misi gavlena politikur cxov-

rebaSic mniSvnelovani iyo. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare

iranis Sahebi somxur grigorianul eklesias mfarvel-

obdnen. XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi iranSi arsebobda mrava-

li kaTolikuri eklesia, romlebic kaTolikobis pro-

pagandas eweodnen. rogorc iTqva, iranis xelisufleba

da Siituri samRvdeloeba krZalavda mahmadianebSi ka-

Tolikur propagandas. amitom misionerebma yuradReba

iranSi mcxovreb qarTvel qristianebze gadaitanes.

3. rogorc aRiniSna, vaxtang V Sahnavazma mTeli

Tavisi mefoba saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis brZo-

laSi gaatara. is xan imereTis xan ki kaxeTis SemoerTe-

bas lamobda da periodulad seriozul warmatebebsac

aRwevda1. qveynis SigniT mis amgvar saqmianobas irani da

osmaleTi Tvalyurs adevnebdnen da qarTlis samefos

sazRvrebis gafarToebas ewinaaRmdegebodnen. vaxtang me-

1 vaxtang V-is saSinao da sagareo politikaze ix. gvritiSvi-li d., saqarTvelos politikuri mdgomareoba XVII saukunis

60-iani wlebidan XVIII saukunis damlevamde // narkvevebi

saqarTvelos istoriidan, II, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 434-451; kaWara-

va d., vaxtang V-is sagareo politikis sakiTxisaTvis // qar-

Tuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politikis istoriidan,

I, Tbilisi, 1970, gv. 129-133.

138

fe, iranis Sahis vasali iyo, magram is ùyoymanod ro-

di asrulebda iranis xelmwifis brZanebebs~, _ rogorc

samarTlianad aRniSnavda frangi damkvirvebeli Jan Sar-

deni1.

gansxvavbuli iyo Sahnavazis mdgomareoba sagareo

urTierTobebSi. Jan Sardenis sityvebidan Cans, rom mefe

vaxtang V cdilobda sxva saxelmwifoebTan, romlebTa-

nac irans sasurveli urTierToba ar hqonda, mtkiced

daecva subordinacia da SahTan SeTanxmebis garSe ofi-

cialur doneze mainc morideboda maTTan kontaqtebs.

isic naTelia, rom mefes didi survili hqonda savaWro-

ekonomikuri kavSirebi daemyarebina evropis saxelmwi-

foebTan, kerZod, safrangeTTan, reC pospolitasTan. sa-

frangeTTan savaWro kontaqti oficialur doneze qarT-

lis mefisaTvis saxifaTo iyo Tundac imitom, rom es

saxelmwifo ekonimikur kavSirSi imyofeboda iranis sau-

kunovan mowinaaRmdege osmaleTis imperiasTan. marTa-

lia, rogorc aRiniSna, iranSi frangi vaWrebi sxva qvey-

nebis vaWrebis Tanabar mdgomareobaSi iyvnen Cayenebuli,

magram Sahis kari aucileblad gaiTvaliswinebda irani-

saTvis arasasurvel safrangeT-osmaleTis urTierTobas.

es garemoeba aferxebda iran-safrangeTis savaWro urTi-

erTobis Semdgom gafarToebas, Tumca orive mxridan iyo

amgvari mcdeloba diplomatiur doneze, rac vaxtang Sah-

navazis mefobas daemTxva.

safrangeTis momavalma finansTa ministrma Jan ba-

tist kolberma, 1664 wels, rodesac is jer kidev saxe-

1 Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb) / frangulidan Targmna,

gamokvleva da komentarebi daurTo mzia mgalobliSvilma,

Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 277.

139

lmwifo mSeneblobebisa da manufaqturebis siurinten-

danti iyo, iranSi Sah-abas II-sTan ori frangi agenti

gagzavna da lui XIV-is werili gaatana. safrangeTis

mefe Sahs Txovda iranis samflobeloebSi kaTolikebisa

da safrangeTis warmonadgenlebis mfarvelobas. Sahma

frang vaWrebs daudastura adre naboZebi uflebebi,

xolo ispaansa da bender-abasSi faqtoriebis daarsebis

ufleba misca, safrangeTis kompaniis saqoneli sabaJo

gadasaxadisagan gaaTavisufla im pirobiT, Tu is yo-

velwliurad Sahis xazinaSi 300 aTas livrs Seitanda1.

ase, rom iran-safrangeTis urTierToba jer kidev sabo-

lood garkveuli ar iyo, rac qarTlis mefes saf-

rangeTTan oficialuri kontaqtisagan TavSekavebas aiZu-

lebda. safrangeTs ki sakuTari miznebi hqonda saqarTve-

los mimarT.

kapucinTa misionis prefeqti patri serafino da me-

likoka, romelic 1650 wlidan TiTqmis 24 wlis ganmav-

lobaSi saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, werda, rom kapucin-

Ta ordenis saqarTveloSi damkvidrebiT frang vaWrebs

TavianTi saqmianoba gauadvildebodaT: `maT surT savaW-

ro gza gakvalon Savi zRviT samegrelomde, aqedan aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos gavliT iranamde~2.

rac Seexeboda reC pospolitasTan diplomatiur

kontaqtebs, aq mdgomareoba sruliad gansxvavebuli

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII

saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 235. 2 Archivio di Propaganda Fide, Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Giorgia 1626-

1707, vol. I, ff. 162-168. citirebulia: papaSvili m., gamezarda-

Svili z., erTi ucnobi wyaro saqarTveloSi safrangeTis

misionis daarsebis Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis 80-iani wlebi) //

eldar mamisTvaliSvili _ 75, Tbilisi, 2015, gv. 514.

140

iyo1. irani da reC pospolita TviTon miiswrafodenen

antiosmaluri samxedro kavSiris Sekvrisa da savaWro

urTierTobis gafarToebisaken.

***

qarTlis mefe cdilobda iranis evropasTan urTi-

erTobis ekoomikuri, politikuri da samxedro intere-

sebi Tavisi qveynis interesebisaTvis moergo, upirveles

yovlisa iranTan erTad evropasTan vaWrobaSi Cabmu-

liyo. safeiqro mrewvelobis ganviTarebuli evropis

qveynebisaTvis qarTuli saqonlidan gansakuTrebiT sain-

tereso saqarTvelos mTavari simdidre, rogorc ka-

Tolike misioneri melSior duS anJusi werda, iyo

abreSumi2. qarTuli abreSumi saerTaSoriso bazrebze

aRmosavleT amierkavkasiisa da iranis gziT xvdeboda.

rac mis gaZvirebas iwvevda.

XVI saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ingliselma vaWrebma,

kerZod, `moskovis kompaniis~3 warmomadgenlebma ganizra-

1 saqarTvelo-reC pospolitas urTierTobaze XVII s. pirvel

naxevarSi ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo

politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 612-633. 2 luis xili fernandesi, i. tabaRua, dokumentebi saqarTve-

los istoriisaTvis espaneTis arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi

(XV-XVII ss.), madridi, 1991, 376, #43. Костомаров Н. И. Очерк

Торговли Московскаго государства в XVI и XVII Столетиях. С.-

Петербург, 1862. 3 radgan espanelebsa da portugalielbs monopolizirebuli hqondaT aRmosavleTis sazRvao gzebi, ingliselma vaWrebma

ganizraxes skandinaviis SemovliT TeTr zRvaSi Sesuliyvnen

da ruseTis gavliT irans, CineTsa da indoeTs dakavSi-

rebodnen.

1551 wels sebastian kabotma, riCard Censlorma da ser

hiu uilobim daarses kompania, romelsac unda moeZebna

141

xes im gzebis Seswavla, romliTac saqarTveloSi Sesv-

la da qarTuli abreSumis pirveli xelidan SeZena SeiZ-

leboda.

aRniSnuli kompaniis agenti artur eduardsi, rome-

lmac 1565-1567 wlebSi iranis samflobeloebSi imogza-

ura, aRniSnavda abreSumis siuxveze gilianSi, SirvanSi,

araSsa da saqarTveloSi. eduardsis TqmiT, SemaxaSi er-

Ti iranuli baTmani1 nedli abreSumis SeZena SeiZ-

leboda 66-70 Saxad2. zogjer igive raodenobis nedli

abreSumis SeZena SeiZleboda 60 pensad. misi gadacvla

SeiZleboda, agreTve, evropul saqonelze, magaliTad, Crdilo-aRmosavleTis gza CineTisaken. warumatebeli sazR-

vao eqspediciis dros daiRupa uilobi, xolo Censlerma TeTr zRvamde da 1555 wels moskovamde miaRwia. is ivane IV

mrisxanem miiRo. am warmatebis Semdeg daarsda `moskovis ko-

mpania~, romelsac dedofalma maria tiudorma misca ruseT-Tan vaWrobis patenti.

1555 wels ivane IV-m kompanias misca SeRavaTiani sigeli,

romliTac mas ufleba eZleoda ruseTis saxelmwifos te-

ritoriaze evaWra baJis gareSe, sxvadasxva qalaqebSi hqo-

neboda qarvaslebi da sxv.

kompaniam moawyo ramdenime eqspedicia CineTisa da iranis

mimarTulebiT savaWro gzis gasaxsnelad, magram uSedegod.

miuxedavad amisa sxva arc erT ucxoels, Tundac inglis-

els, kompaniis arawevrs ar SeeZlo ruseTze gavliT emog-

zaura CineTSi, iranSi, buxarasa da indoeTSi. kompaniis pri-vilegiebi periodulad izrdeboda da mcirdeboda. 1698

wels petre I-ma kompanias privilegiebi gauuqma. kompaniam

ruseTSi saqmianoba Sewyvita 1808 wels. Костомаров Н. И., Очерк

Торговли Московскаго государства в XVI и XVII Столетиях, С-

Петербург, 1862. 1 baTmani (marcvleulis, fqvilis sawyao, daaxloebiT naxevar

fuTamde) _ 61/2 funti. 2 Saxi _ 6 inglisuri pensi.

142

karazeize _ Salis uxeS qsovilze: 60 Tofi karazei 70

baTman iranul abreSumze da 40 Tof qarTul abre-

Sumze1.

saqarTvelos abreSumis Sesaxeb wers imave kom-

paniis sxva agenti jefri deketi, romelmac iranSi imog-

zaura 1568-1572 wlebSi: àraSidan (areSi _ e.m.) sami

dRis savalze mdebareobs qveyana, saxelad saqarTvelo,

romlis mcxovrebni qristianebi arian... iqac bevri abre-

Sumi iyideba~2.

qarTuli abreSumis iranisa da kavkasiis abreSumiT

vaWrobis centrSi _ alepoSi, e.i. osmaleTis saxelmwi-

foSi gatanaSi mTavar rols TamaSobdnen julfeli

somexi vaWrebi. rogorc aRiniSna, sxvadasxva xelSi

gadasuli saqonlis Rirebuleba izrdeboda, rac evro-

peli vaWrebisaTvis araxelsayreli iyo. isini dainte-

resebuli iyvnen uSualod dakavSirebodnen abreSumis

mwarmoebel qveynebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos.

zemoxsenebuli artur eduardsis mier 1566 wlis 26

aprils Semaxidan gagzavnil moxsenebaSi naTqvamia, rom

gazafxulze am qalaqSi nedli abrereSumis SeZena SeiZ-

leba mxolod mcire raodenobiT. `misi Sovna SeiZleba

saqarTveloSi, magram mis Sesasyidad xalxis gagzavna

ver SevZeliT, _ wers eduardsi, _ radgan Tavidanve

davkargeT dro. roca Cven gveyoleba warmomadgenlebi,

romlebic SeZleben mTeli gazafxulis ganmavlobaSi aq

darCenas, maSin SesaZlebloba gveqneba SevisyidoT pir-

1 Английские путешественники в Московском государстве. Перевод с

английского Ю. В. Готье, Ленинград, 1937, с. 223-224, 226, 229. 2 Английские путешественники в Московском государстве, с. 255.

143

veli xelidan, uSualod soflelebisgan, romlebsac mo-

aqvT gasayidi aqac da sxva adgilebSic~1.

`moskovis kompaniis~ warmomadgeneli iyo entoni

jenkinsoni, romelmac mcdeloba ar daaklo kompaniis

saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebas da abreSumis gatanis mog-

varebas, magram XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi es ver

SeZlo2, ara mxolod man, aramed, saerTod, kompaniamac

ruseTSi Tavisi savaWro saqmianobis mTel manZilze.

dasavleTis qveynebTan iranis savaWro urTierTo-

bis ganmtkicebis sakiTxi Sah-abas I-ma gaaqtiura osmale-

Tis winaaRmdeg SeiaraRebuli ZaliT brZolis parale-

lurad. iran-dasavleTevropis savaWro urTierTobidan

osmaleTis gamoTiSva Sah-abasma Tavisi sagareo politi-

kis qvakuTxedad gadaaqcia3.

dasvleT evropel sxva vaWrebTan erTad iranSi

frangi vaWrebic mniSvnelovani privilegiebiT sargeb-

lobdnen da 1629 wlisaTvis am qveyanaSi ori aTasamde

frangi vaWari imyofeboda. evropaSi maT umeteswilad

nedli abreSumi gahqondaT. sainteresoa, rom am period-

Si iranis samflobeloebSi grovdeboda 2,5 milionidan

4,3 milionamde funti abreSumi. adam oliariusis mi-

xedviT, gilianidan iranSi Sedioda 8 aTasi sapalne,

Sirvanidan _ 3 aTasi, xorasanidan _ 3 aTasi, mazande –

ranidan _ 2 aTasi. oleariusi raodenobas ar asaxelebs,

magram aRniSnavs aseve abreSumiT mdidari saqarTvelos,

saidanc iranSi es saqoneli nedleulis saxiT Sedioda.

1 Hacluyt R., Voiages. In eigth volumes, v, II // Introduction by John Masefeld,

New York, 1962, p. 38. 2 ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, I, gv. 178-182. 3 ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, II, gv. 33-37.

144

am saqonlidan adgilobrivi moTxovnilebis dasakmayo-

fileblad rCeboda mxolod 1000 sapalne1.

1 Подробнее описание путешествия голштинского посольства в

Московию и Персию составленое секретарем посольства Адамом Оларием // Чтения в Обществе Истории и Древностей Российских

при Московском Университете, №1, Москва, 1869, с. 791, 890-891. oleariusi ispaanSi movaWreTa Soris (iranelebis garda, in-

doelebi, TaTrebi _ xvarazmidan, CineTidan da buxaridan,

Turqebi, ebraelebi, somxebi, qarTvelebi, evropelebi _ in-

gliselebi, holandielebi, frangebi, italielebi, espan-

elebi) romlebic vaWrobdnen biTumad da calobiT (с. 728). hasenabaTSi yofila saqarTvelodan wayvanili qristiani

qarTvelebis dasaxleba, romlis mosaxleni cnobili vaWrebi

iyvnen. isini TavianT saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva

mxareSi daiarebodnen (с. 731-732). qarTvelebis komerciul ga-

qanebaze metyvelebs oliariusis mier moTxrobili erTi am-

bavi: rogorc misTvis uambiaT Sah-abasis dros erT qarTvel

vaWars veneciidan ispaansi Cauyvania ramdenime indauri. mas

TiToeul indaurSi uxdidnen im droisaTvis sakmaod did

Tanxas _ erT Tumans, rac udrida 16 reixstalers (с. 784). nikolas vitsenic yuradRebas amaxvilebs qarTvel vaW-

rebsa da maTi abreSumiT vaWrobaze: `qarTvelebs uyvarT mog-

zauroba da isini arian didi vaWrebi~, `TbilisSi... mravlad

vaWroben abreSumiT~. nikolas vitseni, CrdiloeTi da

aRmosavleTi tartareTi, gv. 158. imave avtoris gadmocemiT, ìspaanis, iranis dedaqalaqis, gareubanSi cxovrobs mravali

qarTveli qristiani... isini msxvili vaWrebi arian~. nikolas

vitseni, CrdiloeTi da aRmosavleTi tartareTi. saqar-Tvelo anu iberia da samegrelo, gv. 218. konstantinopoli-

dan miRebuli cnobis mixedviT, romelic Teimuraz I-is

qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis periods asaxavs, `Teimurazs Seu-

Zlia weliwadSi hqondes Semosavali 1000 FfuTi abreSumis

raodenobis~. nikolas vitseni, CrdiloeTi da aRmosavleTi

tartareTi. saqarTvelo anu iberia da samegrelo, gv. 195.

145

frangebs awuxebdaT is garemoeba, rom Sahis mier

gatarebuli politikis gamo moxda savaWro saqaravno

gzebis gadaadgileba, ramac Seasusta mniSvneloba xmel-

TaSua zRvisa, sadac isini Tavs ufro Tavisuflad da

Zlierad grZnobdnen. osmaleTis samflobeloebze gama-

vali alepos gzis afrikis garSemovliT gadanacvlebiT

frangi vaWrebi, agreTve, upirispirdebodnen inglisel

da holandiel vaWrebs1. maSasadame maTTvis mniSvnelo-

vani iyo axali gzis aTviseba, romliTac SedarebiT mci-

re xanSi da daubrkoleblad SeZlebdnen xmalTaSua zRvis

mTavar saporto da safeiqro qalaqTan _ marselTan

dakavSirebas.

4. Tbilelma episkoposma Sahnavazis dasavleT saq-

arTveloSi yofnis dros kapucinebi kargad miiRo, rac

mefis kaTolike misionerebisadmi pragmatul ganwyo-

bilebas Seesabamiseboda. mas pirad eqimebad, TiTqmis

yovelTvis kaTolikebi hyavda. warmoSobiT qioseli

berZeni eqimi andria epifane, kapucinebis TbilisSi mos-

vlis dros mefes imereTSi axlda. mogvianebiT mas isev

hyavda kaTolike eqimi adami, warmoSobiT poloneli,

romelzec qvemoT kidev vityvi.

vaxtang mefem misionerebs Tbilisis centrSi ori

saxli uyida da saCuqrad gadasca: erTi saxli _ sacx-

ovreblad, meore ki _ wirva-locvisaTvis. kapucinebis

misionis ufrosi gaxda patri serafino melikokeli. mas

Semdeg, rac misionerebi TbilisSi moewynen, serafinom

romis propagandas werilobiT acnoba misionis Camoya-

libebis, qarTlis mefis, dedoflisa da sxva didebule-

bisagan kargad mopyrobis da, saerTod, mosaxleobis

mxriv didi yuradRebis Sesaxeb. serafino optimisturad

1 vrclad: Жордания Г., Очерки из истории Франко-Русских отноше-

ний, ч. II, Тбилиси, 1959, с. 83-96.

146

afasebda misionis Semdgom saqmianobas qarTlis samefo-

Si da Tavis erT-erT werils amTavrebs Semdegi sityve-

biT: `rodesac kargad SeviswavliT qarTuls enas da qadagebas SeviZlebT, imedi maqvs, metad didi nayofi gamoiRos Cvenma Sromam, radgan kai gulis xalxia; kai magaliTiT da moZRvrebiT advilaT miiReben kaTolike sarwmunoebas~1.

imave periodSi (1663 w. 7 ivlisi) Sahnavazis eqimis

andria epifanes mier romSi gagzavnili werilidan vi-

gebT, rom mefis kapucinebisadmi gulTbili damokidebu-

leba mxolod andria epifanes damsaxureba yofila.

epifanes werilidan imasac vigebT, rom mefes kapuci-

nebisaTvis sacxovrebeli saxli da miwa uCuqebia da

patara eklesia ki, TavianTi xarjiT auSenebiaT. epifane

kapucinebs qarTul metyvelebas da weras aswavlida da

amiT Sors mimavali miznebis ganxorcieleba undoda.

`patrebi imdenad ra Seiswavlian qarTul enas, rom qa-rTvel mRvdel-monazvnebTan Svid saidumloebaTa Sesa-xeb saubars SeiZleben, mokle wigns Sevudgen am saidum-loTa Sesaxeb. am wignSi gansakuTrebiT aRvniSnav yovel SecTomas, romelsac sCadian qarTvelebi am saidumloTa aRsrulebis dros, Secdomebs vusworeb da Tanac vas-wavli, rogor unda Seasrulon sisworiT... ukeTu Tqvens umaRlesobas sasiamovnod daurCeba, [wigns] gamovgzavni, raTa daabeWdinoT~2.

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 223-224.

2 iqve, gv. 225. serafino melikokeli romSi gagzavnil erT-

erT werilSi (1664 w. 20 maisi), iseve rogorc sxva weri-

lebSi, kapucinebis meTaurs Txovs qarTlis mefis, samefo

karis didebulebisa da ierarqebisaTvis saCuqrebi gamog-

zavnos. magram gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom serafino

147

serafino melikokam 1664 w. 5 oqtombers romSi gag-

zavna ori werili, erTSi mocemuli iyo angariSi Tavisi

misionis muSaobis Sesaxeb, meore ki mefe vaxtangis epis-

tole pap aleqsandre VII-sTan. epistoles Sinaarsi ar

viciT, magram mefes, rom raRac saTxovari hqonda

papTan, Cans serafinos werilidan. qarTulad naweri epi-

stole laTinurad uTargmnia epifanes. serafino Sah-

navazs dadebiTad axasiaTebs da aRniSnavs, rom ès qarTveli mefe Tumca gamahmadianebuli qarTvelia, mainc Tavis qveyanaSi didis siyvaruliT migviRo, mogvca ori saxli, erTi saeklesiod da erTi CvenTvis binad, kais TvaliT gviyurebs, xSirad Tavis saxlSi gviwvevs da qarTvel berebzed ukeTesad mivaCnivarT. Cvenis une-taresis papi aleqsandresi (VII) didi pativiscema aqvs. Cven yvelaferi vuambeT misi. kidec moswera wigni, romelsac Tqveni umaRlesoba naxavs am werilTan erT-ad. sxva ramec dagvabara da yvelafers patri karlo mogaxsenebsT. gevedrebiT ausrulo misi saTxovari, rad-gan mTels Cvens misions dids sargebels moutans. am mefes saqarTvelos udidesi mTavrebic emorCilebian. mi-si didi pativiscema aqvsT da eSiniaT kidevac misi, Tu misi simdidrisa da Tu misi Zlierebis gamo~1.

patr karlos serafine melikokelis davalebiT

propaganda fideSi dauyenebia sakiTxi 15-20 wlis ori

qarTveli axalgazrdis romis urbanos kolegiaSi sas-

wavleblad gagzavnis Sesaxeb, razec Tanxmoba miuRia2.

iTxovs misioner-inJiner-meqanikosis gamogzavnas, romelic

moawyobda iseT wisqvilebs, rogoric romSi iyo. iqve, gv.

226-227. 1 iqve, gv. 227-228. 2 gvaqvs ramdenime cnoba axalgazrdebis saqarTvelodan rom-

Si saswavleblad gagzavnis Sesaxeb. ix. qvemoT.

148

karlos oTxi axali misioneri gamoayoles da gamois-

tumres. mas SahnavazTan werilic gamoatanes, romelSic

propaganda mas did madlobas uxdida misionerebis

mimarT gulisxmieri damokidebulebisaTvis1.

5. sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom kapucinebi roms

ganuwyvetliv Txovdnen Semweobas, magram dapirebis mets

verafers iRebdnen. 1666 w. 20 dekembers romSi gagzavnil

werilSi naTqvami iyo erTi, gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-

lobis garemoebis Sesaxeb, romliTac Tbiliseli kapuc-

inebi cdilobdnen mieRwiaT TavianTi saqmianobisadmi

kardinalebis yuradRebas, raTa romidan aucilebeli

Tanxebi gamoegzavnaT. `didis gulmodginebiT vevedre-biT Tqvens umaRlesobas, mogvceT raime Semweoba am sab-ralo misionisaTvis, romelic aRmosavleTis misionebSi yvelaze ufro nayofieria... patri gabriels da yvela patrebs am dros molaparakeba aqvsT saqarTvelos ek-klesiis laTinis ekklesiasTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb. ime-dia, cota xanSi didi saregbeli movitanoT. amitom nu inebebT, amdenma Sromam fuWad Cagviaros. iese qristes wylulebis pativisaTvis gevedrebi, SeewioT am misions, radgan Tu ar Tqvenis SemweobiT, SeuZlebelia aq cxo-vreba...~ qarTuli eklesiis romis eklesiasTan Seer-

Tebis Sesaxeb rom molaparakeba mimdinareobda, patr

karlos miuweria kapucinebis meTaurisTvisac2. magram

verc werilebma da verc piradma Txovnam sasurveli

Sedegi ver gamoiRo. rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis

romTan SeerTebis Sesaxeb molaparakebas, rogorc Sem-

degSi gamoCndeba, patrebis mier iyo mogonili romis

kardinalebis misionisaTvis dasaxmarenlad gaaqtiurebi-

saTvis. romSi gagzavnili maSindeli werilebidan isic

1 iqve, gv. 230-232. 2 iqve, gv. 233

149

Cans, rom misionerebi zogierT warmatebasTan erTad

rogor diskomforts ganicdidnen adgilobrivi marTl-

madidebeli mosaxleobisaTvis miuRebeli aRmsareblo-

bis propagandis gamo Tbilissa da gorSi1.

6. patrebs, rom pragmatuli mosazrebiT iTmendnen

saqarTvelos sxva adgilebSic, kargad Cans imereTis me-

fe bagratis werilidan: `q. mefe bagrat vikadreb mes-tumrovo (sic). Cven magierad frangsa patri serafions da mis amxanagebs mravalni mokiTxva mogaxseneT. awe Tu Cveni Tavi undaT oriode kargi mecnieri da kai aqimi patri maTis kai saeqimo wamlebiT da wignebiTa moviden da RvTiT vecdebiT, rom alagic gauCinoT da sarCos saqmec gaurigoT da rogoric wignic undodeT imisTana wignic romis paps miuweroT. sikeTis meti am qveyanas magaT ara uSams ra esemca ar giqniaT rome ar wamoxvi-deT~. aseTive Sinaarsisaa raWis erisTavis SoSitas we-rili gagzavnili imave serafinosadmi2. iseTi STabeWdi-

leba iqmneba, rom orive werili _ mefisa da erisTavisa,

maTi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, erTi da igive piris

dawerili unda iyos. mefec da erisTavic kapucinebs ga-

samrjelosTan erTad hpirdebian papTan iseTi werili

gaugzavnon, ra Tqma unda, maTi saqebari, rogorsac isi-

ni isurvebdnen. mefe an erisTavi pirvel rigSi papsa da

mis kurias, misionerebis uSualo xelmZrvanelebs romSi

acnobebdnen maTi warmomadgenlebis keTilsindisierebis

da im ekonomikuri SeWirvebis Sesaxeb, rasac isini gani-

cdidnen romidan uyuradRebobis gamo. iqve aucileblad

iqneboda Txovna maTdami visac exeboda, rom saswrafo da

1 iqve, gv. 2343-236; mamisTvaliSvili e., goris istoria, I (1801

wlamde), Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 304-336. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 244.

150

qmediTi daxmareba aRmoeCinaT misionerebisaTvis. amgvari

paTosiTaa dawerili Sahnavazis 1675 wlis ivlisis weri-

li, romlis erT, Cemi azriT, gansakuTrebiT saintereso

fragments qvemoT gavecnobiT.

dagvianebuli SemweobiT Sewuxebulma kapucinebma

patri rafaeli gagzavnes romSi da werilebi gaatanes.

maT Soris iyo Sahnavazis ori werili, erTi papis,

meore ki kapucinebis generlisaTvis.

mefe pap klemente X-s swerda, rogor miiRo Tavis

samefoSi kapucinebi, rogor Seuwyo xeli, maSin rode-

sac maT romidan araviTar yuradRrebas ar aqceven. àm-deni xania aq arian arc jamagiri mouvidaT, aRarc Tqve-ni wyaloba. es ar viciT, Tu gamougzavneT rame da ar mouvida. Tu ar moigoneT da ar gamougzavneT, es ver SevityeT sadac sxuagan, an ispaans da Tavrezs, sadac gareSemoSi Tqvenis saxeliT dadgenili patrebi arian, yvelas wewliwadSi jamagiri mouva. amaT xuTi weliwa-dia ara mosvlia ra, Tu Cuens queyanas yofisaTvis aras ugzavniT da aras naRvlobT, Cuenc ar davayenebT, saydars isev davuqcevT da amaT gamovyriT, Tu maTi aq dgoma gindaT, jamagiri marTali gaurigeT rogorc sxua alagis dgoms patrebs aqus1 da es patri rafaeli isev gamogzavneT. aman Cuenis queynis ena icis da yovels kacs icnobs da yvelani ewyobian da yuelas siyvaruli aqus amisi da Tquenis saxelisaTvis didaT sjobs amis aq yofa~. aseTive Sinaarsisaa da aseTive

1 rogorc m. TamaraSvili werda, propagandam saqarTveloSi

imitom gamogzavna kapucineli berebi, rom isini gamoirCeo-

dnen TavianTi Rataki cxovrebiT, magram maT ver gaamarTles

kongregaciis imedi. iqve gv. 618.

151

toniTaa dawerili Sahnavazis werili kapucinebis gen-

eral patr bonvenTura lekartisadmi1. 7. rogorc aRiniSna, saintereso cnobebi dagvitova

Sahnavazis mefobis droindel saqarTvelosa da TviT

mefeze XVII saukunis frangma mogzaurma Jan Sardenma.

igi piradad Sexvda mefes 1673 wlis 16 Tebervals. gamo-

Txovebisas mefem stumars hkiTxa: rogor brZandeba Cemi

naTesavi espaneTis mefe. frangi friad gaakvirva qarTve-

li mefis mier espaneTis mefis mokiTxvam da ifiqra, rom

mefem Tavi moiwona stumris winaSe an SeiZleba kapuci-

nebis `prefeqtis pativsacemad, romelic misi kaTolike ubrwyinvalesobis (espaneTis mefis _ e.m.) qveSevrdomi iyo~.

vaxtang V-is mier dasmulma kiTxvam imdenad didi

STabeWdileba moaxdina Sardenze, rom rogorc is aR-

niSnavda, didi xnis fiqris Semdeg gaixsena, rom ro-

gorc mravali avtori fiqrobda, espanelebi warmoSobiT

kavkasieli iberielebi iyvnen. kapucinebs SardenisaTvis

damatebiT uTqvamT, pap klimenti VIII-m TeimurazisaTvis

(Teimuraz I) gagzavnil werilebSi qarTveli mefe espa-

neTis mefe filipe II-is naTesavad, xolo iberielebi da

espanelebi Zmebad moixseniao. àmis gamo Teimurazi, xo-lo mis Semdeg misi memkvidreebi daJinebiT iCemeben am mogonil naTesaobaso~2. frangi mogzaurisaTvis kapuci-

nebis naTqvami simarTles ar Seefereboda. qarTvelebisa

da espanelebis naTesaoba rom qarTvelebis aCemeba ar

iyo da, antikuri avtorebidan moyolebuli, sayovelTa-

od aRiarebdnen da qarTvelebic igives imeorebdnen, ama-

ze saubars aRar gavagrZeleb, mxolod mokled unda ga-

1 iqve, gv. 246-247. 2 Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), gv. 349-350

152

vixsenoT is rac icodnen saqarTveloSi espaneTis Se-

saxeb. amis Tqmis SesaZleblobas XV saukunemde cno-

bebis simcire ar iZleva. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTul-

ma hagiografiulma mwerlobam erTaderTi cnoba Semo-

gvinaxa giorgi mTawmindelis iovane mTawmindelis `cxo-

vrebaSi~. masSi vkiTxulobT: `Semdgomad Tornikis [eris-

Tavis] micvalebisa ganizraxa netarman maman Cuenman

iovane, raჲTa aRiRos Ze Tჳsi da ravdennime mowafeni da

ivltodis spaniad _ rameTu pirveliTganve uZnda SuR-lianoba da SfoTi, garna Tavs edva mun Jamamde Torni-

kis aSenebisaTჳs da raჲTa SeiZinos suli misi, _ rame-

Tu asmioda, viTarmed qarTvelni aramciredni naTesavni

da erni mkჳdrn arian mun, da amis pirisaTჳs warvida

avidosamde...~1. es erTaderTi gadmocemac ki mravlis

mTqmelia imisa, Tu rogori warmodgena arsebobde pire-

neis naxevarkunZulis mosaxleobaze adre Sua sauku-

neebis qarTvel moRvaweTa cnobierebaSi.

espaneTSi da, zogadad, dasavleT evropaSi gansaku-

TrebiT unda gacxovelebuliyo interesi saqarTvelos,

rogorc qristianuli qveynis mimarT da saqarTveloSi

ki evropis mimarT, osmalebis mier bizantiis imperiis

mospobis Semdeg.

Jan Sardenis mier datovili ramdenime winadadeba

aris kidev erTi miniSneba, rom saqarTveloSi axsovdaT

ara mxolod herodotes is gadmocema pireneis da kavka-

1 cxorebaÁ netarisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi da efTჳmesi da

uwyebaჲ Rirsisa mis moqalaqobisa maTisaჲ. aRwerili glaxa-

kisa georgis mier xucesmonazonisa. Zveli qarTuli agio-

grafiuli literaturis Zeglebi, w. II (XI-XV ss.), Tbilisi,

1967, gv. 54; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo poli-

tika da diplomatia, IV (saqarTvelo da jvarosnebi), Tbi-

lisi, 2014, gv. 58-60.

153

siis iberebis naTesaobis Sesaxeb, aramed saqmis kursSi

iyvnen im diplomatiuri urTierTobebisa, rac saqrTve-

losa da espaneTs Soris arsebobda saukuneebis manZil-

ze. samwuxarod, moRweulia mxolod am urTierTobis

amsaxveli fragmentuli cnobebi. SeiZleba gavixsenoT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis ori istoriuli faqti:

espaneTis da qarTlis samefos politikosebis mier

erTmaneTis saxelmwifoebze informaciis qonaze miuTi-

Tebs espaneTis elCis martin dias de auqsSis mosvla

qarTlSi konstantine II-is (1478-1505) dros da qarTlis

mefis mier sapasuxo elCobis gagzavna madridSi Zma ni-

los da Zma zaqarias meTaurobiT1.

XVII saukunis saqarvelos sagaro urTierTobis

mniSvnelovan movlenad unda CaiTvalos nikifore irba-

xis (nikoloz ColoyaSvili) diplomatiuri misiiT mog-

zauroba centralur da dasavleT evropaSi, kerZod ki,

espaneTSi 1626-1629 wlebSi2. am bolo momentis Sesaxeb

mainc SeiZleboda vaxtang V Sahnavazs hqoneboda sak-

mao cnobebi Teimuraz I-isgan da, SeiZleba, uSualod

nikifore irbaxisgan.

ra Tqma unda, arasworia kapucinebis da Jan Sarde-

nis mier papi klimenti VIII-is da Teimuraz I-is erTmane-

TTan dakavSireba. isini sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobdnen.

Teimurazma scada kavSiris damyareba espaneTis mefe fi-

lipe IV-sTan da ara mefe filipe II-sTan. magram amjerad

1 vrclad ix. mamisTvalisvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo poli-tika da diplomatia, II, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 149-163. imave wignSi

ix. specialuri narkvevi _ espanuri masalebi XVI saukunis

saqarTvelos diplomatiuri urTierTobis istoriis zogier-

Ti epizodis Sesaxeb. 2 mamisTvalisvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da dip-


154

mTavari is ki ar aris ramdenad zustad gadmogvca Jan

Sardenma Teimuraz II-is espaneTTan dakavSirebis mcde-

loba, aramed is, rom saqarTveloSi gamogzavnili ka-

pucinebi romSi aRWurves am da, albaT, sxva politiku-

ri mniSvnelobis informaciiT da dokumentebiTac ki.

kapucinebma Jan Sardens aCvenes erTi sigelis as-

li, romelic 1671 wels Sahnavazs reC pospolitas mefi-

saTvis miuweria. radgan misionerebs xelT hqondaT mef-

is sigelis asli, unda vifiqroT, rom misionerebma si-

geli Targmnes polonurad an romelime evropul enaze

da igi misioneris xeliTve gaugzavnes reC pospolitas

mefes. yvelaze metad savaraudoa, rom sigeli polonu-

rad Targmna polonelma eqimma adamma, romelic 1671

wlis ianvarSi ukve SahnavazTan imyofeboda TbilisSi.

man rogorc bogdan gurjickisTan1 daaxloebulma pirma,

SeiZleba saqarTveloSi mosvlamdec icoda qarTuli.

sigelis frangulad Targmani Sardenma moaTavsa Tavis

`mogzaurobaSi~. Semoklebuli saxiT moviyvan Sahnavazis

sigels. Sahnavazi wers:

`...Tqven mogmarTavT reC pospolitas ubadlo dido mefeo, sibrZnesa da yovelgvar mecnierebaSi Rrmad gans-wavlulo da gandidebulo piruTvneli xotbiT, romli-Tac Tqven gamkoben... usazRvro madlobas vwiravT ufals, cisa da miwis Semoqmeds, rom SevityeT Tqveni janm-rTelad yofnis ambavi im werilebis saSualebiT, rom-lebic udiadesi da ubrwyinvalesi senioris, lesrnos grafis, Tqveni samefos didi kancleris, didi reC pospolitas general-leitenantis ioan lezunskis saxe-liT mogvivida... Tqveni keTili msaxuri gurjibeg danbe-ki, Tqveni samefos oficeri, erTgulebiTa da keTilSo-bilebiT cnobili didebuli, movida aq, viTarca mociqu-

1 bogdan gurjickis Sesaxeb vrclad qvemoT.

155

li Tqveni samefo udidebulesobisa, raTa ganeaxlebina mSvidoba da ganemtkicebina megobroba da keTili urTi-erToba, romelic gaqvT svebednier xelmwife sulTan suleimanTan1... Tqvenma zemoxsenebulma mociqulma ise gaiara Cveni miwa, rom araviTari dabrkoleba ar Sexved-ria da arc araviTari usiamovneba ar ganucdia. axla igi, uflis SewevniT, Tqvens samefo udidebulesobasTan brundeba. umorCilesad vTxov Tqvens udidebulesobas am urTierTkeTilganwyobisa da megobrobis sawindriT, romelic Cven Soris sufevs, rom es keTili qveSevrdomi da Cemi msaxuri, iyos iseve sasurveli stumari Tqveni udidebulesobisa, rogorc is iyo mis winamorbedTan. Tbilisis samefo 26 marti, 1671 w. iseo macxovris mov-linebidan~2.

qarTl-kaxeTis mefis sigeli Seicavs mniSvnelovan

informacias saqarTvelo-reC pospolitass sakmaod inte-

nsiur diplomatiuri urTierTobis Sesaxeb. vidre am

sakiTxze saubars gavagrZelebde, manamde mokled unda

iTqvas iran-reC pospolitas urTierTobaze da unda

gvaxsovdes, rom mefe Sahnavazi iranis Sahis vasali iyo.

7. iran-reC pospolitas intensiuri urTierToba

iwyeba XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze, Sah-abas I-is dros.

Sahi iran-osamaleTis meore omis msvlelobis dros

darwmunda, rom osmaleTis dajabnas eropeli mokavSi-

reebis gareSe ver SeZlebda. aseve fiqrobdnen evropis

im saxelmwifoTa mesveurebic, romlebic osmaleTisagan

Seviwroebulni iyvnen da mudmiv muqaras ganicdidnen.

isini irans osmaleTis imperiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

1 iranis Sahi suleiman I (1666-1694) 2 Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), gv. 351-352. xazgasma Cemia.

156

potenciur mokavSired miiCnevdnen. am saxelmwifoTa rigs

ganekuTvneboda reC pospolita.

Sah-abasma antiosmaluri samxedro kavSiris Sekvris

mizniT, 1599 wels evropis saxelmwifoebSi gagzavna di-

di elCoba, elCebi unda Casuliyvnen reC pospolitaSi,

avstriaSi, inglisSi, veneciaSi, romsa da espaneTSi.

moskovSi misuli elCebi mefe boris godunovma, imis

gamo, rom ruseTsa da reC pospolitas Soris gamwvave-

buli urTierToba iyo, elCoba sami Tve gaaCera da mxo-

lod mas Semdeg misca gzis gagrZelebis ufleba, roca

maT piroba dades, rom reC pospolitas teritoriaze

gavlisas mefesTan molaparakeba ar eqnebodaT. elCebma

piroba Seasrules da krakovidan ise gaemgzavrnen rom

Jigmunt III vazas ar eaxlnen, ramac misi samarTliani

guliswyroma gamoiwvia. reC pospolitas mefisaTvis yve-

laferi naTeli Seiqmna maSin, rodesac iranidan da-

brunda Sefer muratoviCi, romelmac is mizezic gaar-

kvia Tu ratom ar moinaxules Sah-abasis elCebma reC

pospolitas mefe da isic moaxsena, rogor iyo dainter-

esebuli iranis Sahi mis saxelmwifosTan kavSiris

damyarebiT da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZo-

liT. amis Semdeg (1601 w.) Jigmunt III-m igive Sefer mura-

toviCi iranSi gagzavna da SahTan werili gaatana. reC

pospolitas mefe Sahs megobrobas da osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg kavSirs sTavazobda1.

Sah-abasi reC pospolitas mefes dasavleT saqar-

Tvelos samTavroebis antiosmalur koaliciaSi Cabmas

hpirdeboda. rac Seexeboda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

mefeebs, Sah-abas I-s, rogorc Cans, isini Tavisi survi-

lis upirobo Semsruleblebad eguleboda.

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da dip-


157

Teimuraz I-is mier reC pospolitasTan dakavSireba

romis interesebSic Sedioda. amitom iyo, rom pietro

dela vales Cafiqrebuli hqonda qarTveli mefe wae-

qezebina savaWro urTierToba daemyarebina reC pospo-

litasTan, rac xels Seuwyobda ukanasknelis iranTan

kavSiris ganmtkicebas. SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT sa-

qarTvelo-reC pospolitas kavSiris ganmtkicebaSi gar-

kveuli wvlili unda SeetanaT kaTolike misionerebs.

reC pospolitas mefesTan megobrobdnen da miwer-mowe-

rac hqondaT dadiansa da guriels1.

rogorc Sardenis zemoTcitirebuli werilidan

Cans, reC pospolitas mefes qarTl-kaxeTis mefesTan

sigelebi gaugzavnia, romelTa Sinaarsi cnobili ar

aris. werili, rogorc Cans, vaxtang V-s bogdan gurji-

ckis TxovniT dauweria, radgan masSi mxolod elCis

pirovnebaze, mis erTgulebasa da keTilSobilebaze, mi-

si saqarTveloSi uproblemod mogzaurobazea aRniSnu-

li. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs sigelis bo-

lo nawili, saidanac Cans, rom reC pospolitasken mi-

maval bogdan gurjickis Sahnavazma gaayola Tavisi is

msaxuri, romelic adrec yofila Sahnavazis davalebiT

reC pospolitas mefesTan da mas gaatana is sigeli,

romlis asli kapucinebma Jan Sardens gadasces. sigeli-

dan vigebT, rom Sahnavazsa da reC pospolitas mefes

Soris imdenad kargi urTierToba arsebobs, rom is Tavs

uflebas aZlevda, reC pospolitas mefisaTvis eTxova:

bogdan gurjicki, es Tqveni keTili qveSevrdomi da Cemi

msaxuri, iyos iseve sasurveli stumari Tqveni udidebu-

lesobisa, rogorc is iyo mis winamorbedTan.

1 iqve, gv. 614-617, 620, 622-626, 640-642, 645, 655

158

1671 wels Sahnavazs estumra reC pospolitas mefis

`keTili msaxuri gurjibeg danibeki~1.

8. bogdan gurjicki iyo sxvadasxva saxeliT cnobi-

li (buxtam begi, burbi bugdan-begi, bogdan irani,

bogdan gurji, samefo jarebis rotmistri), reC pospo-

litas samxedro samsaxurSi myofi, SemdegSi diplomati,

warmoSobiT qarTveli. Tavdapirvelad is saqarTvelos

mefis samsaxurSi iyo, xolo me-17 saukunis meore na-

xevris dasawyisidan ukve reC pospolitSi imyofeboda,

sadac 1662 wels miiRo samefo jaris rotmistris wo-

deba. rogorc Cans, am wlebis samxedro kampaniebis

dros man gamoiCina samagaliTo vaJkacoba, radgan 1666

wlis seimze samxedro damsaxurebis jildod misTvis

aznaurobis miniWebas moiTxovdnen2.

rostom mefis dros, XVII s. 40-50-iani wlebis mij-

naze, bogdan gurjicki saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, xolo

50-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi reC pospolitSia da

monawileobs omebSi, rogoc samefo jarebis ucxoelTa

1 dokumentebi Tbilisis istoriisaTvis (XVI-XIX ss.), I,

Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 93; gabaSvili v., ioseb qarTvelis vinao-

bisa da moRvaweobis sakiTxisaTvis, Tsu Sromebi, 116, Tbili-si, 1965; cincaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitasa da saqarT-

velos urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (XV-XVII saukuneebi),

Tbilisi, 1966, gv. 3-4, 41-49, 64-65; 84-85, gv. 95, 100-101; tivaZe T., saqarTvelos da ruseT-iranis politikuri urTierToba

XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi, Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 127-128, 134,

167, 329-337; zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur as-

parezze, Tbilisi, 1983; Бантыш_Каменский Н. Н., Обзор внешных

сношений России (по 1800 г.), Москва, 1897, с. 166; Армяно-русские

отношения в XVII веке. Сборник документов под ред В. А. Пар-

самяна, Ереван, 1953. 2 Reychman 1960: Reychman Jan, Bohdan Gurdziccki. Polski Slovnik bio-

graficzni, t. 9, Warszava, 1960, p. 40-41

159

nawilebis erT-erTi meTauri. 1662 wli dokumentebSi igi

moixsenieba rotmistris wodebiT. is cnobili iyo

rogorc mamaci meomari. amave dros bogdan gurjicki,

rogorc Cans, reC pospolitas samefo karze iTvleboda

aRmosavleTis, kerZod, iranisa da kavkasiis ekonomikuri

da politikuri eqspertad.

ruseT-reC pospolitas xangrZlivi omis (1654-1667)

dasrulebisa da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg samokavSireo xe-

lSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg, ruseTis mTavrobis rCe-

viT, diplomatiuri urTierTobis da savaWro urTierTo-

bis mosagvareblad, 1668 wels varSavidan iranSi gaig-

zavna elCoba bogdan gurjickis xelmZRvanelobiT. gur-

jickis hqonda saidumlo davalebac: irani SeerTeboda

polneTsa da ruseTs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg erTobli-

vad sabrZolvelad.

iranisaken mimavali bogdan gurjicki TbilisSi va-

xtan V-s rom ewvia da reC pospolitas mefis sigeli ga-

dasca, amis Sesaxeb Jan Sardenmac gvacnoba. i. cincaZisa

da g. zedginiZis mier mopovebuli masalebidan irkveva,

rom bogdan gurjicki kvlav imyofeboda saqarTveloSi

da roca ukan gabrunda Tan waiRo vaxtang mefis reC

pospolitas mefe ian kazimeJisaTvis dawerili sigeli1.

rogorc g. zedginiZe varaudobda, bogdanma iranTan da

saqarTvelosTan reC pospolitis savaWro urTierTobis

molaparakebebi warmatebiT daasrula. `savsebiT SesaZ-lebelia, _ aRniSnavda g. zedginiZe, _ rom TbilisSi yofnis dros bogdan gurjickis saubari hqonda vaxtang mexuTesTan imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli nedli abreSumi-sa da sxva saqonlis gatana reC pospolitSi qarTvel

1 cincaZe i., masalebi reC pospolitasa da saqarTvelos

urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (XV-XVII saukuneebi), Tbilisi,

1966, gv. 64-65.

160

vaWrebsa da TviT saqarTvelos mefes did sargeblobas moutanda, radgan reC pospolitas samefo dainteresebu-li iyo aRmosavluri saqonlis SetaniT, rac imas niS-navda, rom saqarTvelodan gatanil saqonels gasaRebis bazari uzrunvelyofili eqneboda. amazeve unda miuTi-Tebdes is faqti, rom reC pospolitSi bogdans mihyve-boda Tbiliseli vaWari avTandili, romelsac SesaZleb-elia, raime politikuri xasiaTis davalebac hqonda mi-

cemuli~1. bogdan gurjicki rom Tbiliseli unda yofiliyo

amaze migvaniSnebs holandieli mogzauri ian iansen

streisi (1630-1694), rodesac mogviTxrobs bogdanis dis

Semaxadan TbilisSi gamgzavrebaze (1671 wlis 9 ianvari).

mas qarTvelTa razmi acilebda: `baton bogdanis da 9-Si Svidi aqlemiTa da qarTveli jariskacebis Tanxle-biT gaemgzavra Tavis qveyanaSi, qalaq TbilisSi, rome-lic mdebareobs Semaxidan 8 milis daSorebiT. meore dRes mis gzas daadga misi Zma elCis (bogdan gurjickis _ e.m.) eqimTan erTad, romelis saxeli iyo adami, war-moSobiT poloneli. princma (Sahnavazi2 _ e.m.) daiyolia (adami batoni bogdanis TanxmobiT) wasuliyo masTan da (TbilisSi _ e.m.) darCeniliyo. dapirda, rom Tu mis samsaxurSi Sevidoda, saxarbielo gasamrjelos, ufaso binisa da yoveldRiuri tablas garda, eyoleba oTxi mona kaci da qali, amas garda erTi misi religiis an

1 zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparezze, gv. 118.

2 ian streisi vaxtang V-s princad moixseniebs imis gamo, rom

iranSi is ar iyo aRiarebuli qarTlis mefed (is iyo `vali~)

da iwodeboda Sah navazad (iran. `mefis mier moferebuli~.

Персидско-Русский словарь, т. 2. Подготовлен авторским коллек-

тивом. Руководитель Ю. А. Рубинчик, Москва, 1983, с. 779.

161

aRmsareblobis, e. i. romaul kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis yvelaze lamazi da mdidari sacole... princma (adami _ e.m.) Seiyvara Cveni elCis (bogdan gurjicki _ e.m.) gamo-janmrTelebis Semdeg, rodesac is polonelma aznaur-ebma sasikvdiloT xmlebiT akuwes~1.

bogdan gurjickis garda elCobaSi imyofebodnen:

reC pospolitas mefis aznauri ian grosi, romelic el-

Cis Semdeg meore kaci iyo da sxvadasxva funqciis mata-

rebeli sul 12 kaci 4 SinamosamsaxuriT. iyvnen, agreTve

mesayvireebi, mzareulebi da meetleebi. elCs, bogdan

gurjickis axldnen misi ymebi, sul 10 kaci, umetesoba

qarTvelebi. ase, rom elCobaSi sul imyofeboda 43

kaci2. rogorc ian streisi gadmogvcems bogdan gurjic-

kis cudi urTierToba hqonda elCobis wevr polonel

aznaurebTan da maT Zlier aviwroebda. gamwarebulma da

Seuracxyofilma aznaurebma SearCies Sesaferisi dro

da misi mokvla ganizraxes, Tavs daesxnen da xmlebiT

akuwes, rogorc holandieli ambobs. magram bogdani ga-

daarCina zemoxsenebulma eqimma adamma. qarTvelebma SeT-

qmulebis mowyobaSi brali ian gross dasdes da mok-

les3.

1675 wlis maisSi bogdan gurjickis elCoba reC

pospolitSi dabrunda. mas da mis Zmas farsadans 1676

wels seimma reC pospolitas aznauroba _ SliaxtiCoba

mianiWa, xolo mefe ian sobieskim saxelmwifos winaSe

didi damsaxurebisaTvis, maT lenCicis mazraSi mamulebi

1 Стрейс Ян, Три путешествия, перевод Э. Бородиной, Москва, 1935,

с. 248-250, 254-255. 2 zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparezze, gv.

60-61. 3 Стрейс Ян, Три путешествия, с. 248-250

162

uboZa1. mefe Tavis antiTurqul gegmebSi (man gamefebam-

de, 1673 w. noemberSi xotinTan Turqebis jari sastikad

daamarcxa) irans ganixilavda mTavar mokavSired. amitom

sobieskim ganizraxa kidev erTxel gamoeyenebina bogdan

gurjickis iranis saqmeebis codna da igi SahTan gae-

gzavna osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad mowodebiT.

1676 wlis 26 aprils mefem bogdan gurjicki da-

niSna reC pospolitas rezidentad iranis Sahis karze,

sadac man am Tanamdebobaze dahyo 23 weli. am drois

ganmavlobaSi iranSi reC pospolitas elCis movaleobas

misi Zma farsadani asrulebda. bogdani, romelic Ziri-

Tadad SemaxaSi imyofeboda, reC pospolitas xelisuf-

lebas saWiro informacias ugzavnida.

vfiqrob, bogdan gurjicki unda iyos is goriela

(Goriella), romelsac axsenebs kapucini misioneri justo

da livorno, Tbilisidan gagzavnil werilSi 1686 wlis

7 oqtombers. is sakmaod daaxloebuli iyo qarTlis me-

fe giorgi XI-sTan da kargad erკveoda mis sagareo da

saSinao uTierTobebSi. justos gadmocemiT, poloneTis

samefoს samsaxurSi myofi goriela didi xnis ganmavlo-

baSi cxovrobda SemaxaSi. masTan sistematurad daiare-

bodnen giorgi XI-is qveSevrdomebi2. es italiuri wyaro,

1 zedginiZe g., bogdan gurjicki diplomatiur asparezze, gv.

140. 2 saqarTvelos misionis vice-prefeqtis justino da livor-

nos mier 1686 wlis 7 oqtombers wm. kongregacia `de pro-

paganda fides~ erT-erTi kardinalisadmi miwerili werili.

Archivio della Sacra Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli,

Georgia, vol.31, ff.360r-361r. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Se-

saxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi) / italiuri da

laTinuri teqstebi Targmnes, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daur-

163

kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs bogdan gurjickis qarTlis

samefo karTan mWidro kavSirSi yofnaze.

1699 wels Sah sulTan huseinis davalebiT bogdan

gurjicki elCad miemgzavreba reC pospolitSi, magram

daniSnulebis adgilamde ver miaRwia. is 1700 wlis 12

ianvars moskovSi gardaicvala da iqve dakrZales1.

Tes murman papaSvilma, eldar mamisTvaliSvilma da zurab

gamezardaSvilma, Tbilisi, 2018, gv. 135-137. 1 iqve, gv. 164-165. sxvadsaxva dros reC pospolitas mefeTa sam-

saxurSi myofi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb cnobebi safiqrals

xdis, rom maTi iq yofna sistematur xasiaTs atarebda.

arsebobs vinme qarTveli aznauris, kapitan revaz jomardi-

Zis 1763 wlis 27 Tebervlis moxseneba ruseTis sagareo saq-

meTa kolegiisadmi, romelSic revazi aRniSnavs: `1761 wels saqarTvelodan sankt-peterburgSi gamomagzavnes aq myofi,

amJamad gardacvlil [mefe] TeimurazTan werilebiT Cem

msaxur qarTvel `perenusTan~ erTad, astraxanSi mosvlis-

Tanave adgilobriv kurierTan kapral aleqsi kartaSevTan erTad astraxanis sagubernio kancelariaSi mocemuli sag-

zao weriliT. exla ki minda wasvla reC pospolitSi, Sel-

laretSi iq samsaxurSi myofi Cemi Zmis polkovnik petre ju-mardizovis sanaxavad, xolo aRniSnuli Cemi msaxuri ki dar-

Ceba aq, moskovSi. sagareo saqmeTa saxelmwifo kolegias

morCilad vTxov momces pasporti da Cemi moxseneba daakma-yofilos... 1763 wlis Tebervali~. moxsenebaze qarTuli xel-

mowera: àm moxsenebaze xeli moawera kapitanma revaz joma-

rdiZem~. Архив 1762-1776: Архив внешней политики России, ф.

Сношения России с Грузией, 1762-1776 гг., оп. 110.2, д. 4, л. 4. revaz jomardiZis Zma petre jomardiZe 49 wlis winaT

daatyveves lekebma da Turqebs mihyides. maTTan iyo ram-

denime xans Semdeg ki gaiqca poloneTSi, sadac poloneTis

mefis samsaxurSi Sevida da polkovnikis Cins miaRwia. sami

Tvis winaT revazma Seityo Zmis poloneTSi yofnis Sesaxeb

da masTan wasvla moindoma. is warsdga sagareo saqmeTa

164

9. 1673 wlis 20 Tebervals vaxtangma kapucin patr-

ebTan saubarSi sTqva: `Tu vinme Camova saqarTveloSi

savaWrod, me maT yovelgvar Tavisuflebasa da privile-

giebs mivaniWeb, rasac ki moisurvebeno; Cemi sabrZane-

beli Sav zRvamdea gadaWimuli da, radganac iranSi di-

di pativiT vsargeblob, xolo TurqeTSic metad dafa-

sebuli var, evropelebi, romlebic moisurveben Cemi

qveynis gavliT indoeTSi wasvlas, am qveynebze ukeTes

gzas ver ipoviano; darwmunebuli var, [evropelebi] Tu

erTxel gaivlian am gziT, momavalSi sxva gzas aRar

airCeveno~1.

oriode sityviT unda iTqvas imis Sesaxeb, rom vax-

tang mefem, bunebrivia, icoda iran-safrangeTis 1671

wlis SeTanxmebaze, romliTac safrangeTma Tavisi ost-

indoeTis kompaniisaTvis gaifarTova iranTan vaWrobis

ufleba: kerZod, frang vaWrebs SeeZloT iranis imperiis

teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaadgileba2. radgan saqar-

kolegiasTan arsebobuli saqarTvelos `komisiis~ winaSe, sa-

dac ixileboda saqarTvelos da qarTvelebis sakiTxebi.

komisiaSi iyvnen moskovis qarTuli koloniis warmomadgen-

lebi _ moskovis oberkomendanti aTanase bagrationi, qarT-

veli Tavadebi da aznaurebi. komisiaSi Cveulebriv dahkiT-

xavdnen im pirovnebas misi warmoSobis Sesaxeb, visac surda

pasportis aReba. maWaraZe v., masalebi XVIII saukunis meore naxevris ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriisaTvis,

naw. III, nakv. I (ruseT-TurqeTis omi 1768-1774 wlebSi da sa-

qarTvelo, Tbilisi, 1988, gv. 201-202. 1 Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), gv. 352-353. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII sau-

kunis pirveli meoTxedi), Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 235; papaSvili m.,

saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri urTierTobani (XVIII

saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), Tbilisi, 1992, gv. 30.

165

Tvelo iranis imperiis teritoriad moiazreboda, ami-

tom is safrangeT-iranis savaWro da politikur urTi-

erTobaSi garkveul adgils daikavebda1. aRniSnuli Se-

Tanxmebis Sesaxeb, ra Tqma unda, icoda Sahnavazma da

igi amitom miapyrobs Sardenis yuradRebas saqarTvelo-

ze gamaval gzaze.

Jan Sardenma, gamocdilma negociantma, imdenad mim-

zidvelad CaTvala mefis mosazreba, rom imave patrebs

Txova mefisaTvis gadaecaT, rom mis survils aucileb-

lad Seatyobinebda safrangeTis kompanias indoeTSi. ma-

gram Sardenis azriT, SeTavazebuli winadadeba met mni-

Svnelobas da wonas SeiZenda, Tu mefe Tavis mosazrebas

werilobiT Camoayalibebda. Jan Sardenis danabarebi

episkoposma mefes moaxsena, xolo mefis pasuxi ki 1673

wlis 24 Tebervals Sardens gadasca. `mTavars did xans ufiqria Cems winadadebaze, _ gadmogvcems Sardeni, _ baraTi miewera franguli kompaniisaTvis saqarTveloSi vaWrobis ganviTarebisa da am qveynis gasasvlel gzad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb; mTavari mzad ariso imisaTvis, raTa daarwmunos kompania, Tu ra didi sargebeli SeiZleba hqondes am qveyanaSi vaWrobas, magram mainc Tavs ikaveb-so, radgan iranis xelmwifis vasalia da eSinia misma udidebulesobam danaSaulad ar CauTvalos misi nebar-Tvis gareSe saqmiani werilis miwera ucxoelebisaTviso; magram Tqven sruli darwmunebiT SegiZliaT gadasceTo maT, rom Tu kompania rwmunebulebis gamogzavnas moi-survebs am qveynebSi, isini aq iafad iSovnian evro-

1 papaSvili m., saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri urTierTo-

bani (XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 30.

166

pisaTvis gamosadeg bevr saqonels da maTac, ramdenadac SeiZleba, kargad miiRebeno~1.

savaraudoa, rom vaxtang V-m SemTxveviT ar wamoiw-

yo SardenTan molaparakeba evropeli vaWrebis saqarT-

velosTan dakavSirebisa da mis samefoSi maTTvis kargi

pirobebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. man icoda, rom Sardeni saf-

rangeTis da inglisis savaWro wreebis warmomadgeneli

iyo. Sardeni, Tavis mxriv mefes dapirda, rom is auci-

leblad Seatyobinebda mefis winadadebas indoeTis ko-

mpanias, magram qarTlis samefos safrangeTTan diplo-

matiur kontaqtebs Semdgomi gagrZeleba ar moeloda.

male Sahnavazi gardaicvala, qveyanaSi Sida feodaluri

areuloba daiwyo2.

iran-safrangeTis diplomatiuri kontaqtebi, rom Se-

degianad gagrZelebuliyo, SeiZleboda sulxan-saba orbe-

lianis viziti safrangeTis mefis karze mTlad unayofo

1 Sardeni, mogzauroba iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi (cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), gv. 353.

2 XVII saukunis meore naxevridan safrangeTi savaWro-ekonomi-

kuri wreebi gaaqtiurdnen iranTan misasvleli mSvidobiani

gzebis moZebnisaTvis. ìranSi mimavali xuTi gzidan erT-er-

Ti saqarTveloze gadioda. es iyo e.w. meore gza, parizidan

konstantinopolze gavliT, xolo konstantinopolis Semdeg

ori sxvadasxva gziT SeiZleboda iranSi Casvla: samegrelo-

sa da anatoliis gziT. samegrelos gza gadioda marSru-

tiT: konstantinopolidan kafamde, Semdeg afxazeT-samegre-

los sanapiroebisa (alakasa-banderi, anaklia) da samegre-

los gavliT Tbilisamde. Tbilisidan es gza midioda

erevanSi, iqidan TavrizSi, yazvinSi, qasanSi da ispaanSi~.

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII sau-

kunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 61. alkasa-benderi, i. tabaRuas

varaudiT, unda yofiliyo àlkasa~ _ àfxazeTi~, xolo

`bender~ _ Turqulad cixe-simagre. iqve, gv. 61, Sen. 114.

167

ar yofiliyo da safrangeT-osmaleTis urTierTobis ga-

TvaliswinebiT, vaxtang VI-s òsmalobac~ Tavidan aeci-

lebina.

10. zemoT ganxiluli wyaroebi uflebas gvaZlevs

vilaparakoT vaxtang V Sahnavazis, rogorc Sahis vasa-

lis, moRvaweobis or tendeciaze:

a) imoqmedos qveynis SigniT (vgulisxmob ara mxo-

lod mis samefos, aramed mTlianad im saqarTvelos,

romelzec qarTveli mefeebis da mTavar-erisTavebis xe-

lisufleba vrceldeboda) damoukideblad, SesaZleblo-

bis farglebSi da naklebad gauwios angariSi Sahis

karis interesebs;

b) axdilad ar hqondes sagareo ekonomikuri da po-

litikuri kontaqtebi evropis saxelmwifoebTan, gaiT-

valiswinos da angariSi gauwios iranis sagareo poli-

tikas.

giorgi XI-is diplomatia

1. ukve iTqva, rom qarTlis mefe vaxtang V Sahnava-

zi Sahma soleimanma (1666-1694) TavisTan daibara. vaxtan-

gma samefos mmarTvelad datova Tavisi meore, arCilis

momdevno, vaJi giorgi (daibada 1651 w.). vaxtang V gzaSi

(kumSi) gardaicvala.

vaxuStis daxasiaTebiT, `xolo iyo ese giorgi mefe mÃne, axovani, Zlieri ZaliTa da taniTa, Suenier-haero-vani, pirmxiaruli, enatkbili, uxÂ da mrisxane, moisar-moaspareze uebro~.

Sahs Tavdaprvelad qarTlis taxtze erekle I-is

gamefeba undoda im pirobiT, rom is islams miiRebda,

magram ereklem uari Tqva. nawyen Sahs `ganjis xanis Svi-li abas yulibeg CafraT qarTls gaegzavna giorgi bat-

168

onisSvili samefoT Camoeyvana~1. vidre giorgi irans ga-emgzavreboda, axalcixis faSam roca Sahnavazis sikvdi-

li gaigo, masTan myofi arCili Seipyro da tyveobaSi

hyavda. qarTvelebma arCili axalcixidan gaapares, igi

qarTlSi gadmovida da suramSi2 (vaxuStis mixedviT _

sadgeri3) dadga.

giorgi iranis gzas daadga. man Tavis nacvlad um-

crosi Zma levani datova. magram vidre daniSnulebis

adgilamde Cavidoda, iranSi axali pretendenti gamoC-

nda, misi umcrosi Zmis, iranSi aRzrdili, ispaanis ta-

ruRis, aleqsandres saxiT. amis Semdeg saqmeSi Caeria

giorgis ufrosi Zma batoniSvili arCili. arCilma ico-

da ra Tavisadmi Sahis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba da

isic, rom is ar dauSvebda arCils qarTlis taxtze,

viTom ganizraxa Sahis mier giorgisaTvis misacemi qarT-

lis dapyroba àraTu TÂsad, aramed raTa scnas yeenman da moswrafed warmoavlinos Zma misi giorgi~. rogorc aRmoCnda arCilma sworad gaTvala. raTa arCils ar

daekavebina qarTlis taxti, Sahma saswrafod daamtkica

giorgi qarTlis taxtze4.

2. giorgi XI-ze saubris gagrZelebamde jer gavec-

noT misi Tanamedrove, barZim aragvis erisTvisSvilis cxovrebis da saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobis zogierT

mxares, gansakuTrebiT ki, kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mis

politikur motivs.

1 farsadan gorgijaniZis istoria / s. kakabaZis gamocema //

saistorio moambe, w. II, Tbilisi, 1925, gv. 275. 2 iqve. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 456. sadge-

ri _ sofeli borjomis maxloblad. 4 iqve, gv. 456-457.

169

barZimi iyo giorgi XI-is Tanamedrove, misi maRali

moxele (mdivanbegi), XVII s. 80-90 wlebis erT-erTi cno-

bili politikuri moRvawe, qarTlis msajulTuxucesis,

giorgi aragvis erisTavis Zma barZim erisTvisSvili.

barZimma kaTolikoba aRiara da amis gamo is kaTolike

misionerebis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis areSi moxvda.

mis Sesaxeb maT ramdenime iseTi saintereso cnoba dag-

vitoves, romelic warmodgenas gviqmnis rogorc am feo-

dalis Sesaxeb, ise misi Tanamedrove qarTlis samefos

politikur viTarebaze.

m. TamaraSvilis mier moZiebuli da gamoqveynebuli

cnobebi, romlebic daculia TbilisSi moRvawe kaToli-

ke patrebis romSi gagzavnili werilebSi, Seicavs iseT

masalas, romelic qarTulma saistorio mwerlobam ar

icis. is ramdenime Strixi, romelic cnobilia barZim

erisTvisSvilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb,

gvxvdeba mxolod vaxuSti batoniSvilis TxzulebaSi,

romlebsac qvemoT gavecnobiT.

pirveli werili barZim erisTvisSvilis Sesaxeb ek-

uTvnis ufros patrs julio kremonels da daTariRe-

bulia 1690 wliT. patris mixedviT, axal gakaTolike-

bulTa Soris àris kidev erTi mTavari qarTveli Ta-

vadi, qalaqis aivan begi (Aivan Begi)1 [mdivanbegi], rome-lic iseTi siyvaruliTa da guliTadobiT gvekideba, ra-Ta Cawvdes Ceni wminda sarwmunoebis arsSi, vfiqrob,

1 unda iyos mdivanbegi, anu qalaqis ufrosi mosamarTle, msa-

julTuxucesi. giorgi XI-is dros gakaTolikebuli mdivan-

begi iyo barZim erisTvisSvili. mis Sesaxeb ix. mamisTvali-

Svili e., barZim erisTvisSvili // goris saxelmwifo sas-

wavlo universitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakul-

tetis istoriisa da arqeologiis centris SromaTa krebu-

li, #14, Tbilisi, 2016,

170

rom male misi wyalobiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes uwm-indesi saidumlo da saerTod papis Zalauflebis qveS gaerTiandnen am qalaqis somxebi da berZnebi~1.

1690 wlis 1 ianvars patri julio kremoneli romSi

acnobebs, rom barZimma 1689 wels saidumlod miiRo

kaTolikoba. barZimi cdilobda misi es saqcieli ar ga-xmaurebuliyo. amitom iyo, rom rodesac romSi paps

werili gaugzavna `Tavis qarTulad daweril wignze dausva aseTi beWedi (jvari _ e.m.), Tumca mas Tavisi beWedi sacalkeo aqvs, magram ar ixmara, jer erTi imitom rom aravin gaugos (kaTolikobis aRiareba _ e.m.), da meored, udidesi sasoebis gamo... saWiroa Seatyobi-noT (barZimis qarTulad dawerili werilis _ e.m.)

mTargmnels, rom gaCumdes da batonis gakaTolikebaze arc weriliTa da arc sityviT aravis ara uTxras, raTa araviTari winaaRmdegoba SeemTxves imaSi, ris aRsrule-basac fiqrobs da arc amas raime usiamovneba emizezos. aseve unda daabaroT (saidumlo Seinaxon _ e.m.) im mona-zonebs, romlebic saqarTveloSi modian~2. iseTi

STabeWdileba meqmneba, rom an barZimi atyuebda patrebs,

an barZimi da patrebi erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebulni,

cdilobdnen SecdomaSi SeeyvanaT romis papi da kardi-

nalebi. yvelafers Tu vera, barZimis mizans mainc ga-

varkvevT: ratom undoda mas romTan dakavSireba da misi

gavlenis gamoyeneba qarTlis samefos Sidapolitikur

cxovrebaSi.

kapuCinTa misionis prefeqtis julio da kremonas

mixedviT, barZimi iyo erT-erTi uZlieresi da uwarCine-

1 Archivio di Propaganda Fide. Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia

1626-1707. Vol. I, ff. 411r-411v. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 277-278. xazgasma Cemia.

171

bulesi saqarTvelos mTavarTagani, romelic imave dros

ltolvilobaSi myofi mefis, giorgi XI-is axlo naTe-

savic iyo, magram masac miuZRvoda garkveuli wvlili

giorgi mefis winaaRmdeg mowyobil ajanyebaSi1.

julio da kremona 1691 wlis 28 noembers wm. kongr-

egacia de propaganda fides erT-erTi kardinalisadmi

Tbilisidan gagzavnili werilSi kvlav laparakobs gi-

orgi mefis gaZevebaze2.

sainteresoa gairkves giorgis winaaRmdeg mowyobili

romeli ajanyeba aqvs mxedvelobaSi kaTolike patrs?

Sahis karze gadawyvites iranisadmi Seurigebeli

politikis gamo, giorgi XI CamoeSorebinaT qarTlis

taxtidan. Sahis vezirma aji alixanma ganizraxa mefis

winaaRmdeg misi qveSevrdomebi aejanyebina. zogierTma

feodalma islamze gadasvlis sanacvlod Sahisagan ja-

magiri dainiSna, xolo iason aragvis erisTavma mefes

daumorCilebloba gamoucxada3.

1 iqve, gv. 275. 2 kapuCinTa misionis prefeqtis julio da kremonas mier

Tbilisidan 1691 wlis 28 noembers wm. kongregacia “de propa-

ganda fides” erT-erTi kardinalisadmi gagzavnili werili.

`roca mefe iyo giorgi, winandel misionerebs SeeZloT

imdeni cvilis sanTeli exarjaT, ramdensac moisurvebdnen,

radgan es guluxvi batoni2 yovel dResaswaulze maT

Cuqnida 36 sanTels, TiToeuli 6 unciis, magram me aseTi guluxvobiT sargebloba ver SevZeli, radgan is gaaZeves;

ukve SeuZlebeli iyo amdeni sanTlis, am moZvelebuli wesis

gamoyenebaze uaris Tqma, raTa amas ar gamoewvia kaTolikeTa

ukmayofileba, miTqma-moTqma da a.S.~ Archivio di Propaganda Fide.

Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia 1626-1707. Vol. I, ff. 436r-437v.

evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis uka-

naskneli meoTxedi), gv. 188-189. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 459-460.

172

somxiTis meliqi qamar-begi qarTlis mefes aji

alixanTan abezRebda. muxranis batonis Ze erekle,

romelsac mefe giorgi sakuTari SviliviT zrdida, gad-

audga. Zmebi maCablebi, zaza qsnis erisTavis Svilebi _

iese da elizbari moRalateebi iyvnen. maT yvelas mefe

ise gausworda, rogorc imsaxurebdnen: erekle da Zmebi

maCablebi daapatinrebina, qamar-begi da iase moakvle-

vina1.

aragvis erisTavad dainiSna giorgi oTaris Ze2,

misi Zma iyo barZimi, kaTolike patrebis gmiri.

giorgi mefem ruseTSi arCils ori monazoni gaugz-

avna da saqarTveloSi dabruneba sTxova. am faqts adas-

turebs saqarTvelos misionis vice-prefeqtis justino

da livorno 1687 wlis 1 noembers Tbilisidan wm. kon-

gregacia `de propaganda fides~ maRali sasuliero

pirebisadmi gagzavnil werilSi3.

rodesac Sahma amis Sesaxeb Seityo giorgi mefes

Zma levani mZevlad moTxova. giorgim Sahs levanis nacv-

lad SesTavaza Tavisi Svili, ufliswuli bagrati.

Sahma axla orive _ levani da bagrati moiTxova, magram

mefem misi Txovna ar daakmayofila. ufro metic, amis

Semdeg giorgi kaxelebs daukavSirda, ajanyebisaken

mouwoda da qarTlisa da kaxeTis erT samefod

gaerTianeba SesTavaza. mefem dasaxuli gegmis realiza-

ciisaTvis garkveuli nabijebic gadadga, magram misma

biZam (dedis Zma), spaspetma Tamazma, romlis siZe iyo

aragvis erisTavi giorgi, mefis ganzraxva ar gaiziara,

1 iqve, gv. 460. 2 iqve. 3 Archivio della Sacra Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli, Geor-

gia, vol. 31, ff. 392r-394r. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 160.

173

radgan qarTlisa da kaxeTis gaerTianebiT misi siZe

giorgi erisTavi cud mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda. spa-

spetma mefes uRalata. qarTl-kaxeTis erT samefod

gaerTianebis kidev erTi cda CaiSala.

1688 wels giorgi mefe iZulebuli gaxda batoni-

Svili bagrati da Tavisi Zma levani SahTan gaegzavna1.

giorgis biZa spaspeti Tamazi iranelebis mxares gadavi-

da, xolo rodesac erisTav giorgis daxmareba moTxova,

uari miiRo. mefe giorgim erTxel kidev Txova giorgi

erisTavs Tanadgoma, magram pasuxi igive iyo2.

giorgi erisTavisa da misi Zmis, barZimis mefe gi-

orgisTan Serigeba moxda mxolod 1688 wels.

***

julio da kremonas ganzraxuli hqonda papisaTvis

Caegonebina gaegzavna barZimisaTvis werili da zemoq-

medeba moexdina ltolvil giorgi XI-ze, raTa am uka-

nasknels mxari daeWira barZimisaTvis da misi saSuale-

biT mefe im mdgomareobaSi CaeyenebinaT, rom emoqmeda

patrebis, rogorc papis warmomadgenlebis miTiTebiT.

rac Seexeboda barZims, rogorc patri fiqrobda, misi

erTguleba papis taxtis, kaTolikuri sarwmunoebisa da

patrebis mimarT garantirebuli iyo. julio kremonels

amgvari rwmenis safuZvels aZlevda is garemoeba, rom

barZims sulier mamad miuCines berZnuli tipikonis ka-

Tolike episkoposi, romelic yvelafers gaakeTebda su-

lieri Svilis morCilebaSi yolisaTvis3.

1 iqve, gv. 461. 2 iqve, gv. 462. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 276.

174

ierusalimis patriarqi dosiTeos II Tavis cnobil

naSromSi _ ìerusalimis patriarqebis istoria~, kaTo-

like patrebis saqmianobas saqarTveloSi axasiaTebda

barZimis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mixedviT: àmave dros maT (kaTolikebma _ e.m.) saero sibrZne ician da xalxs lamazi sityvebiT atyueben, mcdarad xsnian wm. werils da damaxinjebiT ganmartaven wm. mamebis [nawerebs]. ase gaxades papistad parzimi (barZimi _ e.m.). is (barZimi _ e.m.) SesaZlebeli rom yofiliyo, Tavze Slapasac dai-

xuravda~. amiT dosiTeoss imis Tqma unda, rom barZimi kaTolike patrebisaviT Cacmul-daxuruli ivlidao, rac

imas gamoxatuleba iqneboda, rom is daufaravad aRia-

rebda kaTolikobas1.

barZimi aris XVII saukunis erTaderTi qarTveli

didebuli, romlis saidumlo prozelitoba, e.i. mis mi-

er kaTolikobis aRiareba, kremonelis relaciis garda

sxva wyaroTic dasturdeba.

zemoaRniSnuli werilis Semdeg patrma juliom

1690 w. 10 marts romSi gagzavna werili, romelSic gamo-

sWvivis survili Tavisi da, zogadad, misionis saqmi-

anobis warmateba saqarTveloSi warmoaCinos barZimis

kaTolikobaze moqcevis magaliTze da amiT romi waaxa-

lisos meti daxmareba gauwios saqarTveloSi moqmed

kapucinebis misions. `Tuki romSi divan-begis, yvelaze warCinebuli qarTveli piris, moqcevis Sesaxeb adre ga-

igebdnen, Cvendami ufro keTilganwyobili urTierToba iqneboda; TviTon es, bunebiT keTili, batoni ar eWvob-

da, rom is ubralod moatyues, Tumca Tavisi keTili bunebis gamo misgan simpaTia ar mogvklebia. yovelTvis gviRebda, rogorc sakuTar Zmebs, gansakuTrebul yurad-

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), gv. 225.

175

Rebasa da pativiscemas iCenda Cvendami, gvexmareboda da gvmfarvelobda saxelmwifoSi mRelvarebebis dros, rom-lis drosac Cven gulisa da Tavisi sarwmunoebis1 ga-mo bevri simdidre dakarga, aimxedra TiTqmis mTeli saqarTvelo masSi mcxovrebi mravalricxovani erovneb-is CaTvliT~2.

amave dros, julio cdilobs kidev metad srulyos

romSi kardinalebis winaSe barZimis, rogorc misione-

rebis damxmaris saxe: `WeSmaritad unda mogaxseno, rom RmerTs didad uyvars es Tavisi sZali wminda eklesia, vinaidan gaWirvebaSi mouvlens mas keTil angelozTa missave dasacvelad; amitom SegviZlia vuwodoT am mTavars (barZims _ e.m.) namdvili mSvidobis angelozi, radgan WeSmariti Svilia ekklesiisa da didaT moyvare da mdabali mona papisa~. julio kremoneli imisaTvis,

rom mkiTxveli Tavis naTqvamis WeSmaritebaSi daarwmu-

nos, moyavs erTi magaliTi barZimis mier kaTolike misi-

onerebisadmi daxmarebas rom asaxavs: àm Svidi wlis wineT, rodesac mTeli qalaqi Cvens winaaRmdeg amdgari iyo da undoda Cvenis ekklesiis da saxlis daqceva, aman, radgan kafucinebi uyvarda, ltolvil mefeze (giorgi XI _ e.m.) ukeTesad dagvicva, didi simxne gamoiCina, xalxi ZaliT ganaSora da mTeli areuloba daawynara; axlac, rogorc erTi mociqulebrivi kaci ise

1 kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis miRebis gamo. 2 Archivio di Propaganda Fide. Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia

1626-1707. Vol. I, ff. 417r-418 v. kapuCinTa misionis prefeqtis julio da kremonas mier Tbilisidan 1692 wlis 10 marts

wm. kongregacia `de propaganda fides~ erT-erTi kardina-

lisadmi miwerili werili // evropuli wyaroebi saqarT-

velos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv.

206.

176

iqceva Cvenis pativis asamaRleblad da kaTolike sar-

wmunoebis gasavrceleblad. aseT droebSi CvenTvis swo-

red aseTi Zlieri mfarveli iyo saWiro~1. is aRSfoTebuli moqalaqeni, romlebic kaTolike-

bis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen, rogorc Cans somxebi iyvnen.

radgan barZimma ar misca maT saSualeba daerbiaT kaTo-

likebi, amitom somxebis patriarqma ganizraxa eklesiur-

ad daesaja is somxebi, romlebic kaTolikeTa eklesia-

Si dadiodnen. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba patriarqma

daavala Tbiliseli somxebis xelmZRvanels _ vikari-

ozs. barZimma, rogorc julio wers, vikariozs ar misca

Canafiqris ganxorcielebis saSualeba.

sxva dros, rodesac somxuri eklesiis ierarqma,

varTapetma erT-erTi somxuri eklesia daaketina imis ga-

mo, rom man eWvi Seitana eklesiis patronisa da mRvd-

lis kaTolikobisaken gadaxraSi, barZimma taZari ga-

aRebina. am faqtis aRwerisas patri winaaRmdegobaSi

vardeba: mas, rogorc Cans daaviwyda romSi gagzavnili

werilis is adgili, romliTac papis moxeleebs afrTxi-

lebda, ar gaexmaurebinaT barZimis prozelitoba, rad-

gan Tu amis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi gaigebdnen, kaTo-

likebisaTvis Zlier saWiro am pirovnebas da am aRmsa-

reblobis mrevlsac didi usiamovneba ar acdeboda. ax-

la ki patri barZims kaTolikobis mqadageblad warmo-

gvidgens: `xolo barZimi TviT mivida iq, gaaRebina ekklesia, dauwyo mas qadageba kaTolikur sarwmunoeba-ze da ise imoqmeda, rom (varTapeti _ e.m.) TiTqmis daar-wmuna imas (kaTolikobas _ e.m.) SeerTebuliyo da papis morCilebaSi kaTolike sarwmunoeba eRiarebina. am mTa-

varma es imoqmeda egodenis simtkiciT, gulmodginebiT


gv. 278-279.

177

da gonierebiT, rom am SemTxvevaSi veravin SeiZlo mis-

Tvis raime winaaRmdegi epasuxebina. im varTapets qadage-

bac ki aukrZala~1. sul mcire xnis Semdeg (1690 w. 27 marti), barZimis

saqebari werili patrma silibistremac gagzavna romSi.

patrebis werilebma, garkveuli gagebiT, mizans mia-

Rwies da papma aleqsandre VIII-m 1691 wels giorgi mefes

gaugzavna `rCevis wigni, raTa kvalad damegobreboda ba-rZims da mas SeerTeboda, rom Tu misi da sxva kaToli-kebis daxmarebiT, erTad ezrunaT saqarTvelos sakeT-ildReod~. barZimisTvisac moamzades papis werili, mag-

ram misi gagzavna ver moaswres papis gardacvalebis ga-

mo. werili SeaCeres 1692 wlamde2.

patrebis werilebSi, TiTqos sxvaTa Soris, sinam-

dvileSi ki seriozuli ganzraxviT, gatarebulia azri

barZimis gansakuTrebul daniSnulebaze saqarTveloSi,

Cans misi ambicia dadges mefe giorgize maRla, rogorc

qveynis iranelTagan da, saerTod, mahmadianTa batonobi-

sagan ganmaTavisuflebeli. TiTqos is amitom aujanyda

mefes: ìsic unda vsTqva, _ wers julio kremoneli, _ rom cotaTi wili amasac udevs imaSi, rom saqarTvelo giorgi mefes aujanyda. giorgic metad ganrisxebula maszed. es barZimi radgan sakmaod msasoebeli da gu-lixmieria, ra scno Tu ra nairis usamarTlobiT epy-robian iranelebi saqarTvelos da Tu ra moelis mas momavalSi, amisTvis didad natrobs, ara marto Tavis-gan, aramed TviT mTeli samefosganac moaSoros es maTi samarcxvino uReli, aRmofxvras erisgan gaxrwniloba, SecTomiloba, crumorwmuneba da urwmenoba, da daner-gos yvelgan ieso qristes namdvili da WeSmariti sarw-

1 iqve, gv. 278- 279. 2 iqve, gv. 284.

178

munoeba~. CamoTvlili yvela mankierebis aRmofxvris mizniT barZimi dakavSirebia kaTolikur eklesiasa da romis paps1. patri silibistre sruliad naTlad acxa-

debs barZimis xvaSiadis Sesaxeb: ès is batonia, romel-sac SeiZleba ewodos saqarTvelos mefe, radgan yvela-feri amazedaa damokidebuli da yvelas es ganagebs~2.

rogorc Cans, barZims ar akmayofilebda patrebis saSualebiT romTan mimowera. werilebSi is yvelaferi

ver Caiwereboda, sinamdvileSi riskenac is miiswrafoda.

amitom mas ganuzraxavs romSi Tavisi warmomadgeneli

gaegzavna, magram ufros patrs mxari ar dauWeria

misTvis am ganzraxvis aRsrulebaSi. patrebi, albaT,

xvdebodnen rom barZimi Tavisi politikuri ambiciebis

gamo mzad iyo romidan mxardaWeris SemTxvevaSi, iseTi

ram moemoqmeda, rac patrebs da papsac politikur skan-

dalSi amxelda da patrebs seriozul problemebs Seuq-

mnida saqarTveloSi. vfiqrob, amiT iyo gamowveuli ro-

mis mier Tavis Sekaveba barZimTan uSualo kontaqtis

damyarebasa da misTvis werilis gamogzvnaze. papma mniS-

vnelovani diplomatiuri miniSneba gaakeTa, maSin roca

werili gaugzavna giorgi mefes. amiTi man xazi gausva,

rom romi qarTlis samefoSi umaRles xelisuflad gio-

rgi XI-es cnobda. aseTi politika sworad miiCnia axal-

ma papma inokenti XII-em. man Tavis werilSi (1692 w. 26

ianvari) Seaqo barZimis Rvawli kaTolikebis dacvis saq-

meSi da kategoriulad urCia: `saWirod vracxT, Seuer-TdeT giorgi mefes. amiTi Cven didad gvasiamovnebT, masTanve ecadeT, rom daurRvevlad daicvaT eg megob-roba~-o3. Znelia imis ganWvreta rogor ganviTardeboda

1 iqve, gv. 275. 2 iqve, gv. 280. 3 iqve, gv. 287.

179

mefe giorgi XI-esa da barZim erisTvisSvils urTier-

Toba Tu iqneboda es ukanaskneli mxilebuli kaToliko-

bisadmi loialobaSi igi rom 1692 wels ar daRupuliyo.

vaxuSti batoniSvilma sul ramdenime winadadeba

dagvitova misi biografiidan da igi arcTu iseT dade-

biT pirovnebad warmoCindeba, rogoradac mas kaTolike

misionerebi gvixataven.

vaxuStis mixedviT 1688 wels erekle I-ma barZimi

`daadgina karisa Tvisisa gamged msajulTuxucesad, Zma giorgi erisTavisa~1. is meTaurobda erekles mier arCil

II-is vaJebis Sesapyrobad dvaleTSi gagzavnil laSqars,

magram barZims win aRudga adgilobrivi feodali eli-

yanaSvili da mas mefis davalebis Sesrulebis saSua-

leba ar misca2. barZimi erekle I-is mxares ibrZoda gi-

orgi XI-is winaaRmdeg. Semdeg, 1691 wels, giorgi XI-es

miemxro3, romlis davalebiTac cdilobda imereTis tax-

tze arCil II-is ganmtkicebas, magram misi meTaurobiT

gagzavnilma samxedro eqspediciam mizans ver miaRwia da

barZimi xelmocaruli dabrunda qarTlSi4. 1692 w. barZi-

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 464. 2 iqve, gv. 465. 3 iqve, gv. 467. 4 iqve, gv. 855. giorgi XI-is aqtivobaze dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si da mis optimistur Sedegebze, saerTod, saqarTvelosa-

Tvis, saintereso mokle cnoba dagvitova misionerma julio

da kremonam 1691 wlis 22 oqtombers: `Tuki ufali giorgi

mefis iaraRs warmatebas moutans; es mefe4 amJamad daeufla

imereTs da daikavebs kolxidas da amgvarad imzadebs niadags saqarTveloSi SemosaWrelad da dasakaveblad, miT

ufro, rom mis mxareze aris yvela didi moazrovne~. Archivio

di Propaganda Fide. Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia 1626-1707. Vol.

I, ff. 417 r-418 v. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 178-179. giorgi

180

mi giorgi mefis laSqars meTaurobda, romelsac dava-

lebuli hqonda kaxeTis qarTlTan SeerTeba. sofel ni-

nowmindasan momxdar brZolaSi barZimi sasikvdilod

daiWra.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT, `xolo ese ba-rZim iyo amayi, TavÃedi, kadnieri da ara rad vinme Cnda da umetes kaxni~.

barZimi brZolis velze `RÂnosmuli da mTvrali~ imyofeboda da kaxelebis tyviam imsxverpla1.

3. unda ganvixiloT giorgi XI-sTan dakavSirebuli

kidev erTi sakiTxi _ misi damokidebuleba kaTolikob-

isadmi. arafers vambob mis `muslimanobaze~, romelic

mas ZaladobiT miaRebines. XVII saukuneSi qarTvelebi frankebs anu laTinebs

daupirispirdnen ierusalimSi TavianTi eklesia-monas-

trebis, gansakuTrebiT golgoTaze adgilis SenarCune-

bisaTvis. ierusalimSi qarTvelebis da laTinebis dapi-

meTerTmeteze Seyvarebulma julio da kremonam, Tavisi

gaWirvebuli finansiuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad, misTvs

daamzadebina 8 piastris Rirebulebis oqros beWedi. Archivio

di Propaganda Fide. Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia 1626-1707. Vol.

I, ff. 438 r-447r. 1 barZimis meTaurobiT ninowmindasTan misul qarTlis jars

(barZimTan erTad iyvnen givi amilaxvari da spaspeti Tamazi)

kaxeTis saxlTuxucesi revaz ColoyaSvili da ninowmindeli

maspinZlobdnen. am dros qiziyis mouravi duSia TuSebis

mcire razmiT barZimTan wamovida zavis saTxovnelad. roca

barZimma gaigo duSias mosvlis Sesaxeb, ifiqra saomrad mo-

vidao da simTvralis gamo Zalian ganrisxda. roca scades

aexsnaT duSias mosvlis namdvili mizezi barZimma aravis

mousmina da saomrad gavida. SeSinebulma duSiam Tofis

srola daiwyo, `hkra barZims mkerdsa da ganvlo beWsa mis-

sa~. iqve, gv. 468.

181

rispireba sakmaod xangrZlivi iyo1. XVII s. 40-ian wleb-

Si qarTvelebma golgoTa miatoves. laTinebma amis Sem-

deg sxva qarTuli monastrebis xelSi Cagdeba moindo-

mes. aseTi viTareba xelsayrel pirobebs uqmnida berZ-

nebs, antikaTolikuri propaganda ewarmoebinaT saqarT-

veloSi, rac sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs. amjerad yu-

radReba mxolod ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeosis we-

rilebze unda gavamaxviloT, romlebSic mocemulia qar-

TvelTa da berZenTa istoriuli megobrobisa da berZ-

nuli marTlmadideblobis dasacavad erToblivi brZo-

lis mokle daxasiaTeba. is mouwodebs qarTvelebs kvla-

vac erToblivad (berZnebma da qarTvelebma) ibrZolon

imave miznis gansaxorcieleblad. epistoledan yuradRe-

bas ipyrobs patriarqis naTqvami giorgi XI-ze, romel-

sac is Sexvda 1681 wels, saqarTveloSi meored yofni-

sas. amaze gvamcnobs `wigni es marTali da WeSmariti, Cuengan mirTmeuli~ dosiTeosisadmi. `wignSi~ CamoTvli-

lia is Tanxebi da saqoneli, romelic qarTul mxares

misTvis unda gadaecaT ierusalimis qarTuli monastre-

bis valebis dasafaravad2. giorgi mefes arc SemdegSi

dauklia yuradReba ierusalimis qarTuli siwmindebisa-

Tvis. man 1684 w. `wargzavna ierusalims ori aTasi Tu-

mani golgoTisa da juarisa monastrisa da sxuani mra-valni Sesamkoni maTni~3. dosiTeosi kmayofili unda yo-

filiyo giorgi mefis mier 1699 (?) wlis axlo xanebSi

misi Zmiswulis, domentis (SemdgomSi kaTalikosi domen-

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., qarTvelebi da bibliuri samyaro, gori,

1998, 101-105, 110-114. 2 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I,

Тифлис, 1866, с. 26-27; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusa-limis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 200-201.

3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv 282.

182

ti IV) xeliT `movaleebisagan datyvevebuli jvris mo-

nastris dasaxsneli Sesawiravis~ gagzavniT1.

dosiTeosis epistoledan Cans, rom giorgi mefes

jvris monastris valebi gadauxdia da didi wvlili Se-

utania am erovnul saqmeSi. rac Seexeba Tbilisisa da

goris kaTolikur eklesiebs, XVII s. dasasruls, gorSi

eklesia somxebs namdvilad daukavebiaT da am drosDNam

qalaqSi patrebi saerTod ar imyofebodnen2. TbilisSi

ki, XVIII s. dasawyisSi mxolod sami kapucini iyo da ar

Cans, eklesia hqondaT Tu ara. dosiTeosi didad dainte-

resebuli iyo ierusalimis jvris monasters metoqi hqo-

noda TbilisSi. aseTad mas kaTolikeTa eklesia egule-

boda, romlis jvrisaTvis gadacemas, Tu dosiTeoss da-

vujerebT, giorgi XI dapirebia, magram is ar Sesrule-

bula 1706 welsac ki. rogorc zemoT iTqva, dosiTeosi

vaxtang VI-s Txovda: mieciT wm. jvris monasters Tbi-

lisSi erTi eklesiao3. rac Seexeba kaTolikeTa eklesi-

as TbilisSi, moRweuli cnobebidan ar Cans, vis ekuTv-

noda igi. arc is Cans, kaTolikeTa simcire TbilisSi am

qalaqidan maTi gaZevebis Tu sxva ramis Sedegi iyo.

dosiTeosi, albaT, fiqrobda, rom kaTolikebis eklesi-

is CamorTmeviT gauaresdeboda urTierToba romsa da

qarTlis samefo Soris. igi dainteresebuli iyo movle-

nebis amgvari ganviTarebiT.

XVII s. bolo meoTxedSi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

Seqmnili politikuri viTareba mefeebs da maRal sasu-

1 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi. XVII-XIX ss. / teqstebi

gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvlevebi, SeniSvnebi da ganmarte-

bebi daurTo prof. avT ioselianma, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 45. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., goris istoria, I, gv. 324. 3 TbilisSi ierusalimis jvris metoqis Sesaxeb ix. Cemi, saq-

arTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 225.

183

liero wodebas aiZulebda, evropasTan kavSiris damya-

rebiT, gamosuliyvnen Cixidan1 da ukve meramdened mimar-

Tavdnen erT nacad xerxs: formalurad da saidumlod

eRiarebinaT kaTolikobi da amiT miepyroT romis papisa

da zogierTi qristianuli saxelmwifos yuradReba. is-

lamis saxelmwifoebis agresiis Sekavebis mizani ganapi-

robebda qarTvel mefeTa `gamuslimanebasac~.

1686 w. werilidan Cans, rom gorSi patrebi kvlav

ar iyvnen, magram am qalaqSi dabrunebis imeds ar hkar-

gavdnen. 1689 wels isini moiTxovdnen 64 piastrs, raTa

somxebis xelidan gamoexsnaT da aRedginaT monasteri.

savaraudoa, patrebma erTi piroba eklesiis aRdgena Se-

Zles, magram somxebma waarTves, an somxebi maTs naekle-

siar adgils daepatronen. werilSi aRniSnulia, agreT-

ve, rom Tu Teatinelebs eklesia ar eqnebaT, maSin kaTo-

like mRvdlis gorSi gagzavna SeuZlebeliao2.

rogorc Cans gorSi eklesiis aRdgena misionerebma

mokle xanSi SesZles. TavianT xelmokleobaze mowuwune

patrebi ganuwyvetliv swerdnen saqarTvelodan romSi.

isini dauyonebliv SekeTebas moiTxovdnen Tbilisis ek-

lesisa da monastris, gorSi ki mxolod monastrisas. am

ukanasknelisaTvis patrebi 86 skuds moiTxovdnen. sul,

Tbilisisa da goris eklesia-monastrebisaTvis 346 sku-

di sWirdebodaT3.

am periodidan uxvad gvaqvs cnobebi qarTvel mefe-

Ta, did TavadTa, eklesiis ierarqebisa da sxvaTa kaTo-

1 Alonso C., Misioneros Agustions en Georgia (Siglo XVII), Valiadolid, 1978, p.

31-32. 2 xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, m. TamaraSvilis piradi

arqivi, #1101, f.71. 3 xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, m. TamaraSvilis piradi

arqivi, f. 10.

184

likobze gadasvlis Sesaxeb, magram isini simarTles ar

Seefereba.

mainc gamorCeulad bevria cnobebi qarTlis mefe

giorgi XI-is romTan urTierTobaze. dadgenilia, rom im

periodSi, rodesac igi epistolarul urTierTobaSi im-

yofeboda romis papTan, razec miuTiTebs m. TamaraSvil-

is mier gamoqveynebuli mimowera papTan1, 1677 wlidan

oficialurad aRiarebda islams.

misionerebis werilebidan Cans, rom mefe giorgi

kaTolikur rwmenas gaecno patri justino da livorn-

os meSveobiT da `maSinve moindoma SemoerTeba amadanis episkoposis, piqes saSualebiT. es episkoposi xSirad swerda amas (papi inokenti XI _ e.m.) Tqveni gulkeTilo-bis ambavs~2. 1686 wlis 25 oqtombers patri justino ga-

moTqvams imeds, rom kaTolikur rwmenaze moaqcvs mefe

giorgis3

igive misioneri gadmogvcems, rommefe giorgim hama-

danSi orjer gagzavna kaci da piqe TbilisSi moiwvia,

magram amis ganxorcieleba ver moxerxda. meored piqe

kidec apirebda Camosvlas, magram gardaicvala. werilis 1 qarTlis mefe giorgi XI-is werili pap inokent XI-s _ 1687

w. 29 aprili; misive werili `propaganda fides~ _ 1687 w.

29 aprili; kaTalikos eqvTimes werili imave paps _ 1687 w. 1

maisi; imave papis ori sapasuxo werili giorgi XI-s _ 1688 w. 4 maisi da 28 maisi; imave papis pasuxi imave arqiepiskoposs _

1688 w. 14 maisi; `propaganda fides~ werili imave mefes _

1688 w. 3 aprili. ix. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 263-273.


gv. 264. 3 Archivio della Sacra Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli,

Georgia, vol. 31, ff. 362r-362v. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 141.

185

mixedviT, 1686 w. 7 dekembers `mefem warmosTqva sarwmu-noebis aRsareba da Tan ficic dasdo, rom Tavis same-foc erTian daumorCilos Tqvens uwmindesobas~ – wers paps patri justino da livorno1.

justino goris misionis xelmZRvanelis dionizios

mier gaigzavna iranSi despanad. imave dros mefe giorgi

XI-is ndobis mandtiT is warmoadgenda qarTlis mefes

romis eklesiasTan gaerTianebisaTvis molaparakebis

dros. _ wers justino 1686 wlis 22 dekembers2.

justinos SeTanxmebac ki hqonebia mefe giorgis-

Tan da mis didebulebTan kaTolikoboze maTi moqcevi-

sa da romis eklesiasTan gaerTianebis Sesaxeb3.

mefe giorgisTan siaxlovis gamo, justinos mniSv-

nelovani gegma dausaxavs: misi fiqriT, misionerebi-

saTvis ukve ioli iqneboda osebSi SeRweva, radgan maTi

mravali sofeli giorgis eqvemdebareboda. mniSvnelo-

vani iyo isic, rom mis batoniSvils colad hyavda

Cerqezebis mTavris qaliSvili. amis Sesaxeb justino

esaubra mefe giorgis, romelic yvelaferze daTanxmda.

justinos ganuzraxavs misionebi daearsebina qarTlis

samefos yvela mniSvnelovan punqtSi _ TbilisSi, gor-

Si, alSi, sacicianoSi, saerisTavoebsa da somxiTSi. da-

earsebina misionebi giorgi mefis samflobeloebis ga-

reTac kerZod: loreSi, ganjaSi, SemaxaSi, kaxeTSi, qu-

TaisSi, raWaSi, guriaSi. yvela dasaxelebul olqebsa

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 264

2 Archivio della Sacra Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli,

Georgia, vol. 31, ff. 362r-362v. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 148. 3 iqve.

186

da qalaqebSi justinos umogzauria da kaTolikobas

avrcelebda1.

imave patris mixedviT, mefe giorgi cxra welze

meti xnis ganmavlobaSi aRiarebda islams, magram gareg-

nulad, moCvnebiT, mxolod imitom, rom mefoba SeenarCu-

nebina2. kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba uRiarebiaT, agreTve,

mefis Zmas, levans imave wlis 19 dekembers, arqiepiskop-

os eqvTime ratiSvils ki, 20 dekembers. sayuradReboa,

rom rogorc justino romSi acnobebda, giorgi mefis

mTavari mrCeveli misi Zma levani iyo.

giorgi XI-s didi survili hqonebia ebrZola ur-

wmunoebis winaaRmdeg, magram amisaTvis papis brZanebas

elodeboda. justino sTxovda paps: ès brZaneba iseTi iyos, rom iranis mefes araferi ewyinos, radgan ravde-nime weliwadia (giorgi XI _ e.m.) masTan kargad ver ar-is~. patr anjelos unda waeRo romSi justinos werili,

romelsac mefe Tavis elCad gzavnida. mas vrclad unda

euwyebina papisaTvis mefis yvela survili, mefes gan-

sakuTrebiT undoda, rom paps sxva qristiani mTavrebisa

da mefeebis msgavsad, isic romis eklesiis Svilad gamo-

ecxadebina3.

patrma anjelom romSi waiyvana swavlis gasagrZe-

leblad propagandis kolegiaSi, justino da livornos

erT-erTi saukeTeso mowafe, 19 wlis Tbiliseli Tava-

diSvili, solomon TumanianTi, `vinaidgan es im tomisaa, romlis mowodebac gansazRvra netar xsenebulma wminda onofrios kardinalma~. cnobilia, rom solomoni swav-

1 iqve, gv. 152. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 264. 3 iqve, gv. 265.

187

lis damTavrebis Semdeg kapucinebis monazoni gaxda,

magram misi saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb araviTari

cnoba ar arsebobs1.

patrma anjelom pap inokenti XI-s wauRo giorgi me-

fis mier imave wlis 29 aprils Sedgenili werili. mef-

es undoda Tavisi kaci gaegzavna romSi, `magram, Tu si-Sorisa da Tu gzis aRuracxveli gansacdelebis gamo ver gamovgzavneTo~, _ werda igi paps.

imis garda rac justinos werilSi iyo aRniSnuli,

giorgi mefe Tavis mxriv paps acnobebda, rom erTi vaJi

hyavs, saxelad bagrati, romelic unda gaxdes RvTisagan

kurTxeuli papis taxtis qveSevrdomi. amasTan erTad igi

gamosTqvams mzadyofnas papis mowodebisTanave Tavisi

mxedrobiT gamovides urwmunoTa winaaRmdeg sabZolvel-

ad: miuxadavad imisa, rom `Cven da Cveni samefo vemorCi-lebiT iranis mefes, _ wers giorgi XI, _ Tvinier misi brZanebisa araferi SegviZlia, garna msgavsad Tqvenis sayvarel Svilebisa, gvirgvinosan mefeebisa, romlebic mudam Jams, urwmunoebs ebrZvian da maTze imarjveben, Tqvenis locva-kurTxeviTa Cvenc vZlevT am urwmunoTa... netai RmerTma da RvTis mSobelma SegvaZlebinos, rom Cvenma samefomac migos ziani TqvenTa mterTa, Tqven gem-saxuroT da Tqven morCil mefeebTan erTad SeviaraR-deT. esec scaniT, rom Cveni samefo, Cveni brZanebis qveS myofni da mTeli Cveni saqarTvelos mxedroba mzad varT da moveliT Tqvens brZanebas; rasac Tqvenis loc-va-kurTxeviT gvibrZanebT, mzaTa varT SevasruloT~2.

1 iqve, gv. 266, 274. 2 iqve, gv. 267-268.

188

paps werili gaugzavna arqiepiskoposma eqvTime ra-

tiSvilma1. mefe giorgim toskanis grandukasac gaug-

zavna werili, romelic patrma anjelom florenciaSi

gadasca adresats. am werils ver miagno m. TamaraSvil-

ma2, amdenad ucnobia misi Sinaarsi.

papma da propaganda de fidem patr anjelos gamo-

atanes werilebi mefesa da arqiepiskoposTan, romleb-

Sic uqebdnen im mondomebas, romelsac isini amJRavneb-

dnen kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis gaZlierebisaTvis da da-

rigebas aZlevdnen kidev rogor unda eRvawaT am mimar-

TulebiT.

mefe giorgi, rogorc Cans, XVII saukunis qarTlis

mefeebis politikis gamagrZelebelia romTan mimarTeba-

Si da misi an justo livornoelis werilebi gagzavni-

li papTan an mis karze TiTqmis erTi Sinaarsisaa, miza-

nic erTia: qarTlSi ainteresebT papebis pozicia saqar-

Tvelos da iran-osmaleTis mimarT, SeiZleba Tu ara

raime saxis daxmarebis miReba damoukideblobis aRsad-

genad. misi diplomatiuri svlebi Zalian hgavs sxva me-

feebis mcdelobebs kaTolike misionerebis saSualebaT

hqonebodaT kavSiri romTan da dasavleT evropis sa-

xelmwifoebTan, riTac garkveuli gagebiT, axdendnen ze-

wolas mezobel saxelmwifoebze.

imisaTvis raTa, giorgi mefis gulwrfelobaSi dav-

rwmundeT, rom mas namdvilad ganzraxuli hqonda Tu

1 iqve, gv. 268-270. epizoduri cnobebiT SeiZleba vifiqroT,

rom toskanis hercogebTan kontaqtebi hqondaT qarTvel

politikosebs XVII saukuneSi. SeiZleba dasaxeldes kozimo

mesamis werili giorgi meTerTmetesTan, romelSic iTxovs

mefem yuradReba miaqcios somxebis mier devnili kaTolikeb-

is dacvas. iqve, gv. 261-262. 2 iqve, gv. 270.

189

ara yofiliyo WeSmariti kaTolike, man amisaTvis ro-

gorc mefem, axali rwmenis (es ukve mesame iyo: jer mar-

Tlmadidebloba, Semdeg islami, exla kaTolikoba) aRi-

areba im adamianis kurTxeviT moindoma, vinc papsa da

qarTlis mefes Soris Suamavlobda. savaraudoa, mefe

iTvaliswinebda episkopos piqes janmrTelobis mdgoma-

reobas da darwmunebuli iyo, rom is TbilisSi Camos-

vlas ver SeZlebda, amitomac moiTxovda (an ki moiTxov-

da?) misi kurTxeviT kaTolikobis miRebas. radgan

epikoposi mefes ver estumreboda da giorgi XI `ganzra-

xvis~ asrulebas ver SeZlebda misgan damoukidebeli

mizezis gamo, mas yovelTvis eqneboda Tavis gamarTle-

bis SesaZlebloba maT winaSe vinc mouTmenlad elodnen

misgan aseT nabijs. romeli sarwmunoeba iyo giorgi me-

fisTvis umTavresi, kargad gamoCnda dedofal mariamis

gardacvalebis gamo mowyobili samgloviaro ceremoni-

alis dros. giorgi eklesiaSi mivida. Cans, giorgis amg-

vari saqcieliT ukmayofiloni iyvnen yizilbaSebi. Sahma

Tavisi veziri aji alixani gamogzavna viTom qarTlis

mefisaTvis samZimris gadasacemad, sinamdvileSi mas da-

valebuli hqonda gaerkvia ratom gabeda muslimanma gi-

orgim qristianul eklesiaSi Sesvla. roca aji ali-

xanma aseTi kiTxviT mimarTa, man upasuxa: `radgan is qarTvelad daibada da saqarTveloSi cxovrobs, amitom ar egebis Tavisi qveynis wesCveulebebis mitoveba. gair-aneleba mas sruliadac ar ukrZalavs colis gamosati-reblad Sevides eklesiaSi~1.

kaTolike misionerebi yovelTvis saiamovnebiT da

siamayiT aRniSnavdnen qarTveli mefe-didebulebis yura-

dRebas maTi eklesiis mimarT. am mxriv gamonakliss ar

1 dionijo karli, Tbilisis aRwera // masalebi saqarTvelos

da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 29, Tbilisi, 1951, gv. 171.

190

warmoadgenda julio da kremona. is werda: `Cveni wmin-da eklesiis wiaRSi movidnen qarTvelebic da Turqebic1. mefe2 oTxjer movida CvenTan Tavisi gamoCenili swavlu-lebiT. garda amisa, yvelaze gamoCenili qarTveli swa-vlulebi modiodnen CvenTan cal calke, aseve yvelaze didgvarovani qalbatonebic; roca maT naxes Cveni kargad morTuli eklesia, lamazi sakurTxeveli da Se-saniSnavad dalagebuli da mowyobili garemoeba, yvela uklebliv adidebda ufals, gveubnebodnen, rom kaTo-likuri eklesia - es namdvili dedaa qristianebis, rom mxolod kaTolikeebi zrunaven WeSmaritad uflis dide-bis amaRlebisaTvis da misi kultis silamazisaTvis~3.

giorgi mefis mier islamis miRebis motivi Tavisi

Tanmdevi politikuri SedegebiT, marTlmadidebeli mo-

saxleobisaTvis gasagebi iyo. imasac hqonda mniSvnelo-

ba, rom muslimani mefeebis mmarTvelobis garkveuli

tradiciac ukve arsebobda. aseT viTarebaSi giorgi ax-

dilad islamis uaryofas ver gabedavda, radgan mis

mier islamis miReba SahTan urTierTobis gaumjobese-

basTan iyo dakavSirebuli. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom

Sahis kari, marTalia, mogvianebiT zogjer aseve poli-

tikuri mosazrebiT, saqarTveloSi kaTolikebis damcve-

ladac gamodioda, magram igi qarTlis taxtze kaToli-

ke mefes ver Seegueboda4. Sahi suleiman I (1666-1694),

1 albaT, zogadad muslimebi.

2 igulisxmeba qarTlis mefe giorgi XI.

3 Archivio di Propaganda Fide. Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Georgia 1626-

1707. Vol. I, ff. 417r-418v. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 178. 4 gansxvavebuli mosazreba ix. papaSvili m., saqarTvelo romis

urTierTobaVI-XX ss., gv. 220.

191

qarTlis mefesTan daZabuli urTierTobis pirobebSi

verc imas dauSvebda, rom giorgi mefes Tavis samefo

romis papisaTvis daemorCilebina. maSasadame, darwmune-

biT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTlis mefes seriozulad

ar ganuzraxavs amgvari nabijis gadadgma. mis mier weri-

lebSi gamoTqmuli dapirebebi mxolod samefo kars ar

scildeboda da misi winamorbedi mefeebis mier gagzav-

nil dapirebebTan da werilebTan erTad uSedegod ile-

qeboda vatikanis arqivebSi.

saqarTveloSi da mis garSemo arsebuli politiku-

ri situaciis analizi, ar iZleva imis Tqmis safuZvels

(Tu mxolod kaTolike misionerebis relaciebs ar mi-

viCnevT ucilobel WeSmaritebad), rom mefe giorgi XI-m

TiTqos kaTolikoba aRiara da misi droindeli qarTu-

li sazogadoebis mowinave nawilic amisi momxre iyo. m.

papaSvilma giorgi XI-is `gakaTolikebasTan~ dakavSire-

biT, gamoTqva seriozuli mosazrebani da isini ga-

navrco saqarTvelo-romis mravalsaukunovan urTierTo-

baze. amitom aucileblad mimaCnia jer gavecnoT mkvlev-

ris argumentebs da Semdeg gavarkvioT ramdenad Seesa-

bameba isini istoriul sinamdviles. amgvari ganxilva

aucilebelia imdenad, ramdenadac igi gamoxatavs CvenSi

TiTqmis gabatonebul Sexedulebas saqarTvelos romTan

urTierTobis mizezebsa da Sedegebze.

m. papaSvilis mixedviT, giorgi XI-m upiratesoba

mianiWa `kaTolikur doqtrinebs~, radgan `kaTolikoba misTvis mowinaveobas niSnavda. igi iyo saSualeba dasav-leTis civilizaciasTan ziarebisa. misionerebTan mWid-ro kavSirSi myofma mefem, albaT, kargad gaarkvia, Tu raSi mdgomareobda centralizebuli da erovnuli ev-ropuli saxelmwifoebis simtkice. amasTan kavSirSi gio-rgi XI-s SeeZlo daenaxa, kaTolikobis siZliere da is-ic, Tu ra sargeblobis motana SeeZlo eklesiaTa gaer-

192

Tianebasa da romis papis uzenaesobis aRiarebas. Tu ga-viTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom imdroindeli qarT-veli marTlmadidebeli saeklesio pirebi didad Camor-Cebodnen kaTolike misionerebs saRvTismetyvelo codna-Si (amis Sesaxeb mravali wyaro gagvaCnia), safiqrebelia, qveynis mesveurebis mier kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis mi-Reba xSir SemTxvevaSi gamowveuli yofiliyo kaToli-kuri doqtrinebis upiratesobis aRiarebiT. migvaCnia, rom am momentis gamoricxva ar iqneboda swori. sxva SemTxvevaSi gaugebaria ratom kaTolikdebodnen qrTve-li marTlmadidebeli sasuliero pirebi, an ratom ar gamodioda qarTuli eklesia Teologiurad kaTolikeb-is winaaRmdeg~1.

ganvixiloT mkvlevaris mier wamoyenebuli debule-

bebi:

1) giorgi XI-is kontaqtebi romis papTan da mowi-

nave evropasTan politikuri da kulturuli kavSiris

damyarebis didi surviliT iyo ganpirobebuli. igi ka-

Tolikur evropas saidumlod da ara axdilad pirde-

boda imas rasac misgan igive evropelebi moiTxovdnen.

magram am moTxovnis dakmayofilebis arc survili da

arc SesaZlebloba mas ar gaaCnda. politikuri mosazre-

biT cru dapirebis micema an TvalTmaqcoba, maSindeli

diplomatiisTvisac sruliad misaRebad iTvleboda.

2) ra Tqma unda, mefe misionerebisagan iRebda in-

formacias evropis kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebis poli-

tikuri da samxedro mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, magram mas

Zalian gauZneldeboda imis dajereba, rom maTi siZlie-

ris wyaro kaTolikoba iyo. es is periodia, rodesac

imave evropaSic ki bevrs ara mxolod eWvi epareboda ka-

Tolikobis universalobaSi, kaTolikuri dogmebis sis-

1 papaSvili m., saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba, gv. 225-226.

193

woresa da eklesiis organizaciaSi, aramed sisxlic

daiRvara papisa da misi saxelmwifos pretenziebisagan

Tavis dasaRwevad.

kaTolike misionerebis garda arsebobda informa-

ciis mopovebis sxva wyaroebic. daujerebelia, rom XVII

saukuneSi gamoqveynebuli antikaTolikuri literatu-

ris nawili mainc ar aRwevda saqarTvelomde. sxvaTa

Soris, amgvari literaturis gamravleba-gavrcelebaSi

didi wvlili SehqondaT swored antikaTolikuri saqmi-

anobiT saxelganTqmul ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeos

II-s da mis aRzrdil anTimoz iveriels, giorgi XI-is

Tanamedroveebs (mefe giorgi piradad icnobda patriarq

dosiTeoss). qarTuli stambis daarsebis mTavari miza-

nic, Tavdapirvelad antikaTolikuri literaturis qar-

Tulad gamocema iyo, magram es ganzraxva im dros ar

ganxorcielda. isic saintereso unda iyves, rom stambis

daarsebis erT-erTi iniciatori giorgi XI iyo1.

3) rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis msaxurTa Camor-

Cenilobisa da maT mier qristianuli dogmebis araswo-

rad Sesrulebas da zogjer ugulebelyofasac ki, marT-

lac sakmaod gagvaCnia ucxouri cnobebi. magram maT xe-

laRebiT gaziareba ar SeiZleba. aucileblad unda gavi-

TvaliswinoT vin da ratom akritikebda qarTul eklesi-

as, ra miznebi amoZravebda maT? amgvar cnobebs avrcel-

ebdnen saqarTveloze TavianTi gavlenis gavrcelebis

mosurne ucxo eklesiebis meTaurebi (romis papi Tavisi

misionerebis saSualebiT, antioqiis patriarqi makarios

III da ierusalimis patriarqebi _ Teofanis III da dosi-

Teos II, ruseTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi). marTlac

bevri ram qarTuli saeklesio wes-Cveulebebisa gansxvav-


istoriidan, gv. 103-113.

194

deboda romaul-kaTolikuri da berZnul-marTlmadideb-

lurisagan, magram es srulebiT ar niSnavda maTs upira-

tesobas qarTul eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi. saqarTvelo-

dan romSi gagzavnili werilebidan xom mainc Cans rom

qarTvelebi yovelTvis icavdnen qarTuli eklesiis sima-

rTlesa da TviTmyofadobas.

4) gamiZneldeba gavixseno Tundac erTi qarTveli

saeklesio moRvawe, romelmac kaTolikoba aRiara da

Semdeg am rwmenis gavreceleba-gaZlierebisaTvis raime

moimoqmeda. maT mier kaTolikobis aRiareba (sakiTxavia,

sinamdvileSi aRiares Tu ara), magram Tu aseTi ram mox-

deboda (raSic ar var darwmunebuli) garkveuli poli-

tikuri motiviT, mas asaidumloebdnen da ucnobi iyo

adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobisaTvis1.

1 safuZvels moklebulia m. TarxniSvilis mier kaTolike

misionerebis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis im mxaris Sefaseba,

romlis mixedviTac, TiTqos, `XII-dan XIX saukunemde mision-erebma xalxis didi masa, bevri Tavadi, episkoposi da daax-

loebiT 12 mefe Semates kaTolikur eklesias. mTlianad Se-

erTeba romTan, samwuxarod, mudmivi politikuri areulobis gamo ar moxerxda~. TarxniSvili m., qristianoba saqarTve-

loSi // werilebi, Tb. 1994, gv. 43.

kiTxvis niSnebs badebs n. papuaSvilis mosazreba, TiT-

qos àsea Tu ise, Cven dabejiTebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom uniam da uniatobam saqarTveloSi, saberZneTisa da aRmosav-

leT evropisagan gansxvavebiT, fexi ver moikida. am mimarTu-

lebiT nikifore irubaqiZis (irbaqis), sulxan-saba orbeli-anis, anton kaTalikosisa da sxvaTa cdebs, wm. basilis wes-

debis safuZvelze (e.i. berZnul-marTlmadidebluri tradi-

ciis datovebiT, am tradiciisaTvis xelis Sexebis gareSe)

gaekaTolikebinaT saqarTvelo, warmateba ar mohyva. saqarT-

veloSi ZiriTadad... laTinuri wesis kaTolikoba dainerga.

es eklesia aq gansakuTrebiT XVII s-s damdegidan gaaqtiur-

195

5) arsebuli cnobebidan ar Cans, rom qarTveli

samRvdeloeba Teologiurad ar epaeqreboda kaTo-

likebs, magram, praqtikulad rom zRudavda maT

moqmedebas, amis Sesaxeb misionerebs xmamaRla gac-

xadeba ar undodaT, magram maTs werilebSi mainc gamo-

Cnda zogierTi momenti, romlebic mniSvnelovani da-

skvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva. XVIII saukuneSi

romisadmi, rogorc mokavSirisa da damcvelisadmi ime-

dis gacruebam kaTolikobisadmi namdvili damokidebu-

lebac gamoamJRavna.

***

giorgi XI-ze saubrisas, aucileblad unda aRin-

iSnos ra gaakeTa man, `muslimanma~ an `kaTolikem~, qar-

Tuli kulturisa da marTlmadidebeli qristianobisa-

Tvis.

`qarTuli ena rom iranuli sityvebiT ar Seryvni-liyo da namdvili qarTuli ucxourisagan gaerCiaT, di-di qarTuli leqsikonis Sedgenas mihyves xeli. giorgi XI-is winadadebiT amgvari Sroma gamoCenilma qarTvelma mweralma da moRvawem saba-sulxan orbelianma Seadgina, romelsac man 30 weli moandoma~1. giorgi mefe saqarTve-

loSi aRar imyofeboda, yandaharis beglarbegi iyo, ro-

da. mis mxareze arcTu iSviaTad mefe-mTavrebi, episkoposebi

da warmoidgineT, kaTalikosebic gadadiodnen. es ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTveloze, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelo-

zec iTqmis~. papuaSvili n., dasax. naSr., gv. 5. 1 javaxiSvili iv., damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris XVIII saukuneSi, Tbilisi, 1919, gv. 3; javaxiSvili iv.,

qarTveli eris istoria, xuT tomad, t. V, Tbilisi, 2013, gv.

62.

196

desac dainteresda sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonis

Sevseba-gasworebiT1.

cnobilia, rom mefe giorgi XI-m gamoisyida samc-

xeSi dagiravebuli goreli marTlmadideblebis saTayva-

nebeli oqonis xati, ris Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs vaxuS-

ti batoniSvili2, magram ar aris cnobili vin daagirava

igi. arsebobs varaudi, rom radgan xati giorgi XI-m

gamoisyida, igi masve unda daegiravebinao3. giorgi mefe

maSin, rodesac is xats abrunebs gorSi, winandelTan

SedarebiT, seriozul finansur gaWirvebas ganicdida,

exla iranis Sahis samsaxurSia da mas ukve imdeni SesaZ-

lebloba aqvs, rom SeuZlia 2 aTasi TumniT daexmaros

ierusalimis wminda adgilebs _ golgoTasa da jvris

monasters da gamoisyidos oqonis xatic, romlis dasax-

snelad didZali Tanxa gadaixada. mefem xati gaugzavna

qarTlis janiSin (gamgebel) vaxtangs (SemdegSi vaxt-

ang VI). movusminoT vaxuSti batoniSvils: `kualad war-mogzavna xati oqonisa da nawilni da juarni, romeli windad eyo samcxes da mesxman man mun miuRo yovelni da mefeman mas mianiWna uzomoni niWni. xolo vaxtangs ra mouTualna nawilni da xati oqonisa, TTuesa ivlis-

sa l~ganuwesa dResaswauli~4.

1 gabaSvili v., sulxan-saba orbeliani rogorc diplomati // sulxan-saba orbeliani. 1658-1958, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 65

2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis

cxovreba, IV, gv. 482. 3 alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan

// eqvTime TayaiSvilis saxelobis saqarTvelos saistorio

sazogadoeba. afxazeTis organizacia, saistorio Ziebani, XII,

2013-2015, gv. 38-39, 44. 4 vaxuSti batoniSvili // vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis

cxovreba, IV, gv. 482-483.

197

oqonis xatis daxsnaze mogviTxrobs giorgi XI-is

asomTavruli warwera1, romelic ganTavsebulia xatis

budis sisqeze: `w. RvTisa sityvao, xatisa Senisa Ãsnisa-Tvis, kacTaTÂs, mimRebelo xatisa amisa amis Senisa, trfialebaTa maT mier mamkobeli, mefeT mefe giorgi, numca viqcevi Sengan sircxÂleuli~.

1677 wlidan `gamuslimanebuli~ giorgi XI-isTvis

rom Cveulebrivi iyo qarTuli siwmindeebis dacva da

patronoba, amaze saintereso cnobebi dagvitova ierusa-

limis patriarqma dosiTeos II-m vaxtang VI-saTvis

gagzavnil epistoleebSi2. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa

giorgi mefis 1681 wlis `wigni es marTali da WeSma-riti, Cuengan mirTmeuli~ dosiTeosisadmi. masSi CamoT-

vlilia is Tanxebi da saqoneli, romelic ierusalimis

patriarqisaTvis unda gadaecaT ierusalimis qarTuli

monastrebis valebis dasafarad3. giorgi mefes arc

SemdegSi dauklia yuradReba ierusalimis qarTuli siw-

mindeebisaTvis. rogorc aRiniSna, man ierusalimSi war-

gzavna ori aTasi Tumani golgoTisa da juarisa mona-

stris Sesamkobad, Semdeg ki, Tavisi Zmiwulis, damianes

(domenti) xeliT `movaleebisagan datyvevebuli jvris

1 mogvianebiT e. TayaiSvilma Seicvala azri da fiqrobda,

rom warwera ekuTvnoda giorgi V brwyinvales. Такаишвили Е.,

Оконский образ Распятия // Материали для археологии Кавказа, т.

XII, Москва, 1909, с. 117-131, rasac ewinaaRmdegeba vaxuStis

Txzulebis citirebuli adgili da TviT xatis warweris Sinaarsi.

2 mamisTvalisvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), Tbilisi, 2008. gv. 207, 225, 226. 3 Акты собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Комиссиею, I, Ти-

флис, 1866, с. 26-27; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusa-limis urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 200-201.

198

monastris dasaxsneli Sesawiravis~ gagzavniT1. ase rom

mefe giorgi XI-isaTvis Cveulebrivi iyo qarTul siwmin-

deebze zrunva. man uyuradReboda ar datova qarTuli

kulturis genialur Zegli _ misi brZanebiT 1680 wels

begTabeg TaniSvilma gadawera da lamazad gaaforma

`vefxistyaosani~2.

giorgi XI-is warweris bolo fraza, romliTac igi

oqonis xats SeTxovs: `numca viqcevi Sengan sircxÂleu-li~, ar niSnavs imas, rom man daagirava xati da amis gamo scxvenia3. mas awuxebda is, rom politikuri mosaz-

rebiT gamuslimanda.

vfiqrob, warweris zusti daTariRebac SeiZleba.

Sah suleimanma, rogorc iTqva, 1677 wels giorgi mefe

gaamuslimana, Sahnavaz-xani uwoda da qarTlis mefed

daniSna. Ggiorgim amis Semdeg gaakeTa yvela is saqris-

tiano saqme, romlebic zemoT CamovTvale. rodesac Sah-

ma huseinma giorgis spasalaroba da yandaaris beglar-

begoba uboZa da avRanelebis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTa-

uroba daavala, man Tavis ZmisSvilis, vaxtang levanis

Zis qarTlis janiSinad daniSvna moiTxova. mefis Txovna

Seiwynares da vaxtangi qarTlSi gamogzavnes 1703 wels.

TviTon giorgi ki amis Semdeg male Seudga avRRaneTSi

movaleobis Sesrulebas. am wels mefe giorgim janiSin

vaxtangs `mouTualna nawilni da xati oqonisa~. maSasa-dame, vaxuSti batoniSvilis Tanaxmad giorgi mefem vax-

tangs iranidan ki ar gamougzavna, aramed piradad, 1703

1 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi. XVII-XIX ss., Tbilisi,

1980, gv. 45. 2 amiranaSvili s., saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva dros gatanili

samuzeumo ganZeuloba da mis dabruneba, gv. 14, 16. 3 alimbaraSvili i., oqonis xatebisa da taZrebis istoriidan,

gv. 38-39.

199

wels iranSi `miuTvalna~ (miakuTvna) xati da, buneb-

rivia, warwerac, rogorc Cans, imave dros iqve gaukeTes.

mefe giorgi XI, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi oficia-

lurad muslimanad iTvleboda, did yuradRebas iCenda

marTlmadidebluri eklesiisadmi. man 1681 wels gaafor-

ma xelSekruleba da sakmaod didi Tanxebic gaiRo ier-

usalimSi davalianebuli qarTuli monastrebis vale-

bidan dasaxsnelad da Sesabamisi xelSekrulebac gaa-

forma ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeos II-sTan1. sxvaTa

Soris, patriarqi dosiTeosi kategoriulad uaryofda

giorgi XI-is mier kaTolikobis miRebas. dosiTeosis ga-

dmocema miT ufro gasaziarebelia, Tu gaviTvaliswi-

nebT giorgi mefis laTinebis saziano saqmianobas2. qar-

Tlis mefe Tavisi moqmedebiT abaTilebda mis gakaToli-

kebasTan dakavSirebiT gavrcelebul azrs.

dosiTeoss unaxavs, saqarTvelodan gagzavnili we-

rili, romliTac paps acnobebdnen giorgi XI-sa da ka-

Talikos eqvTime ratiSvilis gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb.

dosiTeosi Tavis ìerusalimis patriarqebis istoriaSi~ ambobs: `me 1688 w. gavxseni iezuitebis (misionerebi-e.m.) werili, romelSic romaels (papi inokenti XI-e.m.) acno-bebdnen, rom maT ukve moaqcies papizmze (kaTolikobaze

1 Акты собранные Кавказскою Архeографическою Комисиeю, т. 1, Ти-

флис, 1866, с. 26-27. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 592-594). mamisTvaliSvili e, saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTo-

bis istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), gv. 125, 126, 200. 2 SemdegSi vrclad aRiniSneba, giorgi XI-is anderZis Sesaxeb,

romelSic is patriarq dosiTeoss qarTlis samefodan la-

Tinebs garekvas da TbilisSi maTi eklesiis jvarismamisa-

Tvis gadacemas hpirdeboda. mamisTvalisvili e., saqarTve-

lo-ierusalimis urTierTobis istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), gv.

224-226.

200

- e.m.) mefe da samRvdeloebis meTaurebi, rac yovelmxriv sruli tyuilia~1.

werili, romelzec patriarqi dosiTeosi laparak-

obs, unda ekuTvnodes patr justino da livornos2, ro-

mlis Sinaarss zemoT ukve gavecaniT

`muslimani~ erekle I da marTlmadidebloba

erekle I, qarTlis mefe (1688-1703), Teimuraz I-is

SviliSvili, batoniSvili daviTis vaJi.

ruseTis karma 1649 wels Teimuraz I-saTvis daxma-

rebis gawevis sanacvlod moiTxova erekles moskovSi

gagzavna àRsazrdelad~. Teimurazi, sxvadasxva mizeziT

cdilobda ar Seesrulebina xelmwifis moTxovna. rode-

sac cnobili gaxda batoniSvili erekles mosalodneli

gagzavnis Sesaxeb moskovSi, amas mohyva erekle mefis

isedac gaWirvebuli mdgomareobis gauareseba. gaRizi-

anebulma yizilbaSebma gaaxSires kaxeTze Tavdasxmebi.

qarTlis mefe rostom mefesTan da SahTan dakavSirebu-

lma odiSis mTavrma levan II dadianma kaxeT-ruseTis

urTierTobis gaumjobesebisaTvis xelis SesaSlelad

TviTonac moiTxova erekle mZevlad. batoniSvilis mos-

kovSi gagzavnis gasaWianureblad Teimuraz mefe Tavis

cud finansur da politikurad rTul mdgomareobas imi-

zezebda. is moskovis xelmwife mixeil Tedores Zes sxva-

dasxva dros gagzavnili werilebSi swored am prob-

lemebze amaxvilebda yuradRebas.

1652 wlis agvistoSi ymawvili erekle da misi deda

elene Teimurazma moskovSi gagzavna. erekle, faTeraki-

1 iqve, gv. 198. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 264-266.

201

ani mgzavrobis Semdeg, ruseTis sataxtoSi Cavida 1653

wlis 27 dekembers1.

Teimuraz mefe, romelsac erekle/nikolozis meti

memkvidre aRar eguleboda, ruseTis xelmwifesTan mis

gagzavnasTan dakavSirebuli imedi ar gaumarTlda da

1 moskovSi erekles miRebisa da misi iq cxovrebis Sesaxeb

ix. tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi, Tbilisi, 1959, gv.

107-166. ix. agreTve: aleqsi ievlevis 1650-1652 ww. imereTis

samefosi elCobis saangariSo aRweriloba (`muxlobrivi aR-

weriloba~), rusuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT da xelna-

werebis mimoxilviT gamosacemad moamzada iase cincaZem.

Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 177, 178; Полиевктов М .А., К вопросу об автор-

стве статейного списка `С~ // ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis saq-

arTvelos filialis moambe, I, #1, 1940, gv. 69, 73-74; Армяно-

русские отношения в XVII веке // Сборник документов под ред.

проф. В. А. Парсамяна, Ереван, 1953, с. 21; cincaZe i., ruseT-saq-

arTvelos urTierTobis warsulidan // saqarTvelos ssr me-cnierebaTa akademiis iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis insti-

tutis Sromebi, I, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 255, 265; Месхия Ш. А.,

Цинцадзе Я. З., Из истории русско-грузинских отношении X-XVIII

вв., Тбилиси, 1958, с. 75, 79; berZeniSvili n., XVII s. saqarTvel-

os istoriidan // saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbi-

lisi, 1965, gv. 151; paiWaZe g., masalebi ruseT-saqarTvelos

urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (1652-1658) // `saistorio moambe~,

19-20, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 445. 446. 459-461; Накашидзе Н., Грузино-

русские политические отношения первой половине XVII века, Тб.,

1968, с. 178,192; toloCanovis imereTSi elCobis muxlobrivi

aRweriloba, 1650-1652 ww. rusuli teqsti qarTuli Targma-niT da xelnawerebis mimoxilviT gamosacemad moamzada iase

cincaZem. Tbilisi, 1970, gv. 33-35, 39-41. 51-54. 75-84, 136, 138;

nakaSiZe n., wiwamuridan baxtrionamde, Tbilisi, 1978, gv. 188,

191; tivaZe T., masalebi saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri

istoriisaTvis XVII s-is meore naxevarSi, `saistorio moam-

be~, t. 45-46, Tbilisi, 1982, gv. 21, #14.

202

cdilobda raime saSualebiT igi saqarTveloSi daebru-

nebina. Teimurazi 1659 w. 18 seqtembris sigeliT mefe

aleqsi miqelis Zes moskovSi acnobebda, rom saqarTve-

loSi imyofeboda ierusalimis patriarqi, romelsac

sTxova eSuamdgomla ruseTis xelmwifis winaSe, raTa

saqarTveloSi daebrunebina Teimurazis SviliSvili ere-

kle. patriarqma miiRo misi Txovna da Savi zRviT

gaemgzavra ruseTs. imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-em pat-

riarqs gaayola Tavisi elCi, romelsac igive Txovna un-

da moexsenebina rusT xelmwifisaTvis1.

sainteresoa, paisiosma, arcTu janmrTelma adamian-

ma, ratom itvirTa aseTi rTuli (rogorc politikuri

ise fizikuri TvalsazrisiT) davalebis Sesruleba. sa-

fiqrebelia, paisiosi dainteresda ori mosazrebiT. ere-

kle/nikolozis moskovidan wamoyvaniT qarTlis samefo

taxtze marTlmadidebeli qristianis gamefebis Sansi

Cndeboda, rasac ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis didi

mniSvneloba hqonda. patriarqs, ufliswulis gamo, kidev

erTxel eZleoda sababi moskovSi wasvlisa. patriarqi

erTxel ukve, 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi iyo ruseTis sa-

taxtoSi mefeze zegavlenis mosaxdenad, raTa is daxma-

reboda bogdan xmelnickis meTaurobiT ukrainaSi po-

loneTis winaaRmdeg dawyebul gamaTavisuflebel brZo-

las. viTareba sagangaSo iyo ruseTisaTvis, radgan bog-

dan xmelnicki yirimis xans daukavSirda, rasac SeiZle-

boda saxanos gaZliereba gamoewvia. patriarqis gegmaSi

ki, saxanos ganadgureba da, amis Sedegad osmaleTis

dasusteba Sedioda. magram maSin paisioss uari uTxres

1 saiTiZe g., masalebi saqarTvelo-ruseTis diplomatiuri ur-

TierTobis istoriisaTvis (XVII saukunis 50-iani wlebi) // `qarTuli diplimatia”, weliwdeuli, 5, Tbilisi, 1998, gv. 138-

139.

203

aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcielebaze im motiviT, rom ru-

seTs poloneTTan dadebuli hqonda `mudmivi zavi”1.

1662 wels erekle dabrunda saqarTveloSi da sca-

da kaxeTis taxtis daufleba. mas TuSebi da kaxelebi

exmarebodnen. vaxtang V Sahnavazma erekles winaaRmdeg

gagzavna qarTlis jari. ereklem da misma deda elenem

Tavi Seafares TorRvas cixes. Sahnavazma mas alya Semo-

artya. elenes TxovniT Sahnavazma erekle TuSeTSi gauS-

va kaxeTi ki TviTon daipyro. amis Semdeg qarTlis me-

fem Sah-abas II-sTan SeTanxmebiT Tavisi ufrosi vaJi

arCili dasva kaxeTis taxtze. erekle amis Semdegac

cdilobda kaxeTSi gamefebas, magram warumateblad. ima-

ve wels is iZulebuli gaxda moskovSi dabrunebuliyo,

sadac kidev 10 weli gaatara.

1674 wels erekle dabrunda kaxeTSi, sadac mas kv-

lav mxari dauWires kaxelebma da TuSebma. amjerad Sah-

ma suleiman sefim (1666-1694), gaiTvaliswina kariskacebis

rCeva da erekle kaxeTis mefed daniSna. Sahma erekles

kaxeTis taxtis sanacvlod gamuslimaneba moTxova. erek-

le Tavs ikavebda. erekle I, vidre qristianad darCenis

minimaluri Sansi arsebobda, mtkiced icavda marTlma-

dideblobas. igi, misive sityvebiT, warmogvidgeba, ro-

gorc udreki patrioti da qristianobis damcveli: `... me imisaTvis ki ar wavedi mis udidebulesobasTan, iranis SahTan, rom Zalauflebis miRebisaTvis sarwmunoeba ga-momecvala, aramed RmerTs vevedrebodi da msurda, Cemi samflobelo moeca im xalxis jibrze, romlebic same-

fos misaRebad Sahis udidebulesobasTan TviTon midi-

odnen Tavisi rjulis Sesacvlelad. Tu RmerTi ar Se-

meweva Cemi miwa-wylis miRebaSi, an qristianuli sarw-

1 Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с

русским правительством (1669-1707 гг), СПб., 1895, с. 363-365.

204

munoebis gulisaTvis Sahis udidebulesobisagan raime Zaldataneba meqneba, me mzada var, qristes gulisaTvis movkvde, raTa aseTi sulmokleni amis danaxviT daisa-jon. Tu RmerTi ar Semeweva, Cemi sikvdiliT mainc gzas vuCveneb maT, Cems gvars da qristianul sarwmunoebas ki Sesagineblad ar mivcem...~1.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, frangi mogzauris Jo-

zef piton turenforis naTqvami erekle I-ze SeiZleba

gavigoT, rogorc qarTveli mefis mier kaTolikobisa da

islamisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatva da ara romelime ma-

Tganis upiratesobis aRiareba marTlmadideblobis mi-

marT. ai ras wers turnefori: `mefe (erekle I - e.m.)

orive religias aRiarebso: dadis meCeTSic, xolo roca

kapuCinebTan salocavad midis, misi uwmindesobis papis

sadRegrZelos svamso~2. ra Tqma unda, erekle I-is amg-

vari moqmedeba misi uprincipobis maCvenebeli ki ar iyo,

aramed Seqmnili situaciidan gamosavlis Ziebis Sedegi.

erekle I da misi drois feodaluri elitis warmomad-

genlebi rom islams iRebdnen pragmatuli mosazrebiT

(igive azri unda gavavrceloT XVII-XVIII saukuneTa aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos yvela `gamuslimanebul~ mefeze), kargad Cans imave turneforis sxva cnobidan. am frangi mecnier-mogzauris mixedviT, islamis moqmedebis areali imdenad iyo Sekvecili TbilisSi, qarTlis samefos de-daqalaqSi, sadac yvelaze meti muslimanebi iyvnen, rom Tbilisis cixeSi arsebuli minareTidan muezini veraso-des ver bedavda moewodebina morwmuneebisaTvis salo-

1 citirebulia: tivaZe T., saqarTvelo da ruseT-iranis urTi-

erToba XVII s. meore naxevarSi, gv. 168-169. 2 turenfori J. p. de, mogzauroba aRmosavleTis qveynebSi.

frangulidan Targmna, Sesavali da komentarebi daurTo m.

mgalobliSvilma, Tbilisi, 1988, gv. 61.

205

cavad. Tu is amas gabedavda qristiani mosaxleoba qvebs dauSenda1.

gvaqvs erekle batoniSvilis yazvinSi yofnis peri-

odis amsaxveli ramdenime saintereso cnoba, saidanac

Cans, rom is cdilobda dakavSireboda roms, raTa Tavi-

dan aecilebina muslimanad gaxdoma.

kapuCini misioneri juzepe antonio romanos mier

Tbilisidan 1675 wlis 15 agvistos wm. kongregacia “de

propaganda fides” erT-erTi kardinalisadmi gagzavnil

werilSi aRniSnulia: `roca [iranis] samefo karze2 ere-

kle, saqarTvelos namdvili memkvidre, im Teimurazis

SviliSvili, romelmac pap urban VIII araerTi werili

gaugzavna3..., moskovidan Camovida. moskovis mxardaWeriT

is Camovida da iTxovs imas, rom misi samefos saTaveSi

daayenon; pirvelad, roca is miiwvies mefesTan maSinve

miiwvies Rirsi mama piskopoc~4.

naxiCevanis vikariusi franCesko piskopo papma kle-

mente X-m (1670-1676) iranis Sahis suleiman I-is karze

gagzavna. papis davalebiT mas unda moegvarebina naxiCe-

vanis kaTolikeTa valisa da kaTolikur da grigori-

anul eklesiaTa gaerTianebis sakiTxebi. Sahma miiwvia

piskopo. sazeimo miRebas eswreboda erekle batoniSvi-

li. savaraudoa, ceremonialis dros, gauCda erekles

idea franCesko piskopos saSualebiT Sesuliyo romis

1 iqve. 2 igulisxmeba, sparseTis Sahis karze. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 95, 108, 120-121, 151-152; TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia

dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 427-428, 458-459, 566, Sen. 2. 4 evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 69.

206

eklesiis wiaRSi1. romis papis saxiT batoniSvili Sei-

Zenda mokavSires, romelsac SeeZlo gavlena moexdina

Sahze. rgorc varaudobs m. papaSvili, `kaTolikobisadmi midrekiT mas SeiZleba surda SahisaTvis, romelic srulad iwynarebda imperiis teritoriaze kaTolike misionerebs, eCvenebina, rom zurgi aqcia marTlmadideb-el ruseTs, emxroba iranis karis dasavlur kurss da Tavisi gakaTolikebiT meti sargeblobis motana SeuZ-lia Sahis karisaTvis, vidre gamuslimebiT. sakuTriv ki, kaTolikobaze gadasvliT isev qristianad rCeboda~2.

juzepe antonio romano erekle batoniSvils dau-

axlovda mas Semdeg rac, man avadmyofobisagan gankur-

na batoniSvili da misi mTeli kari (daaxloebiT asi

adamiani) erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. madlierma ereklem

justinos saqarTveloSi dasabruneblad gzis fuli mis-

ca. gamgzavrebis win patrma erekles `samaxsovro bara-

Ti~ dautova, romelSic ewera: `misi saxelmwifos [saq-arTvelos] erT-erT provinciaSi papis taxti adgi-lobrivi qristianebis samsaxurisaTvis flobs saxls, venaxs da miwas. am qonebis CvenTvis daubrunebloba misi mTavruli RirsebisaTvis Seuferebeli iqneboda~. erek-

lem xelsayrelad CaTvala esargebla SemTxveviT da

justinos `gulTbilad~ upasuxa: roca Tavisi qveynis

dasaxelebul provinciebs flobda, maSin iq misionerebi

ar imyofebodnen da amdenad mas raime valdebuleba ar

hqonda maT winaSe, magram misionerebi Tu Sahs Caagoneb-

1 Raguaglio del Viaggio fatto da’Padri dell’Oriente de’Predicatori, inviati della

Sagra Congregazione de Propaganda Fide. Missionari Apostolici nella

Tartarie Minore l’anno 1662. Aggiuntavi la nuova spedizione del P. Maestro

Fra’ Francesco Piscopo in Armenia e Persia. Napoli, 1695, pp. 311-328 2 evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis uka-naskneli meoTxedi), gv. 62.

207

en, rom erekles Tavis samefo daubrunos, maSin is maT

daubrunebda yvela qonebas1. amasTanave, erekle batoni-

Svilma gamoTqva survili: `Tu aq ori axali misioneri Camova _ erTi eqimi, meore qirurgi, maSin is Tavisi sa-xlisa da karisaTvis wamlebis SesaZenad maT weliwadSi regularulad 100 skudos gadauxdida. amis Sesaxeb mas unda Cvens baton paps misweros~. justinom pasuxis ga-

cemisagan Tavi Seikava, umjobesad miiaCnia dalodeboda

Sahis karis gadawyvetilebas2.

vidre erekle mtkiced idga mamapapaTa sarwmunoeba-

ze, Sahma suleimanma mas SesTavaza: `mogcem kaxeTs, Tbi-liss, mTels saqarTvelos da yovelives Tergidan vid-

re araqsamde, _ es iranis erTi mexuTedia. me ganiWeb ispaanis daragis3 wodebas da Senc imdensave jamagirs mogcem, ramdensac Sahnavaz-xans vaZlevdi. mxolod sTq-

vi: erTia alahi da mahmadi misi winaswarmetyveli. sTqvi, rom Rebulob Cvvens rjuls, raTa aRsruldes sityva Cemi, raTa ar mkicxavdnen garemo saxelmwifoTa mefeni imis gamo, rom miwa, romelsac floben musulmanebi, me qristians vuboZe. xolo, roca saqarTveloSi dabrun-

debi, iq irwmune is, rac gindodes~4. magram erekle I-ma

uari ganacxada SeTavazebul winadadebaze. amis Semdeg

igi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sapyrobileSi gamoketes, man

veRar gauZlo cdunebasa da zewolas da sabolood aRia-

1 igulisxmeba gorSi TeaTinelTa da avgustinelTa yofili

qoneba. 2 evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 73-74

3 daraga _ umaRlesi administraciuli piri iranSi, olqis

mmarTveli, gubernatori. 4 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770, Санкт-Петербург, 1861, с. 101.

208

ra islami, Tumca guliT is, rogorc moRweuli cno-

bebidan Cans, bolomde marTlmadidebel qristianad

darCa.

rusi diplomati ivane kazarinovi, rodesac irani-

dan moskovSi dabrunda, saelCo prikazSi ganacxada,

`rom batoniSvili nikoloz daviTis Ze (erekle I _ e.m.) qristianuli sarwmunoebidan gandgomis Semdeg sul cxare cremliTa tiris, Cumad wminda xatebs inaxavs da maTze loculobs, wirvasac ismens gamudmebiT, mas fa-rulad belorusi-litveli mRvdeli gabrieli emsax-ureba... Sahis udidebulesobas auwyes, rom igi uflis-wuli, Cumad qristianul wess misdevs da amisaTvis Sahi masze javrs iyris xolme...~1.

sainteresoa ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeos II-is

epistole erekle I-sadmi. rogorc Cans, mefes patriarqi-

saTvis miuweria qristianobidan Tavisi gandgomis, amis

gamo sulieri gancdisa da am nabijis gadadgmis arse-

biTi mizezebis Sesaxeb. erekles patriarqisaTvis isic

ucnobebia, rom yvelafris miuxedavad, mainc marTlmadi-

debel qristianad rCeboda. rogorc sxva cnobebidan

irkveva, erekle simarTles swerda ieusalimis patri-

arqs. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, `da ese erekle

iyo ispaans i~d welsa, da ara uarhyo qriste, rameTu iyo aRzrdili ruseTs, romeli winaca vaÃseneT. amas Seukrbnen mis Tana myofni kaxni da umetes moZRuari mi-si, monazoni nacvliSvili, da eseni itÂrTvidnen cod-vasa mas, raTa dauteos qriste. amisTÂs gamahmadianda

1 paiWaZe g., ramdenime sabuTi ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTo-

bis istoriisaTvis XVII saukunis meore naxevarSi // `saisto-

rio moambe~, t. 27-28, gv. 542-543.

209

colSviliTa sruliad da uwodes nazar-alixan da war-moavlines niWiTa qarTls mefed”1.

erekle I-is moCvenebiTi gamuslimaneba, rogorc

Cans, sakmaod cnobili iyo da es icoda saqarTvelos

saqmeebSi kargad Caxedulma, zemoxsenebulma ierusali-

mis patriarqma dosiTeosmac. man isic kargad icoda, ram

aiZula qarTveli mefe Seecvala sarwmunoeba da garkve-

ul rCevasac ar iSurebda, raTa mas rjulis formalu-

rad Secvlis miuxedavad kvlav ezruna qristianobisa

da eklesiis sakeTildReod. mas sjera, rom ereklem ga-

sakicxi nabiji gadadga mxolod qveynis gadarCenis sur-

viliT da ierusalimis patriarqs, rogorc Cans, sjera

misi gulwrfelobis. amitomaa, rom dosiTeosi erekles

arigebs ise, rogorc politikosi, diplomati da ara

rogorc sulieri moZRvari. patriarqi ereklesaTvis

gagzavnil epistoleSi (daaxl. 1700 w.) erekle I-s swers:

`garemoebam gaiZula Segecvala mamiseuli da uwmindesi rwmena. magram Sen xom es cudi ganzraxviT ar gaakeTe, aramed garkveuli mizniT. miaRwie ganzraxul Cafiqre-

buli mizans, risTvisac Seicvale uwmindesi rwmena. mag-

ram Zalze mtkiced gaxsovdes es mizani da ganuxrelad eswrafe misken. Seni mizani iyo, rom moCvenebiT yofiliyavi sxva rjulisa, gulSi ki marTlmadidebeli qristiani, garegnuli saxiT mravali sikeTisaTvis mo-

rigebuliyavi urwmunoebTan, Sinaganad ki emsaxurebode uflis eklesias, ar gakldes misi dideba. rogorc mefe daviTi garboda saulisagan da surda dasxltomoda gaTebis mefes2. rokavda igi dafiT xelSi SerekiliviT,


cxovreba, IV, gv. 463. 2 saulisagan devnilma daviTma Tavi Seafara gaTebis mefe

aqiSTan. 1 mef., 21: 10.

210

raTa moetyuebina biwieri mefe da ar daRupuliyo1. mag-

ram suliT wminda da umwikvlo iyo, erTi da igive daviTi. rogorc nayamani sirieli Txovda elises isra-elis miwis gojis odena nawils2 da moCvenebiT atyu-

ebda codvil mefes, aseve Seno uganaTlebulesobav, daicavi is mizani, romelic Sen winaswar daisaxe. dae, garegnulad iyo ucxotomeli, magram gulSi ki iyav RvTismosavi, ar dagaviwydes Seni xsna, romelsac metad veRar moipoveb. SeinarCuneb ra mizans, bevri unda gaakeTo Seni gamarTlebisaTvis~3.

Sahma erekle 14 wlis ganmavlobaSi iranSi gaaCera.

1688 wels igi qarTlis mefed daamtkices giorgi XI-is

magier. 1691 wlidan daiwyo xangrZlivi brZola taxtisa-

Tvis axlad gamefebulsa da gadayenebul mefeebs Soris.

giorgi damarcxda da iZulebuli gaxda iranSi wasuli-

yo, sadac Sahis ndoba moipova da qarTlis taxti daib-

runa, erekle ki kaxeTis mefe gaxda, magram Sahma igi

iranSi daibara. erekle I iranSi gardaicvala 1703 wels.

erekles meuRle ana ColoyaSvili da asuli Tavda-

debuli marTlmadideblebi iyvnen. anam orjer imogza-

ura ierusalimSi da Tavis dReni monazonad daasrula

monasterSi 1716 wels. monazonad Sedga, agreTve, erek-

les erT-erTi asuli makrine, romelmac SemdegSi Tavi

1 1 mef., 21: 14. 2 winaswarmetyveli elises mier mdinare iordanis wyliT keT-

risagan gankurnebulma aramis mefis sardalma nayamanma el-

ises sTxova: `mieces Sens morCils imdeni miwa, ramdensac

wyvili viri waiRebs, rom amieridan uflis garda sxva Rmer-

Tebs ar Seswiros msxverpli Senma morCilma”. 4 mef., 5:17. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan, gv. 213-214.

211

isaxela, rogorc qarTuli saeklesio sagaloblebis

Semqmnelma da Semkrebma1.

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamuslimanebu-

li qarTveli mefeeebi guliT, suliT da saqmiT marTl-

madidebel qristianebad rCebodnen, miuxedavad imisa, sa-

jarod Tu SefarviT, romel religias aRiarebdnen. ama-

ze metyvelebs maTi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi momentebi,

romelTa Sesaxeb met-nklebad zemoT ukve vilaparake.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare da evropuli

wyaroebis cnobebis kritikuli analizi ar iZleva imis

Tqmis saSualebas, rom radgan vaxtang V Sahnavazisis

memkvidreebi da marTlmadidebeli ierarqebi mfarvelob-

dnen kaTolike misionerebs, TiTqos imisi maCvenebeli

iyos, rom isini iranTan urTierTobis mowesrigebis mi-

zniT mzad iyvnen uari eTqvaT marTlmadideblobaze da

gadasuliyvnen kaTolikobaze2.

1 tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi, gv. 166. 2 tuxaSvili l., politikuri viTareba XVIII s. pirvel oge-

ulSi // saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. IV, Tbilisi,

1973, gv. 406-407.

212

ierusalimis patriarqi dosiTeos II notara

dasavleT saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobaSi

(XVII s. dasasruli _ XVIII s. pirveli aTwledi)

dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis urTi-

erToba rusTTan ganpirobebuli iyo osmaleTis Zalado-

bisagan TavdacvisaTvis sapirispiro-saimedo Zalis gamo-

naxvis interesiT.

XVII s. dasasrulidan XVIII s. pirvel meoTxedamde,

ufro zustad petre I-is mefobis dros ruseTis saxel-

mwifo iwyebs gaZlierebas, Tavisi sasicocxlo intere-

sebidan gamomdinare, iwyebs brZolas Tbil zRvebze,

kerZod, Sav da kaspiis zRvebze gasasvlelebis mopovebi-

saTvis. magram ruseTi dasaxuli amocanis gadawyvetas

ver SesZlebda kavkasiaSi dasayrdenis mopovebis gareSe.

mocemul periodSi Seiqmna iseTi saerTaSoriso situa-

cia, rodesac ruseTi Tavisi ekonomikuri da samxedro

resursebis mobilizaciis Sedegad warmatebas miaRwevda,

rac saqarTvelos politikuri erTeulebis meTaurebs

osmaleTisagan xsnis imeds usaxavda.

dasaxuli amocanis ganxorcielebis gzaze, ruseTis

mTavari damabrkolebeli Zala iyo osmaleTi. XVII sau-

kunis Sua xanebidan osmaleTi ganicdida daqveiTebas

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi jer kidev flobda vrcel

teritoriebs aziaSi, evropasa da afrikaSi, axorcieleb-

da kontrols mniSvnelovan savaWro gzebsa da strate-

giul adgilebze. miuxedavad amisa, is Zveli didebis aR-

dgenas veRar axerxebda, radgan TviT imperiis SigniT

mimdinareobda saxalxo gamosvlebi da dapyrobili qvey-

nebis Seupovari brZola TavisuflebisaTvis.

osmaleTisaTvis Seiqmna araxelsayreli saerTaSo-

riso viTareba gansakuTrebiT venasTan gancdili damar-

cxebis Semdeg 1683 wels. dasrulda Turqebis winsvla

213

evropaSi. amis Semdeg is erTmaneTis miyolebiT hkargavs

dapyrobil teritoriebs.

1684 wels osmaleTis imperiasTan sabrZolvelad

Seiqmna `wminda liga~, romelSic Sevida avstria, polo-

neTi da venecia, 1686 wels mas SeuerTda ruseTi.

am periodis sabrZolo moqmedebebidan saqarTvelo-

saTvis mniSvnelovani iyo petre I-is laSqrobebi azovi-

saTvis 1695-1696 wlebSi. es iyo petre I-is mTavrobis pi-

rveli seriozuli sagareo politikuri aqcia, azovisa

da Savi zRvebisaken gasasvlelis mosapoveblad. azovis

pirveli laSqroba daiwyo 1695 wlis gazafxulze da

damTavrda warumateblad seqtemberSi. marcxis mTavari

mizezebi iyo flotis uqonloba da momaragebis wyaro-

ebidan siSore. imave wlis Semodgomidan diwyo mzadeba

axali laSqrobisaTvis. pirvel rigSi saWiro iyo flo-

tis mSenebloba. 1696 wlis maisSi ruseTis 40-aTasianma

armiam alya Semoartya azovs. 1696 wlis 19 ivliss cixe-

simagre momxdurebs danebda.

osmaleTsa da `wminda ligas~ Soris zavis dasade-

bad 1698 wlis oqtomberSi karlovicaSi (slovenia) Seik-

riba kongresi. ruseTma moiTxova Savi zRvis sanaosno

gzis gaxsna, razec osmaleTma uari ganacxada. mas Savi

da azovis zRvebi Sida zRvebad hqonda gadaqceuli. Tu-

rqeTis warmomadgenelma ruseTis warmomadgenels ganu-

cxada, rom Savi zRva da misi sanapiroebi sulTans ek-

uTvnis da ruseTis gemebs sulTani Sav zRvaSi ar dauS-

vebs, ucxo qveynebis gemebi maSin ivlian Tavisuflad

Sav zRvaSi, rodesac TurqeTis saxelmwifo daemxoba1.

1 Уляницкий В. В., Дарданеллы, Босфор и Черное море в XVIII веке,

Москва, 1883, с. 26.

214

1699 wels osmaleTsa da ruseTs Soris Sewyda omi

da ori wliT daido droebiTi zavi. azovi darCa ru-

seTs.

rusebma gaxsnes gasasvleli samxreTiT azovis zRvi-

sken, magram Sav zRvaSi gasvla ver SeZles, radgan ma-

sTan damakavSirebel qerCis srutes akontrolebdnen

Turqebi. petre rom dawyebul saqmes bolomde miiyvanda

da Sav zRvaSi gavidoda, Canda misi omisaTvis samzadi-

sidan, rac pirvel rigSi gamoixata 1697-1698 wlebSi

petre I-is diplomatiuri misiaSi (e.w. didi elCoba)

dasavleT evropaSi, romlis mizani iyo mravalmxrivi.

aqedan CvenTvis sainteresoa petres survili moepovebina

evropis saxelmwifoebis mxardaWera osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg omSi. elCobis erT-erTi monawile iyo ufliswuli

aleqsandre arCil II-is Ze. holandiaSi yofnis dros,

petre piradad miiwvia inglisis mefe uiliam III-m. 1698

wlis dasawyisSi petre sam TanmxlebTan erTad, maT So-

ris iyo batoniSvili aleqsandre, amsterdamidan ingli-

sSi gadavida1.

1698 wlis 20 ivniss ierusaliis patriarqi dosiTe-

os II notara (1669-1707) ruseTis mefe petre I-s swerda,

rom aRmosavleTSi gavrcelda xma misi sazRvargareT

mogzaurobis Sesaxeb da TiTqos inglisSi yofnis dros

man, petrem iqaur mefes ganucxada, rom 1700 wels kons-

tantinopolis wm. sofiis taZarSi wirvas gadavixdio2.

1 Богословский М., Петр I. Материалы для биографии, т. 2 : Первое

заграничное путешествие. Часть 1 и часть 2 : 9 марта 1697 _ 25

августа 1698 г., Москва, 1941, с. 65-66. 2 «Агличаня сказали нам и иное слово ссладкое делом и имянем, си-

реч, яко божественный самодержец северных стран сказал королю

английскому, яко в лето 1700-е будет пети молебен внутри святые

Софии». Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха

215

Znelia Tqma ramdenad Seefereboda sinamdviles gavrce-

lebuli xma, magram igi, saqarTvelomdec aRwevda da op-

timistur ganwyobilebas uqmnida osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

brZolis JiniT Sepyrobil qarTvelebs.

ruseTis aqtiurobam Savi zRvis Crdilo sanapiro-

ze, bunebrivia, miipyro dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-

samTavroebis mefe-mTavrebisa da, saerTod, politikose-

bis, pirvel rigSi ki, mefe arCil II-is yuradReba. igi

darwmunebuli iyo, rom erTaderTi Zala, romelsac

SeeZlo Turqebis Zaladobisagan saqarTvelos gadarCe-

na, iyo ruseTi. 1700 wlidan arCili Tavis ojaxiT da

sxva mraval qarTvelTan erTad sabolood damkvidrda

moskovSi da Tvals adevnebda ruseTis sagareo urTier-

Tobebs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mefe arCils sakmaod

hyavda momxreebi da erTgulni imereTis samefoSi, sa-

fiqrebelia isini TavianTi yofili mefisgan _ arCili-

sgan iRebdnen informacias petre I-is osmaleTTan omi-

saTvis mzadebis Sesaxeb, rac aucileblad gaaCenda ru-

seTidan daxmarebis miRebis imeds. imeds kidev ufro

aRvivebda patriarqi dosiTeosi, romelic cdilobda

ruseT-osmaleTis omSi, ruseTis mxares Caeba dasavleTi

saqarTvelo. rogorc patriarqi petre I-s swerda, osma-

leTTan samxedro dapirispirebis dros mas daexmare-

bodnen mefe arCili, batoniSvili aleqsandre da sxva

mravali qarTveli.

ruseTTan saqarTvelos daaxloebisaTvis mniSvne-

lovani roli Seasrula patriarqma dosiTeosma. man ic-

oda, rom ruseTis samefo xelisufleba cdilobda Ta-

visi gavlenis qveS moeqcia saqarTvelo, romelic misken

Досифея с русским правительством (1669-1707 гг), Москва, 1891, с. 11.

216

miiswrafoda moldaveTisa da valaxiis msgavsad. movle-

nebis amgvari ganviTarebis mosurne iyo dosiTeosic,

magram mas awuxebda kiTxva: ra moxdeba mas Semdeg, ro-

desac ruseTi politikurad daimorCilebda dasaxele-

bul qveynebs. igi darwmunebuli iyo, rom ruseTisadmi

politikurad damorCilebas mohyveboda maTi eklesiebis

damorCileba moskovis sapatriarqosadmi, rac uzomod

gazrdida mis gavlenas aRmosavleTSi da amiT daziande-

boda aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebi. dosiTeosi cdilob-

da aseTi moqmedebisgan Seekavebina moskovis patriarqi1.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im mRelvare, intrigebiT aR-

savse, Turqebis batonobisas qristianTa uflebebisa da

sicocxlis daucvelobis mZime periods, maSin gasagebi

gaxdeba dosiTeosis epistoleebis paTosi da maT ukan

davinaxavT im patriarqs, romelsac mTeli moRvaweobi-

sas uaRresad riskiani politikuri xasiaTis nabijebis

gadadgma uxdeboda. dosiTeosisaTvis umTavresi marTl-

madidebeli qristianebisa da eklesiis gadarCena iyo da

zneobriv kompromisze wasvla mas did danaSaulad ar

miaCnda. dosiTeosi, ra Tqma unda, am mxriv sruliadac

ar iyo gamonaklisi.

dosiTeosis pirovnuli Tvisebebis gasagebad gansa-

kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi epistolaruli memkvid-

reobis Sewavla. moRweulia misi mravali epistole gag-

zavnili ruseTis mefeebisa da patriarqebisadmi, balka-

neTis samefo-samTavroebis politikuri moRvaweebisa da

qarTveli mefeebisa da imereTis kaTalikosisadmi.

1 Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с

русским правительством (1669-1707 гг), с. 262.

217

dosiTeosi yovelTvis iTvaliswinebda im marTlma-

didebluri qveynebis xelisufalTa SesaZleblobebs,

romlebTanac mas hqonda urTierToba.

marTlmadidebluri saxelmwifoebis saTaveSi, do-

siTeosis azriT, unda yofiliyo misi drois yvelaze

Zlieri marTlmadidebluri saxelmwifo – ruseTi, rom-

lis saidumlo agentic TviTon iyo TiTqmis 40 wlis

ganmavlobaSi. is Tavisi informatorebis saSualebiT

agrovebda samxedro-politikuri xasiaTis cnobebs da

gadascemda ruseTis elCebs konstantinopolSi an sando

adamianebis xeliT agzavnida pirdapir moskovSi. zog-

jer kurieris rolSi iyo misi disSvili da memkvidre,

ierusalimis momavali patriarqi qrisanTosi (1707-1731).

magram ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos dosiTeosi ruseTis

xelisuflebisaTvis mxolod informatori iyo. moskov-

Si gagzavnil cnobebs yovelTvis axlda misi ganmar-

tebani da mosazrebani, is mTavrobas aZlevda rCevebs da

miTiTebsac. igi cdilobda ruseTis sagareo politika

waremarTa im mimarTulebiT, romelic patriarqs miaCnda

sworad. dosiTeoss SemuSavebuli hqonda ruseTis osma-

leTis winaaRmdeg omis gegma da cdilobda ruseTis

samxedro eqspansia waremarTa samxreTiT – Savi zRvispi-

reTisa da balkaneTisaken, raTa es didi marTlmadi-

debluri saxelmwifo daepirispirebina osmaleTis saxe-

lmwifosaTvis da am ukanasknelis ganadgurebis Sedegad

ganTavisuflebuliyo misi samSoblo _ saberZneTi. is

ruseTis mTavrobas ganawyobda dasavleTis saxelm-

wifoebis winaaRmdegac da a.S. dosiTeosis rCevebi imde-

nad misaRebi iyo ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis, rom pet-

218

re I Tavis sigelebSi dosiTeoss moixseniebda rogorc

`sayvarel mamas da Cvens mwyemss~1.

dosiTeosis epistoleebsa da ìerusalimis patri-

arqTa istoriaze~ dakvirveba naTels xdis, rom ierusa-

limis es Wkviani patriarqi-politikosi dainteresebuli

iyo saqarTvelosa da irans Soris asatani urTierTob-

is arsebobiT. ufro sworad, rom vTqva, is momxre iyo

qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebs moeTminaT iranis Sahe-

bis pretenziebi. qarTvelebis amgvari damokidebuleba

iranis mimarT, garkveuli gagebiT, Seesabameboda dosi-

Teosis umTavres politikur mizans: daerazma marTlma-

didebluri saxelmwifoebi osmaleTis, misi samSoblo _

saberZneTis dammoneblis _ osmaleTis winaaRmdeg. dosi-

Teosis azriT, antiosmalur koaliciaSi SeiZleboda

Cabmuliyvnen aramarTlmadidebluri da araqristianuli

saxelmwifoebic ki. erT-erT aseT araqristianul sax-

elmwifod moiazreboda irani. osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

brZolis SemTxvevaSi, dosiTeosi mniSvnelovan rols

umzadebda saqarTvelosac.

ruseTis samefo karze, rom seriozulad msjelob-

dnen saqarvelosTan erTad osmaleTis saxelmwifos wi-

naaRmdeg gamosvlis Sesaxeb, Cans Tanamedrove werilo-

biTi wyaroebidan. saintereso cnoba Semogvinaxa avstri-

is elCma ruseTSi pleierma 1702 wels. misi gadmocemiT,

petres ganzraxuli hqonda SveciasTan omis damTavrebis

Semdeg gemebiT gamgzavrebuliyo saqarTveloSi da gaa-

1 Каптерев Н. Ф., Характер отношений России православному Восто-

ку в XVI-XVII столетиях, с. 304.

219

mefebda Svedebis tyveobaSi myof aleqsandre arCilis

Zes1.

petre Tavisi diplomatebis saSualebiT gafacice-

biT agrovebda dazverviT masalebs potenciuri mowina-

aRmdegis samxedro teqnikis, gansakuTrebiT samxedro

sazRvao flotis, da Savi zRvis im portebis (maT Soris

dasavleT saqarTvelos portebisa da moxerxebuli yu-

reebis) Sesaxeb, romlebic SeiZleboda ruseTs gamoeye-

nebina osmaleTTan omis dros.

***

erT-erTi pirveli aseTi rus diplomatTagani, ro-

melmac moiZia cnobebi, XVIII saukunis dasawyisis osma-

leTis imperiis sazRvao potencialze da im portebis

Sesaxeb romlebsac osmalebi akontrolebdnen Sav zRva-

Si, iyo ruseTis elCi osmaleTis imperiaSi, 1702-1714

wlebSi, petre andrias Ze tolstoi. man saqarTvelos

Savi zRvispireTis navsadgurebisa da strategiuli ad-

gilebis Sesaxeb cnobebi gadmogvca Tavis `Savi zRvis

aRweraSi~. misi Canawerebis mixedviT, `rizedan... italiu-ri 50 milis daSorebiT aris mdinare fasi, romelic Caedineba Sav zRvaSi. iq aris golfa2 da moxerxebuli

1 Устрялов Н., История царствования Петра Великого, т. III, Москва,

1858, с. 519; CxataraiSvili q., saqarTvelos sagareo urTier-TobaTa istoriidan (XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi) // saqarTve-

los feodaluri xanis istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbilisi, 1972,

gv. 53. 2 golfa (germ. golf) _ yure.

220

porti; Semdeg aris samegrelos golfa anakra1... iq aris moxerxebuli porti saxelad piksonta~2.

ìm portidan (rize-e.m.) Tu gaivlian 200 italiur mils mivlen samegreloSi. iqidan Tu vinme moisurvebs gascuros 49 mili CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT, aRmoCn-deba... kioniaSi3, kolxidis qalaqSi, sadac imyofeba gu-bernatori. Zvel droSi eqvemdebareboda iveriis [mefes], aris kurin xanis4 sataxto qalaqi. aqedan yureSi Se-suls Sexvdeba mdinare fasisi, iberiis qveynis sazRvari. arsebiTad TviT mdinare aris moxerxebuli porti... im mdinareSi SeiZleba moTavsdes mravali didi da mcire bastimenti yovelgvari SiSis gareSe. im mxaridan Tur-qebma aages axali qalaqi, raTa daicvan is porti. SiSis gamo maT iq hyavT 5 andati mebrZoli, ese igi 3 rota5. im mdinaris CrdiloeTiT asi italiuri milis gacurvis Semdeg, aris yure da evqsinoponti, megruli qalaqi, ro-melsac hqvia diakria. kavkasad wodebuli mTebidan Camoedineba sami didi mdinare, romlebidan mcire daS-orebiT, im mdinareebs Soris mdebareobs qalaqi sevas-

1 anakra _ anaklia. 2 piksonta _ picunda. Толстой П. А., Описание Черного моря, Эгей-

ского архипелага и Османского флота, Москва, 2006, с. 86. 3 kionia _ savaraudoa, qobuleTi. 4 kurin xani _ gurieli. 5 igulisxmeba ianiCarTa sami rota, romelSic, savaraudoa,

iyo aTasamde kaci da maSasadame, XVIII saukunis pirvel naxe-

varSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi unda yofiliyo daaxloebiT

3-3,5 aTasi kaci. Джавелидзе Н.М. Взаимоотношения османской им-

перии с Западной Грузией в 1-ой пол. XVIII. Автореф. к.и.н., Моск

ва,1986, с. 16-17.

221

topoli1, samegrelos [mTavris] anu levand dianas2 sam-flobeloebis dedaqalaqi, portis arsi mdgomareobs ze-moxsenebuli mdinareebis moxerxebul SesarTavebSi~3.

àqedan [fasisidan] kvalad SevbrundebiT dasavle-TiT da gavcuravT 40-mde italiur mils, sadac iqneba kavkasionis mTis ganStoeba... im mTasTan aris apasikis4 porti, romelsac uwodeben pinzots5, Turqulad ki eZa-xian soik-suis, rac niSnavs `civwylians~. maxloblad aris Zveli berZnebis komninebad wodebulebis, didebu-lad naSenebi wminda sofia da apaziis mflobelis sata-xto qalaqi. xsenebul eklesiaSi wiraven iberielebi~6.

***

ra Tqma unda, osmaleTis xelisufalT mxedvelo-

bidan ar gamorCebodaT rusi diplomatis dazverviTi

saqmianoba da interesi Savi zRvis portebis mimarT da

Sesabamis daskvnasac gamoitandnen. Turqebi arcTu usa-

fuZvlod varaudobdnen, rom rusebi, Tu oms daiwye-

bdnen osmaleTis winaaRmdeg, isini Seecdebodnen saqar-

Tvelos portebis gamoyenebas.

petre I-is saqarTveloTi dainteresebiT arCil II-

isa da moskovis koloniis sxva qarTvelebis garda, ro-

1 sevastopoli, sevastopolisi _ ase uwodebdnen Sua saukune-

ebSi evropelebi cxums (soxumi). 2 levand Ddiana _ p. tolstoi unda gulisxmobdes levan IV dadians.

3 Толстой П. А., Описание Черного моря, Эгейского архипелага и

Османского флота, Москва, 2006, с. 104. 4 apasiki, apasia _ afxazeTi. 5 pinzoti _ pitiunti, biWvinta. 6 Толстой П. А., Описание Черного моря, Эгейского архипелага и

Османского флота, с. 104

222

gorc iTqva, gansakuTrebiT irjeboda ierusalimis pat-

riarqi dosiTeos II. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom radgan

is dainteresebuli iyo ruseTis osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

omiT, dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebs awvdida

cnobebs ruseTis samzadisze osmaleTis winaaRmdeg om-

is dasawyebad. dosiTeosis aseTi moqmedeba, rom sru-

liad dasaSvebia, amas mafiqrebinebs Tundac is, rom mas

urTierToba hqonda dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

Tan grigol lorTqifaniZesTan (1696-1742). dosiTeosi

1701 wlis seqtemberSi adrianopolidan gagzavnili epis-

toleSi kaTalikos grigols sayvedurobda: `Sen bevrs gvwer, magram vin gadagviTargmnis mas? Tarjimani ara gvyavs. aTasjer mogwereT, raTa gamogegzavnaT erTi bi-Wi saswavleblad da TqvenTan miwer-mowerisaTvis, mag-ram es ar gaakeTeT...~1

imave xanebSi, imereTisa da samegrelos msxvilma

feodalebma grigol kaTalikosis, evdemon quTaTelisa

da nikoloz genaTelis TaosnobiT Turqebis winaaRmdeg

erToblivi brZolisa da quTaisis cixis ganTavisufle-

bis piroba dades. isini ficiT Seikrnen, rom `dRes Sem-dgomaT imereTis wasaxdenad da asaoxreblad Cven Ta-Tars arc piri mivsceT da vin icis da TaTari laSqriT Camovides imereTis wasaxdenad, Cven arc mivideT masTan da uwinamZRroT da arc maTi viwamoT da am imereTis wa-xdenis saqmezed da kideca an cixis aReba da waxdena ma-rTlis guliT moviWirvoT da ar usustoT cixis aRebis saqme~2. rogorc vxedavT, grigol kaTalikosi 1701 wels


istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss), Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 219 2 saqarTvelos siZveleni, I, meore gamocema, wigni I, Tbilisi,

1920, gv. 44-45; CxataraiSvili q., saqarTvelos sagareo urTi-

erTobaTa istoriidan (XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 52.

223

saTaveSi edga imereTis mTavrebis Turqebis winaaRmdeg

koalicias. marTalia, werilebSi araferia antiosmaluri

ajanyebisaTvis mzadebis Sesaxeb, magram aseTi molodini

arc unda gvqondes, radgan aseTi Sinaarsis werils an

gadakvriT naTqvamsac ki aravin dawerda da arc Seinaxavda

Turqebis SiSiT. aseTi moqmdeba sabediswero iqneboda

rogorc dosiTeosis ise misi adresatebisaTvis.

Turqebis aSkara gamowveva da daumorCileblobis

daufaravad gamoxatva iyo 1702 wels imereTis gamgeb-

lis giorgi abaSiZis mier uaris Tqma osmalebisaTvis

xarkis micemaze. imereTis samefos aseTi moqmedeba ruse-

Tidan daxmarebis miRebis imediT, osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

ajanyebis dawyebas niSnavda1. dasavleT saqarTveloSi

arsebuli antiTurquli ganwyobilebis gamo iyo, rom p.

tolstoi petres swerda: Turqebs SiSi aqvT ruseTis

xelmwifis, radgan osmaleTis SigniT mravlad arian

rusi xalxis erTmorwmuneni, romlebsac, Turqebi Tavi-

anT mtrebad miiCneven2.

petre I-ma mogvianebiT, rodesac osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg omisaTvis emzadeboda, gaiTvaliswina ra osmale-

Tis da avstriis imperiebis marTlmadidebeli mosaxle-

obis ganwyobileba, ganizraxa maTgan Camoeyalibebina sa-

mxedro razmebi ruseTis samxreT sazRvarze. 1711 wlis 3

(14) marts petrem dubrovnikel saba vladislavoviC-ra-

guzinskTan erTad Seadgina sigeli Cernogorielebisa-

Tvis, romelic gaxda osmaleTis mosaxleobisaTvis mi-

marTvis safuZveli. evropis saxelmwifoebis mibaZviT,

1 iqve. 2 Арунова М. П., «Описание» П.А. Толстого как источник по

истории Османской империи // Ближний и Средний Восток, Москва,

1968, с. 37.

224

petres undoda Seeqmna msubuqad SeiaraRebuli husarTa

razmebi, romlebSic iqnebodnen serbebi, qarTvelebi,

moldavelebi da valaxebi. maTi TandaTan gafarTovebis

Sedegad Camoyalibdeboda husarTa polkebi1.

dosiTeosi sakmaod kargad icnobda saqarTvelos

saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobas da daJinebiT cdilo-

bda petre I daerwmunebina TurqebTan omSi saqarTvelos,

gansakuTrebiT imereTis samefos mniSvnelobaSi. 1705

wlis ianvarSi is petre I-s acnobebda, rom ganzraxuli

hqonda saqarTveloSi werili miewera da male, wminda

pasxamde, Tavisi kacic gaegzavna. ìqauri mTavrebi Cveni nacnobebi da megobrebi arian, _ swerda dosiTeosi petre I-s, _ Cvens mimarT ganmsWvalulni keTilad da siyvaruliT. magram SeuZlebelia iq moiZebnos rusulis mcodne adamianebi. mxolod roca is kurTxeuli kaci, didebuli qarTveli batoni, batoni arCili (arCil II _ e.m.), romelsac hyavs rusulis mcodne mravali saero da sasuliero (piri _ e.m.), zogierTi maTgani Tarjimnad wava, yvelaze ufro sagulisxmoa wavides TviT batoni arCili, an misi vaJi, batoni aleqsandre~2.

dosiTeosis epistoles daweris droisaTvis, e.i.

1705 wels, arCil II ukve karga xnis dasaxlebuli iyo

moskovSi da qarTuli saqmisTvis iRwvoda. aleqsandre

batoniSvili ki Svedebis tyveobaSi iyo. dosiToesma,

albaT, kargad icoda petres zrunvaze Tavisi megobris

da TanamebrZolis tyveobidan ganTavisuflebisaTvis ga-

tarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. yovelive amis gaTvali-

1 Белова Е. В., Православные народы Австрийской и Османской импе-

рии в Прутском походе 1711 г. // Вопроси истории, №10, Октяирь,

2009, с. 149-152.

2 Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с рус-

ским правительством (1669-1707 гг), с. 54..

225

swinebiT mas imedi hqonda, rom vidre petre antiosmal-

ur kampanias daiwyebda, manamade aleqsandre ganTavisuf-

ldeboda. isic SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom gamocdili dip-

lomati dosiTeosi, rodesac petres swerda antiosmal-

ur kampaniaSi aleqsandres monawileobaze, amiT ruseTis

xelmwifes aqezebda ufro gaeaqtiurebina molaparakeba

SvedebTan ufliswulis ganTavisuflebisaTvis. magram,

rogorc cnobilia, petrem, didi mondomebisa da karlos

XII-sTan xangrZlivi molaparakebis miuxedavad, aleqsan-

dres ganTavisufleba ver SeZlo. rodesac mZimed daava-

debuli batoniSvili tyveobidan gaaTavisufles da rus-

eTSi brundeboda, rigaSi gardaicvala 1710 wels. imasT-

an dakavSirebiT, Tu ratom ver SeZlo petrem batoniSvi-

lis ganTavisufleba, saintereso varaudi gamoTqva qve-

li CxataraiSvilma: `savaraudebelia, rom petres Turq-eTze galaSqrebas aleqsandre arCilis Zis tyved yof-nac aferxebda. Tu es varaudi sworia, maSin SesaZloa gasagebi gaxdes, Tu ratom ambobda uars aleqsandres tyveobidan gaTavisuflebaze (miuxedavad metad xelsay-reli pirobebis SeTavazebisa) TurqeTis mokavSire Sved-eTi. xom ar eria amaSi TurqeTis diplomatTa xeli?~1. ra Tqma unda, osmaleTis mTavrobas SeaSfoTebda is ga-

vrcelebuli xmebi, romelzec zemoT iTqva, rom petre I-s

ganzraxuli hqonda aleqsandres gamefeba dasavleT saqa-

rTveloSi.

daujerebelia, rom patriarqi dosiTeosi vidre ze-

moxsenebul werils petre I-s gaugzavnida, manamde mas

molaparakeba da garkveuli SeTanxmebac ar hqoneboda

imereTis yofil mefe arCilTan, romelic, ra Tqma unda,

mniSvnelovan informacias flobda dasavleT saqarTve-

1 CxataraiSvili q., saqarTvelos sagareo urTierTobaTa ist-

oriidan (XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 65.

226

los strategiuli adgilebisa da portebis Sesaxeb. is

ara mxolod Tarjimnobas gauwevda ruseTis jaris xel-

mZRvanelobas, aramed mas SeeZlo uaRresad qmediTi dax-

mareba gaewia maTTvis sxvadasxva saxis rCevebiT.

XVIII saukunis dasawyisis politikur procesebs

Tvals Tu gadavavlebT davinaxavT, rom patriarqi do-

siTeosi mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyaros amboxebas

apirebda osmaleTis imperiis winaaRmdeg. 1702 wels bu-

qureStSi Sedga saidumlo TaTbiri, romelSic monawi-

leobdnen konstantine brinkovianu (didi logofeti, va-

laxiis gospodari), patriarqi dosiTeosi da valaxiis

didebulebi. maT gadawyvites, rom ruseT-osmaleTis om-

is daiwyebis SemTxvevaSi balkaneTis xalxebi ajanyde-

bodnen Turqebis winaaRmdeg. maTi gadawyvetilebis Ziri-

Tadi Sinaarsi mdgomareobda SemdegSi: radgan bal-

kaneTis xalxebs osmaleTis batonobisagan ganTavisuf-

lebis imedi ruseTis daxmarebiTY hqondaT, isini mzad

iyvnen omis dasawyisidanve daxmarebodnen ruseTs. gada-

wyvetilebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom radgan ruseT-osmale-

Ts Soris mSvidoba aramyari da arasaimedo iyo, amas-

Tan erTad osmaleTis saxelmwifo iyo susti da eSino-

da ruseTis. SeTqmulTa azriT, radgan TurqebTan brZo-

lis xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna, ruseTma zavi unda

dados SvedeTTan da mTeli yuradRreba osmaleTTan om-

ze gadaitanos. maT petre I-Tan elCi miavlines, romel-

sac ruseTis xelmwife unda daerwmunebina, rom exla

iyo xelsayreli dro, osmaleTTan omis dasawyebad. maT

petres TurqebTan omis gegmac SesTavazes1.

osmaleTis xelisufleba, ra Tqma unda, gulxelda-

krefili ar daelodeboda movlenebis ganviTarebas da

1 Семенова Л. Е. Русско-валашские отношения в конце XVII - начале

XVIII в. Москва, 1969, с. 86-88.

227

gadawyvita rusebisaTvis daeswro, vidre isini flots

Seiyvandnen Sav zRvaSi. aCqareba aucilebeli iyo imis

gamoc, rom ruseTisgan daxmarebis moimede dasavleT sa-

qarTvelo 1703 wels ajanyda. Turqebi did ZaliT SeiW-

rnen dasavleT saqarTveloSi da sabolood dapyrobiT

daemuqrnen. magram osmaleTSi iseTi ambebi moxda, rom

sulTani iZulebuli gaxda saqarTvelodan jari gae-

wvia1.

1 CxataraiSvili q., dasavleT saqarTvelo XVIII s. pirvel na-

xevarSi // saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tbilisi,

1973, gv. 455-459.

228

vaxtang VI-is sagareo politika da diplomatia

ramdenime Strixi patriarq dosiTeosis da

janiSin vaxtang VI-is urTierTobidan

vaxtang VI-is janiSinobis dasawyisis sagareo ur-

TierTobebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava ierusalimis

orTodoqsul sapatriarqos. gansjis mTavari sakiTxi

wminda qalaqSi qarTuli monastrebis saqarTvelosaTvis

SenarCuneba iyo. qarTlis mefe giorgi XI-m, misma Zmebma

da didebulebma monastrebis davalianebis dasafarad

saWiro Tanxa, romelic patriarq dosiTeos II-s Suamav-

lobiT unda daefaraT, mTlianad gadaixades. patriarqi

amas araerTxel aRniSnavda saqarTvelosa da ruseTSi

gagzavnil Tavis werilebSi. magram imasac ambobda, rom

saqarTvelodan waRebul Tanxa arasakmarisi aRmoCnda

da igi misma sapatriarqom Seavso, amas swerda is mo-

nastrebis valebisgan ganTavisuflebidan aTi wlis Sem-

deg. qarTuli monastrebis momarT sxva iseTi Ronis-

Ziebebic gaatara, romlebiTac isini sapatriarqos iuri-

sdiqciaSi aRmoCnda1.

vaxtangma, ra Tqma unda, mSvenivrad icoda ierusa-

limis qarTuli monastrebis is gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-

loba rac maT saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi hqondaT qarTu-

li kulturisa da qveynis saerTaSoriso prestiJisaTvis.

misTvis am sakiTxis garkvevas imitomac hqonda didi

mniSvneloba, rom ierusalimis qarTuli eklesiebis va-

lebidan ganTavisuflebisaTvis misma mama-biZebma da di-

debulebma didZali fuladi da materialuri xarji ga-


istoriidan, gv. 118-151, 222-229.

229

swies da 1685 wels, monastrebi daixsnes. SemdegSi qve-

yanaSi mSvidobis SenarCunebisa da misi TavdacvisaTvis

ibrZodnen. amas emateboda qveynidan didi xniT wasvla

da iranis interesebisaTvis brZola. yovelive amis gamo

maT Tvali veRar miadevnes imas, Tu ra xdeboda ierusa-

limSi qarTul monastrebTan dakavSirebiT. vaxtangma,

rogorc Cans, Caibara Tu ara qarTlis gamgebloba, maSi-

nve dainteresda am sakiTxiT da patriarq dosiTeosis

sapasuxo werilebidan Cans, rom man mkacrad moiTxova

angariSi imis Sesaxeb rogor daixarja saqarTvelodan

waRebuli Tanxa. dosiTeosis werilebSi garkveviT Cans

qarTlis gamgeblis winaSe Tavis dacvis mcdeloba, ra-

Sic dagvarwmunebs misi werilebidan amonaridebi am

narkvevis dasasruls.

ierusalimis wminda adgilebis sakiTxis garkvevisa-

Tvis vaxtang VI-s epistolaruli urTierToba hqonda

ierusalimis or patriarqTan _ dosiTeos II-sTan da

qrisanTosTan (1707-1731)1. radgan dasaxelebul patriar-

qebTan vaxtangis urTierTobidan politikuri sakiTxebi

gvainteresebs, amitom vilaparakeb mxolod dosiTeosTan

urTierTobaze. rogorc dosiTeosis werilebidan Cans,

vaxtangis interesi scildeboda ierusalimis qarTuli

monastrebis sakiTxis garkvevas.

dasaxelebuli patriarqebis saqarTveloSi gamogzav-

nili epistoleebidan gamoqveynebuli iyo dosiTeosis

eqvsi epistole. aqedan oris adresati vaxtang mefea. ra

Tqma unda, vaxtangi da misi winamorbedi mefeebi dasaxe-

lebul patriarqebs ugzavnidnen werlebs, romlebsac

dosiTeosi axsenebs sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva pirov-

1 mesxi T., ierusalimis patriarqi qrisanTosi da saqarTvelo

// goris universitetis istoriisa da arqeologiis centris

SromaTa krebuli, #15, 2017, gv. 73-104.

230

nebebisaTvis gagzavnil werilebSi: dosiTeosi 1683 wels

mefe arCil II-saTvis gagzavnil werilSi sxvaTa Soris

aRniSnavda: `levan batoniSvilisgan werili momivida, romelic ama wlis (1681 w.) dekenbris TveSia dawe-rili...~; dosiTeosi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikoss

mimarTavs: `Sen bevrs gvwer...~; ùganaTlebuleso mefe vaxtang! gvekiTxebi da iTxov...~1 magram, rogorc aRiniS-na, jerjerobiT saqarTvelodan gagzavnili arc erTi

werilia mikvleuli da, savaraudoa, maTi mikvleva vera-

sodes moxdeba. amis Tqmis safuZvels iZleva isev dosi-

Teosis erTi werili (1704 w. 18 maisi), romelsac igi

ruseTis elCs stambolSi, p. tolstois, swerda: `yvela didi Tu patara werili, romlebic gamogvigzavneT, gava-nadgureT da aRarc erTi gvaqvs. Cvenc amas gTxovT: Tu Senaxuli gaqvT Cveni raime werili, yvela dawviT, arc erTi ar SeinaxoT, radgan ar viciT, ras moitans dro. Tu aqauri wyeulebi rames ieWveben, moulodnelad gag-

Cxreken da werilebs waiReben... ase moeqcnen qarTvel elCs. moulodnelad daesxnen da misi yvela werili wa-

iRes~2. savaraudoa, dosiTeosma ruseTis elCis werile-

bTan erTad gaanadgura sxva werilebic da, maT Soris,

iyo saqarTvelodan gagzavnili qarTuli dednebi da ma-

Ti berZnul enaze Targmanebic. mas rom saqarTvelodan

mravali werils ugzavnidnen, Cans iqidanac, rom is

Tavis erT-erT epistoleSi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, dasa-

vleT saqarTvelos kaTalikoss grigol lorTqifaniZes

sayvedurobda: `Sen bevrs gvwer, magram vin gadagvi-

Targmnis~-o. samwuxarod, dosiTeosi ar aRniSnavs, ro-


istoriidan, gv. 207, 219, 223. 2 Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с

русским правительством (1669-1707 гг), Москва, 1891, c. 236.

231

mel qarTvel elCs CamoarTves Turqebma werilebi an

rodis moxda moTxrobili ambavi.

ierusalimis patriarq dosiTeosTan urTierTobisas

vaxtang mefe iTvaliswinebda mis saerTaSoriso gavle-

nas. icoda, rom marTlmadidebeli qveynebis meTaurebi

da politikosebi garkveul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen mis

politikur mosazrebebs da kidec iTvaliswinebdnen. ga-

nsakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia patriarq dosiTeosis gavlena

ruseTis saSinao da sagareo politikaze1. met-naklebad

Seswavlilia qarTveli mkvlevarebis mier mis episto-

larul da istoriografiul memkvidreobaSi Semonaxu-

li cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb2.

1 Матченко О., Досифей, патриарх иерусалимский и его время. Из

душеполезного чтения 1878 года, Москва, 1878; Каптерев Н. Ф.,

Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с русским правительс-

твом (1669-1707 гг. ), СПб., 1896; Каптерев Н. Ф., Господство греков

в иерусалимском патриархате с первой половины XVI до половины

XVIII века // Богословский вестник, СПб., 1897, май; Каптерев Н.Ф.,

Характер отношений России православному Востоку в XVI-XVII

столетиях, Москва, 1914; Померанцев И., Иерусалимский патриарх

Досифей II (1669-1707) // СИППО, 1908; CxataraiSvili q., saqar-Tvelos sagareo urTierTobaTa istoriidan (XVIII s. pirve-

li meoTxedi) // saqarTvelos feodaluri xanis istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 48, 50, 54-55, 60-64, 67; mamisTva-

liSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis istorii-

dan, gv. 65-75. 2 Досифея патриарха Иерусалимского история епископии горы Синая

// Материалы для истории архиепископии Синаиской Горы. Перевод

с греческого И. И. Латышева, ППС, вып. 58-й, 2-я половина, СПб.,

1909; Журнал Народного Просвешения, 1943, № №2, 12; TayaiSvili

e., ras Seicavda egreT wodebuli afxazeTis istoria bagrat

mefisa, romliTac usargeblnia ierusalimis patriarqs do-

siTeoss Tavis ierusalimis patriarqebis istoriaSi // Zveli

232

davubrundeT dosiTeosis mier vaxtangisaTvis gag-

zavnil sigelebs. rogorc Cans, isini daiwera vaxtang

mefis werilis/werilebis sapasuxod.

patriarq dosiTeosis mTavari sazrunavi, rogorc

misi saqarTveloSi gamogzavnili eqvsi epistoledan

Cans, saqarTvelodan Sesawiravis udanakargod, didi ra-

odenobiT da regularulad waReba iyo. imave dros pat-

riarqi dosiTeosi gamosTqvamda mosazrebebs qarTveli

adresatebis mier dasmul sxvadasxva kiTxvebze. amjerad

SevCerdebi dosiTeosis ukanasknel V da VI epistoleeb-

ze, romlebic daTariRrebulia 1706 wlis ivnisiTa da

ivlisiT.

ivnisis epistoledan vigebT, rom vaxtangs aintere-

sebda patriarqis azri, rogor unda gagrZelebuliyo

qarTlis samefos urTierToba iranTan, rodesac es uka-

naskneli mudmivad iTxovda xarkis saxiT qristiani axa-

lgazrdebis gagzavnas iranSi. yuradRebas iqcevs vax-

tangis mier kiTxvis formulireba. kiTxva isea dasmu-

li, rom kargad gamoCndes Tavisi samefos gaWirvebiT

Sewuxenuli mefis sazrunavi, rogorme gadaarCinos Ta-

visi qristiani Tanamemamule qveSevrdomebi iranSi gag-

zavnisa da iq gardauvali gamahmadianebisgan. kiTxvaSi

saqarTvelo, II, gany. III, Tbilisi, 1913, gv. 54-56; lorTqifa-

niZe m., àfxazTa mefeTa divanis~ da ierusalimis patriarq

dosiTeosis SromaSi afxazTa mefeebis Sesaxeb arsebul

cnobaTa SedarebisaTvis // Tsu Sromebi, 328, istoria, arqeo-

logia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, eTnografia, Tbilisi, 1999, gv.

80-84; tivaZe T., ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis werili

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb // qarTuli wyaroTmcodneoba, III, Tbi-

lisi, 1971; mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis

urTierTobis istoriidan, gv. 59-229.

233

Cans, rom vaxtangi ekiTxeba patriarqs, marTlmadidebel-

Ta sulier winamZRolsa da politikur moRvawes, rom-

lis avtoritets aRirebs da endoba. dosiTeosis pasux-

obs Semdegnairad: ùganaTlebuleso mefe vaxtang! gve-

kiTxebi da iTxov darigebas: `radgan iranis Sahi yvela mxridan qristianebs iTxovs, mihyavs da Tavis sarwmu-noebaze moaqcevs, amitom mec vagroveb da vugzavni. sxva-nairad ar SeiZleba, radgan Sahi iveriidan swored aseT xarks iTxovs. Tu mravals ar gavugzavniT, maSin gaCaR-deba omi da xifaTSi Cacvivdeba iveriis yvela qris-

tiani~. aseTia Seni SekiTxva! – da iTxov raime sakano-

nos (epitimias1), raTa RvTis winaSe codvili ar darCe~. dosiTeosis pasuxSi gamosWvivis, rom is iTvalis-

winebs qarTlis samefos sisustes iranTan SedarebiT.

misi azriT, qarTlis gamgebelma unda gamoiCinos dip-

lomatia da moaxerxos, rom gasces rac SeiZleba nak-

lebi msxverpli. amitom: `Cveni pasuxi aseTia: radgan am xarkis ar micema ukve SeuZlebelia, amitom saWiroa, rac SeiZleba naklebi qristiani gaigzavnos. imave dros am xarkiT Sahs unda daumtkicos erTguleba, mxolod ise, rom ar gaizardos gasagzavni adamianebis raodenoba. Tu qarTlis gamgebeli Sewyvets am Cveulebas, sxva mainc aRadgens. cxadi iqneba, rom igi amas akeTebs Tavis nebiT, rac momakvdinebeli codvaa. ra formiTac ar un-da gasce qristianebi, mainc codvad iTvleba. `wm. mamebi epitimias adeben ara mxolod Segnebuli mkvlelobisa-Tvis, aramed uneburisTvisac...~2

1 epitimia (Zvel berZnulad sasjeli) _ moralur-gamaswore-

beli sasjeli, rasac sulieri mama daadebs morwmune saero-

ebs. sajeli SeiZleba iyos xangrZlivi marxva, locva... 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan, gv. 223.

234

dosiTeosi qarTlis gamgebels, vaxtangs, erT mniS-

vnelovan darigebas aZlevs: `yvela qristiani samoqala-

qo mmarTveli mefec unda iyos da arqielic. is mefea, roca samarTlianad ganagebs samoqalaqo saqmeebs, arC-

evs samarTals, erideba mtaceblobas, angarebas da usa-

marTlo sikvdils da a.S. da a.S. is arqielia, roca sa-

eklesio saqmeebSi exmareba arqielebs, mRvdlebs da ber-

monazvnebs, eklesiebs, maT samoqalaqo saqmeebSi Carevis nebas ar aZlevs, aramed eklesiebsa da qristianebze mzrunvelobisaTvis warmarTavs...~1.

dosiTeosisTvis miuRebeli iyo laTini patrebi da

grigorianelebi yvelgan da, ra Tqma unda, saqarTve-

loSic, gansakuTrebiT miuRrebeli iyo kaTolikuri

sarwmunoebis propaganda. misi azriT, saSiSi iyvnen la-

Tini mRvdlebi, somxebs ki, rogorc patriarqi ganmartavs,

mxolod TavianTi saqme ainteresebdaT, marTlmadideblebi

maTgan Seviwroebas ar ganicdidnen

patriarq dosiTeoss mizanSewonilad miaCnda radi-

kaluri zomebis gatareba kaTolikebis mimarT saqarTve-

loSi. igi mimarTavs vaxtangs: `mxolod erT mowyalebas gTxovT: CamoarTviT laTin berebs eklesiebi da Camo-

iSoreT Tqvengan. ierusalimSi laTinebi cdilobdnen jvris monasteri agarianebisagan eyidaT, isini mTels frankTa qveyanaSi arc erT marTlmadidebel mRvdels ar awirvineben, Tu paps ar moixseniebs. maS, qarTlSi wirva-locvis dros ratom moixsenieben paps da ara ka-

Talikoss? garekeT laTini berebi Tqvengan~2. 1706 wlis ivlisis epistoleSi dosiTeosi msje-

lobs ierusalimis qarTuli jvris monastris valebi-

dan ganTavisuflebisaTvi dosiTeosis giorgi XI-is, mi-

1 iqve, gv. 224-225. 2 iqve, gv. 225-226.

235

si Zma levanis da patriarq domenti III-is SeTanxmebaze,

qarTuli mxridan yvela saWiro Tanxis gadaxdasa da

dosiTeosis mier gaweul Sromaze qarTuli monastrebis

valebidan ganTavisuflebisaTvis. miRweuli Sedegidan

gamomdinare, dosiTeosi acxadebs: iverielebs `vubru-nebT rogorc wm. jvris monasters, ise sxvebsac, rogo-

ricaa: wminda nikolozis, wm. Tevdores, wm. basilis, wm. anas da ebrauli wm. giorgis [monastrebi], valebis ga-

reSe da yovelmxriv Tavisufals. arc Cven da arc Cven Semdgomi wm. qalaq ierusalimis wminda patriarqebi, arc erTi wminda saflavis mama da nacvali, ar moviTxovT fuls iverielTagan, arc bevrs arc cotas, arc imis sa-nacvlos, rac Cven miveciT valebis da procentebis das-afaravad, arc imisaTvis, rac Cven SevwireT ganaxlebis, xojetebis, brZanebebis, xatiSerifebis da sxva xarjebi-saTvis. dae, maTi monastrebi Tavisufali iyos yoveli moTxovnis, yoveli valis da yoveli Semawuxebeli mTxovnebisagan da qristesmoyvaruli iverielebi sruli baton-patronebi iyvnen~1. epistole mTavrdeba dosi-

Teosis mimarTviT imaT mimarT, vinc aRiareben da vinc

SeewinaaRmdegebian patriarqis mier miRebul qarTul

monastrebTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebas2.

patriarq dosiTeosis mier ierusalimSi zogierT

siwmindeebze, gansakuTrebiT wminda jvris monasterze,

qarTvelTa uflebebis aRiareba vaxtang VI-is mier ieru-

salimis sapatriarqos mimarT gatarebuli swori da sa-

marTliani politikis Sedegi iyo. dosiTeoss vaxtangis

mier wayenebuli argumentebisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawe-

va ar SeeZlo. is rogorc SorsmWvretel politikosi da

diplomati iTvaliswinebda Tavisi drois saerTaSoriso

1 iqve, gv. 227-228. 2 iqve, gv. 228-229.

236

urTierTobebs da xels ar aZlevda saqarTvelos saer-

TaSoriso avtoritetis Selaxva im dros, rodesac TiT-

qmis yvela marTlmadidebeli qveyana osmaleTs upiris-

pirdeboda. amitom iyo, rom man qarTvelobas, rogorc

misi epistoleebidan Cans, de iure SeunarCuna ierusali-

mis qarTul siwmindeebze mflobeloba. xelT rom gvqo-

neboda vaxtang VI-is werilebi dosiTeosisadmi, romle-

bic, safiqrebelia, dawerili iyo ultimatumis toniT

(amitom unda iyos dosiTeosi Tavis marTlebis pozici-

aSi), maSin gavigebdiT mefis im argumentebs, romliTac

igi icavda sakuTrebas da uflebebs ierusalimis qarT-

ul siwmindeebze. patriarq dosiTeosis memkvidre patri-

arqma qrisanTosma yvelaferi gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom

biZis, dosiTeosis mier vaxtang VI-sTan urTierTobaSi

`daSvebuli Secdomebi~ gaesworebia. igi qarTul mxares

edaveboda imaSi, raSic araviTari brali miuZRvoda,

kerZod im damatebiT TanxebSi, romelic ierusalimis

sapatriarqom gadaixada damatebiT (?), qarTul mxa-

resTan SeTanxmebis gareSe.

patriarqi dosiTeos II-s vaxtangTan mimowerisas ar

gamorCenia Tavisi azri gaezirebina iseT umniSvnelovan-

es sakiTxze, rogoric iyo laTini misionerebis yofna

saqarTveloSi. igi gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad ayalibebs

Tavis pozicias vaxtang VI-sTvis gagzavnil werilSi

(1706 w.), romelSic, SeiZleba iTqvas, mocemulia qarT-

lis samefoSi moRvawe kaTolike patrebis danaSauleb-

rivi saqmianobis daxasiaTeba da maTi gandevnis moTxov-

na. misi es moTxovna Camoyalibebulia oTx muxlad. ese-

nia: 1. moTxovna laTini mRvdlebis Tbilisidan gandev-

nisa Tundac imitom, rom isini acduneben qarTlis same-foSi mcxovreb somxebs, hyofen maT orad da apirispire-ben erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg (sayuradReboa, rom ierusa-limis patriarqi aseT SeSfoTebas ar gamosTqvams qarT-

237

velebis gamo, rac sagulisxmos xdis, rom maT gakaTo-

likebis saSiSroeba ar emuqrebodaT); 2. isini unda gani-

devnon imitom, rom romSi gagzavnil werilebSi cils swameben marTlmadideblebs, TiTqos maT kaTolikoba aRiares, rac aseve ciliswamebaa qarTuli eklesiis mi-marT. amave dros isini, saero sibrZniT aRWurvilni da

mWermetyvelni xalxs atyueben, rac gamoixateba wm. we-

rilis mcdarad axsnasa da wm. mamebis Rvawlis damax-

injebiT ganmartebaSi; 3. kaTolike patrebma saqareTve-

loSi, rom fexi moikides, rac pirvel rigSi gamoixata

maTTvis eklesiebis micemaSi, brali miuZRvis vaxtang

VI-is papas Teimuraz I-s. es Secdoma unda gamoasworos

vaxtangma; 4. giorgi XI-s dosiTeosisaTvis uanderZia,

rom jvris monastris valebidan ganTavisuflebis Sem-

deg laTinebs eklesiebs CamoarTmevda, saxeldobr, Tbi-

lisis eklesias miscemda jvris iRumens (jvarismamas),

xolo goreli kaTolikebis eklesias ki somxebs. amas-

Tan erTad, qarTlis mefe patriarqs dapirda laTini

berebis qarTlidan garekvas. patriarq dosiTeosis az-

riT, mefe giorgi XI-is anderZis Sesruleba vaxtangis

valia. amave muxlSi CamoTvlilia, agreTve, laTinebis

iseTi danaSaulebebi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, maT mier

ierusalimSi jvris monastris xelSi Cagdebis mcde-

loba; seriozuli braldeba iyo isic, rom arc erT

kaTolikur saxelmwifoSi marTlmadidebel mRvdels

wirvis uflebas ar miscemdnen, Tu is paps ar moixse-

niebda. saqarTveloSi ki, patrebi wirva-locvis dros

moixsenieben mxolod paps, qarTvelTa kaTalikoss ki

ara. dosiTeosi Tavis epistoles amTavrebs mowodebiT,

romelSic srulad gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas

kaTolikebisa da romis papis mimarT. is vaxtangsa da

qarTvel marTlmadideblebs mimarTavs: `garekeT laTin-Ta berebi Tqvengan... eseni... papistebi, romlebic erT

238

uwmindur da codvil adamians dedamiwaze meore RmerTs uwodeben. maT daRupes marTlmadidebelTa sauflo~1.

wyaroebis uqonlobis gamo Znelia Tqma imisa, rogo-

ri zemoqmedeba moaxdina dosiTeosis epistolem vaxtang

mefeze, an mas rogori urTierToba hqonda kaTolike pa-

trebTan iranSi gamgzavrebamde, e.i. 1703-1712 wlebSi.

vaxtang VI-is iranTan da ruseTTan urTierTobis gakveTilebi

XVII saukunis bolo oceulSi qarTlis samefoSi

arsebulma politikurma daZabulobam, iranis ganuwyve-

telma zewolam (mefeebi faqtiurad veRar mefobdnen,

mudmivad iranis imperiis interesebisaTvis iqnevdnen

xmals) da lekebis Tavdasxmebma samefo ekonomikurad

da politikurad daasusta. iranis jaris sardlad yan-

daharSi gagzavnilma giorgi XI-m SahTan SeTanxmebiT

gamgeblad (janiSinad, im pirobiT, mas kvlavac SeeZlo

taxtis dakaveba) datova Tavisi ZmisSvili vaxtangi, ro-

melic SemdegSi qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-is saxeliT

mefobda.

zogad xazebSi cnobilia, rom aRmosavleTi saqarT-

velo sefianTa iranis vasali iyo, rac pirvel rigSi

gulisxmobda mis politikur kavSirs siuzerenTan, mag-

ram Znelia saqarTvelo-iranis urTierToba sefianTa di-

nastiis bolo periodSi zustad CamovayaliboT, raSi

mdgomareobda es politikuri kavSiri.

XVIII saukunidan iranis imperiaSi wina saukuneeb-

Tan SedarebiT TiTqos religiuri momenti aRar gansaz-

Rvravda sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis Sinaarss,


istoriidan, 224-226.

239

magram qarTlis valis oficialur mahmadianobas Sahis

kari mainc seriozul mniSvnelobas aniWebda: `qarTlis mmarTvelis mahmadianoba imas niSnavda, rom irani `gur-jistans~ Tavis provinciad ganixilavda; Tumca qarTlis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi amas arsebiTi cvlileba ar moutania. aRmosavleT saqarTvelosadmi aseTi politi-kiT irani aSkarad upirispirdeboda ruseTisa da os-maleTis miznebs am qveyanaSi. garda amisa, `gurjista-nis~ `qristianizmi~, rasac irani saqarTveloSi rusuli orientaciis gamarjvebad miiCnevda, gamoiwvevda iranSi sxva qristianTa gamaTavisuflebel moZraobas. amitomac Sahi bevr daTmobaze midioda `gurjistanis valis~ winaSe, umatebda mas titulebs, udidebda `jamagirs~. aZlevda soflebs iranSi, oRond iranis Sahisa da misi oficialuri sarwmunoebis erTguli yofiliyo~1.

gadavxedoT vaxtang VI-is iranTan urTierTobas,

romelic gvesaxeba rogorc Zalian meryevi da cvaleba-

di.

qarTveli xalxisa da vaxtang VI-is piradi namdvi-

li damokidebuleba iranis mimarT gamomJRavnda sasurv-

el samxedro-politikur `partniorTan~, ruseTTan ur-

TierTobis dros XVIII saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyi-

sSi. aRniSnul periodSi SemuSavda saqarTvelo-ruseTis

gegma iranis winaaRmdeg. ruseTis politikur-ekonomiku-

ri interesebi misi mTavrobis winaSe dRis wesrigSi aye-

nebda dasustebuli iranis samxreT kaspiispireTis pro-

vinciebis dapyrobas da indoeTTan da CineTTan pirda-

piri savaWro kavSiris damyarebas. ruseTis xelisufle-

bis ganzraxvis saswrafod sisruleSi moyvanas ubiZgeb-

da is garemoebac, rom ruseTis samxedro konkurenti

1 qiqoZe m., politikuri viTareba XVIII saukunis pirvel oce-

ulSi // saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 403-404

240

osmaleTi, romelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi cdilob-

da iranis dasaxelebul samflobeloebze gabatonebas,

Seqmnil viTarebas TavisTvis xelsayrelad miiCnevda. am-

itom orive saxelmwifosaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda,

vis mxareze dadgeboda aRmosavleT saqarTvelo.

***

mkvlevrebi, xSirad, rodesac ixilaven aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos samefoebis sagareo politikas XVIII sau-

kunis pirvel meoTxedSi vaxtang mefes sayveduroben,

rom man ver gamoiCina qveynis meTaurisaTvis saWiro win-

daxeduleba da ruseTs miendo, im ruseTs, romelic er-

Ti SexedviT, imitom Semovida amierkavkasiaSi, rom ebr-

Zolos saqarTvelos saukunovan mtrebs _ iransa da os-

maleTs, romlebic xSirad saqarTvelos gamoc ebrZodn-

en erTmaneTs.

XX-XXI saukuneTa gadasaxedidan TiTqos kargad

Cans romeli Secdomebi dauSves qarTvelma politikose-

bma mokavSirisa da mfarvelis Ziebis dros. magram kri-

tikosebs mxedvelobis miRma rCebaT is garemoeba rogor

cdilobdnen qarTvelebi saerTo ena gamoenaxaT Zlier

mezoblebTan. istorikosebi sinanuliT aRniSnaven, rom

vaxtang mefe unda mimxvdariyo petres miznebs kaspiispi-

reTSi, Secdoma iyo susti iranisaTvis zurgis Seqceva

da sxv. magram Tu gadavxedavT Tundac mxolod sefian-

Ta iransa da saqarTvelos urTierTobis istorias ro-

melic mSvenivrad icoda mefe vaxtangma, davinaxavT, rom

qarTvelebi umetesad mxars uWerdnen gaWirvebaSi Cavar-

dnil irans, magram Sedegs yovelTvis erTsa da igives _

sawinaaRmdegos iRebdnen. aseTi iyo sefianTa dinastiis

gamefebisas qarTvelebis ismail pirvelisTvis SeiaraRe-

buli ZaliT mxardaWera; Sedegi _ ismailisa da misi me-

mkvidre Sah-Tamazisgan akleba da daxarkva; iranis mxar-

241

Si dadgoma e.w. iran-osmaleTis meore omis dros; gaZ-

lierebulma Sah-abas I-ma samagiero imiT gadauxada yof-

il mokavSireebs, rom jer maTi sruli morCileba moin-

doma, Semdeg ki kaxeTi da qarTli aaoxra; ase gagrZel-

da mTeli XVII saukune. miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvele-

bi gamudmebiT iranis interesebisaTvis iRupebodnen, ma-

inc irani maTi samSoblos srul damonebas cdilobda

qarTuli saxelmwifo institutebis moCvenebiTi SenarCu-

nebiT.

XV saukunis dasasrulidan aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los politikuri mesveurni iranis agresiis Sesakaveb-

lad eZebdnen mokavSires xan dasavleT evropaSi, xan

ruseTSi. kaTolike evropelebi im daxmarebis sanacvl-

od, romelsac isini verasodes gauwevdnen saqarTvelos,

marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebisaTvis miuRebel pirobas

ayenebdnen, moskovis mefeebi ki iran-osmaleTTan diplo-

matiuri urTierTobebis dros qarTlsa da kaxeTs, mog-

vianebiT (XVII s.-dan) dasavleT saqarTvelosac, mxolod

sityvierad icavdnen, rac mezobeli saxelmwifoebis qar-

Tuli samefoebis mimarT mtrobas aRvivebda.

qarTveli politikosebis mier mokavSire-mfarvelis

dauRalavi Zieba gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad gamoCnda vax-

tang VI-is dros. man scada moegvarebina urTierToba

iranTan, magram ar gamovida, scada moeZebna mokavSire

parizSi, romSi, venaSi, magram uSedegod. aseT viTareba-

Si vaxtangs TviTon miakiTxa ruseTis xelmwifem da saq-

arTvelos xsnis piroba misca, Tumca mxolod sityvier-

ad. igi gansakuTrebiT xazs usvamda im garemoebas, rom

muslimani Crdilo kavkasielebisa da iranis winaaRmdeg

ruseTis brZolis mizani saqarTvelos da samxreT kavka-

siis qristiani mosaxleobis muslimanTa uRlisa da Cag-

vrisagan gaTavisufleba iyo.

242

amgvarad, saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan gamoCndnen

qristianuli, erTmorwmune saxelmwifos diplomatebi

da jari. isini acxadebdnen: undodaT qarTvelebTan er-

Tad ebrZolaT qarTvelTa istoriuli mtris iranis wi-

naaRmdeg.

ra Tqma unda, brali unda davdoT ruseTis mTav-

robas da piradad petre I-s, rom man moatyua vaxtang VI

da qarTlis samefo gawira. oponentebi vaxtangis mimarT

amboben _ ar unda motyuebuliyoo. rodesac vecnobiT

Sesabamis dokumentur da naratiul wyaroebs, Cavukvir-

debiT vaxtangis mier ruseTis mimarT gadadgmul nabij-

ebs, Tu gavixsenebT saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobis

bolo or saukunes, SeiZleba warmovidginoT vaxtangis,

rogorc adamianis da samefos meTauris sulieri gan-

wyoba: rogorc iqna gamoCda saxelmwifo, Tanac marTl-

madidebluri, romelic mas sTavazobda mokavSireobas

da erTobliv brZolas misi qveynis damaqceveli iranis

winaaRmdeg. rogor SeiZleboda vaxtangs warmoedgina is

Sedegi, romliTac dasrulda misi urTierToba petres-

Tan. aseTi gamocdileba ruseTTan mimarTebaSi im dros

qarTvel politikosebs ar hqondaT. davuSvaT, vaxtangs

gaeziarebina saxelmwifo darbazis im wevrebis azri,

romlebic ruseTTan kavSirs uaryofdnen da iranis gve-

rdiT dadgomas moiTxovdnen. vaxtang mefe maT rCevas

ver gaiziarebda, radgan man kargad icoda, rom jer ki-

dev Sah-abas I-is droidan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

mravlad iyvnen iranis agentebi, ufro metic, mas aseTad

miaCnda da safuZvlianadac zogierTi Tavisi Zmebidanac

ki. Tu gavixsenebT im politikur viTarebas, romelic

Seiqmna qarTlis samefoSi vaxtangis tyveobisas (imas

rom ar mivxedoT rac xdeboda XVII s. bolo mexuTedsa

da XVIII s. pirvel mexuTedSi), ra Tqma unda, mefes hqon-

da valdebuleba gadaerCina qveyana da xalxi. unda moe-

243

Zebna iranis sawinaaRmdegod is Zala romelsac saukune-

ebis ganmavlobaSi eZebdnen bagrationi mefeebi. vaxtang

mefe ruseTisgan Ralats ar moeloda, radgan saqarTve-

lo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoria amgvar faqtebs jer

ar icnobda. rusi diplomatebi iseTi `gulwrfelobiT~

urTierTobdnen masTan, rom maTgan Ralats ver warmo-

idgenda. `magram mefe vaxtangi ise gatacebuli iyo rus-Ta xelmwifis winadadebiT, rom araviTari eWvic ar epa-reboda da Rrmad darwmunebuli iyo, rom petre I-Tan Tanxmobrivi samxedro moqmedeba saqarTvelos bedniere-bas moaniWebda. amitom is da misi Tanamoazre darbais-elni dauyovnebliv galaSqrebis momxreni iyvnen~1. vaxtang mefe male darwmunda, rom ruseTis sagareo

politika iseTive daundobeli iyo, rogorc iranis da

osmaleTis, romlebTanac mudmivad Sexeba hqonda. gavix-

senoT misi sityvebi baadur TurqestaniSvilisaTvis mi-

werili: `rac gvatyue, is gveyofis~-o2. vaxtangis es sit-

yvebi iribad mimarTuli iyo rogorc petre I-sadmi, ise

moskovis qarTuli koloniisadmi, saidanac qarTlis me-

fes, albaT, im `saimedo~ informacias ugzavnidnen petr-

es Sesaxeb, romelzec vrclad visaubreb Sesabamis adgi-

las. ar gamovricxav rom, baadur TurqestaniSvili Tvi-Tonac motyurbuli iyo. rusi diplomatebi aseve cru imedebs usaxavdnen moskovSi mcxovreb qarTelebs. es ukanasknelni ki yvela mopovebul cnobas rusT xelmwi-

1 javaxiSvili iv., damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris me-XVIII saukuneSi, Tbilisi, 1919. gv. 8; javaxiSvili

iv., qarTveli eris istoria, xuT tomad, t. V, Tbilisi, 2013,

gv. 65. 2 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770, С.-Петербург, 1861, с. 155.

244

fis saqarTvelos mimarT `keTili~ ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb, vaxtang mefes uziarebdnen1.

zogadad erTi ram mainc unda iTqvas: feodalizmis

epoqaSi (ase iyo sxva epoqebSic) patara da susti qve-

ynisaTvis didi da Zlieri saxelmwifo arasodes yofi-

la uangaro damcveli da mfarveli, miT umetes megoba-

ri. didi yovelTvis, ama Tu im saSualebiT da formiT

imorCilebda mezobels. gamonaklisi arc saqarTvelos

mezoblebi iyvnen.

vaxtang VI-is urTierToba

avstriasTan da romTan petre I-is mier antiiranul samxedro avantiuraSi

CaTreulma vaxtang VI-m, rodesac dainaxa, rom mis same-

fos iranisa da osmaleTis momakvdinebeli safrTxe da-

emuqra, ganizraxa erTxel kidev moesinja evropidan da-

xmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.

safiqrebelia, vaxtang mefe iTvaliswinebda XVIII

sakunis pirvel meoTxedSiosmaleTis saxelmwifos mezo-

beli saxelmwifoebis _ ruseTisa da avstriis, aseve os-

maleTTan mudmivad mtrul opoziciaSi myofi romis in-

teresebs. vaxtangi imasac gaiTvaliswinebda, rom dasaxe-

1 vaxtang VI-is sagareo politakaze, mis mier mokavSiris Zieb-

aze, rom mniSvnelovani gavlena hqonda arCil II-s, amis Sesa-

xeb TviT vaxtangi laparakobs Tavis `salbunad gulisa~-Si.

`mefes arCilsa sZraxevden, sxvas Tems, rom iyo mvlelia, /

ig anTebulsa saxl-karsa Seeqna damanelia; / mec masve mZra-

xven, aq movel, maS, ra vqnaT, ra saqnelia? / mas lomsa, vefx-

ebr kiskassa, Wkua hqonia mTelia~. Cveni saunje. qarTuli

mwerloba oc tomad, 5, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 195, str. 83.

245

lebuli saxelmwifoebis erT-erTi loozungi osmaleT-

Tan dapirispirebis dros iyo qristianebis dacva.

vaxtangma osmaleTTan dapirispirebul avstrias mi-

marTa. avstriis xelisufleba rom saqarTveloTi dae-

interesebina, vaxtangma sxva veraferi SesTavaza, garda

imisa, rom avstrielebsQqarTlis samefoSi mcxovrebi ka-

Tolikebi daecvaT muslimTa Tavdasxmebisagan. 1722 w. 29

noembers vaxtang mefe avstriis elCs konstantinopolSi

werda: `gacnobebT Tqven, rogorc misi imperatorobis udidebulesobis warmomadgenels portaSi, rom amJamad iqauri mahmadiani mmarTveli Cvens sazRvrebTan axlos Tavs uyris mniSvnelovan samxedro Zalebs, raTa Cvenze moulodneli TavdasxmiT gaanadguros Cveni samflo-belo da Zirfesvianad aRmofxvras aq qristianuli sa-xelis yovelgvari xseneba. gvwams, rom gansacdeli da tanjva aqauri ubeduri qristianebisa, romelTa Soris aris bevri adamiani, romelic kaTolikur sarwmunoebas aRiarebs, gamoiwvevs Tqvens gulSi sibralulis grZno-bas. da... vevedrebi Tqvens gulmodginebas qristiano-bisaTvis, raTa Tqven piradad aiRoT Tqvens Tavze po-rtaSi yvelaze qmediTi Suamdgomloba, razedac geved-rebiT da vloculob Tqvenze savsebiT darwmunebuli, rom RmerTi erTi asad mogizRavT Tqven da Tavisi sur-vilisamebr warmarTavs imperatoris iaraRs. werili, romelic Tan erTvis gTxovT keTil ineboT, gadaugzav-noT imperators. amJamad Cvens sazRvrebTan gzebs mahma-dianebi sdarajoben, rac ar maZlevs saSualebas es we-rili erT-erTi Cemi Sikrikis xeliT gadmogigzavnoT~1.

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso arenaze XVIII sauku-

nis meore naxevarSi (erekle II-is sagareo politikis isto-

riidan), Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 77-78.

246

rogorc avstriis elCisaTvis gankuTvnil werilSi

iyo aRniSnuli, vaxtangs gadawyvetili hqonda vstriis

imperator karlos VI-isaTvis (1711-1740) miemarTa. radgan

mas sxva saSualeba ar hqonda, imperatorisaTvis gankuT-

vnili werilic elCs gadaugzavna konstantinopolSi.

vaxtang mefem Tavisi werilis leitmotivad igive

gamoiyena, rac mocemuli iyo misi elCisaTvis gagzavnil

werilSi da mxolod is daumata, rom TviTonac kaTo-

like iyo, magram saqarTveloSi arsebuli areulobis

gamo ver amxelda: `hoi keisaro! RvTisagan amaRlebulo saimperatoro taxtze, raTa, viTarca mTavari, winamZR-vroba uyoT yvela qristiane erTa. vici Tqveni mowyale guli aRiZreba egoden gaWirvebasa da Sewuxebaze, rasac ganicdis qristes saxelisaTvis aqauri eri, am Jamad mahmadianebis mTavari jars agrovebs Cven mezobel qve-ynebSi, raTa aiklos erTanad Cveni samTavro da am mxa-reSi mTlad mospos qristianoba, rogoraTac dagve-muqra. amnair gaWirvebaSi mxolod is gza dagvrCa, rom mivmarTo Tqvens gulmowyaleobas raTa, an ZaliT da an Tqveni elCis SuamdgomlobiT portas1 winaSe SeaCeroT es mahmadianebi, ar moviden, Tavisi muqara ar Seasrulon da ar amogvwyviton. Tumca Tqveni sakeisro mfarvelo-bis uRirsni arian es erni, radgan ganyrilni arian WeSmaritis romis eklesiisagan, garna am Cvens samTav-roSi Zriel bevri kaTolikebi arian da mec amaT ricxv-Si viTvlebi, xolo am qveynis areuloba nebas ar maZl-evs Cemi kaTolikoba gamovacxado. Cems valdebulebad vcan es vauwyo Tqvens xelmwifobas, radgan Tu Tqvenis gul-mowyalebiT aqeT myofT kaTolike eklesiis erTg-ul Svilebs mfarveloba aRmouCineT, maSin vinc gayri-lni arian, waxalisdebian da kaTolike WeSmaritebas

1 porta _ amjerad, sulTnis kari.

247

aRiareben. amitom didad gevedrebi da viTxov Tqvens mfarvelobas. mahmadianebisagan gzebi Sekrulia, amitom Cveni xarisxovan pirTagani gamovgzavneT...~1

amgvarad, vaxtang mefe imperator karls mTeli qa-

rTlis samefos gakaTolikebis perspeqtivas usaxavs, im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu avstria qarTlis samefos muslimTagan

daicavs. àmitom umorCilesad gevedrebiT Tqvens did mfarvelobas~ – werda vaxtangi2. magram avstriis saim-peratoro kari gulgrili darCa rogorc saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi kaTolikebis, ise marTlmadideblebis mimarT.

rwmenis sakiTxi, rogorc avstrieli, ise qarTveli po-

litikosebisaTvis, saWiroebis mixedviT, erT-erTi saSu-

aleba iyo sagareo politikaSi TavianTi qveynebis poli-

tikuri interesebis gansaxorcieleblad.

Seqmnili viTarebiT SeSfoTebulma vaxtangma imave

ricxvSi (29 seqtemberi) sagangebo werili gaugzavna,

agreTve, romis pap inokenti XIII-es (1721-1724) da sTxova

Suamdgomloba osmaleTis mTavrobasTan, raTa Tavidan

aecilebina Turqebis Semoseva. radgan masSic gameorebu-

lia zemoT citirebul werilebSi daxatuli suraTi qa-

rTlis gaWirvebul mdgomareobas da osmalebis Tavdas-

xmis saSiSroebas rom asaxavs, amitom mis srul gadmo-

cemas moveridebi da mxolod im adgils gadmovcem sa-

dac kvlav kaTolikeTa Sesaxebaa laparaki: `Tumca es eri uRirsia Tqveni uwmindesobis mfarvelobisa, radgan

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 340-341; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso arenaze

XVIII saukunis meore naxevarSi (erekle II-is sagareo

politikis istoriidan), gv. 78-79. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso arenaze XVIII sauku-

nis meore naxevarSi (erekle II-is sagareo politikis isto-

riidan), gv. 78-79.

248

maTgani mometebuli ar emorCilebian Tqvens wminda say-darsa. garna me gpirdebi vcxovrobde Tqveni morCilebis qveS wmida kaTolike sarwmunoebis aRmasrulebeli, rog-orc Cemi winaparni: samwuxarod, aqauri ubedureba da xalxis Ralati nebas ar maZlevs cxadad aRviaro kaTo-likoba. vinaidan mamis sikeTe didad Seeweva WeSmarite-bis erTobaSi ganyril SvilTa Semoyvanasa, kvlav hyavT im kaTolikeTaTvisac, romlebic blomad arian am Cvens samTavroSi. Cem movaleobad Cavracxe, rom gacnoboT es garemoeba...~1 radgan vaxtangisTvis cxadi Seiqmna, rom

avstria Sors iyo saqarTvelos daxmarebis survilis-

gan, amis Semdeg mas aRar ucdia am saxelmwifosTan

raime kavSiris Zebna.

vaxtang VI-is urTierToba safrangeTTan2

saqarTvelo-safrangeTis diplomatiuri urTierTo-

bas erTi SexedviT xanmokle istoria aqvs. magram ara-

pirdapiri cnobebi sagulisxmos xdis, rom es urTier-

Toba ufro xangrZlivi iyo, yovel SemTxvevaSi, XVII s.

dasawyisidan XVIII s. 10-iani wlebis Sua xanebamde mainc.

igi dakavSirebuli iyo safrangeTis interesTan daem-


gv. 340. 2 vaxtang VI-is evopasTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis amsax-

veli sakmaod uxvi dokumenturi da naratiuli cnobebi da-

kavSirebulia sulxan-saba orbelianis safrangaTsa da ita-

liaSi mogzaurobasTan. es cnobebi xelmisawvdomi gaxades m.

brosem, m. TamaraSvilma, i. tabaRuam da sxvebma. isini sa-

Wiroebis mixedviT gamoviyene rodesac vixilavdi sulxan-

sabas rwmenisa da evropaSi misi gamgzavrebis sakiTxebs.

249

yarebina savaWro urTierToba iranTan da mizanSewoni-

lad miaCnda gamoeyenebina saqrTvelos xelsayreli geo-

politikuri mdgomareoba Tavisi ekonomikuri interese-

bisaTvis.

safrangeTis xelisufleba mniSvnelovan informa-

cias saqarTvelos Sesaxeb moipovebda iranSi moRvawe

kaTolike misionerebis, vaWar-mogzaurTa saSualebiT da

cdilobda gaWirvebaSi myofi qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-

is samefo gadaeqcia Tavisi nebis aRmsruleblad iran-

Tan urTierTobaSi. qarTvel politikosebs, bunebrivia,

eqnebodaT survili safrangeTis daintereseba saqarTve-

loTi TavianTi qveynis interesebisaTvis miesadagebinaT.

is rac Jan Sardenma aRniSna saqarTvelos, rogorc sat-

ranzito qveynis aRmosavleTTan vaWrobisaTvis mniSvne-

lobaze, qarTvelma politkosebma kidev ufro gaaqtiu-

res vaxtang VI-is meTaurobiT.

SemTxveviTi ar iyo vaxtang VI-is daintereseba saf-

rangeTiT. qarTlis mefisaTvis cnobili iqneboda saf-

rangeTis mTavrobis miswrafeba aRmosavleTis qveynebTan

savaWro kavSirebis gafarToebisaken, kerZod, safrangeT-

is diplomatiuri urTierToba iranTan, romelic poli-

tikur sakiTxebs gverds uvlida da gansakuTrebiT max-

vildeboda yuradReba savaWro-ekonomikur da kaTolike

misionerebis moRvaweobisaTvis kargi pirobebis Seqmnis

pirobebze.

XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan safrangeT-iranis ur-

TierToba TandaTan intensiuri xdeba. 1703-1704 wlebSi

iranis Sahi huseini safrangeTis mefes Txovda savaWro

xelSekrulebis dadebas1. magram safrangeTis mTavrobam,

romelic momxre iyo iranTan xelSekrulebis dadebisa,

1 Зоненштрал-Пискарский А. А., Международние торговые договоры

Персии, Москва, 1931, с. 50.

250

ver SeZlo molaparakebis gagrZeleba espaneTTan dawye-

buli samxedro dapirispirebis gamo.

1705 wels lui XIV-m iranSi elCad gagzavna xmel-

TaSua zRvis kompaniis yofili direqtoris Zma Janba-

tist fabri, romelsac daavala Seeswavla safrangeTis

saqonlis iranSi Setanis SesaZlebloba1. fabri mou-

lodnelad gardaicvala erevanSi. elCobas axlda Cvens

istoriografiaSi sakmaod cnobili avantiuristi qalba-

toni mari peti, romellmac pretenzia ganacxada el-

Cobis xelmZRvanelobaze. fabris adgilze daniSnul

lui miSelsa da mari pets Soris daiwyo brZola pirve-

lobisaTvis. mari petma lui miSels Caaswro ispaanSi,

sadac igi kargad miiRes. man safrangeTSi dabrunebisas,

1707 wels, saqarTveloSi gaiara. mari petis saqarTve-

loSi yofna da misi kontaqtebi vaxtang VI-sTan amje-

rad sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac mas mohyva qarT-

1 Lang D. M., Georgian Relations With France during the reing of Wakhtang VI

(1711-24) // Journal of the Roy Asiatik Society, parts 3 and 4, 114-126,

Oktober, 1950, p. 116; lengi devidDm., saqarTvelos safrangeTis

urTierToba vaxtang VI-is (1711-24 ww.) dros, dabeWdili `samef saazio sazogadoebis Jurnal aziatikSi~, naw. 3 da 4

1950 w. oqtomberi, (114-126), gv. 185; Louis Coquet, Colonel d’E-M. en

retraite. Une ambassade Géorgienne en France au Grand Sieécle 1713-1714

Solkan Saba Orbeliani chez Louis XIV // `Promethee, 1927, Février, #4, pp.

17-25: La Conférence àla Sorbonne, le 26 avril 1925. am statiis qarTu-

li Targmani: lui koke, generaluri Stabis gadamdgari pol-

kovniki: saqarTvelos elCoba safrangeTSi did saukuneSi, 1713-1714 ww. sulxan-saba orbeliani lui XIV-sTan // saqarT-

velos evrpisa da amerikis samecniero kvleviTi instituti.

saqarTvelos urTTierToba evropisa da amerikis qveynebTan,

t. III, Tbilisi, 1996, gv. 86-96, franguli teqsti, gv. 96-105;

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVII sauk-

unis I meoTxedi), gv. 67-73.

251

lis samfo karsa da safrangeTis maRali mdgomareobis

pirebs Soris mimowera1.

fabris nacvlad iranSi gaigzavna konstantinopol-

Si safrangeTis saelCos meore mdivani lui miSeli, ro-

melic ispaanSi Cavida 1708 wels da dado xelSekruleba

iranTan, romelic aregulirebda ori qveynis urTierTo-

bas. es xelSekruleba _ `kapitulaciebi safrangeTsa da

irans Soris~, Sedgeboda 31 muxlisagan2. maTSi lapara-

kia iranis imperiis teritoriaze frangi vaWrebisa da

maTi qonebis centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisufle

bis mier dacvisa da komerciuli saqmianobisTvis xelis

Sewyobaze.

kapitulaciebSi saqarTvelo, konkrtulad Tbilisi,

naxsenebia mxolod 26-e muxlSi, imperiis sxva qalaqebs

Soris. dasaxelebul muxlSi laparakia kaTolikuri

ordenebis berTa dacvaze imperiis teritoriaze arsebu-

1 Brosset M., Tradution de la letter du Prince de Georgie, ecrite ou roi de

France // Nouveau Journal Asiatique ou Recueil de Memories, d’Extraits et de

Notices, t. IX, Paris, 1832, pp. 213-215; `ciskari~, 1859, t. I, gv. 151-153; `droeba~, 1876, #43; gabaSvili v., sulxan-saba orbeliani, 1658-1958 // saiubileo krebuli, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 67; tabaRua

i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba. Tbilisi, 1972, gv.

67-78; sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis isto-

riidan (1707 wlis marti _ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I // Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi daurTo ilia tabaRuam,

Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 23-52; axalaZe n., iran-safrangeTis urTier-

Toba da saqarTvelo XVIII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi, Tbi-lisi, 1990, gv. 14-22; papaSvili m., madmuazel mari peti lui

XIV-is TviTmarqvia elCi iranSi da misi stumroba saqarTve-

loSi // Tsu zugdidis filiali, Sromebi, I, Tbilisi, 2002,

gv. 85-98. 2 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan

(1707 wlis marti_1714 wlis dekemberi), naw. I, gv. 59-75.

252

li sxva konfesiebis mimdevari mosaxleobis xelyofi-

sagan1.

es iyo iran-safrangeTis saxelmwifoebs Soris pir-

veli savaWro konvencia. wina xelSekrulebebi ideboda

mxlod dainteresebuli kompaniebis mier Sahis karTan2.

1713 wlis 25 aprils vaxtang mefes iranSi gadasces

safrangeTis mefe lui XIV-is werili, romlis mokle

Sinaarsis Sesaxeb vigebT mis mier 1714 wlis 7 aprils

imave mefesTan gagzavnili werilidan: `... werili, rom-liTac Tqvenma udidebulesobam Cven pativi dagvdo, Cag-vbarda @25 prils. man iseTi sixaruli mogvitana, roml-is gamoxatva ar SegviZlia weriliT... episkoposma de ga-likzonma, romelmac mowyalebiT miswera Cvens Sesaxeb Tqvens udidebulesobas, ver igrZno Cvens samflobelo-ebSi yovelive is, ris gakeTebac gvsurs da, rasac gava-keTebT yovelTvis, roca amis SemTxveva gveqneba, raTa davumtkicoT Tqvens udidebulesobas Cveni umdablesi madloba; gvsurs, rom Tqven amaSi kargad iyoT darwmu-nebuli; miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven CavvardiT urwmunoTa xelSi, romlebmac moatyues Cveni winamorbedni da varT aq daxmarebas moklebulni... Cemi Svilebi da Zmebi, rom-lebic Cems magivrad ganageben Cems samflobeloebs, ga-akeTeben zustad da siyvaruliT aRsavse guliT yoveli-ve imas, rasac Cven maT vubrZanebT Tqveni udidebuleso-bis samsaxurisaTvis, rodesac Tqven amas gvacnobebT~3.

1 iqve, gv. 72. 2 Herbette M., Une Ambassade persane sour Louis XIV, Paris, 1907, p. 250; papaSvili m., saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri urTierTo-

bani, gv. 31. 3 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan,

I, gv. 193-194.

253

samwuxarod, ar viciT zustad ras sTxovda safran-

geTis mefe qarTlis mefes, magram SeiZleba vivaraudoT,

rom mis werilSi iyo Txovna kaTolike misionerebis da

frangi vaWar-mogzaurobisadmi kargi mopyrobis Sesaxeb

saqarTveloSi. am pirobis dayeneba savaraudoa imitom,

rom frang vaWrebs aseTi problemebi hqondaT iranSi.

1713 wlis 28 noembers safrangeTis ministrma weri-

li gaugzavna ispaanSi vaxtang mefes, romelic Targmna

erT-erTma kapucinma, saxelad murmorom. amis Sesaxeb

laparakia imave kapucinis mier vaxtangis brZanebiT saf-

rangeTis ministrisadmi gagzavnil 1714 wlis 19 Teber-

vlis werlSi. masSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos mefe

arc aqamde aklebda kapucinebs yuradRebas da ase moepy-

roba amis Semdegac1.

imave kapucinis xeliT dawerili sxva weriliT vax-

tang mefe madlobas uxdis safrangeTis elCs konstanti-

nopolSi dezalors parizSi mimavali sulxan-sabas kar-

gi miRebis gamo2.

iranSi dakavebuli vaxtang mefis wona da mniSvne-

loba romisa da parizis axloaRmosavlur politikaSi

Camoyalibebulia papi klimenti XI-is lui XIV-isaTvis

gagzavnil werilSi (1714 w. 26 ivlisi). papi mefes

acnobebs imis Sesaxeb, rogor warsdaga mis winaSe sul-

xan-saba orbeliani da masTan saubarSi darwmunda, rom

saqarTvelos SeuZlia didi sargebeli moutanos saerTo

saqmes. rogorc papi werda, vaxtang mefes, romelic amJa-

mad iranis mefis sasaxleSia dakavebuli, luim gaaTavi-

suflos da, rodesac igi Tavis ZalauflebaSi aRsdgeba,

SesaZlebloba miecema saqarTvelo, romelsac mahmadian-


gv. 316. 2 iqve.

254

ur urwmunoebaSi Cavardna elis, gadaarCinos da, ro-

gorc vaxtang mefe acxadebs, apirebs kaTolikur sarw-

munoebaSi gadasvlas. amitom papi safrangeTis mefes

sTxovs da emudareba yovelgvari SesaZlebeli saxsrebi-

T, RonisZiebiTa da saSualebebiT, rasac yvelaze sauke-

Tesod da sasargeblod miiCnevs, saqarTvelos mefe us-

wrafesad gaaTavisuflebinos1.

rogorc Semdeg ganxiluli miwer-moweridanac naT-

lad gamoCndeba, parizsa da romSi seriozuli interesi

arsebobda vaxtang mefis yizilbaSTa xelidan daxsnis,

saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri eklesiis miznebisa da saf-

rangeTis iranTan vaWrobaSi misi gamoyenebisaTvis. mag-

ram raime serizuli nabiji ar gadaidga am ganzraxvis

realizaciisaTvis. mocemul periodSi safrangeTi di-

dad iyo dakavebuli evropel mezoblebTan diploma-

tiuri da samxedro saqmeebiT. safrangeTma evropaSi he-

gemonobis mopovebisaTvis dawyebul xangrZliv e.w. espa-

neTis memkvidreobisaTvis omSi (1700-1714), warmatebas ver

miaRwia. iwyeba misi TandaTanobiT daqveiTeba.

safrangeTisa da romis umoqmedobam saqarTvelos mi-

marT mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina vaxtang VI-is pira-

di cxovrebisa da qarTlis sagareo politikuri prio-

ritetis Secvlaze.

vaxtang VI-is urTierToba ruseTTan

XV s. 80-iani wlebidan qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefe-

ebi cdilobdnen ruseTTan daemyarebinaT iseTi urTier-

Toba, rom am perspeqtiul saxelmwifos daecva erTmor-

wmune qarTuli samefoebi. adre ukve aRvniSne, rom qar-

1 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan,

I, gv. 322-323. igive werili ix. iqve, gv. 326-328.

255

Tlis da kaxeTis samefoebs sxvadasxva sagareo politi-

kuri orientirebi hqondaT _ qarTli ixreboda kaToli-

kuri qveynebisaken, kaxeTi ki _ marTlmadidebeli ruse-

Tisken. XVII saukunis dasasrulidan da XVIII saukuneSi

qarTlis samefoc umetesad ruseTisken ixreboda, magram

imave dros zogjer zondirebas axdenda evropis poli-

tikur wreebSi.

***

XVII s. dasasrulidan XVIII s. pirvel meoTxedamde,

ufro zustad petre I-is mefobis dros ruseTis saxe-

lmwifo iwyebs manamade arnaxul gaZlierebas da, ro-

gorc xSirad rusi istorikosebi aRniSnavdnen da ro-

gorczogierTi qarTveli istorikosic imeorebda, ruse-

Tis sasicocxlo interesebi moiTxovda gasasvlelebis

mopovebas Tbil zRvebze _ mxedvelobaSi hqondaT Savi

da kaspiis zRvebi. magram ruseTi dasaxuli amocanis ga-

dawyvetas ver SesZlebda kavkasiaSi gabatonebis gareSe.

TiTqos Seiqmna iseTi saerTaSoriso situacia, rom rus-

eTi Tavisi ekonomikuri da samxedro resursebis mobi-

lizaciis Sedegad warmatebas miaRwevda.

osmaleTi sustdeboda Tavis mTavar samxedro mowi-

naaRmdegeebTan mimarTebaSic. araxelsayreli Seiqmna os-

maleTisaTvis saerTaSoriso viTareba. 1683 wels venasT-

an damarcxebam daasrula Turqebis winsvla evropaSi.

amis Semdeg is erTmaneTis miyolebiT hkargavda dapyro-

bil teritoriebs.

1684 wels osmaleTis imperiasTan sabrZolvelad

Seiqmna `wminda liga~, romelSic Sevida avstria, polo-

neTi, venecia, 1686 wels ligas SeuerTda ruseTi. ligis

brZola osmaleTis winaaRmdeg gaxangrZlivda. am peri-

odis sabrZolo moqmedebebidan mniSvnelovani iyo petre

256

I-is laSqrobebi azovisaTvis 1695-1696 wlebSi, Sav zRva-

ze gasasvlelis mopovebisaTvis.

osmaleTs did daxmarebas uwevdnen inglisisa da

holandiis diplomatebi. maT interesebSi ar iyo ruse-

Tis politikuri da ekonomikuri gaZliereba. rogorc

rusi elCi petre I-s swerda, inglisisa da holandiis

elCebs yovelTvis osmaleTis mxari eWiraT, radgan uZ-

velesi droidan masTan hqondaT farTo vaWroba, Sen

rom gemebis Seneba gaaCaRe da Seni gemebi azovTan da-

curaven, SurT, radgan TavianTi sazRvao vaWrobis

Seferxebisa eSniaTo1. 1698 wlis oqtomberSi karlovica-

Si (slovenia) Seikriba kongresi osmaleTsa da `wminda

ligas~ Soris zavis dasadebad. 1699 wels osmaleTsa da

ruseTs Soris Sewyda omi da ori wliT daido droebi-

Ti zavi, romlis ZaliTac azovi darCa ruseTis mflobe-

lobaSi.

***

moskovis mTavrobasTan diplomatiuri urTierTo-

bis dros, qarTveli politikosebi xazs usvamdnen im

garemoebas, rom maT ruseTis mfarveloba surdaT. mis

mfarvelobaSi Sesvla maT esmodaT ise, rom xarkis sana-

cvlod miiRebdnen samxedro aRWurvilobas, rusi samxe-

dro specialistebi moაmzadebdnen qarTvel samxedro

specialistebs, saWiroebisda mixedviT miiRebdnen subsi-

diebs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gansamtkiceblad da Tavi-

anTi ZaliT SeZlebdnen mtrebisgan Tavdacvas.

rogorc z. avaliSvili werda, aRmosavleT saqarT-

velos politikosebis mier proteqtoratis mopovebisa-

Tvis zrunva iyo bunebrivi Sedegi im ganwyobilebisa,

1 Соловьев С., История России, кн. VII, т. 14, Москва, 1965, с. 611.

257

rom Tundac arasruli damoukidebloba SeenarCunebin-

aT. sakuTari survilis sawinaaRmdegod iranis an osma-

leTis mier Tavsmoxveuli vasaluri damokidebuleba

iyo forma, romelsac saqarTvelo sixaruliT miiRebda

erTmorwmune saxelmwifosgan. TiTqmis erTnairi iyo saq-

arTvelos yvela samefo-samTavros pozicia, ukanasknel

momentamde, vidre ruseTi bolos mouRebda maT damo-

ukideblobas1.

mocemul periodis saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierT-

obis Sesaswavlad mniSvnelovania ierusalimis patriar-

qis dosiTeos II notaris cnobebi, romelic gviCvenebs

mis dainteresebas ruseTis Savi zRvis kampaniaSi Caeba

saqarTvelo. misi epistoleebidan kargad Cans, rom do-

siTeosi iyo is politikosi romlisTvisac mizani amar-

Tlebda saSualebas.

marTlmadidebluri saxelmwifoebis saTaveSi, do-

siTeosis azriT, unda yofiliyo misi drois yvelaze

Zlieri marTlmadidebluri saxelmwifo – ruseTi, rom-

lis saidumlo agentic TviTon iyo TiTqmis 40 wlis ga-

nmavlobaSi. is Tavisi informatorebis saSualebiT ag-

rovebda samxedro-politikuri xasiaTis cnobebs da ga-

dascemda ruseTis elCs konstantinopolSi an agzavnida

pirdapir moskovSi. magram ise ar unda gavigoT TiTqos

dosiTeosi ruseTis ubralo informatori iyo. moskovSi

gagzavnil cnobebs yovelTvis axlda misi ganmartebani

da mosazrebani, is mTavrobas aZlevda rCevebs da mi-

TiTebebs, zogjer Zalian daJinebiT cdilobda ruseTis

sagareo politika waremarTa im mimarTulebiT, romelic

mas sworad miaCnda2. dosiTeosi cdilobda ruseTis

1 Авалов З., Присоединение Грузии к России, c. 50. 2 Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского патриарха Досифея с

русским правительством (1669-1707 гг.), СПб., 1896, с. 71.

258

samxedro eqspansia waremarTa samxreTiT – Savi zRvis-

pireTisa da balkaneTisaken. is ruseTis mTavrobas ga-

nawyobda dasavleTis saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdegac,

SemuSavebuli hqonda ruseTis omis gegma osmaleTis

winaaRmdeg da a.S. yovelive amis gamo iyo, rom petre I

Tavis sigelebSi dosiTeoss moixseniebda rogorc `say-varel mamas da Cvens mwyemss~1.

ierusalimis patriarqi cdilobda ruseTis mTavroba

daeinteresebina osmaleTis winaaRmdeg saomrad Semu-

Savebuli Tavisi gegmiT. is iTvaliswinebda ruseTis

swrafvas Sav zRvaze gasasvlelis mopovebisaken da

mefes urCevda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omi yirimze Setev-

iT daewyo. 1704 wlis 20 ivlisis epistoleTi dosiTeosi

moskovis xelmwifes petre I-s acnobebda osmaleTis sai-

dumlo mzadebaze yirimSi omis dasawyebad ruseTis wi-

naaRmdeg da urCevda saswrafod daedo zavi SveciasTan,

raTa mTeli samxedro Zala waremarTa osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg. imave epistoleTi dosiTerosi petres acnobebda

ruseT-TurqeTis mosalodnel omSi saqarTvelos gansa-

kuTrebul mniSvnelobaze ruseTisaTvis, kerZod, is,

rom saqarTveloSi aris didi da myudro navsayudlebi.

iq RvTismoSiSi da Zlieri qristianebi cxovroben. Tu-

rqebi maT eWvis TvaliT uyureben. Tu Seni Zlieri

meufeba Turqebs Seutevs, qarTvelebi didad dagexmare-

bian, Sens gemebsac moxerxebuli navsadgomebi eqneba.

Turqebma sxvadasxva mizeziT maTi mravali saxelganTq-

muli monasteri da eklesia daangries, mravali qalaqi

daipyres da mravali qristiani daatyveves. did navmisad-

1 Каптерев Н.Ф., Характер отношений России православному Востоку

в XVI-XVII столетиях, с. 304.

259

gomSi aages qalaqi baTumi (batona) da didZali sursaT-

sanovagec moimarages1.

dosiTeosis es gegma ar iyo originaluri. Sav

zRvaze ruseTis gasvlis da osmaleTisaTvis xifaTis

Seqmnis gegma saqarTveloSi karga xnis winaT arsebobda.

qarTveli politikosebi cdilobdnen ruseT-osmaleTs

Soris winaaRmdegoba gamoeyenebinaT da ruseTis Seiara-

Rebuli Zalebis daxmarebiT Qqveynis Sidapolitikur vi-

Tarebazec zemoqmedeba moexdinaT. friad sainteresoa

1651 wlis 14 seqtembriT daTariRebuli sigeli imereTis

mefe aleqsandre III-sa ruseTis xelmwife aleqsi mixe-

ilis Zisadmi, romelic Sedgenili unda iyos Teimuraz

I-Tan SeTanxmebiT. imereTis mefes Zlieri mowinaaRmdege

hyavda levan II dadianis saxiT. amitom rusT xelmwifes

sTxova, rom àm urjulosa da qristianobis mters dad-ianze~ moexmaros. dadianis daZleva imis gamoc Wirs,

rom `qarTlis xanis (rostomis – e.m.) moyvare aris da yeens elCsa da mosakiTxavs ugzavnis da mis jamagirs sWams. yizilbaSis zurgiT ars, Tvaram marto amas (le-

1 «Но и понеже в грузинской земле суть пристани великия и добрыя,

и суть и християне богобоязливые и сильные, и подзирают их тур-

ки, да не како великое твое царствие, наступив на них, будет им-

еть великую помочь от грузинцов, и судна ваши будут имети прис-

тани довольныя ко упокоению нужды; того ради послали с иными

причинами и обрушили многия и достославныя монастыри и церкви их, попленив многия грады, а особливо множество душ христианск-

их. Поставили купно и город на большой пристани, которая назы-

вается Батона, и иныя припасы многия суть, которых подробно на-

писати невозможно». Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимского па-

триарха Досифея с русским правительством (1669-1707 гг.), СПб.,

1896, c. 50.

260

van dadians – e.m.)... rac gvindoda, imas vuzamdiT. Tu am-denad Segvibralebs xelmwife rom moindomebs, qarTlis brZanebis meti ara daexarjeba ra, da Sav zRvas daiWir-avs da stambols saqmes amisis daWirviT rac unda ise gairigebs”1.

qarTveli mefeebi iTvaliswinebdnen moskovis xeli-

sufalTa gansakuTrebul dainteresebas qarTuli siwmi-

ndeebiT da TavianT sigelSi arc imis aRniSvna daaviwy-

daT, rom Tu rusTa jari odiSSi Sevidoda, `mas imdeni patiosani nawili da xati da jvari darCebis, rom Ãel-mwifesac gaukvirdes, da amos”2.

patriarqi dosiTeosi, rogorc iTqva, kargad icno-

bda saqarTvelos mdgomareobas da cdilobda petre

pirvelisaTvis Caegonebina, rom osmaleTis saxelmwifo-

sTan omis dros SeiZleboda saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani

daxmareba gaewia ruseTisaTvis. man Tavisi mosazrebani

aRniSnul sakiTxze, Camoayaliba 1705 wlis ianvarSi pet-

resTvis gagzavnil werilSi: mas ganzraxuli hqonda

jer werili gaegzavna saqarTveloSi, Semdeg ki, mcire

xanSi, wminda pasxamde, Tavisi kacic gaegzavna. am gada-

wyvetilebis ganxorcielebas mas uadvilebda is garemo-

ebani, rom qarTveli mefe-mTavrebi misi nacnobebi da me-

gobrebi iyvnen, gamsWvalulni keTilad da siyvaruliT

patriarqisa da ruseTis xelmwifis mimarT. magram dosi-

Teosis azriT, arsebobda erTi problema: qarTvelebma

ar icodnen rusuli, raTa qmediTi daxmarebis SesaZleb-

loba hqonebodaT. man gamosavali naxa SemdegSi: misi

azriT, am saqmeSi didi daxmarebis gaweva SeeZloT ru-

seTSi mcxovreb arCil II-s da Svedebis tyveobaSi myof

1 Переписка на иностранных языках Грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 г. по 1770 г., с. 67. 2 Тамже.

261

aleqsandre batoniSvils. Cans dosiTeosi imedovnebda,

rom vidre ruseTi samxedro operaciebs daiwyebda osma-

leTis saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, manamde petre SeZlebda

aleqsandre batoniSvilis daxsnas Svedebis tyveobidan.

egec ar iyos, arCils hyavda rusulis mcodne mravali

saero da sasuliero adaminebi, romelTagan zogierTi

Tarjimnad wavidoda1.

***

XVII s. dasasrulsa da XVIII s. pirvel meoTxedSi

kavkasiaSi didi saxelmwifoebis _ ruseTis, osmaleTis

da iranis interesebi gadaikveTa, rac ZiriTadad gan-

pirobebuli iyo ruseTis saxelmwifos gaZlierebiT.

ruseTis mier jer Sav zRvaSi, Semdeg ki kaspiis zRvaSi

Tavisi interesebis deklarirebas axdenda. bunebrivia,

ruseTis Sesvla kavkasiisa da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis

politikur sivrceSi miuRebeli iyo am regionis mTava-

ri saxelmwifoebis _ osmaleTisa da iranisaTvis. qarT-

uli samefo-samTavroebis politikosebma igrZnes Tu ara

erTmorwmune Zlieri saxelmwifos gamoCena kavkasiis po-

1 «О грузинцах добрый пристойный совет есть, и мы будем писати

туды и пошлем и человека ныне вскоре по Святой Пасце, и скажем

и действовати будем, Богу благоволяющу, нуждная потому, что та-

мошние начальники суть наши знакомцы и друзья, и имеют к нам

склонность, благоговение и любовь. Однакож сыскати тамо людей,

которые б знали по-русски, невозможно, только как приидет тот

благословенный человек тамо, вельможный господарь грузинский, гос-

подин Арчил, имеет многих, которые знают по-русски и мирских и

старцов, и пойдут вкупе некоторые из их переводчики, наипаче буде

поедет вместе господин Арчил, или сын его господин Александру,

имут утвердити большая». Каптерев Н. Ф., Сношения иерусалимско-

го патриарха Досифея с русским правительством, с. 54.

262

litikur asparezze, maSinve scades Secvlili viTarebis

gamoyeneba. ramdenadac ruseTma pivelad scada Sav zRva-

Si Tavisi adgilis mopoveba, dasavleT saqarTvelos

samefo-samTavroebma, Tavis mxriv, scades am faqtoris

gamoyeneba Turqebis Zaladobisagan Tavis dasaxsnelad,

ris Sesaxeb zemoT ukve aRiniSna. maTi politikuri mes-

veurebi xedavdnen, rom dasaxelebuli saxelmwifoebid-

an yvelaze dasustebuli irani iyo. iran-osamaleTis da-

pirispirebis mTavar obieqts kaspiispireTis abreSumiT

mdidari saxanoebi warmoadgendnen, sadac osmaleTs Se-

darebiT Zlieri poziciebi ekava da miaCnda, rom Sav da

kaspiis zRvebze erTpirovnuli batonobis ufleba hqon-

da. osmaleTis mdgomareobas amyarebda isic, rom daRes-

tanisa da azerbaijanis antiiranuli moZraobis xelmZR-

vanelebi aSkarad osmaluri orientaciisa iyvnen. sul-

Tnis kars yabardos erTgulebis imedic hqonda, romlis

teritoriaze gavliTac SeiZleboda yirimis xanis jaris

gadmosvla osmalebis dasaxmareblad.

ruseTisa da osmaleTis antiiranuli moqmedeba

XVIII saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, SeiZleba iT-

qvas, wamaxalisebeli iyo kavkasiis xalxebis, sayovel-

Tao ajaneyebisaTvisa da iranis uRlisgan ganTavisuf-

lebisaTvis. axasiaTebda ra adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

ganwyobilebas iranis batonobis winaaRmdeg, poloneli

misioneri ian kruSinski, romelic mravali wlis ganmav-

lobaSi muSaobda ispaanis kaTolikur misiaSi, aRniSna-

vda, rom isini loculobdnen raTa moskovitebi Cqara

mosuliyvnen da gaeTavisuflebinaT iranelTa uRlis-

gan1.

1 Ашрафян К. З., Падение державы Сефевидов // Очерки по новой

истории стран Среднего Востока. Москва, 1951, с. 202.

263

kavkasiis garda irans aujanyda qurTistani, avRa-

neTi, iranis yuris arabuli qveynebi. amas erTvoda anti-

feodaluri ajanyebebi sefevidebis winaaRmdeg TviT ir-

anSi. avRanelebisa da osmalebis mier okupirebuli iyo

iranis teritoriis mniSvnelovani nawili. osmaleTis im-

periam ar daayovna, isargebla Tavisi Zveli metoqis

dasustebiT da kavkasia daipyro. kavkasiaSi osmaleTis

aqtivizaciis pirobebSi Seiqmna mis mier daRestnis sru-

li okupaciis saSiSroeba, ramac SeaSfoTa ruseTi. Tu

ar moxdeboda osmaleTis SeCereba, 1. is moipovebda mo-

xerxebul placdarms ruseTis teritoriis siRrmeSi Se-

saWrelad; 2. osmaleTis mier dasavleTi kaspiispireTis

sanapiro xifaTs Seuqmnida kaspiis Crdilo sanapiros

da zRvasTan damakavSirebel ruseTis qalaq astraxans;

3. osmaleTis warmateba gamoiwvevda proTurqulad

ganwyobili volgispireTis mosaxleobis antirusuli

ganwyobilebisa da moqmedebis gaaqtiurebas.

ruseTsac hyavda Tavisi momxreebi amierkavkasiaSi qa-

rTvelebisa da somxebis saxiT da yovelive amas ruseTi-

saTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda. ufro me-

tic, ruseTi Tu moxerxebulad gamoiyenebda masze ori-

entirebul Zalebs, is osmaleTTan da iranTan Sedareb-

iT upirates mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda. magram rus-

eTma cota xnis winaT daasrula xangrZlivi omi Sveci-

asTan baltiispireTisaTvis, amdenad is ar iyo mzad ma-

Sinve daewyo farTomasStabiani omi osmaleTTan.

ruseTs ukve didi xania hqonda iranTan vaWrobis

interesi, romelTan misvla yvelaze moxerxebulad kas-

piis zRviT SeeZlo. jer kidev 1653 wels gaigzavna el-

Coba Saxis mTavrobasTan vaWrobis sakiTxebis mosagvar-

eblad.

iranTan savaWro urTierTobis mogvarebis aucileb-

lobis sakiTxma gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba XVIII sau-

264

kunis dasawyisidan, petre I-s mefobis dros moipova1. man

Tavdapirvelad gadawyvita SeekribaT cnobebi kaspiis-

pireTisa da misi mimdebare miwebis Sesaxeb, ìm sasar-geblo ganzraxviT, om Tavisi saxelmwifos sazRvrebis uSiSroeba uzrunveleyo~2.

ruseTis mrewveloba ganicdida zogierTi iseTi

nedleulis naklebobas, romelic iranis kaspiispira

provinciebSi moipoveboda. tradiciulad, ruseTi dain-

teresebuli iyo iranis vaWroba evropis qveynebs dakav-

Sireboda e.w. CrdiloeTis savaWro-satranzito gziT,

romelic gadioda kaspiis zRvasa da volgaze. Tu es

ganxorcieldeboda, maSin ruseTi gadaiqceoda aRmo-

savleT-dasavleTis vaWrobaSi Suamavlad. savaWro gzis

ruseTisaTvis sasargeblod gadanacvlebas savaWro-eko-

nomikuris garda politikuri mniSvnelobac hqonda. sa-

vaWro-satranzito gzis CrdiloeTisken gadanacvleba

gamoiwvevda ruseTis konkurenti osmaleTis ekonomikur

da, Sesabamisad, samxedro dasustebasac. ruseTis saga-

reo politikis am mxriv ganviTarebis saqmeSi SeeZloT

didi roli eTamaSaT iranisa da osmaleTis dampyrobl-

uri da mCagvreluri politikiT Sewuxebul amierkavka-

siis xalxebs. maTTan mtkice kavSiris dasamyareblad pe-

tre I-s ganzraxuli hqonda mtkvris kaspiis zRvasTan Se-

sarTavTan daearsebina savaWro qalaqi, sadac koncent-

rirebuli iqneboda qarTvelebis, somxebisa da iranelebis

vaWroba. es qalaqi daukavSirdeboda astraxans. petre I

1 Куканова Н. Г., Русско-иранские торговые отношений в конце XVII

– начале XVIII в. // Исторические записки, т. 57, Москва, 1956, с. 232.

2 Соймонов Ф. И., Описание Каспийского моря и чиненных на оном

российских завоеваний, яко часть истории государя императора

Петра Великого, СПб., 1763, с. 4.

265

rusi vaWrebis gamokiTxviT cnobebsac ki agrovebda ro-

gor SeiZleboda mis mier Cafiqrebuli qalaqidan md.

mtkvris saSualebiT dakavSireboda Tbiliss, sadac mo-

awyobda savaWro kontoras. Tbilisidan SeiZleboda md.

Tergamde misvla da a.S. aRniSnuli gzis gavla-daTva-

lierebas rusT xelmwife piradadac apirebda1.

ruseT-iranis savaWro urTierTobis ganviTareba se-

riozulad ferxdeboda daRestansa da SirvanSi, leke-

bis mier vaWrebis Zarcvis gamo. 1712 wels petre I-s ira-

nis saSinao saqmeebSi Carevis xelsayreli SemTxveva mie-

ca. ajanyebuloma lekebma da sxva mTielebma aiRes da

gaZarcves q. Semaxi. Zlier dazaralda zogierTi rusi

vaWaric.

manamade, 1711 wels petre I-ma savaWro xelSekrule-

bis dasadebad iranSi gagzavna podpolkovniki artem vo-

linski2, romelsac xelmwifis saxeliT SahisTvis unda

SeeTavazebina daxmareba ajanyebuli avRanelebis winaaR-

mdeg.

a. volinski peterburgidan gaemgzavra 1712 wlis 7

ivniss da dabrunda 1718 wlis 12 dekembers. man petres

1 Соймонов Ф. И., Описание Каспийского моря и чиненных на оном

российских завоеваний, яко часть истории государя императора

Петра Великого, трудами Тайного Советника, Губернатора Сибири

и Ордена святого Александра Кавалера Федора Ивановича Соймоно-

ва, выбранное из журнала Его Превосходительства, в бытность его

службы морским Офицером, и с внесенными, где потребно было, до-

полнениями Академии Наук Конференц-Секретаря, Профессора Исто-

рии и Историографии, Г. Ф. Миллера. В Санкт-Петербурге при Им-

ператорской Академии Наук 1763 года, с. 99, 107. 2 Тамже, с. 32.

266

moaxsena, rom iranis kaspiispira provinciebi didi saSi-

Sroebis winaSe iyo. SeiZleboda isini avRanelebs daep-

yroT. saWiro iyo ruseTis sazRvrebis dacva da mis mi-

mdebare teritoriebze ruseTis jaris Casaxleba. amis

ganxorcieleba ki SeiZleboda mxolod kaspiis zRvis

gziT, romelis sanapiroebi rusebs jer kidev Seuswav-

leli hqondaT. ar icodnen, sad iyo moxerxebuli navT-

sayudlebi. saWiro iyo gagzavna sazRvao oficrebis, ro-

mlebic yvelafers zustad CainiSnavdnen da rukaze

gadaitandnen marSruts astraxanidan derbendamde, gi-

lanamde, mazandaranamde da astrabadamde.

1719 wels Seiqmna komisia kapitan-leitenant karl

fon gerdenis da leitenant fedor soimonovis xelm-

ZRvanelobiT. komisiis erT-erTma xelmZRvanelma fedor

soimonovma dagvitova saintereso cnobebi saqarTvelo-

ruseTis savaWro-ekonomiuri urTirTobis perspeqtivaze,

romelic mocemuli iyo kaspiispireTis dapyrobis petre

I-is gegmaSi. astraxanidan nizabatSi Casuli soimonovi

gadmogvcems ra iqauri iarmarkis Sesaxeb, sadac imJamad

vaWroba Semcirebuli iyo amboxebuli lekebis mier yve-

la gzis gadaketvis gamo. soimonovis TqmiT, es iyo mi-

zezi rom aq veRar modiodnen qarTveli (qarTleli) da

megreli vaWrebi, romlebsac gasayidaT mohqondaT Tavi-

anTi saqoneli. amitom iyo, rom bazrobaze mxolod ru-

sebi da iraneleb vaWrobdnen1. f. soimonovis mxedviT,

mtkvris samdinaro gzis gamoyenebiT Tbilisi unda gamx-

dariyo amierkavkasiis vaWrobis centri2.

f. soimonovi, rogorc petre I-Tan axlos mdgomi, ko-

merciuli sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli adamiani imeorebs

saimperatoro karis mier gavrcelebul demagogiur

1 Тамже, c. 38-39. 2 Тамже, c. 107.

267

lozungs, viTom rusebis samxedro eqspedicia amierkav-

kasiaSi umTavres miznad isaxavda qristianebis gaTavi-

suflebas muslimanTa uRlisagan, kerZod saqarTveloSi

`qristianobis aRdgenas~1. imperatori saqarTvelosi qri-

stianobis aRdgenaSi, albaT, gulisxmobda gamuslimane-

buli vaxtang VI-is da zogierTi qarTveli didebulis

dabrunebas qristianobaze, osmaleTisa da iranis saxel-

mwifoebis zogierTi qarTuli mxaris mosaxleobaSi is-

lamis gavrcelebis mdgomareobas2. rogorc vnaxavT, ase-

Tive lozungiT Semovida ruseTis jari saqarTveloSi

ekaterine II-is brZanebiT 1768-1774 wlebis ruseT-Turqe-

Tis omis dros.

Sahma gagzavna elCoba winadadebiT or qveyanas So-

ris dadebuliyo megobruli da savaWro xelSekruleba.

elCebma petre I-s didZali saCuqrebi miarTves. petre I-ma

Sahs SesTavaza daxmareba lekebis winaaRmdeg. man 1715

wels iranSi gagzavna diplomatiuri misia podpolkov-

nik artem petres Ze volinskis3 meTaurobiT, romelsac

1 Тамже, c. 99. 2 Sdr. qorTua z., 1722 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTob-

is sakiTxebi XVIII saukunis rusul istoriografiaSi // go-ris saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, III, istoriis se-

ria, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 136. 3 artem petres Ze volinski (1689—1740), petre I-is mier dawi-

naurebuli saxelmwifo moRvawe, diplomati, warmoSobiT

TavadTa gvaridan. petrem 1719 wels ის daniSna astraxanis

pirvel gubernatorad, 1725 wels yazanis gubernatorad. am

Tanamdebobaze imyofeboda 1730 wlamde. 1733 wlidan imperat-

or ana ioanes asulma daniSna kabinet-ministrad. intrigebis

Sedegad daapatimres, awames da sikvdiliT dasajes. Сухарева

О. В., Кто был кто в России от Петра I до Павла I, Москва, 2005;

Орлов А. С., Георгиева Н. Г., Георгиев В. А., Исторический словарь.

2-е изд. Москва, 2012, с. 92.

268

unda Seegrovebina dawvrilebiTi cnobebi SamaxaSi rusi

vaWrebis gaZarcvis, iranis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, qa-

laqebis, cixe-simagreebis, sazRvrebisa da iranis saSi-

nao da sagareo mdgomareobaze. amgvari cnobebis Sesag-

roveblad volinskis gaayoles ramdenime swavluli.

a. p. volinski peterburgSi dabrunda 1718 wlis 12

dekembers Sahis sigeliT, romlis mixedviT or qveyanas

Soris gaformda megobrobis da, rusebisTvis uaRresad

xelsayreli, savaWro xelSekruleba. a. volinskim pet-

res warudgina, agreTve, iranis dawvrilebiTi aRwera.

iqve iyo ruka aRniSvnebiT _ sad iyo moxerxebuli gzebi

da jarisaTvis saWiro gasavleli. a. p. volinskim impe-

rators SesTavaza kaspiispireTis mdidari olqebis dap-

yroba, im motiviT, rom, Tu ruseTi ar daeufleboda

dasaxelebul teritoriebs, mas avRanelebi daipyrobdn-

en da xifaTi Seeqmneboda ruseTis sazRvrebs. volinkis

winadadebiT kaspiispireTSi unda daesaxlebinaT ruse-

Tis jaris nawilebi. petrem moiwona es proeqti1.

ruseTis mizani iyo daufleba kaspiis zRvis sana-

piros daRestnidan gilanamde. volinskis daevala agre-

Tve dakavSireboda saqarTvelos, rogorc potenciur mo-

kavSires amierkavsiaSi.

ra Tqma unda, a. volinskisTvis cnobili iyo, rom

vaxtang mefe sapatio patimrad hyavda Sahs. vaxtangsa

rus diplomats Soris damyarda kavSiri. maT Soris mo-

laparakeba gasaidumloebuli iyo sruliad gasagebi mi-

zezis gamo. molaparakebis sakiTxi iyo iranis winaaRmd-

eg erToblivi gegmis SemuSaveba. vaxtangma volinskis

acnoba, rom mzad iyo Camdgariyo ruseTis xelmwifis

samsaxurSi da ebrZola iranis winaaRmdeg im imediT, rom

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч.

1, СПБ, 1869, c. 4-6.

269

misi samefo ruseTis daxmarebiT gaTavisufldeboda ira-

nis uRlisagan1.

rogorc iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, ruseTis xel-

mwifis elCma ise ostaturad moawyo da moaCvena saqme

qarTvelebs, TiTqos petre I vaxtang VI gaWirvebuli

mdgomareobiT Sewuxebuli, mis saSvelad da dasaxsne-

lad amxedrda iranis winaaRmdeg. mefe vaxtangma da qar-

Tlis samefos gavlenianma wreebma es diplomatiuri xri-

kebi sinamdviled miiCnies2.

rusi diplomatebi iranis socialur ekonomikur

mdgomareobaze dakvirvebiT mividnen im daskvnamde, rom

am qveyanaSi ruseTs didi warmateba eqneboda. 1717 wels

volinski petre I-s swerda: „roca aqaur sisustes vxed-av, SegviZlia sruliad uSiSrad daviwyoT omi, radgan araTu mTeli armia, aramed mcire korpusiTac ki SeiZ-leba (iranis) didi nawili advilad SevuerToT rus-eTs“3.

rogorc aRiniSna, gansakuTrebiT aqtiurobda a. vo-

linski, romelmac petre I-s urCia daekavebina abreSumis

warmoebiT mdidari kaspiispira provinciebi, rac

seriozulad daazianebda osmaleTis rols abreSumiT

saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi osmaleTis interess. petrem

miiRo a. volinskis gegma da 1719 wels gaigzavna eqspe-

dicia samxreT kaspiispireTis Sesaswavlad. ruseTi am

1 fircxalaiSvili al., saqarTvelo-ruseT-iran-TurqeTis ur-TierTobani XVIII s-is II naxevarSi, Tbilisi, 2000, gv. 40.

2 javaxiSvili iv., damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris me-XVIII-e saukuneSi // javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris

istoria xuT tomad, V, Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 65. 3 Соловьев С. История России с древнейших времен, кн. IX, т. 18,

Москва,, 1963, с. 368.

270

gegmis ganxorcielebas Seecada petres kaspiispireTSi

laSqrobis dros.

irkveva, rom ruseTis gegma abreSumiT mdidari kas-

piispira raionebis dapyrobis Sesaxeb icodnen inglise-

lebma, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen ruseTis gasvlas

Tbil zRvebSi. amitom inglisis elCma TurqeTSi a. sta-

nianma, ruseTis moqmedebiT SeSfoTebul osmaleTis mTa-

vrobas ganucxada: ruseTi àm laSqrobis Sedegad ara

mxolod xelTigdebs sparseTis abreSumiT vaWrobas, ara-

med indur nawarmsac misi Zveli gzidan kaspiis zRvis

navsadgurebiT ruseTis teritoriaze gadaitans. mis

cnobil proeqts, rom sparseTisa da indoeTis vaWroba

baltiis zRvisken warmarTos, xels Seuwyobs isic, rom

mas aqvs iafi saSualebebi (gemebi da marxilebi) am sa-

qonlis gadasazidad, riTac is ajobebs Turqebs~1.

aseTi gegmis arsebobisas, bunebrivia, ruseTisTvis

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iRebda aRmosavleT saqar-

Tvelo. aman gamoiwvia molaparakebis gaaqtiureba va-

xtang VI-sa da a. volinskis Soris, vaxtangis qarTlSi

mefed dabrunebis Semdeg. ruseTis warmatebis moimede

mefe imazec ocnebobda, rom ruseTis osmalTa saxel-

mwifoze warmatebis mopovebis SemTxvevaSi daibrunebda

samxreT saqarTvelos.

a. volinski 1720 wels dainiSna astraxanis guber-

natorad da daevala farulad momzadebuliyo iranis

winaaRmdeg omisaTvis. masve daevala Seegrovebia cnobe-

bi vaxtang VI-is Sesaxeb da miemxro igi. saWiro iyo,

agreTve kaxeTis mefe konstantine II-is (mahmad yuli-

xani, 1722-1732) mxardaWeris mopoveba, romelic namyofi

1 Jacob I., Beciehung Englands zu Russland und zur Turkei in den Jahren 1718

bis1727 ( Eine historisch-diplomatische Studie), Basel, 1945 (BaslerBeitrage

zur Geschichtswissenschaft 18), S. 71.

271

iyo ispaanis mmarTvelad. ruseTis mTavrobas ar SeiZle-

boda ar scodnoda, rom kaxeTis mefe qarTlis mefis mo-

winaaRmdege iyo.

evropeli diplomatebi, gansakuTrebiT ki, inglise-

lebi, iTvaliswinebdnen saqarTvelo-ruseTis saerTo da

TiToeli maTganis interesebs, cdilobdnen waeqezebinaT

osmaleTi iaraRiT daecva Tavisi gavlena da interesi

kavkasiaSi. zemoxsenebuli staniani osmaleTis didvaz-

irs Caagonebda: ìm dros, roca ruseTis rezidenti por-

tas sTxovda, kaspiispireTSi ruseTis uflebebi ecnoT,

Tu Turqebi Tbilissa da saqarTvelos mTlianad ar da-

ikavebdnen, ar moixsneboda iqidan saSiSroeba, Tundac,

rom rusebma gaiyvanon jari kaspiispireTidan. es konf-

liqti ganmeordeba momavalSic. amitom sulTanma iaraR-

iT unda daimorCilos saqarTvelo da somxeTi, raTa es

saSiSroeba sabolood aRkveTos~1.

1721 wels petre pirvelma warmatebiT daasrula

SvedeTTan omi. am drosaTvis iranSi iseTi viTareba iyo,

rodesac SeiZleboda kaspiispireTis olqebis okupacia.

petres mTavrobas, upirvelesyovlisa, undoda daepyro

volga-kaspiis gza da abreSumis warmoebis umTavresi

raionebi kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze. ganzraxuli gegmis

sisruleSi moyvanisaTvis, ruseTis mTavrobis azriT, di-

di mniSvneloba eqneboda iranis batonobis winaaRmdeg

ajanyebul saqarTvelos da somxebs, romlebmac ruseTs

mimarTes daxmarebisaTvis. ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyva-

nisaTvis rusebis aCqarebaSi didi mniSvneloba hqonda

osmaleTidan miRebul cnobebs am qveynis samzadisis Se-

saxeb iranis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebisaTvis. osmaleTs

1 Ibidem, S., 74.

272

odiTganve ainteresebda aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis im

raionebis dapyroba, romlebzec ruseTs eWira Tvali.

1721 wlidan ruseTma daiwyo molaparakeba vaxtang

VI-sTan. am molaparakebis msvlelobis Sesaswavlad gva-

qvs mxolod vaxtangis mier gagzavnili werilebi mos-

kovSi.

oqtombeრ-noemberSi vaxtang mefem vinme sagnias da

ruisis episkopos giorgis saSualebiT a. volinkis gaug-

zavna werili. masSi dasmuli iyo saqmiani kiTxvebi, rom-

lebzec gacemul pasuxebze damokidebuli iqneboda sa-

qarTvelo-ruseTis samxedro-politikuri urTierTobis

dawyeba. astraxanis gubernatorisaTvis noeberSi gagzav-

nil sapasuxo werlSi vaxtang mefe madlobas uxdis ad-

resats ruseTis yovlad mowyale xelmwifis mier daxma-

rebaze dapirebisaTvis, romelic saSualebas miscems da-

ixsnas Tavi iranis monobisagan. werilSi Semdeg gamax-

vilebulia yuradRreba im gegmis ganxorcielebis gzeb-

ze, romelic ainteresebs ruseTis mTavrobas Tavisi ja-

ris saqarTveloSi Semosayvanad: `Cveni iveriis qveyanaSi jaris gasagzavnad dabrkoleba ar iqneba, radgan ar ar-ian mtrebi, vinc xels SeuSlian... Tumca amJamad iranis dasusteba da misi Zlierebis dacema saSualebas mogv-

cems daviwyoT saqme, magram Cven gadavwyviteT, rom uZ-lieresi xelmwifis da uZleveli winamZRolis mxardaWe-riT SevZlebT uxifaTod da warmatebis garantiiT moq-medebas~1.

Semdeg vaxtangi pasuxs scems a. volinkis mier das-

mul kiTxvebs: `pirvel kiTxvaze _ ramdeni jari gvWir-deba? gpasuxobT: sruliad sakmarisia aTi aTasi. Cveni uganaTlebulisobis mxridan ki saWiroa meti mebrZoli. 1 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 222.

273

magram Tqveni brwyinvaleba Tu inebebs gamogzavnos da-pirebulze meti jari, gamogzavneT, ufro sasiamovno iq-neba~1. vaxtangi a. volinskis urCevs, jari saqarTvelos-

ken wamovides CerqezeTis vakeTi, radgan is yvelaze mok-

lea, mxolod rva dRis manZilia qarTlis samefos deda-

qalaqamde _ Tbilisamde.

`meore kiTxvaze, Tu ramdeni dRe SeiZleba Cveni jari banakad idges, getyviT: Cveni myari kanoniT grafe-bi da Tavadebi me unda maxldnen omSi. SemiZlia oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi CemTan myavdes ormocdaaTaTasiani korpusi; SemiZlia sazRvargareT waviyvano mxolod oci aTasi. roca banaki gaSlilia, isini CemTan rCebian manam, vidre Cems xelSi arsebuli provianti amis saSualebas iZleva~2

mesame kiTxva exeboda sakvebi produqtebis momara-

gebas. SeZlebda Tu ara qarTlis samefo sakiTxis mo-

gvarebas. mefis pasuxi iyo: saqarTveloSi yvelafris

SeZena SeiZleboda iolad fuliT. magram aucileblad

unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli, rom `Tqveni saxelmwifo-dan aqeTken momavalma jarma aucileblad unda wamoiR-os aTi dRis samyofi sursaT-sanovage, radgan mouxer-xebelia dasaxelebul adgilas (CerqezeTSi _ e.m.) misi Sovna~3.

bolo, meoTxe kiTxva exeboda imas, sad unda agebu-

liyo cixeebi ruseTis jaris ganlagebisaTvis. vaxtang

mefe pasuxobs: saqarTvelo bunebrivad imdenad gamagre-

bulia, rom ruseTidan mosul damxmare jars arsaidan

Tavdasxmis saSiSroeba ar emuqreba. miuxedavad amisa

aucileblad unda aigos cixeebi oTx adgilas. aqve Cans

1 Тамже, с. 223. 2 Тамже. 3 Тамже, с. 224.

274

vaxtangis ocneba ruseTis jaris daxmarebiT daibrunos

mtris mier ZaliT dapyrobili teritoriebi. `maT davib-runebT Tqveni CareviT, radgan vimedovneb, rom Cven viq-nebiT yovladmowyale xelmwifesa da uZlevel winamZRo-lTan mudmiv kavSirsa da srul damokidebulebaSi~.

vaxtang mefe werils amTavrebs orive mxaris mier

sifrTxilis gamoCenis moTxovniT, rom saidumlod dar-

Ces saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba, raTa igi cnobili

ar gaxdes im mesame qveynisaTvis, romlis winaaRmdegac

aris mimarTuli or qveyanas Soris samxedro-politiku-

ri kavSiris damyareba. amitom iyo, rom vaxtangma Tavis-

Tan gaaCera is adamianebi, romlebmac mas volinskis we-

rili gadasces. a. volinskis werilze pasuxi gaatana

Tavis msaxurs, iosebs da daelodeba astraxanidan ga-

mogzavnil werils. gazafxuli dadgomisaTvis srul

mzadyofnaSi viqnebiTo _ werda vaxtang mefe1.

1721 wlis noemberSi vaxtang VI petre I-s acnobebs

im sixarulis Sesaxeb, romelic man ganicada ruseTis

mxedarTmTavrisagan (es unda iyos a. volinski) miRebu-

li weriliT, masSi iyo dapireba ruseTis mier qarTlis

samefosaTvis daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb. èWvi ar gvepareba, _ werda vaxtangi, _ rom mfarvelobiTa da Tqveni jaris daxmarebiT gveqneba warmateba~2.

saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris diplomatiuri kontaqte-

bis periods unda ganekuTvnebodes petres werili (Ta-

riRi ucnobia) volinskisadmi, romelSic igi iTxovs as-

traxanis gubernatorma masTan gagzavnos vaxtang mefis

werili, raTa mas gaecnos piradad. amis mixedviT impe-

rators surda gaegzavna gemebi kaspiis zRvaSi da vo-

linskis ubrZanebda gaemzadebina isini daniSnulebis

1 Тамже. 2 Тамже, с. 138.

275

adgilze gasagzavnad. imave dros petres aucileblad

miaCnda volinskis dawvrilebiT gamoekiTxa vaxtangis

kaci da yvelaferi petresTvis ecnobebina. `qarTvel

princs ki (igulisxmeba mefe vaxtangi _ e.m.), romelmac

is gamogzavna, roca RmerTi Segveweva, miviRebT ise, ro-

gorc saWiroa~. 1721 wlidan avRanelebis ajanyebam iranis winaaR-

mdeg iseTi xasiaTi miiRo, rom sefianebis dinastiis

arsebobas seriozuli xifaTi Seeqmna. Sah huseinma vax-

tangs, Tavis vasals, araerTxel mimarTa daxmarebis

TxovniT, magram yovelTvis uari miiRo, radgan mas rus-

ebTan erTad iranisagan gaTavisuflebis imedi hqonda,

rac ruseTis interesebis arasworad Sefaseba-gaTvalis-

winebiT iyo gamowveuli. volinski Tavis mxriv dapire-

bebs ar aklebda vaxtangs. albaT, sruliad gasagebia

vaxtang mefisa da misi erTguli politikosebis suli-

eri mdgomareoba: `Tu ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi qarTveli mefeebi amaod Txovdnen daxmarebas ruseTis xelmwifeebs, axla TviTon didi da Zlieri, ruseTis yvelaze gamoCenili xelmwife uwodebda maT xels sa-

megobrod da daxmarebas Txovda im iranis winaaRmdeg, romelmac saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi sisxlidan dacala saqarTvelo... aba, amaze bednier SemTxvevas rogor war-moidgenda qarTveli politikis xelisufali da vaxtang VI sruliad uyoymanod, sruliad daufiqreblad Seudga petres winadadebis asrulebas~1.

qarTlis samefos didebulebi ruseTTan samxedro

kavSiris damyarebas erTnairad ar afasebdnen, erT na-

wils es gegma saxifaTod miaCnda, radgan ruseTis Semo-

1 geleiSvili p., XVIII s-is literaturuli memkvidreobidan.

al. amilaxori, rogorc politikuri moRvawe, mwerali da

moazrovne, tfilisi, 1936, gv. 14-15.

276

svlas amierkavkasiaSi miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos me-

zoblebisaTvis da isini yvelaferze wavidodnen petre I

_ vaxtang VI-is gegmis CasaSlelad da vidre ruseTis

jari movidoda manamde isini saqarTvelos aaoxrebdnen.

vaxtangma „ara scna brZnuli rCeva vezirebisa, romel-nic 1722 w-s mefes eubnebodnen: gveyofa amdeni wyveta-tmasnoba, ori sabeli (iranTa da osmalTa) gvabia da me-samesac nu movibamTo, sams dids xelmwifes rom piri mivceT gars mogveWireba muxruWio“1. radgan mefe udreki iyo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi, maSin darbazis wevrebi

kompromisze wavidnen da winadadeba Seitanes: emoqmedaT

saidumlod, gamoeyvanaT mcirericxovani jari da faru-

lad mimxrobodnen ruseTis xelmwifes2. vaxtang VI-s

Tavdapirvelad miaCnda, rom ruseTi Tu saqarTveloSi

Semoiyvanda jaris 5 aTasian kontigents, es gamoiwvevda

saqarTveloSi enTuziazmis gaRvivebas da Zalebis mobi-

lizebas da ruseTic, romlis jari saqarTveloSi iqne-

boda ufro energiulad Seecdebod mis dacvas. imave

dros, saqarTvelos mezobeli muslimani saxelmwifoebi

moeridebodnen rusis jarTan uSualo samxedro kontaq-

ts, rasac SeiZleboda ruseTTan urTierTobis seriozu-

li daZabva gamoewvia. savaraudoa, vaxtangi fiqrobda,

rom im dros aseTi Zalis mqone arc irani da arc osma-

leTi iyo.

ise Canda, rom qarTlis samefosa da ruseTs Soris

gaformda xelSekruleba iranis winaaRmdeg erToblivi

samxedro moqmedebisaTvis. magram iuridiulad es xel-

1 janaSvili m. saqarTvelos istoria / z. WiWinaZis gamocema,

Tbilisi, 1894, gv. 398. 2 paiWaZe g., qarTlis samxedro-politikuri kavSiri ruseTTan

XVIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi // narkvevebi saqarTvelos is-

toriidan, IV, gv. 415.

277

Sekruleba werilobiTi saxiT ar gaformebula. SeiZle-

ba vivaraudoT, rom molaparakebuli mxareebi eridebod-

nen saidumlo SeTanxmebis dokumenturad gaformebas.

Tu vaxtang mefis moqmedebas CavukvirdebiT, naT-

lad davinaxavT, rom mas araviTari survili ar hqonda

petresTan SeuTanxmeblad raime gadamwyveti nabiji ga-

daedga. igi petresgan daZaxebas elodeboda, manam ki

farulad emzadeboda gadamwyveti moqmedebisaTvis.

zogierTi senatoris winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad im-

peratorma mxari dauWira astraxanis gubernatris azrs

iranTan omis dawyebis Sesaxeb. 1722 wlis gazafxulze

laSqrobisaTvis gankuTvnili jari da xomaldebi Tav-

moyrili iqna astraxanSi. akvirdeboda ra petre I-is sam-

zadiss laSqrobisaTvis, frangi diplomati de kampre-

doni Tavis mTavrobas acnobebda, rom petres undoda

daaswros TurqebisaTvis, romlebic apirebdnen mxari

daeWiraT Crdilo kavkasiel meaboxeebisaTvis, romleb-

mac moaxdines am omis provocireba imiT, rom gaZarcves

rusi vaWrebi1.

1722 wlis aprilSi holandiis SeerTebuli Stateb-

is rezidenti sankt-peterburgSi de valde, Statebs ac-

nobebda ruseTis gemebis moskovidan astraxanis mimar-

TulebiT gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. de valde werda: àmbo-ben, rom misi samefo udidebulesoba Tavs uyris astra-xanSi mniSvnelovan Zalebs mxolod imisTvis raTa Tavis moTxovnebi daikmayofilos rusi vaWrebis winaaRmdeg amboxebuli sparselebis mimarT, magram araviTari dapy-robiTi miznebi ar gaaCnia~2.

1 Донесения французских посланников и резидентов при русск-

ом дворе (1722-1741 гг.) // Сборник Императорского русского исто-

рического общества, СПб, 1885, т. 49, с. 93. 2 Материал для истории русского флота, ч. 4, СПб., 1867, с. 303.

278

imave wlis maisSi de valde holandiis Statebs

axal informacias ugzavnis moskovidan. yovel dRe

astraxanSi igzavneba jariTa da tvirTiT savse gemebi.

yvelaferi es xdeba imdenad saidumlod, rom Znelia da-

adgino simarTle axali samxedro eqspediciis daniSnu-

lebis Sesaxebo. de valdem mxolod is Seityo, rom ge-

mebi miemarTeba Semaxasa da derbendisaken, raTa daeuf-

lon am qalaqebsa da kaspiis zRvis sxva portebs da am-

iT uzrunvelyon ruseTis Tavisufali vaWroba abreSu-

miT1.

1722 wlis 2 ivliss imperatorma astraxanidan saqa-

rTveloSi sigeliT gagzavna Tavadi boris Turqestano-

vi2. petre vaxtangs acnobebda, rom male mividoda iran-

is napirebTan. Turqestanovs daevala daeyoliebina vax-

tangi rac SeiZleboda male Seetia lekebisaTvis ma-

Tsave teritoriaze, radgan isini azianebdnen rogorc

rusebs, ise qarTvelebs, moemzadebina Tavisi jari ru-

seTis jarTan SesaerTeblad. xelmwife ar acnobebda va-

xtang mefes, sad unda momxdariyo SeerTeba. vaxtangs

1 iqve, gv. 308. 2 baadur TurqestaniSvili, XVIII s. pirveli naxevris qarTve-

li politikuri moRvawe, monawileobda vaxtang VI-sa da

petre I-s Soris molaparakebebSi. mis Sesaxeb oriode cnoba

dagvitova vaxuSti batoniSvilma. vaxuSti batoniSvili //

qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 399, 400, 504. vaxtang mefis Sefase-

biT, man uaryofiTi roli iTamaSa qarTul-rusul molapara-

kebebSi. Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Рос-

сийскими государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 155. arsebobs azri, rom baadur TurqestaniSvili vaxtang VI-s

gahyva ruseTSi. Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кав-

каза с 1722 по 1803 г., ч. 1, с. 65, rac simarTles ar unda Seef-

erebodes. b. TurqestaniSvilze ix. g. paiWaZis informacia

qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi, t. 5, gv. 19, sveti 1.

279

ganzraxuli hqonda 40 aTasiani jariT wasuliyo iran-

Tan saomrad1.

laSqrobis dawyebis win, 15 ivliss gamoqveynda ma-

nifesti kavkasiisa da kaspiispireTis mosaxleobisadmi.

masSi iyo mowodeba, rom mosaxleobas ar daetova sac-

xovreblebi ruseTis jari siaxloves. laSqrobis mizani

iyo mxolod im amboxebulTa dasja, romlebmac amowyvi-

tes ruseTis qveSevrdomebi SemaxaSi2. imave dros speci-

alur konsuls iranSi abramovs, imisavis raTa gaefanta

Sahis karis eWvebi ruseTis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, masTan

unda daewyo molaparakeba osmaleTis winaaRmdeg samxe-

dro kavSiris Seqmnis Sesaxeb, im pirobiT, rom irans

ruseTisaTvis daeTmo kaspiispireTis provinciebi. Tu am

moTxovnaze Tanxmoba ar iqneboda, maSin ruseTi iZule-

buli gaxdeboda ZaliT daepyro igi, raTa ar daeSva

Turqebis Sesvla kaspiispireTSi3.

imave wlis agvistoSi (?) ruseTis elCi stambolSi

i. i. nepliuevis moxsenebidan vigebT, rom is veziris

adamianebs (kegas da reis-efendis) Sehpirda 1000 Cervo-

necs imisaTvis, rom Seecadon ruseTTan megobrobis Se-

narCunebas, manamade, vidre sulTnis kari miiRebda pa-

suxs rusebTan gagzavnili Tavisi mociqulisagan. elCi

petres acnobebda, agreTve, rom porta Tavis qveSevrdo-

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по

1803 г., ч. 1, СПБ, 1869, с. 19. 2 Русско-дагестанские отношения в XVII _ начале XIX в. Сборник

документов, № 1, январь 28, 2011. http://constitutions.ru/?p=4761 3 Сотавов Н.А.,Северный Кавказ в русско-иранских и русско-турецких

отношенияхвXVIIIв.,Москва,1991.

http://kumukia.ru/books/0002/pages/page14.

http://kumukia.ru/books/0002/pages/page14

280

mad iRebda daud-xans1. ganzraxuli hqonda agreTve Tav-

dapirvela daeuflos iranis saqarTvelos, Semdeg ki ga-

aZevos ruseTis jari daRestnidan2.

***

1722 wlis zafxulSi petre I-ma dawyo samxedro

operaciebi kaspiispireTSi. amis Sesaxeb man vaxtangs ac-

noba imave wlis 2 ivliss da winadadebas aZlevda daew-

yo laSqroba lekebis winaaRmdeg. 23 agvistos rusTa

jari Sevida derbendSi3.

30 agvistos petrem vaxtangTan weriliT gagzavna

podporuCiki ivane tolstoi, romelsac ubrZana mefes-

Tan darCeniliyo manamde, vidre brZanebas ar miiRebda.

mefisaTvis werilSi naTqvami iyo, rom is cdiliyo

Tavisi mrCevelebis saSualebiT daerwmunebina Sahi rom

mas mieRo ruseTis daxmareba amboxebulTa winaaRndeg,

samagierod daeTmo iranis is provinciebi, romlebic

mdebareobs kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze. imave dros petre

tolstois ubrZanebda daerwmunebina vaxtang mefe (da

ara princi, rogorc petre yovelTvis moixseniebda qar-

Tlis mefes), rom is miiRebda did sargebels Tundac

imiT, rom gaTavisufldeboda urwmunoTa uRlisgan da

1 xaji-davudi _ aRmosavleT kavkasiis mTielebis saxalxo-

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli, Si-

rvanSi Teokratiuli saxelmwifos damaarsebeli da meTauri.

Бутаев А. А., Народно-освободительное движение на Восточном Кав-

казе под руководством Хаджи-Давуда Мюшкюрского: первая треть

ХVIII века, Махачкала, Мавел, 2006. 2 Русско-дагестанские отношения в XVII-начале XIX в. Cборник доку-

ментов, № 1, январь 28, 2011 http://constitutions.ru/?p=4761 3 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч.

1, с. 26

281

isargeblebda xelmwifis wyalobiT, agreTve miiRebda

xelisuflebas adgilobriv (kavkasiel) qristianebze. pe-

tre cdilobda daerwmunebina vaxtangi, rom rasac xel-

mwife ganizraxavs, imas bolomde miiyvans kidec. petres

mxedvelobaSi hqonda kaspiispireTSi dawyebuli kampania,

romelsac kargad momzadebis Semdeg, warmatebiT daas-

rulebda.

petre I-ma aseTive werili gaugzavna somxebis pat-

riarq isais1.

vaxtangma, rogorc p. butkovi werda, siamovnebiT

ikisra, waredgina SahisaTvis imperatoris winadadeba.

6 seqtembers rusTa banakSi miiRes cnoba, rom da-

axloebiT 30 aTasi qarTveli Seikriba md. mtkvris na-

piras da igi mzad iyo daewyo samxedro moqmedeba ruse-

bTan erTad. vaxtangi Tavs ikavebda damoukideblad emo-

qmeda da win wasuliyo, radgan Semaxa rusebs jer da-

kavebuli ar hqondaT2.

qarTlis mefe aRmoCnda sabediswero dilemis wina-

Se. ori gzidan unda aerCia erTi: ruseTi an irani3. sul

male gamoCnda mesame gzac _ osmaleTi.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT: `kualad movida TurqistaniSvili baadur didis petres imperatorisa-gan4, vinaiTgan gamosul iyo solaxs, raTa mivides Sir-vans mefe misTana. kualad movida despani xonTqrisa da-morCilebisa misisaTÂs, aramed ganutevna yovelni da aRirCia rusT mefe, rameTu hgonebda ganTavisuflebasa eklesiaTasa da Zalsa qristianobisasa~5. vaxtang mefem

1 Тамже, с. 31. 2 Тамже, с. 30. 3 Авалов З., Присоединение Грузии к России, c. 56. 4 dRe iyo 3 agvisto 1722 wlisa. 5 vaxuSti batoniSvil // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 499-500.

282

ruseTis gza arCia da petresgan daZaxebisTanave Sehyara

jari da ganjisaken gailaSqra. rusis jaris momlodine

vaxtangi, Tanaxmad pirobisa, SamqorSi dabanakda. am

dros ki ruseTis imperatori, romlisTvisac cnobili

iyo qarTlis mefis samxedro moqmedeba, 7 oqtombers,

roca mas wina dRes acnobes vaxtangis jariT mosvlis

Sesaxeb, derbendidan aiyara da astraxanSi dabrunda.

`xolo mefe vaxtang mivida ganjas da dahyo sam TTue mun da vera raÁ scna Ãelmwifis petresi~1.

aseTsave sabediswero mdgomareobaSi miatova pet-

rem yarabaReli somxebi, romlebic fiqrobdnen, rom gax-

debodnen petres qveSevrdomni da rusebis daxmarebiT

moiSorebdnen dampyrobTa uRels

sam Tves eloda vaxtang mefe petre I-s. im dros

qarTlis mefis mier gancdili vnebebis Sesaxeb vigebT

mis mier rusT xelmwifisaTvis gagzavnili werilebidan.

1722 wlis zafxulis kampaniis dros ruseTis jarma

daikava mxolod agraxanis naxevarkunZuli, md. sulakis

gantoteba da agraxani, sadac rusebma safuZveli Cauya-

res wm. jvris cixe-simagres.

vaxtangTan mividnen baadur TurqestaniSvili da

petres despani da miitanes imperatris danabarebi, rom

rusT xelmwife ruseTSi dabrunda, magram vaxtangs aRu-

Tqvamda, rom gazafxulze kvlav gaagrZelebda dawyebul

saqmes. baadurma da despanma petres danabarebi vaxuSti

batoniSvils moaxsenes, romelmac yovelive mefes auw-

ya2. aucileblad unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: miuxedavad

imisa, rom vaxtangs lekebTan Setakeba ar mouxda, mainc

udidesi daxmareba gauwia petre pirvels. or cecxls

Sua (qarTvelebsa da rusebs Soris) momwyvdeuli, Se-

1 iqve, gv. 507. 2 iqve.

283

Sinebuli daRestani TiTqmis sruliad ubrZolvelad

dasTanxmda petres yvela moTxovnis Sesrulebaze. pet-

rem aseve ubrZolvelad moagvara sxva saqmeebi: aneqsia

uyo iranis mdidar provinciebs da ukan gabrunda. amis

Sesaxeb man mxolod ruseTidan SemouTvala vaxtangs

ise, rom mizezic ki ar auxsna. rogorc Cans, mas nakle-

bad awuxebda momakvdinebel xifaTSi mitovebuli mokav-

Sire _ qarTlis samefo da misi mefe.

1722 wlis 19 seqtembers vaxtang mefe petres swer-

da imis Taobaze, rac man moimoqmeda imperatoris mier

micemuli davalebis Sesasruleblad: ganjaSi Cavida da

rusTa jars elodeboda. amis Semdeg petres kaci, vinme

andria Svili mivida da vaxtangs moaxsena imperatoris

ruseTSi gabrunebis Sesaxeb. vaxtangma im yvelafris

gamo, rac man petres daxmarebisaTvis Caidina, is Sedegi

miiRo, rom marTalia ganjidan ukan gamobrunda, magram

àm saqmiT yeenic dagvemdura, kaxT batonic agveSala da xonTqric wyinobs da imuqrebis~. yvelafrisda miuxeda-

vad, vaxtangi mainc petres erTgulobda da, rac ar

unda momxdariyo, misi samsaxurisTvis Tavs dadebda,

oRond man is gaakeTos, rac dapirda. `viajebiT magaTs maRals Ãelmwifobasa, rome rac imedi gvaqvan aRgvisru-lon da Sewuxebuli ar dagvagdon~. vaxtangi imasac iT-

xovda, rom ruseTis mTavrobas mfarveloba gaewia qarT-

lis samefosaTvis da iranisa da osmaleTis Tavdasxma

aecilebina. vaxtangi imis gamoc wuxda, rom maT mier

Segulianebuli kaxeTis mefec mosvenebas ar aZlevda1.

vaxtang mefe daubrunda Tavis winandel gegmas, rom

ruseTma qarTlis samefoSi Caayenos cxenosani jari,

1 kaxeTis mefesTan brZolis epizodebi ix., iqve, gv. 501

284

`rome Cven da am qveyanas vimedebodeT da zurgad moeb-modes~1.

4 oqtombers vaxtangma petres morigi werili gaug-

zavna, romelSic imperators mokrZalebiT Txovda: rad-

gan igi sxva gadaudebeli saqmeebiT iyo dakavebuli da

ar SeeZlo piradad mieRo monawileoba samxedro eqspe-

diciaSi, maSin yarabaRSi dabanakebul qarTvel-somexTa

jars2 Tu mcire ricxovan Tavis jars waaSvelebda, vid-

re jer kidev dro iyo, Sirvanis damorCileba moxer-

xdeboda. vaxtang mefe aseve mokrZalebiT werda, rom man

kargad icoda aqauri ambebi (àm alagebis beladoba gveTqmis~ _ acxadebda vaxtang mefe). is mimoixilavda

kampaniis dawyebis droidan oqtombris dasawyisamde

1 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 140-142. 2 somexi saeklesio moRvawe, mTiani yarabaxSi ganZasaris kaTa-

likosi esai hasan jalalianci Semdeegnairad aRwers qarT-

velTa da somexTa jarebis Sexvedras. is mogviTxrobs im

zeimis Sesaxeb, romliTac aRiniSna iranis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis JiniT Sepyrobili ori eris jaris SeerTeba. `rodesac vaxtangma ixila Cveni laSqris aseTi svla, suliT da gu-

liT gaixara. maSinve gamogzavna Sikriki da TavisTan migvix-

mo, sardlebad ganawesa ymawvilebi (oTxi iuzbaSi) da

meliqebi da gamamxnevebeli sityvebiT dagvaimeda, rwmena Cag-vidga da mogvmarTa: àmieridan gamxnevdiT da vaJkacurad

iyaviT, ise rogorc Tqvens Zlevamosilebas Seefereba, nura-

frisa da nuravisi nu SegeSindebaT, radganac aha ukve moa-wia qristianobis xsnis Jamma~. aseTi sityvebiT mogvmarTavda

da Zalze madlieri iyo Cveni. meore dRes yvela sardali

sapatio xalaTebiT daasaCuqra~. esai hasan jalalianci, al-

vanTa qveynis mokle istoria / teqsti gamosacemad moamzada,

Targmna da komentarebi daurTo karlo kuciam, Tbilisi,

1971, gv. 34.

285

moxdar ambebs da arsebuli viTarebis mokle, magram

mkafio analizs sTavazobda, arc imis Tqma gamorCenia,

rom avRanelebisgan dajabnili Sahi qarTlis mefes

kidev erTxel sTxovda daxmarebas, magram petres pasuxs

elodebda. àmas movaxseneb maRal karzedan. CvenTvin wamosvla da lekis mteroba rom ebrZana, wamovediT da karga xani aris aq yarabaxSi vdgevarT. vincavin aqaTi lekni arian, SiSiT Tavis samlidan ver diZrnen. erTi sulTani aris, isic Semorigebas gvexveweba, magrame, kaxi batoni, rome CvenTan qiSpi da mteri aris, es zurgs ubams, unda rome Cveni samsaxuri ÃelmwifesTan ar gamoaCinos... Cven aqamdin Sirvansac gamovidodiT, magram magaTi bZaneba, rom ar mogvivida, is gvagvianebs. aw Cvengan rCeva da moxseneba ar ikadrebis, magrame, viTamc am alagebis beladoba gveTqmis, amitom movaxsenebT. aqaTs qveynebs dagvianeba aRar unda, amitom rome aqauri saqmeebi diaR areuli aris da erTi aseTi ara gamovardes ra, rome aqaTuri saqme ar waxdes... Tu Ãelmwife jer mandauris saqmesagan mouclelad brZandebodes da aqaT wamobrZaneba imitom gviandebodes, es mainc iqnas, erTi magaTi aseTi jari Sarvans movides, aqedan Cven viqnebiT, Sevi-yrebiT da yoveli saqme RTiT garigdebis. erevnamdin rac alagia daviWerT da vecdebiT rome erevanic daviWiroT... yeens mirveisis Svilma kidev ufro saqme gauWira, arc SemsvleliRa aris, arc gamomsvleli. Svili yazmins hyavs, jars cdilobs, magram vervin iSovna. Cven wignsa gvwers, jaris miSvelebas gvikveTs, magram Cven Tqvenis brZanebis mayurebelni varT~1.


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 142-143.

286

friad sainteresoa vaxtang mefis mier 4 seqtembers

a. volinskisTvis gagzavnili mokle werili, romelSic

aRniSnulia, rom qarTlis mefe jariT dgas yarabaxSi

da xelmwifis pasuxs elodeba. man arc is daumala xel-

mwifis moxeles, rom mis mbrZanebels werili gaugzavna

da Tavisi mosazrebebi moaxsena. vaxtangi fiqrobda, rom

swrafad movidoda misi pasuxi.

werili gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa imiTic, rom

volinskis Sah-Tamaz II-sTan elCi gaugzavnia, romelic

ukan volinskiTan gaubrunebiaT da Tan erTi kacic gau-

yolebiaT, romelsac vaxtangisTvis Sahis werili gadau-

cia. masSi iyo Txovna qarTlis mefisadmi, ècadeo dids Ãelmwifesa da CvenSi mSvidoba moaxdinoo~. vaxtangi a. volinskis sTxovda exla rom werili gamogigzavne, mag

kacs nuras SeatyobinebT manamde, vidre aqeT ar wamo-

xvalTo1.

radgan vaxtang mefis Semorigebisa da kvlav iranis

samsaxurSi Cayenebis perspeqtiva ar Canda, Sahma mas of-

icialurad mimarTa (1722 wlis oqtomber-noemberi) weri-

liT. Sahi husein-yuli-xans, e.i. vaxtang mefes, gurjis-

tanis, qarTlis gamgebels da uZleveli jaris meTaurs

acnobebda, rom man mkacrad ubrZana erevnisa da azer-

baijanis beilerbegebs, rom saswrafod gaugzavnon Tavi-

anTi jari. rodesac gavanadgurebT avRanelebs da mo-

vawesrigebT sataxto qalaq isfahanis da Sirvanis saq-

mes, iolad mogvardeba sxva provinciebis saqmeebic. Tqven

iolad SegiZliaT mcire jariT SirvanSi daamyaroT wes-

rigio. Sahi moiTxovda, rom batoniSvilma baqarma imis

mizeziT, rom rusebi movidnen an sxva raime usiamovneba-

Ta gamo, Tavi ar aaridos da gurjebis jariT mivides

1 Тамже, с. 141.

287

Sahis dasaxmareblad1. Sahi, imis demonstrirebisaTvis

rom angariSs uwevda vaxtang mefis Txovnas yarabaxis

gamgeblis muhamed aminis ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, wers,

rom brZaneba gasca misi Txovnis dasakmayofileblad2.

baqarma gadawyvita Sahis Txovnis Sesabamisad wasu-

liyo mis dasaxmareblad da momzadebuli idga taSir-

Si, magram vaxtangma gadaafiqrebina da ukan daabruna.

`q~ks ui [1722], Tebervlis e, mouxda ispaans Svili mirve-

isisa yandaaridam mahmud, mirveisi mamkudar iyo. ra mo-

uvida ambavi yeensa mosula maTi, gaageba jari ispaanisa

aRajsa samsa, Seibnen, daumarcxda yizilbaSTa, mokles

yularaRasi rostom, Zma mefisa vaxtangisa da moswyvi-

tes, gamoeqcen, Semoadgnen ispaans, dadga julfas, Se-

ukra yovliT gza da Sewuxda ispaani SimSiliTa. ama

ambavsa Sigan gamougzavna yaenman xalaTi da yular-

aRasoba mefis baqarisaTuis da xvewna miSvelebisa. moin

doma mefem baqar wasula da dadga taSirzed. magram ar

amjobina mefem vaxtang wasula Zisa TÂsisa, daabruna~3.

rac ufro miraJs emsgavseboda ruseTis daxmareba

qarTlis samefosaTvis, mis mezoblebs SiSi uneldebo-

1 Sahma baqars gaugzavna xalaTi da yular-aRasis wodeba mia-

niWa. sexnia CxeiZe, `cxovreba mefeTa~ .https://wikisource.org/wiki

/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%

83%90_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A

B%E1%83%94_%22%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95

%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%

83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%2233. 2 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 145-146. 3 sexnia CxeiZe, `cxovreba mefeTa~ .

288

daT da SurisZiebis wyurviliT aRvsilni vaxtang VI-is

da misi samefos ganadgurebisaTvis emzadebodnen.

pirveli, vinc iaraRi aRmarTa qarTlis samefoze,

iyo kaxeTis mefe konstantine II, romelmac Tavisi moqme-

deba Sah-TamazTan SeaTanxma. Amis Sesaxeb vaxtang mefem

petre I-s mouTxro 1723 wlis 10 maiss gagzavnil weril-

Si: mas Semdeg, rac qarTlis mefe ganjas gaeSura impe-

ratorTan Sesaxvedrad, kaxT batoni mtrad agvidgao. kon-

stantinem Sahs miswera, vaxtangs `didi Ãelmwife mohyav-so~. Sahma konstantines erevnis xanoba da sxva samf-

lobeloebic uboZa da vaxtangis winaaRmdeg brZola da-

avala. osmaleTis sulTanmac arzrumis faSas igive

davaleba misca. arzrumis faSa qarTlis sazRvarze da-

dga da vaxtangs SeuTvala: `gveymeo~, razec uari miiRo.

amis Semdeg sulTanma faSas ubrZana `waaxdineo~. Sahi

da sulTani erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen, vin pirveli daar-

tyamda qarTlis samefos. Tavdapirvelad Sahma imarjva

da qarTli kaxeTis mefe konstantines misca. manac ar

daayovna da yizilbaSTa jariT avlabarSi Sevida. vax-

tangma qarTlis jari Sehyara da konstantines ebrZoda.

ra dainaxes osmalebma vaxtangis gaWirveba, SeuTvales:

`Tu ar gveymobio, Cven aqedam movalTo~. ruseTi igvi-anebda. or mters Soris moqceuli qarTli didxans ver

gauZlebda da vaxtangma osmaleTis ymoba arCia. magram

qarTlis mefis varaudiT es droebiTi, Tavis gadarCenis

saSualeba iyo, Tavi unda gadaerCina manamde vidre

rusebi movidodnen, rogorc is fiqrobda. `Tu ara da madli RmerTsa, raca gvWirs, yvela Cvenis codviT aris~-o1, werda vaxtang mefe rusT xelmwifes.


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 147-148.

289

petre I-ma, rodesac aRmosavleT amierkavkasiasa da

maxlobel aRmosavleTSi Seqmnili viTareba gaanaliza,

darwmunda, rom ruseTi ekonomikuri da samxedro Tval-

sazrisiT ar iyo mzad seriozuli sabrZolo operacieb-

is sawarmoeblad.

iv. javaxiSvilis SefasebiT, ìm dros ruseTi ira-nisadmi mxolod im ekonomiuri gamorCenis Tvalsazri-siT xelmZRvanelobda, romelic petre I mxolod Teori-ulad, gegmis mixedviT exateboda. maSin ruseTs imdenad moWarbebuli ZalRone ar hqonda, rom misTvis iranis bazari saaRebmicemo asparezad aucileblad saWiro yo-filiyo. iranSi igi Tavis mrewvelobis nawarmoebis ga-saRebisaTvis ki ar Sedioda, aramed ruseTis savaWro moqmedebis gegma mxolod ubralo Suamavlobaze iyo agebuli~1.

afasebda ra zogadad ruseTis urTierTobas kavka-

siis xalxebTan, a. fadeevi werda: `rus mefeebs, romle-bic zrunavdnen TavianTi samflobeloebis gafarToeba-ze kaspiispireTsa da aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi, upir-veles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi hqondaT Tavisi feodalu-ri saxelmwifos ekonomikuri da politikuri Zlevamosi-lebis ganmtkiceba da ara mcire xalxebis dacva Turqe-Tisa da iranis eqspansiisagan~2.

1723 wels, rodesac ruseTis jarma kvlav daiwyo

aqtiuri moqmedeba, paralelurad ganaaxles wm. jvris

mSenebloba, gaamagres derbenti, gilani, SturmiT aiRes

baqo, daikaves seliani, reSti da cdilobdnen ganemtki-

cebinaT TavianTi poziciebi dakavebul teritoriaze.

1 javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria xuT tomad, V, Tbi-

lisi, 2012, gv. 66. 2 Фадеев А. В., Россия и Кавказ первой трети XIX в., Москва, 1961,

с. 17.

290

1723 wlis 18, 19 da 20 aprils petrem vaxtangs we-

rilebi gaugzavna gvardiis kapitan baskakovis xeliT.

mas davalebuli hqonda, agreTve, saomari operaciebis

warmoeba saqarTveloSi. general-maior matiuSkins ki eb-

rZana vaxtangisaTvis gaegzavna jaris nawili baskakovis

meTaurobiT.

imave wlis 7 noembers xelmwifem miswera volins-

kis, rom mas yvelafriT uzrunveleyo saqarTveloSi ga-

sagzavni 2 aTasi jariskaci, im razmis garda, romlic

midioda baskakovTan erTad. ucnobia, ratom ver gan-

xorcielda petres ganzraxva. is ki cnobilia, rom bas-

kakovi 1724 wlis 29 maiss ukve ruseTSi imyofeboda. er-

Ti varaudiT, ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvana SeuZlebe-

li iyo imitom, rom am dros vaxtangi gaZevebuli iyo

qarTlidan1.

vaxtangma 1723 wlis 15 maiss imperator petres er-

Ti Zalian mokle werili gaugzavna, romelSic Civis im-

is gamo, rom àxla Cveni codvisagan erTi anazdi ris-xva mogvevlina~, romlis Sesaxeb tolstoim da Turqes-

taniSvilma icodnen, mefe ki Tavs ikavebs masze saubris-

gan, erTs ki daaskvnis, rom Tu imperatori ar dagvexma-

reba, `Cveni qveyanaca da Cvenca saeWveli ar aris saur-julod gaxdeba~2.

Zalze sainteresoa TviT vaxtang mefis mier Sefa-

sebul qarTlis samefos saSinao da sagareo mdgoma-

reoba mas Semdeg, rac petrem da misma jarma datova

kaspiispireTi da ukan, ruseTSi gabrunda. vaxtangi impe-

ratoris uaxloesi mrCevels maxlobeli aRmosavleTis

saqmeebSi artem volinskis Tavis mokle werilSi (24. 05.

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч.

1, c 51-52. 2 Тамже, с. 149-150.

291

1723), romelic ivane andria Svilis xeliT gaugzavna,

qarTlis mdgomareobas Semdegnairad aRwers: àrtemi petre Svilo: q. didebulo da patiosano Zmao, batono... merme, es mogaxseno Cveni saqme. kaxma batonma yens dama-bezRa da xvanTqarsac, amaT orTav. didis Ãelmwifis ga-mosvla da Cemgan magaTis samsaxuris mondomeba. amazed orniv gagviwyren da jari gamogvisives. Cven radgan amTonis mezoblebisa didis Ãelmwifebis bZola veRar SeviZeliT da xonTqars uTxariT. `geymobiTo~. sanamdi stambolis ambavi momivides, egeba, magaTi (ruseTis ja-ris _ e.m.) gamobrwyineba gveRirsos: wvrilad aqaurs ambavs patiosani ivane andria Svili mogaxsenebsT. axla, Tqvenis Zmobisagan da mowyalebisagan moveliT, didma Ãelmwifem ar dagvagdos da ar ugulebels gvyos, am-Tens mogvexmaros. aqamdi rom focxviris Wangisgan gam-ogvxsnas vexvewvebodiT, axla babris WangSi ar Segvag-don. Tu amTons qristianobas upatronebT rasme _ kar-gia, Tu ara neba Tqvenia~1. es iyo vaxtang mefis mier a. volinskisadmi gagzavnili ukanaskneli werili.

astraxanSi mibrunebulma petre I-ma vaxtang mefes-

Tan molaparakeba podporuCk ivane tolstois daavala.

zemoT citirebuli werili vaxtangma TTqmis ucvlelad

gaugzavna tolstoisac2.

rogorc Cans tolstoi da TurqestaniSvili mowme-

ni iyvnen im krizisuli politikuri mdgomareobisa, ro-

melic qarTlis samfoSi Seiqmna, erTdroulad sami

mtrulad ganwyobili Zalis Setevis Sedegad. amjeradac

pirvelma kaxT batonma konstantine II-m daiwyo qarTlze

Seteva. vaxtangs Sahis brZanebiT TbilisSi myofi yizil-

baSTa jari aujanyda da mxari dauWira konstantines. es

1 Тамже, с. 149. 2 Тамже, с. 149-150.

292

ukanaskneli Tbiliss miadga Tavisi jariT, romelSic

daqiravebuli lekebic iyvnen. konstantines exmarebod-

nen, agreTve ganjisa da erevnis xanebi. amave dros vax-

tangs ultimatumi wauyena osmaleTis sulTnis davale-

biT, arzrumis faSam, romelic kategoriulad moiT-

xovda sulTnis qveSevrdomoba eRiarebina1. es unda yo-

filiyo im `risxvis movlineba~, romlis Sesaxebac

vaxtangi petres swerda 15 maisis werilSi.

xangrZlivi brZolis Semdeg konstantinem Tbilisi

aiRo. vaxtangi cxinvalSi gaixizna, sadac darbazi moiw-

via politikuri arCevanis gadasawyvetad. darbazis wevr-

Ta umravlesobam mxari dauWira osmaleTis saxelmwif-

os moTxovnas, rac qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis Sena-

rCunebis saSualeba iqneboda. darbazis sxdomas eswre-

bodnen petre I-is warmomadgenlebi _ tolstoi da Tur-

qestaniSvili. isini moiTxovdnen dalodebodnen ruse-

Tis jaris Camosvlas. rogorc Cans, Seqmnil situaciaSi

vaxtangma sxva gza ver gamonaxa da iZulebuli gaxda

realurad Seefasebina osmalebis SemonaTvali: `Tu ar gveymobio, Cven aqedan movalTo~ _ ase auxsna vaxtangma petres Tavisi gadawyvetilebis mizezi: daetovebina Ta-

vis samefo da ruseTSi eZebna TavSesafari.

gvaqvs vaxtang mefis kidev erTi werli, romelic

mas sakuTari xeliT dauweria. igi gadmgvcems Tavis ja-

riTurT mtkvris piras dgomas da petres Camosvlis

imediT uazro lodins. vaxtangi fiqrobs, rom is, rac

am samxedro RonisZiebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli agebuli

iyo sicrueze. vaxtangi yvelafer imaSi, rac mas kaspiis-

pireTSi kampaniis dros gadaxda, mTavar damnaSaved Ti-

Tqos miaCnda baadur TurqestaniSvili, romelic ara-

1 paiWaZe g., qarTlis samxedro-politikuri kavSiri ruseTTan

XVIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, gv. 419-420.

293

swor informacias awvdida mas. vaxtangi baadurs

sayvedurobs: `Tqveni anbavi vera gagvigia, ra qeniT, ra, Senc xom kargad ici qarTveli kaci amdenis xnis laS-qrobas ver gasZlebs. nuzli Semoakldebis da Seswux-debian. ra qeniT, ratom erTi Tqveni anbavi ara gva-codineT ra. amas ecadeT Tqveni anbavi erTi rom gvaco-dinoT, marTali rom SegvatyobineT. Ãelmwife wamob-rZandebis. ra ase oxeriviT vyrivarT, rac gvatyue is geyofis, marTali ambavi mogvwereT~1. ra Tqma unda, ba-

aduris mimarT gamoTqmuli sayveduri ufro ruseTis

imperators ekuTvnoda.

vfiqrob, vaxtang mefes eWvi hqonda, rom ruseTi mis

zurgsukan osmaleTTan raRac garigebaze midioda. am

eWvis gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT baadur Turqesta-

niSvilisaTvis miwerili Semdegi sityvebi: `Cven rom gan-jis yarabaRSi Camovsul var, is mesame kaci aris, rom gamovgzavneT... Tqveni anbavi vera gagvigia~. es sityvebi aris reaqcia petre didis moTxovnaze, rom vaxtangs 1723

wlis zafxulamde daecada ganjaSi, manamde ki rusT

xelmwife kaspiispireTSi dabrundeboda laSqrobis gan-

saaxleblad2. saqme isaa, rom am dros petresTvis cno-

bili iyo, TurqeTi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SesaWre-

lad rom emzadeboda. jer kidev 1722 wlis 13 seqtembers

i. i. nepliuevi ityobineboda, rom sulTanma Tavis qve-

Sevrdomad miiRo daud-xani, romelic jer iranis saqar-

Tvelos daufleboda, Semdeg ki rusebi gaaZevebina daRe-

stnidan3.


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 155 2 Лысцов В. П., Персидский поход Петра I. 1722-1723, Москва, 1951, с.

213. 3 Соловьев С. М. История России, кн. 9, т. 18, с. 394

294

1722 wlis 12 oqtombers stambolSi ruseTis warmo-

madgenel ivane nepliuevs, romelic 1720-1734 wlebSi iyo

ruseTis rezidenti, ganucxades, rom osmaleTis mTavro-

bam gadawyvita qarTlis okupaciis mizniT 50 aTasiani

armiis Seyvana da Tbilisis dakaveba1. aseTi molodini

qarTul mxares isedac unda qoneboda. osmaleTis sxva-

dasxva rangis warmomadgenlebi, rogorc vaxtang mefis

werilebidan Cans, amgvar gafrTxilebebs da muqaras yo-

velTvis gamoTqvamdnen, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac

daiwyo saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba iranis winaaR-

mdeg erToblivi samxedro operaciebis warmoebis Sesa-

xeb2. osmaleTis damokidebuleba vaxtang VI-isadmi kar-

gad Cans arzrumis seraskiris ibrahim-faSas mier der-

bendSi ruseTis jaris sardlobisaTvis gagzavnil weri-

lSi: `... axla Tbilisis xanma ... Tavisi eSmakuri da fu-Wi moqmedebiT Tqvenze daimedebulma mogiwodaT astra-xanidan daRestanSi mosuliyaviT, sadac Tqven daikaveT derbenti. axla ki Tbilisis xani (vaxtang VI-r.g.) Cvens warmomadgenels acnobebs, rom misi udidebulesoba (pe-tre I-r.g.) iranis Sahs sTxovda qalaqebs Sirvans, ganjas da gilans, mas xans (vaxtang VI-r.g.) amis akrZalva ar SeeZlo... Sirvanis mcxovrebni, ki mahmadis rjulis mimdevarni arian da mfarvelobas sTxoven sulTnis xe-lisuflebas...~3.

1 Лысцов В. П., Персидский поход Петра I. 1722-1723, с. 223. 2 ix. vaxtang mefis werili petre I-s. Переписка на иностранных

язиках грузинских царей с Российскими государями от 1639 по 1770

гг., с. 155 3 citirebulia: gogolauri r., Crdilo kavkasia-samcxe-java-

xeTis urTierToba da qarTl-kaxeTi XVIII saukuneSi, axal-

cixe-Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 30.

295

seraskiris werili friad sainteresoa. iqidan ise

moCans, rom vaxtangi ormag politikur TamaSs eweoda.

erTsa da imave dros ruseTs epatiJeboda iranis winaaR-

mdeg, meores mxriv ki osmaleTis interess icavda.

safiqrebelia, rom seraskiri simarTles ar ambobda, mi-

si mizani iyo bzari Seetana saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTi-

erTobaSi. vaxtang mefe mTlianad petre I-ze iyo mindo-

bili. kargi iqneboda, rom marTlac iseTi yofiliyo

vaxtang mefis diplomatia, rogorsac seraskiri agvi-

wers.

vaxtang mefe, vidre ruseTis imedi hqonda, princi-

pulad rom ar undoda osmalebTan urTierToba, Cans

kidev erTi cnobidan, romelic isev dakavSirebulia

arzrumis faSasTan. faSam vaxtangs SeuTvala, rom sul-

Tans ganzraxuli hqonda iranis winaaRmdeg omi. Tu vax-

tangi sulTnis mxares gadavidoda da mis mfarvelobaSi

Sevidoda, samagierod sulTani mas mTeli saqarTvelos

gadacemas hpirdeboda. vaxtangma uaryo es winadadeba im

motiviT, rom iranis Sahs ver uRalatebda1.

petre dids rom saqarTvelo mxolod iranis wina-

aRmdeg da dasaxelebuli adgilebis dasapyrobad Wir-

deboda, gamoCnda 1724 wlis ruseT-TurqeTis SeTanxmebis

dros. SeTanxmeba imdenad mniSvnelovani iyo ruseTisaT-

1 Соловьев С. История России с древнейших времен, в пятнадцати

книгах, IX, Москва, 1963, с. 405; paiWaZe g., ruseT-saqarTvelos

urTierTobis istoriisaTvis (XVIII s. I meoTxedi), Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 91-92; papaSvili m., saqarTvelos sagareo politiku-

ri urTierTobebani, gv. 86. m. papaSvilis es monografia gamo-

yenebuli wyaroebiT, literaturiTa da gamoTqmuli mosaz-

rebebiT, vfiqrob, erT-erTi saukeTesoa qarTul istiriogra-

fiaSi vaxtang VI-isa da petre I-is urTierTobis Sesaswa-

vlad, ix. gv. 58-94.

296

vis, rom Cndeba eWvi, ruseTis xelisufleba osmaleTis

mier saqarTvelos okupaciisaTvis xelis Sewyobis miz-

niT mowadinebuli iyo vaxtang mefe, arc Tu mcire

jariT, moSoreboda Tavis samefos. eWvi rom usafuZvlo

ar aris, iqidan Cans, rom im dros, rodesac petre

ganjaSi myof vaxtangs Txovs Semdegi wlis zafxulamde

daelodos mis dabrunebas da erToblivad Seution

irans, am dros rusi diplomatebi osmaleTis mTav-

robasTan molaparakebas awarmoeben aRmosavleT ami-

erkavkasiis da sxva teritoriebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb.

aseT viTarebaSi metad gasaocrad gamoiyureba rusTa

imperatoris saomari mowodeba qarTlis mefisadmi. es

aSkarad niSnavda omis provocirebas TurqeT-saqarT-

velos Soris. amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom vaxtangma

mxolod maSin dainaxa is didi safrTxe, romelic qar-

Tls emuqreboda osmaleTis mxridan, rodesac miiRo

cnoba petres astraxanSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb. petres am-

gvari gadawyvetilebis gamarTleba im sxvadasxva mize-

ziT, romelsac istorikosebi asaxeleben (sursaTisa da

satransporto saSualebebis nakleboba, ruseTis gemebis

daRupva kaspiis zRvaSi Relvis gamo, jarSi epidemiis

gavrceleba...) gamarTleba ar SeiZleba. rogorc o.Gp.

markova aRniSnavda, petres kavkasiidan wasvlis mizezi

iyo osmaleTTan omis Tavidan acileba1.

osmaleTis xelisuflebis mkacri pozicia gamoav-

lina rusebis banakSi misulma sulTnis warmomadgenel-

ma, romelmac pirdapir ganacxada, rom ruseTis armiis

1 Маркова О. П., Россия, Закавказье и международные отношения,

Москва, 1966, с. 27.

297

Semdgomi winsvla kavkasiaSi sulTnis karze ganixile-

boda rogorc ruseTisaTvis omis gamocxadebis mizezi1.

petre I-ma jaris erTi nawili datova kavkasiaSi ge-

neral a. matiuSkinis meTaurobiT da 29 seqtembers Ziri-

Tadi ZalebiT dabrunda astraxanSi.

osmaleTis politikas kavkasiaSi aqtiurad uWerd-

nen mxars inglisi da avstria. maT surdaT gaCaRebuli-

yo ruseT–osamleTis axali omi. maTi warmomadgenlebi

stambolSi Caagonebdnen sulTnis ministrebs, rom petre

I-is laSqroba kaspiispireTSi iyo ruseTis mier kavkasi-

is dapyrobis dasawyisi.

1722 wlis meore naxevarSi stabolSi vrceldebo-

da sxvadasxva xmebi: ruseTis jaris saswrafod gayvana

kavkasiidan gamowveuli iyo ruseTis marcxiT; petre I

saidumlod Cavida saqarTveloSi da mitropolitTan

awarmoebda molaparakebas ruseTis armiis mier mTeli

saqarTvelos okupaciis Sesaxeb da sxv. porta iyenebda

yovelgvar saSualebas, kerZod, intrigas, dezinformaci-

as, mosyidvas, iranelebis rusebis winaaRmdeg waqezebas.

saqarTvelos `dacvis~ sababiT serasker ibrahim-faSas

gaugzavnes damatebiTi Zalebi, raTa morCilebaSi yolo-

daT saqarTvelos xani, Tundac mas Tavisi Tavi daeyene-

bina ruseTis mefis mfarvelobis qveS2.

1722 wlis oqtombris Sua ricxvebSi ibrahim faSam

miiRo brZaneba 50-aTasiani jariT Sesuliyo qarTlSi da

daemorCilebina vaxtang VI, Semdeg ki arzrumis faSa 20-

aTasiani jariT unda Sesuliyo daRestanSi, raTa ruse-

Tis jaris winsvla SeeCerebina.

1 Сотавов Н.А., Северный Кавказ в русско-иранских и русско-турецких

отношениях в XVIII в. http://kumukia.ru/books/0002/pages/page14. 2 Shaw Lucile M., The Ottoman Empire from 1720 to 1734. Illinois, 1944, p. 96.


298

daZabulobis ganmuxtvas ver uSvela safrangeTis

elCis de boniakis Suamavlobam. porta cdilobda daec-

va Tavisi ùfleba~ somxeTze, saqarTveloze, azerbaij-

ansa da Crdilo kavkasiaze. man daiwyo dasaxelebuli

qveynebis pirdapiri dapyroba.

amierkavkasiaSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb sainte-

reso cnobebi dagvitova Turqma sazogado da saxelmwi-

fo moRvawem, mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargis mkvlevarma

axmed jevdet-faSam Tavis 12-tomian òsmaleTis isto-

riaSi~, romlidanac rusulad iTargmna da 1888 wels

gamoqveynda is adgilebi, romlebic exeboda kavkasias1.

rogorc osmalo mkvlevari aRniSnavda, sulTanma ahmad

III-m (1703-1730) iCqara daufleboda gurjistanis deda-

qalaq Tbiliss, SemaxaSi, Sirvanis mTavar qalaqSi dasva

gamgebeli, aaSena qalaq faSis (fazisi, foTi) cixe-

simagre Savi zRvis napirze, gagzavna moxeleebi da inJi-

nrebi maT aRsawerad. amgvarad man iqidan gaxsna gza

Tbilisisaken da gaaiola misi da daRestnis momarage-

ba iaraRiT, romelic flots mohqonda faSSi2.

noembris bolos osmaleTis mTavrobam moiTxova

ruseTs gaeyvana kavkasiaSi darCenili jari3.

1 Джевдет-паша, Описание событий в Грузии и Черкесии, по отноше-

нию к оттомфнской империи от 1192 года по 1202 год хиджры

(1775-1784 гг.) // Переведен с турецкого. «Русский архив», 1888, 3, (с.

369-392), c. 312. cnobilia Semdeggi saTauriT: Описание событий

в Грузии и Черкесии по отношению к Оттоманской империи от 1192 года по 1202 год Хиджры (1775-1784).

2 Тамже, с. 372; Сотавов Н.А., Северный Кавказ в русско-иранских и

русско-турецких отношениях в XVIII в. http://kumukia.ru/books/0002/-

pages/page14. 3 Мельгунов Г.В. Поход Петра Великого в Персию. 1728 год // Исто-

рия, география и этнография Дагестана XVIII–XIX вв., Москва,



299

1723 wlis 15 Tebervals nepliuevi petre pirvels

swerda, rom sulTani iTxovda ruseTs xeli aeRo da-

Restanze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mTel Tavis saomar Se-

saZleblobebs gamoiyenebda kavkasiis qveynebis dasaca-

vad am gazafxulze1.

rac dro gadioda osmaleTi miT ufro agresiuli

xdeboda

vaxtang mefe CaSlil erTobliv laSqrobas TiTqos

Seegua, magram, roca petres jari sTxova osmalebis

qarTlSi SemoWris aRsakveTad, imperatorisagan uari mi-

iRo.

carizmis droindeli istorikosebic ki, zogjer

cdilobdnen obieqturni yofiliyvnen petres saqarTve-

losTan urTierTobis Sefasebisas. p. butkovi aRniSnav-

da, rom petrem vidre amierkavkasiaSi vaxtangis mxarda-

Wera sWirdeboda, mas mravali dapireba misca, rom daex-

mareboda mahmadiani mezoblebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi,

magram man ise miatova iranTan da osmaleTTan dapiris-

pirebuli vaxtangi, rom arc ki dafiqrebula rogori

damRupveli SedegiT SeiZleboda damTavrebuliyo yove-

live mis mier avantiuraSi CaTreuli qarTlis samefosa-

Tvis2.

1723 wlis seqtemberSi iranTan gaformebuli e. w.

peterburgis xelSkrulebiT ruseTs `mudmiv~ mflobe-

lobaSi darCa derbendi, baqo da misi mimdebare kaspi-

1958, с. 193; Козубский Е. И,. История города Дербента. – Темир-

хан-Шура, 1906, c. 72. 1 Сотавов Н.А., Северный Кавказ в русско-иранских и русско-турецких

отношениях в XVIII в. http://kumukia.ru/books/0002/pages/page14. 2 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч.

1, СПБ, 1869, c. 29-30.


300

ispira teritoriebi. ruseTma irans aRuTqva daxmareba

misi mtrebis winaaRmdeg.

ruseT-iranis xelSekrulebam gamoiwvia osmaleTis

gaaqtiureba. misi samxedro moqmedeba amierkavkasiaSi ga-

naxlda 1723 wlis Semodgomaze, oqtomberSi. osmaleTis

mravalricxovani armia gavida Tbilisidan daud-begTan

SesaerTeblad, magram ganadgurebul iqna somexi, qarT-

veli da daRestneli ajanyebulebis mier. ukandaxeul

Turqebs Tavs daesxnen kaxeTis mefis da daRestnelebis

jari da iZulebuli gaxades daexiaT qarTlisken1.

osmaleTs darCa saqarTvelo (Tbilisi), somxeTi

(erevani), Aazerbaijani (Semaxa da Tavrizi) da Crdilo

irani yazvinTan erTad2.

Turqebma qarTlSi vaxtangis Zma iese gaamefes. vax-

tangma dakarga Tavis samefoSi dabrunebis imedi da ga-

dawyvita Tavi Seefarebina ruseTSi. 1724 wlis ivlisSi

vaxtangi 1200-kaciani amaliT Cavida cxinvalSi, gaiara

raWa,→mamisonis uReltexili, digori, CerqezeTi, didi

yabardo, jvris cixe, astraxani3.

1 Абрамян Г. Документы из истории совместной борьбы народов

Закавказья против турецких захватчиков в первой четверти XVIII

в. // Инженерно-физический журнал, 1964, №2 (25), с. 252. 2 Лысцов В. П., Персидский поход Петра I. 1722-1723, Москва, 1951;

Большая Советская Энциклопедия, т. 22, Москва, 1975, с. 423. 3 vaxtangTan erTad ruseTSi gaemgzavra: 5 arqieli, 5 arqiman-

driti, 6 iRumeni, 1 dekanozi, 1 arqidiakoni, 1 protodiako-

ni, 8 Rvdeli, 7 diakoni, 3 ipodiakoni, 3 eklesiis msaxuri, 2

beri, masTan erTad da mis Semdeg 1738 wlamde gaemgzavra 43

Tavadi da aznauri. maT Soris iyvnen: Tavadi dimitri orbe-

liani, Tavadi nodar baraTaSvili, Tavadebi mamuka da SioS

javaxiSvilebi, dimitri SalikaSvili, mamuka daviTaSvili,

melvindek (melqisedek?) baraTaSvili, vaxtang Turqestani-

http://nasb.gov.by/rus/publications/ifzh/index.php

301

Turqebis eqspansiam saqarTveloSi warmoSva lto-

lvilebi, romlebic sxvadasxva mxareSi gadasaxldnen.

qarTvelTa erTi aseTi dasaxleba Seiqmna daRestanSi.

sadac maT TavianTi monasteric ki daarses1.

vaxtang mefis amalis didi nawili astraxanSi dar-

Ca, TviTon ki, 80 kacis TanxlebiT moskovisken gaeSura.

jevdeT-faSa, ixilavda ra kavkasiaSi Seqmnil situ-

acias ruseT-osmaleTis dapirispirebisas XVIII s. pir-

vel mesamedSi, werda: àm areulobis dros ruseTma aje-mis miwaze daipyro demir-kapu2. ukanasknel xans (ruseb-is mier _ e.m.) Sah-TamazTan dadebuli samSvidobo xel-SekrulebiT daTmobil iqna derbendis cixe, baqo da gilanis provincia, mazandarani da astrabadi. magram radgan im mxareebSi rusebis dabinaveba ewinaaRmdege-boda (osmaleTis _ e. m.) umaRlesi xelisuflbis intere-sebs... umaRlesma xelisuflebam sultan ahmedis dros... iCqara daufleboda gurjisTans TbilisiTurT, Tavisi saxeliT dasva gamgebeli SemaxaSi, Sirvanis olqis mTa-var qalaqSi da aaSena ra faSi3 Savi zRvis napirze, da-saxelebuli adgilebis aRsawerad gagzavnes Cinovnikebi Svili, salagovebi (?), xerxeuliZeebi, amilaxvrebi (igor va-

silis Ze, samamule kolegiis prezidenti, gard. 55 wlisa

moskovSi; evgeni vasilis Ze, moskovis samoqalaqo palatis

Tavmjdomare, gard. 65 wlisa moskovSi; evgeni potapis Ze,

general-maiori, gard. 1767 wels). aznaurebi: boris egorovi

(?), gabriel da ivane maWavarianebi, mixeil da maTe CxeiZeebi,

daviT^Tuxareli. Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории

Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч. 1, c. 65; paiWaZe g., ruseT-saqarTvelos

istoriisaTvis, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 206-233. 1 Бутков П. Г. Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803

г,. ч.1, c. 57. 2 derbendi. 3 fazisi, foTi.

302

da inJinrebi. (faSidan _ e.m.) gaixsna gza Tbilisisaken da amiT gaadvilda Tbilisisa da daRestanis momarageba iaraRiT, romelic gemebiT mihqondaT faSiSi~1.

1724 wlis 12(23) ivniss stambolSi xeli moewera

ruseT-osmaleTis SeTanxmebas kavkasiis gavlenis sfero-

ebad gayofis Sesaxeb. osmaleTma ruseTis kuTvnilebad

scno is olqebi, romlebic iranma gadasca peterburgis

xelSekrulebis mixedviT, aseve Sirvanis zRvis sanapiro

zolis ori mesamedi da sxv. osmaleTis imperias ga-

daeca iranis imperiis yofili teritoriebi azerbaijan-

Si (ardebilis gareSe), saqarTvelo, somxeTi da iranis

dasavleTi teritoriebis nawili. SeTanxmebiT ruseTma

SeinarCuna kaspiispireTis dasavleTi da samxreTi teri-

toriebi2.

am dros srulad gamoCnda petre I-is udieri damo-

kidebuleba mis mier gaubedurebuli vaxtang mefis mi-

marT.

vaxtangma Tavisi gadawyvetileba ruseTSi gadasax-

lebis Sesaxeb acnoba astraxanis gubernator a. vo-

linskis, romelmac dauyovnebliv Seatyobina petres da

arc is daumala, rom vaxtangs imperatoris saxeliT

aRuTqva, rom mas da mis ojaxs Sesaferisi pativiT

miiRebda astraxanSi. qarTveli mefisaTvis amgvari ne-

barTvis micemiT ganrisxebulma petrem, ganacxada, rom

`miuxedavad imisa, rom mefe gaWirvebaSia, mainc amayad iqceva~. xelmwifes undoda vaxtangi dasaxlebuliyo wm.

jvris cixe-simagreSi3, an sadme ruseT-saqarTvelos saz-

1 Джевдет-паша, История Турции, c. 312. 2 Сборник Императорского Русского Исторического Общества, СПб.,

1886, т. 52, с. 19 – 29. 3 1722 wlis zafxulis kampaniis dros petre I-ma mdinare

koisus marcxena napirze daiwyo wm. jvris cixe-simagris mSe-

303

Rvarze. magram radgan uxerxuloba iqmneboda imis gamo,

rom a. volinskis imperatoris saxeliT micemuli hqonda

piroba vaxtangisaTvis da imis gamoc, rom vaxtangis dam,

imereTis dedofalma ekaterine daviTis asulma, arCi-

lis meuRlem, romelic ruseTSi cxovrobda, miswera

petres vaxtangis ubedurebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg is

iZulebuli gaxda miewera mefisaTvis werili, romelic

gaatana Turqestanovsa da daviT nazarovs, rom uflebas

aZlevda Casuliyo ruseTSi da imasac dapirda, rom yo-

velTvis iqneboda xelmwifis wyalobis qveS1.

`pasuxi imperatrica ekaterine I-is saxeliT saqarTvelos mmarTvelis husein–yuli-xanis

[vaxtang VI] mosazrebebze~2

es aris vaxtang mefis mosazrebebi dawerili Tur-

qul enaze arabuli anbaniT. gaugebaria ratom moixse-

nieba igi im saxeliT, romelic mas iranSi Searqves ga-

muslimanebis Semdeg. Znelia dajereba, rom vaxtang mefe

peterburgSi gagzavnida Turqulad Sedgenil werils,

maSin rodesac is ukve ruseTSi imyofeboda, daewera

Turqulad da sakuTari Tavi ki muslimanuri saxeliT

moexseniebina. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom ekaterines sa-

xeliT dawerili memorandumSi, petre I-isa da ekaterene

nebloba, romelic damTavrda 1724 wels. es cixe unda gada-

qceuliyo ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis dasayrdenad daRe-

stanSi. nadir Sahis brZanebiT is daangries da mis nacvlad md. Tergze agebul iqna yizlaris cixe.

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по

1803 г., ч. 1, c. 63. 2 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770, с. 183-189.

304

I-is vaxtang mefesTan urTierTobis mTeli periodi,

qarTlis mefis diplomatiisa da moqmedebis uaryofiTi

Sefasebaa. radgan vaxtang mefe ar eTanxmeboda ruseTis

mTavrobis mTel rig moTxovnebs da gulmodgined icav-

da sakuTar Tavs, samefosa da qveSevrdomebs, rac, ro-

gorc memorandumSi gamJRavnebuli damcinavi tonidan

Cans, Zlier aRizianebda ekaterinesa da mis mTavrobas.

werili Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: a) vaxtang mefis

werili ekaterine I-s da b) ekaterine I-is mTavrobis pa-

suxi vaxtang mefes.

vaxtang VI Tavis werilSi cdilobda Seefasebina

saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba XVIII s. 20-ani wlebis

pirvel naxevarSi. memorandumis Seqmnis winapiroba iyo

vaxtang VI-is mier 1725 wlis 29 ivniss ruseTis mTavro-

bisaTvis gagzavnili werili, romelSic man Camoayaliba

Tavisi mosazrebebi petre I-isa da ekaterine I-is mefob-

is periodis saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis Sesaxeb:

1. ruseTs yvela Rone unda exmara, gaeTavisufle-

bina saqarTvelo osamlebisagan da amis Sansi arsebob-

da. vaxtangi Tavis am mosazrebas gamosTqvams im realo-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic Seiqmna kaspiispireTSi

petres laSqrobis dawyebis win da mis dros. am moTx-

ovnas mefe afuZnebda im Tavdasxmis SiSze, romelsac

osmaleTi moeloda CrdiloeTidan, e.i. ruseTis mxridan,

maSin, rodesac igive osmaleTi aseT xifaTs ar moelo-

da dasustebuli iranisagan.

2. ruseTis warmatebebma kaspiispireTSi, waaxalisa

kavkasiis qristiani xalxebi da isini ruseTs miemxrnen.

aman aiZula osmaleTi, ruseTis Semdgomi winsvlis Sesa-

Cereblad daepyro qarTli, kaxeTi da Sirvani. Tu ru-

seTi ar iaqtiurebda, vaxtang mefis gagebiT, osmaleTi

Crdilo kavkasiasac daipyrobda, riTac sabolood gada-

uketavda gzas ruseTs kaspiispireTisa da iranisaken.

305

3. Tu ruseTi vaxtang VI-s daexmareboda taxtis

dabrunebaSi, maSin qarTlis mefes miemxrobodnen imere-

Tis da kaxeTis samefoebi da kavkasieli mTielebi. mag-

ram vaxtang mefes kargad esmoda, rom osmaleTi iolad

ar Seeleoda saqarTvelos dakargvas. amitom ruseTs ka-

vSiri unda daemyarebina im saxemwifoebTan, romlebic

mxars dauWerdnen mis kavkasiur politikas. is, albaT

gulisxmobda avstrias.

4. irani daeTanxmeboda ruseTis mier kaspiispire-

Tis dakavebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ruseTi daexmareboda

avRanelebTan brZolaSi.

5. vaxtang mefis azriT, aucilebeli iyo ruseTis

mTavrobas Crdilo kavkasiaSi aego cixe-simagre, romel-

Sic Tavs moiyrida ruseTis jari. mas mxars dauWerdnen

yabardoelebi da sxva mTielebi, Tu isini ruseTis sam-

saxurSi iqnebodnen. albaT, vaxtang mefem am sakiTxze

icoda dasaxelebuli mTielebis azri. amgvarad ruseTi

daubrkoleblad daamyarebda saqarTvelosTan kavSirs1.

6. simagris mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT vaxtang

mefes hkiTxes, Tu dasaxldeboda im adgilas sadac ur-

Cevda ruseTis mTavrobas simagris agebas da daasaxle-

bda Tu ara qarTvelebs im adgilebSi, isini xom gamo-

ikvebebodnen TavianTi xeliT moweuli soflis meur-

neobis produqtebiT. vaxtangma am winadadebaze uariT

upasuxa. mas aucileblad miaCnda, rom iq Tavi moeyara

ruseTis jars, romlis daxmarebiTac vaxtangi dabrun-

deboda saqarTveloSi. ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgen-

lebis pasuxi iyo: mTavrobas gauWirdeboda vaxtangis-

Tvis sasurvel adgilebSi sursaTis Sezidva da urCies

dasaxlebuliyvnen mdinare solaxis raionSi, magram man

1 paiWaZe, vaxtang meeqvse, gv. 128-129.

306

amazec uari Tqva imis gamo, rom aqedan saqarTvelosken

mimaval gzaze lekebi TareSobdnen.

7. vaxtang mefem kvlav moiTxova ruseTis jaris

gagzavna saqarTveloSi da is werilebic waradgina, rom-

lebiTac qarTvelebi da somxebi daxmarebas iTxovdnen.

8. iranTan dakavSirebiT vaxtang VI-m gaimeora, rom

saWiro iyo Sah-TamazisaTvis daxmareba da misi momxreo-

bis mopoveba. magram, rodesac gairkva, rom Sah-Tamaz II-s

ar surda molaparakeba ruseTTan, vaxtangs SesTavazes

SahTan gaegzavna Tavisi kaci. vaxtangma ganacxada: Tvi-

Ton gaemgzavreboda Sahis dasaxmareblad jariT. ruse-

Tis mTavrobam ki gadawyvita gaegzavnaT vaxtangTan

daaxloebuli vaxtang amilaxvari, romelic Sahs wauRe-

bda vaxtang mefis werils1.

1725 wlis agvistoSi vaxtangma Seityo, rom ekate-

rine I-ma mis Sesanaxad sWiro Tanxa gaiRo, gasagebi

gaxda, rom ruseTis mTavroba axlo momavalSi ar geg-

mavda mis dabrunebas saqarTveloSi, arc SeiaraRebuli

ZaliT da arc diplomatiuri saSualebebiT. mefem mad-

loba moaxsena imperatricas mzrunvelobisaTvis da ga-

dawyvita eTqva yvelaferi, rasac fiqrobda ruseTis

mTavrobasTan bolo periodis urTierTobaze:

1. man daiwyo im xarjebis (3 milioni man.) aRniS-

vniT, romelic daexarja petre I-is lodinSi sakmaod

didi jariT ganjaSi yofnis dros. vaxtangma amis sama-

gierod petres sTxova mxolod 5 aTasi maneTiT daxma-

reba da Sepirda samagierod daexmareboda kaspiispire-

Tis dapyrobaSi. is moiTxovda dasaxelebuli Tanxa ese-

sxebinaT im pirobiT, rom, rodesac saqarTvelos gaaTa-

visuflebda, ruseTis mTavrobas vals daubrunebda or-

magad.

1 iqve, gv. 129-130.

307

2. vaxtang mefem, sxvaTa Soris, isic gaixsena, rom

man uaryo Sahisa da sulTnis mier SeTavazebuli mfar-

veloba da upiratesoba mianiWa petres Txovnas gadasu-

liyo ruseTSi1. igi gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda, rom

miatova Tavisi samefo, sadac misi gvari 500 (?) wlis

ganmavlobaSi mefobda.

3. vaxtang mefe imiTic iyo ukmayofilo, rom ruseT-

is mTavroba mas moixseniebda ara mefed aramed princad.

4. mefisaTvis gasagebi iyo, rom mis Txovna-moTxov-

nebs ruseTSi imperatricas garda veravin daakmayofile-

bda da iTxova audiencia, magram uari miiRo.

rodesac ruseTis mTavroba gaecno vaxtangis ganc-

xadebas, savaraudoa, ekaterines brZanebiT gadawyvita

epasuxa ise, rom igi gaexadaT morCili. amisaTvis Seiq-

mna cinizmiT aRsavse memorandumi, romelic warmoadgens

ekaterine I-is da misi mTavrobis mier gardacvlili

petre I-is da ekaterine I-is mier saqarTvelos mimarT

Cadenili danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis gamarTlebis mcde-

lobas. is, rac qarTlis mefesa da mis qveyanas daatyda

Tavs petres avantiuraze ayolis Sedegad, surdaT

mTlianad gadaebralebinaT vaxtang mefisaTvis. maT, ra

Tqma unda, icodnen vaxtang mefis mier petre I-is, misi

moxeleebisa da agentebisaTvis gagzavnili ukmayofile-

bis gamomxatveli werilebi (zemoT iqna ganxiluli) da

axla cdilobdnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mier ganc-

dil yvela ubedurebaSi brali daedoT vaxtangisaTvis.

rodesac vaxtengis moxsenebaze pasuxi warudgines

ekaterines, man ukiduresad mwvaved miiCnia da brZana

1 rogorc Cans vaxtang mefem ar icoda, rom petre mxars

uWerda mis Casaxlebas saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvarTan da

mas ganzraxva gadaafiqrebina artem volinskim, ris

Sesaxebac zemoT ukve iTqva.

308

Tavi SeekavebinaT da igi ar gadaecaT mefisaTvis. ekate-

rine da misi mTavroba ixedeboda momavlisaken. maT jer

ar icodnen, rodis gamoadgebodaT qarTlis mefe da

saqarTvelo TavianTi politikuri miznebisaTvis, amitom

iyo, rom memorandum-paskvili ar gaaxmaures, magram ar

gaanadgures da Seinaxes.

dokumenti gamoaqveyna m. brosem1. misi gacnobiT

qarTveli mkiTxveli, romelsac met-naklebi codna gaaC-

nia vaxtang VI-is ruseTTan urTierTobaze, sruli war-

modgena Seeqmneba ruseTis imperiis xelisufalTa damo-

kidebulebasa da zraxvebze saqarTvelos mimarT. ruse-

Tis mTavroba iseT suraTs xatavda, romliTac TiTqos

mas rogorc warsulSi, ise amJamad saqarTvelosa da

qarTveli xalxis, iseve rogorc, zogadad, qristianebis

mimarT, mxolod qristianuli siyvaruli amoZravebda.

man bevri ram sasikeTo gaukeTa, magram ùmadurma~ vaxtang

mefem ar daufasa. man Tavisi araswori moqmedebiT xeli

SeuSala petre I-s kaspiispireTis dapyrobaSi da veRar

SeZlo gaeTavisuflebina qristianuli mosaxleoba mahma-

dianTa uRlisagan.

Sinaarsis mixedviT memorandumi SeiZleba davyoT

13 muxlad. igi iwyeba pasuxiT vaxtang mefis mier ga-

moTqmul im sayvedurze, ruseTis mTavroba ratom ar

moixseniebda mas mefis tituliT da mimarTavda damdab-

lebiT, uwodebda princs.

`[1]2 Tqveni Zveli gvarwar-momavloba CvenTvis

cnobilia; amitom Tqveni uganaTlebulesoba yovelTvis

sargeblobda misi didi mniSvnelobiT. igive tituli

`Zlieri~ ..., romelic mieniWeba romis imperatoris mier,


государями от 1639 по 1770, с. 183-189. 2 danomrilia pirobiTad.

309

Cvenc vaniWebT Tqvens uganaTlebulesobas. Tqvens mier

miTiTebul romis papis sigelSi Tqven moniWebuli gaqvT

tituli `pativcemuli~1... es tituli ki, ar aris maRali,

eZleva yvela samxedro meTaurs. Tqveno uganaTlebu-

lesobav, xedavT rogor gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

eniWeba Cveni mxridan Tqvens keTilSobilur gvarwar-

momavlobas. Tu Tqveni uganaTlebulesoba gaixsenebs,

Tqveni gvaris Zvel mefeebs, maSin imasac gaixsenebT, ro-

gor did daxmarebas da mowyalebas uwevdnen Cveni Zveli

rusi xelmwifeebi. es daxmareba maT eZleodaT qris-

tianuli siyvaruliT, raTa SemsubuqebodaT mahmadianTa

mZime uReli. Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam icis qarTveli

mmarTvelebi _ Teimurazi, nikolozi (erekle I), da

bolos mefe arCilma dedofalTan da SvilebTan erTad,

imisaTvis rom ar gamahmadianebuliyvnen, datoves Tavisi

samflobeloebi da Camovidnen ruseTis saxelmwifoSi.

isini miiRes da daexmarnen, ramdenadac SesaZlebeli

iyo; isini aq cxovrobdnen, sargeblobdnen im RirsebiTa

da pativiscemiT, rac ekadreboda maT maRal gvarwar-

momavlobas. imperatori [petre I] Tavisi mamebisa da

papebis mibaZviT, qristianuli sarwmunoebis siyvaruliT,

1 miqel TamaraSvilis mier gamoqveynebul pap klemente XI-is

1714 wlis 17 agvistos vaxtangisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi

vkiTxulobT: `brwyinvale da uZlieres vaxtangs, aziis ibe-

riis mefes. klemente XI. brwyinvale da uZlevelo mefev...~

(Illustri ac Potentissimi Vactanch Asiaticæ Iberia Regi. Illme, ac Potentissime

Rex Salutem...). TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarT-velTa Soris, gv. 726. vaxtangi samefo tituliTaa moxse-

niebuli sulxan-sabas da safrangeTis mefis qveSevrdomTa

frangulenovan mimoweraSi. amdenad, Znelia garkveva, papis

romeli sigeli warudgina vaxtang mefem ekaterine I-is kar-

iskacebs.

310

surda daxmareboda Tqvens uganaTlebulesobasac. Tqve-

no uganaTlebulesobav, gaxsovT amis gamo rogor sTxo-

vdiT da awuxebdiT mis imperatorobiT umaRlesobas? [2]

imisaTvis wamoiwyo xelmwife imparatorma sparseTis

laSqroba, raTa, iq Tqven uganaTlebulesobasTan Seer-

TebiT gaeTavisuflebina qristianebi mahmadianTagan Se-

viwroebisagan, Tqven gaeTavisuflebineT mahmadianTa uR-

lisgan, da eqcieT damoukidebel qristianul xelmwi-

fed, gaeZlierebina Tqveni xelisufleba; [3] Tqven iciT

ramdenjer mogmarTes sxvadasxva winadadebiT, ufro

metic, TurqestaniSvilis saSualebiTac. am Tavad Tur-

qestaniSvilis saSualebiT gadmogces, rom imperators

ewada SeerTeboda Tqvens uganaTlebulesobas baqosa

da derbends Soris. xelmwife imperatoris survili

mdgomareobda imaSi, rom radgan Tqven gqondaT me-

gobroba da kargi ganwyobileba SahTan, moRalate le-

kebisaTvis migeyenebinaT ziani, amisaTvis gamogeZebnaT

raime sababi. xelmwife imperatori ar zogavda Zalas,

Zvirfas janmrTelobas da agrZelebda laSqrobas. aiRo

ra derbendi, is wavidoda Semaxisken, Tu ar Seiqmneboda

samwuxaro dabrkolebebi; samarTliani kacia Tqveni uga-

naTlebulesoba; Tqven iciT mdebareoba da mdgomareoba

im adgilebis da Tqven TviTon gansajeT CvenTvis Sexve-

drili winaaRmdegobebis mizezebi; TqvenTvis cnobilia,

rom Cvens polkebs da laSqars ar SeeZloT swrafad ga-

daadgileba. xelmwife imperatorma maSinve acnoba Tqv-

ens uganaTlebulesobas moxele oficris saSualebiT im

dabrkolebaTa Sesaxeb da ineba moeca zogierTi dari-

geba Tqveni uganaTlebulesobisaTvis; RmerTis imedi

gvqonda, rom Tqven Tu moiqceodiT am darigebaTa Sesa-

bamisad (xolo am darigebebis mixedviT moqmedeba ki

TqvenTvis sakadrisi iyo), maSin yvelaferi mogvardebo-

da Cveni survilis mixedviT. nu iwyens Tqveni uganaTle-

311

bulesoba, TqvenTvis cnobilia, rom Tqven arc erTi da-

saxelebuli saqme ar SeasruleT. Tqveni jariT did

xans usaqmurad ideqiT ganjaSi. Tqven unda SeerTe-

bodiT xelmwife imparators; rogorc gvarwmunebdiT

Tqven iolad daamarcxebdiT Sahis winaaRmdeg ajanyebu-

lebs. maSin xelmwife imperatori iolad gaivlida.

TqvenTvisac ioli iqneboda Semaxaze wasvla, mTeli im

adgilebis dapyroba da iq gamagreba, radgan im adgi-

lebSi aravin imyofeboda moRalateebis garda. im dros

Turqebis xsenebac ki ar iyo. ufro metic, roca Tqveni

uganaTlebulesobis moqmedebis Sesaxeb Seityobdnen,

yvela somexi Tqvens mxares dadgeboda. eWvsgareSea, rom

Tqveni jariT da im mxareSi myofi somxebis mxardaWe-

riT, SeZlebdiT mtrisgan gagewmindaT gza, SeerTebodiT

ruseTis armias, Turqebis mxridan yovelgvari SiSis ga-

reSe gagefarToebinaT Tqveni samflobeloebi da gage-

didebinaT Tqveni saxeli. magram Tqvenma uganaTlebule-

sobam eseni ar moimoqmede, mxolod waeCxube kaxeTis

mefes. Tqveni am Cxubis Sedegad ugulebelhyaviT xelm-

wife imperatoris qristianuli ganzraxulobani, ganji-

dan isev saqarTveloSi waxvediT. [saqarTveloSi] yofnis

periodSi sabolood dagamarcxaT kaxeTis mefem, Semdeg

gaiqeciT mTebSi, Tqveni samflobeloebi dauTmeT kaxeT-

is mefes, da bolos TviTonac Turqebis mfarvelobaSi

aRmoCndiT, Tumca im dros saqarTveloSi ar iyo Turqe-

Tis jari. am samwuxaro ambebiT gamouSviT Cveni moxele

oficeri da daabareT, rom saswrafod aRmogveCina Tqve-

nTvis daxmareba, an Tqven gagveTavisufleT im qveynebi-

dan. Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam unda icodes, rom ka-

xeTis mefesTan Tqveni mtrobis Sedegad da imis gamoc,

rom Tqven TviTon SexvediT Turqebis mfarvelobaSi,

Turqebi daubrkoleblad daeuflnen saqarTvelos. Tqve-

ni uganaTlebulesobis Tavgadasavalis gagebis Semdeg,

312

xelmwife imperatorma, qristianuli siyvaruliT, moiRo

wyaloba. yvela siZnelis da gzis saSiSroebis miuxeda-

vad, romelTa Sesaxeb moaxsenebdnen Tqveni uganaTlebu-

lesobis mier gamogzavnili Tavadi zurabi da Tavadi

TurqestaniSvili, man [imperatorma] Tqveni uganaTlebu-

lesobis dasaxmareblad gamogzavna oriaTasi kaci Tavi-

si armiidan. magram vidre es jari sulakis simagredan

gavidoda, Tqveni uganaTlebulesobisgan movida Setyo-

bineba, rom mTeli saqarTvelo Turqebma daikaveso.

Tqven iTxovdiT Tqveni uganaTlebulesobis gamoxsnas im

adgilebidan. [4] xelmwife imperatorma, romelic mudam

mowyalebis TvaliT uyurebda Tqveni uganaTlebulesob-

is ubedur mdgomareobas, Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS mii-

Ro mefe, romelic TurqeTis mfarvelobis qveS iyo,

miuxedavad imisa, rom amis gamo SeiZleboda momxdariyo

saxifaTo omi TurqeTTan, rogorc es cnobilia Tqveni

uganaTlebulesobisaTvis. [5] Tqven uganaTlebulesobas

agreTve unda axsovdes, ramdenjer Tqven da Tqveni da

princesa daria1 awuxebdiT TxovniT xelmwife impera-

tors, mieReT misi mfarvelobis qveS. Tqvenma uganaTle-

bulesobm aseve inebos gaixsenos, rom xelmwife impera-

torma ubrZana xsenebul Tqvens das, princesas, gamoeg-

zavna TqenTan werili, rom Tqven wamosuliyaviT ramde-

nime aTasiani qarTuli jariT. xelmwifis ganzraxva

mdgomareobda imaSi, rom SeerTebina Tavisi armia qarT-

ul jarTan, gaeTavisuflebina qristianebi, romlebic

imyofebodnen sparseTis saxelmwifoSi da Tqveni uga-

1 arCil II-is qaliSvili darejani, vaxtang VI-is biZaSvili,

1985 wlidan cxovrobda moskovSi, iyo ganaTlebuli, mwigno-

bari, diplomati, qarTuli axalSenis meTauri, aqtiurad mo-

Rvaweobda saqarTvelo-ruseTis daaxloebisaTvis, did pat-

ivs scemda petre I.

313

naTlebulesoba daemkvidrebina taxtze. [6] radgan yo-

veli rTuli saqme moyvanili unda iqnas sisruleSi,

xelmwife imperatorma awon-dawona da Tqvens uganaTle-

bulesobas ubrZana da TviTonac erideboda, rom misi

amgvari CareviT ar momxdariyo TurqebTan naadrevi omi.

[imperatoris] gegma mdgomareobda imaSi, rom dauflebo-

da misTvis saWiro zRvis napirs1, uSiSari gaexada gza

Tqveni uganaTlebulesobis samflobeloebisken. xelmwi-

fe imperatori Tu pirveli daiwyebda oms TurqebTan,

maSin isini TavianT samezobloSi daiwyebdnen yvela

qristianis Cagvras, xelmwife imperatori ki, roelic ar

flobda raime xelisuflebas im adgilebSi, ver SeZ-

lebda qristianebis daxmarebas. amitom Tqveni uganaT-

lebulesoba mixvdeba, rom Tqven mier samefos dakargvis

mizezi iyo ara xelmwife imperatori, aramed iyaviT Tvi-

Ton Tqven. [7] xelmwife imperatoris [katerine I-is]

gagebiT, Tqven uganaTlebulesobas Tqvens samefoSi ar

gimoRvawiaT erTi wuTiTac ki, dabrundiT Tu ara

ganjidan saqarTveloSi, maSinve dagamarcxaT kaxeTis

mefem, mas dauTmeT Tqveni samflobelo da miiReT Tur-

qebis mfarveloba. amis gamo Turqebi im mxareSi gaZli-

erdnen, daeuflnen erevans da sxva adgilebs, TavianT

mfarvelobaSi aiyvanes daud begi2 da iqauri mravalric-

1 igulisxmeba kaspiis zRvis dasavleTi sanapiro. 2 lekebis mTavari daud begi aujanyda iranis Sahs da Tavi

gamoacxada osmaleTis sulTnis qveSevrdomad. 1724 wls 12 ivniss osmalebma datoves Semaxa da igi Caabares TavianT

moxarke daud begs. sainteresoa, rom kaspiis zRvasa da

Semaxas Sori sivrce gaiyves petre I-ma da daud begma, Tumca

am ukanasknels SedarebiT naklebi teritoria Sexvda. petre

moiTxovda, rom rom Turqebs Tavisi qristiani qveSevrdo-

mebisaTvis miecaT neba, kerZod, somxebisa da qarTvelebisa-

314

xovani mahmadiani xalxebi, isini winaRudgnen ruseTis

jaris moqmedebas. sxvaTa Soris, xelmwife imperatori,

miuxedavad aseTi rTuli mdgomareobisa, ar iviwyebda

qristianebis gaTavisuflebis qristianul ganzraxvas. [8]

amitom, maSin rodesac xelmwife imperatorma ruseTSi

gadasvlis neba dagrToT, masTan erTad brZana, rom

Tqven uganaTlebulesobas Tqveni jaridan wamogeyvanaT

imdeni, ramdenic SesaZlebeli iqneboda. [9] xelmwife

imperators imedi hqonda, rom roca Tqveni uganaTle-

bulesoba datovebda im adgilebs da gadmosaxldebo-

diT ruseTSi, maSin Tqven Zalauflebis qveS myofi qris-

tianebi, raTa daaRwion Tavi mahmadianebs, Tu yvela

erToblivad ver SeZlebda gadmosaxlebas, SemdgomSi

nawil-nawil gadmosaxldebodnen. [10] xelmwife impera-

toris survili mdgomareobda imaSi, rom dasawyisSi maT

daasaxlebda karg adgilebSi da Seuqmnida mSvidobiani

cxovrebis SesaZleblobas, manamde, vidre xelmwife impe-

ratoris [ekaterine I] jari ar damagrdeba sparseTsa da

mdinare mtkvris napirze, rogorc Tqvens uganaTlebule-

sobas gamoucxades. Tqveni uganaTlebulesobac moaxse-

Tvis, gadasaxlebuliyvnen ruseTis wilxvedril sparseTis

provinciebSi. petre debda pirobas, Tavis mxrivac xels ar

SeuSlida mahmadianebs gadasaxlebuliyvnen osmaleTis

imperiaSi. Костемаров Н. И., Русская история в жизнеописаниях,

ее главнейших деятелей, Москва, 2004, с. 528. Cans, petre I-s undoda iranis CrdiloeTiT da osmale-

bis mier samxreT kavkasiaSi dapyrobil teritoriebs Soris Seeqmna buferuli zona, romelic daicavda ruseTis samf-

lobelos sazRvars, sadac qristianebis CasaxlebiT Seqmnida

placdarms iransa da osmaleTze SetevisaTvis. imperatori

Tavis am gegmas niRbavda qristianebis dacvisaTvis zrunviT.

am gegmis nawili unda yofiliyo vaxtang VI-sa da sxva qarT-

velebis Casaxleba ruseTis sazRvrispira raionebSi.

315

nebda, rom Cveni jari Tqveni qveynis gasaTavisuflebl-

ad misvlas ver SeZlebda verc erTi sxva gziT. [11] Cven

vimedovnebdiT, rom Tqveni uganaTlebulesobis jari,

RvTis SewevniT, TqvenTan erTad movidoda karg adgile-

bSi, radgan gaerTianebulni, gzaSi SeZlebdiT daxmare-

bodiT xelmwife imperatoris jars Tqveni qveynis da

qristianebis gaTavisuflebaSi. xelmwife imperatricas

undoda igive. amisaTvis man brZana Tqveni uganaTlebu-

lesobisaTvis gamoecxadebinaT, rom Tqven Tqveni samf-

lobeloebidan mogewviaT qarTvelebi da sxvebi, iq

mcxovrebi qristianebi da jari dagesaxlebinaT ise, ro-

gorc iTqva, raTa ramdenime xani ecxovraT TavianTi qve-

ynis siaxloves yovelgvari SiSis gareSe xelmwife impe-

ratricas dacvis qveS. magram Tqvenma uganaTlebuleso-

bam aravin wamoiyvana da gamoacxadeT, rom aravis surs

saqarTvelodan am adgilebSi dasaxleba, da rom maT

urCeviaT darCnen mahmadianebis qveSevrdomobaSi, vidre

rwmenis gamo mcire xniT miatovon samSoblo. rogor Se-

iZleba amis Semdeg gvqondes maTi imedi, maSin, rodesac

maT ar undaT iRonon raime TavianTi gaTavisuflebisa-

Tvis? [12] Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam isurva, aSendes

simagre CeCneTisa da mdinare astis maxloblad, magram

aseTi mSenebloba SeuZlebelia, simagris usargeblobis

gamo, radgan Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam mogvaxsena,

rom iq Tqveni yofna ar SeiZleba. ufro metic, am simag-

reSi mcxovrebni TavianT Tavs ver Seinaxaven, radgan im

mxareSi mahmadianebi imyofebian. Tqveno uganaTlebule-

sobav, ifiqreT, SeiZleba ase Soreul simagreSi mcxov-

rebTaTvis mudam saxmeleTo gziT proviantis gagzavna?

amasTan erTad, raTa daculi iqnen mahmadianebisagan sa-

Wiro iqneba masSi Zlieri jaris yofna. am jarisTvis

saWiro iqneba provianti; provintis misazidad ki kvlav

saWiro iqneba jari. imdenad usargeblo iqneboda es sa-

316

qme, rom adamianebs eqnebodaT mudmivad SiSi. [13] xel-

mwife imperatricas survilis Tanaxmad, Tu Seiqmneboda

dasaxleba, maSinac ki, SeuZlebeli iqneboda Tqveni uga-

naTlebulesobis yvela Txovnis dakmayofileba, magram

xelmwife imperatrica Tu gadawyvets Tavis mfarvelo-

baSi miiRos Tqveni uganaTlebulesoba, dagakmayofilos

sakuTar saxelmwifoSi ramdenadac SeiZleba, vidre ufa-

li RmerTi ar miscems raime SemTxvevas, gagiwioT Zli-

eri daxmareba, raTa gaTavisufldes Tqveni qveyana da iq

myofi qristianebi~.

aseTi iyo petre I-isa da ekaterine I-is mTavrobis

realuri politika saqarTvelos mimarT. bevri araferi

Secvlila ori qveynis urTierTdamokidebulebaSi XVIII

saukunis bolomde, rac naTlad gamoCdeba SemdgomSi

ganxiluli istoriuli masalebis mixedviT.

***

davamTavre ra saubari vaxtang VI-is saqarTveloSi

moRvaweobaze, oriode sityva unda iTqvas vaxtang VI-is

`kaTolikobis~ Sesaxeb. amis Taobaze misionerebis saeW-

vo cnobebis garda, sxva raime wyaro ar gagvaCnia. isic

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom ruseTis pirobebSi, rodesac

vaxtang mefe mudmivi TvalTvalis, zedamxedvelobis

qveS da xelmwifis mowyalebiT cxovrobda, kaTolikobi-

sadmi misi midreka SeumCneveli ar darCeboda. vaxtang

mefisaTvis aseTi ram rom SeemCniaT, ruseTis xelisuf-

lebis mxridan mohyveboda arasasurveli reaqcia. sayu-

radReboa p. butkovis cnoba, romlis mixedviT, `mefe va-xtangma, roca 1722 wels sajarod miiRo qristianuli [marTlmadidebluri] sarwmunoeba, kaxeTis batoni kons-tantine, romelic mahmadianuri sarwmunoebisa iyo, gu-

317

liTa da suliT erTgulobda iranelebs..., gaxda vaxtan-gis Seurigebeli mteri~1.

savaraudoa, vaxtangis xelmeored da Tanac saja-

rod `gaqristianeba~ moxda rusebis moTxovniT. saqarT-

veloSi, bunebrivia, aravis mouvidoda azrad eWvi See-

tana vaxtangis marTlmadideblobaSi. miTumetes, rode-

sac cnobili iyo, rom iranis tyveobidan saqarTveloSi

dabrunebuli vaxtang mefe maSinve xelaxla moinaTla,

rogorc amas gadmogvcems frangi avtori2.

vaxtang mefis kaTolikobaze saubris dros ki gasa-

Tvaliswinebelia misi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba evro-

pidan axaldabrunebuli sulxn-sabas mimarT, romelsac

marTlmadidebeli samRvdeloeba aumxedrda, mis mier ka-

Tolikobis aRiarebis gamo.

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 г., ч. 1,

СПБ, 1869, c. 51. 2 Peyssonel Ch. de, Essai sur les troubles actuals de Perse et de Géorgie, Paris,

1754, p. 61.

318

vaxtang VI-is diplomati _

sulxan-saba orbeliani

sulxan-saba orbeliani rogorc diplomati gansa-

kuTrebiT naTlad gamoCda safrangeTsa da romSi. misi

mogzaurobisa da molaparakebebis Sesaxeb dokumentebi

daculia evropis qveynebis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

romelTa gamomzeurebaSi gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba

aqvT m. broses1, m. TamaraSvilis2, d. lengisa3 da i. taba-

Ruas4. TavianT naSromebSi maTve gaanalizes qarTveli

diplomatis molaparakebebi frang da vatikanel poli-

tikosebTan. am sakiTxisadmi interesi ar ganelebula da

kvleva grZeldeba5.

qarTulma werilobiTma Zeglebma Semogvinaxes ram-

denime Zalian mokle cnoba sulxan-saba orbelianis

diplomatiuri misiiT mogzaurobebis Sesaxeb: `qoroni-

1 Brosset M., Dokuments originaux sur les relations diplomtiques de la Géorgie

avec la France vers la fin du régnee de Louis XIV // Nouveau Journal Asi-

atique~. Psris, 1832, t. IX, pp. 205-221, 329-334, 347-357,359-363, 437-441,

451-454. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 311-334. 3 Lang D. M., Georgian RelaTions With France during the reing of Wakhtang

VI (1711-24) // Journal of the Roy Asiatik Society, parts 3 and 4, pp. 114-126,

Oktober, 1950, p. 114-126. 4 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan

(1707 wlis marti _ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I, gv. 126-142, 145-155, 162-164, 174, 180-192, 198-202, 258-267, 275-281, 286, 290-295,

304, 314-361. 5 winamdebare TemisaTvis saintereso werilobiTi wyaroebisa

da naSromebis kritikuli analizi gadmocemuli da miTiTe-

buli iqneba sulxan-saba orbelianis cxovrebasa da diplo-

matiur moRvaweobaze saubrisas.

319

kons Cri, dekembers a xvarasans wavida, _ mefe qai-xosros exmo da Tebervals 20-s gamoistumra mravlis niWiT. mais ia qarTls mivida. qoronikons Crib 23 ispa-ans wavida, mefe vaxtangs gahyva. b noembers gamoabruna. dekembers ocs qarTls mivida. qoronikons CRig, agvist-os iz safrangeTs gaipara~1.

sulxans-saba giorgi XI-is davalebiT imyofeboda

axalcixis safaSoSi; rogorc vaxtang VI-is mrCeveli,

awarmoebda molaparakebas romis papTan; orjer _ 1710,

1712 wlebSi imyofeboda iranSi; diplomatiur molapara-

kebebs awarmoebda safrangeTSi, romSi, garkveul dava-

lebas asrulebda ruseTSi da sxv2.

1 saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aR-

weriloba, Sedgenili da dasabeWdad gamzadebuli elene

metrevelis mier, Tbilisi, 1950, t. IV, #1658 2 gabaSvili v., sulxan-saba orbeliani rogorc diplomati //

sulxan-saba orbeliani. 1658-1958. saibileo krebuli, Tbili-si, 1959, gv. 69-76. saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobaze

XVIII saukunis pirvel aTeulSi: ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-

safrangeTis urTierToba. Tbilisi, 1972; sabuTebi saqarTve-lo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan (1707 wlis marti

_ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I, Sesavali, Targmani da ko-

mentarebi daurTo ilia tabaRuam, Tbilisi, 1975; papaSvili

m., saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba VI_XX ss., Tbilisi, 1995, gv. 247-258; misive, kavkasiaSi kaTolikobis gavrcelebis sa-

kiTxi safrangeTis samefo karze s. s. orbelianis diploma-

tiur molaparakebebSi // Jurn. `saqarTvelo~, 1-2, Tbilisi, 1999, gv. 44-49; misive, ratom gaxda sulxan-saba orbeliani

kaTolike? // Jurn. `saba~, 7, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 5-7; misive, ra

mizniT miiRo sulxan-saba orbelianma kaTolikoba? // eqv-

Time TayaiSvilis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili samecniero sesia,

Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 48-52; misive, madmuazel mari peti lui

XIV-is TviTmarqvia elCi iranSi da misi stumroba saqarTve-

320

sulxa-sabas cxovrebis sxvadasxva drois epizo-

debidan Cans, rom is avtoritetuli diplomati iyo. igi

Tavis niWsa da gamocdilebas erTgulad axmarda jer

giorgi XI-s, Semdeg ki bolomde daixarja Tavis say-

vareli da saamyo mefis, vaxtang VI-is samsaxurSi. ratom `gaipara~ sulxan-saba evropaSi?

`qoronikonsa Crig, agvistos iz

(sulxan-saba) safrangeTs gaipara~.

qronikidan citirebul am erT winadadebaSi aisaxa

XVIII saukunis pirvel oceulis qarTlis samefoSi arse-

buli politikuri viTareba. sulxan-saba orbelianis

Tanamedrove qronistis cnobaze dayrdnobiT vcadoT

gavarkvioT ratom `gaipara~ es Rvawlmosili saeklesio

da sazogado moRvawe, mecnieri da mwerali, politikosi

da diplomati dasavleT evropaSi, tyveobidan vaxtang

VI-is dasaxsnelad mokavSiris moZiebis mizniT. qarTlis

samefos evropasTan kavSiris damyarebis mcdelobi-

saTvis mosalodneli iyo iranisa da osmaleTis uaryo-

fiTi reaqcia, rogorc sulxan-sabas ise patimrobaSi

myofi misi mefis mimarT. magram aRmoCnda, rom ufro

saSiSi iyo qarTlis samefoSi arsebuli viTareba. ami-

tom sulxan-sabam, raTa vaxtangis sicocxles xifaTi ar

damuqreboda da TviTonac daubrkoleblad gamgzavrebu-

liyo evropaSi, saWirod CaTvala moexdina evropaSi

gaparvis inscenireba.

XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedis qarTlis samefos saga-

reo politikuri urTierTobis gansakuTrebuli mniS-

loSi // Tsu zugdidis filiali, Sromebi, I, Tbilisi, 2002,

gv. 85-98.

321

vnelobis movlenad iTvleba sulxan-saba orbelianis

elCoba evropaSi, romelic mkvlevarTa yuradRebas ipy-

robda da ipyrobs.

vidre uSualod saTaurSi dasmul kiTxvas vupasu-

xebde, manamde aucileblad unda iTqvas sulxan-sabas

mier kaTolikeTa sarwmunoebis aRiarebis drosa da mi-

zezebze. am sakiTxis win wamoweva im aucileblobiT

aris gamowveuli, rom maSin evropaSi politikuri

miznebiT mogzaurobac ki, iqidan daxmarebis miRebaze

rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, winaswar kaTolikobis miRebis

gare-Se, TiTqos uazroba iyo. rogorc Cans, qarTveli

politikuri moRvaweebis zogierTi warmomadgeneli, wi-

namorbedTa gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, kaTolikobis

aRiarebiT amzadebda niadags romTan da sxva kaToli-

kur saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis dasawyebad. winamde-

bare naSromSi, rodesac sulxan-sabas winamorbed im qa-

rTvel diplomatebze vsaubrobdiT, vinc evropaSi mo-

kavSiris mosapoveblad imogzaures, maT mxolod romSi

moTxovnis Semdeg, moCvenebiT, aRiares kaTolikuri

sarwmunoeba. vnaxoT rogor viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme

sulxan-saba orbelianTan mimarTebaSi.

saTaurSi dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad yura-

dReba unda gamaxvildes ramdenime momentze:

sulxan-sabas mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis sakiTxisaTvis

sulxan-saba, erT-erTi udidesi qarTveli sazogado

moRvawe, mecnieri da diplomati, dReisaTvis miRebuli

mosazrebis mixedviT, evropaSi gamgzavrebamde karga

xniT adre gaxda kaTolike. misi prozelitobis TariRad

m. TamaraSvili jer 1687 wels Tvlida. mas sabuTad moh-

yavda justino da livornos imave wliT daTariRebuli

322

werili, romelSic axlad gakaTolikebul qarTvelTa

Soris dasaxelebulia ministris Svili sulxani. `bato-

ni sulxani (Sulchan), didi kanCilieris (gran Cancillieri)1

Svili, mTavris RviZli biZaSvili2 kapelaniarTa (Capell-

aniarti)3qarTvel didebulTa gvareulobidan. man uRirse-ulesad warmoadgina Tavi qristianuli moZRvrebis codnaSi, romlis mixedviT TviT me Sevadgine kiTxvari, moinaTla imave wlis 25 agvistos~4. m. TamaraSvilma igi

sulxan-saba orbelianad miiCnia5. SemdegSi man Seicvala

azri da sulxan-sabas gakaTolikebis TariRad 1701 weli

gamoacxada. man sulxan-sabas mier kaTolikobis miRebiT

1 es aris Tanamedrove italiurSi sityva-„cancelliere”, rac

niSnavs mdivans. udavoa, am SemTxvevaSi moxelis aRmniSv-

neli es termini _ „didi mdivani“ gamoyenebulia XVII-XVIII

ss. saqarTveloSi arsebuli „mdivanbegis“ („ufrosi mosa-

marTle“, „msajulTuxucesi“) mniSvnelobiT. aqedan gamomdi-

nare, sulxani iyo qarTlis samefos mdivanbegis anu msa-

julTuxucesis Svili. es ki imas niSnavs, rom sulxani

identificirdeba did sulxan-saba orbelianTan, romelic

iyo mdivanbeg vaxtang yaflanis Ze orbelianis Svili da

dedis mxridan ki, qarTlis mefe giorgi XI-is biZaSvili. 2 qarTlis mefe giorgi XI. 3 „yaflanianTa“, e.i. yaflaniSvilTa, igive orbelianTa cno-

bili sagvareulo. 4 Archivio della Sacra Congregazione per l’Evangelizzazione dei Popoli,

Georgia, vol .31, ff.392r-394r. saqarTvelos misionis vice-prefeqt-is justino da livornos mier 1687 wlis 1 noembers wm.

kongregacia `de propaganda fides~ maRali sasuliero pire-

bisadmi Tbilisidan gagzavnili werili // evropuli wyaro-

ebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis ukanaskneli meoT-

xedi), gv. 155. 5 citirebuli teqstis gansxvavebuli gageba ix. TamaraSvili m.,

istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 262.

323

axsna is, rom man, berad Sedgomis win, Tavisi ùzarma-zari adgil-mamulebi dautova Zmebs, colsac ki gaSor-da da beraT Sedga wminda basilis wesiT1, romelic ma-Sin gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTveloSi~2. marTalia m. Ta-

maraSvilma ar miuTiTa, Tu ras eyrdnoboda, roca sabas

gakaTolikebis drod 1701 wels asaxelebda, magram unda

vifiqroT, rom mas mxedvelobaSi hqonda qarTveli dip-

lomatis mier 1714 wlis 24 ivliss `propaganda fides~

kardinal–prefeqtis sakripantisaTvis wardgenili mox-

seneba, romelic daculia saqarTvelos xelnawerTa er-

ovnuli centris m. TamaraSvilis arqivSi. es dokumenti

moiZia m. papaSvilma da aRniSna, rom ùtyuari dokumen-

tiT mtkicdeba~, rom saba gakaTolikda 1701 wels3.

1701 wels sulxan-sabas gakaTolikobis sakiTxs m.

papaSvilma specialuri statia miuZRvna. ekamaTeba ra

maT (maT Soris mec), vinc 1713 wels miiCneven sabas

1 basilianTa ordenis fuZemdebeli iyo berZeni saeklesio mo-

Rvawe basili didi kesarieli (330-379). ordeni daarsda 1579

w. 1 noembers. basilianelTa laTinur bermonazvnur orde-

nad misi gardaqmna moxda XVII saukunidan da miiRo uniatu-ri xasiaTi. basilianelTa ordenis wevri TiTqmis yvelafer-

Si icavda marTlmadidebluri eklesiis principebs. reli-

giur saidumloebasa da marxvis dacvaSi mTlianad eyrdno-boda aRmosavluri eklesiis wesdebasa da tradiciebs. kaTo-

likuri iyo mxolod ori ram: ordenis wevrs unda eRi-

arebina romis papis uzenaesoba da sarwmunoebis simboloze

daematebina, rom suli wminda gamodis ara mxolod mamisa-gan, aramed Zisganac.

2 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesiis istoria dasabamidan

dRemde, gv. 646. 3 papaSvili m., kidev erTxel, Tu ratom miiRo sulxan-saba

orbelianma kaTolikoba, Jurn. `saistorio vertikalebi~,

#18, Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 30.

324

gakaTolikebis drod, wers: `vfiqrobT, es ar aris safu-Zvliani argumenti imisaTvis, rom vamtkicoT, sabam 1713 wels miiRo kaTolikoba. ufro metic: safrangeTsa da romSi diplomatiuri misiiT gamgzavrebis win sulxan-saba kaTolikobas oficialurad ver aRiarebda, radgan saqarTveloSi iranofilur partias, ese igi vaxtang VI-is mowinaaRmdegeebs misi politikuri mosazrebiT aRWurvil elCobaSi eWvi ar SeetanaT~1. ibadeba kiTxva,

sulxan-sabam Tu 1713 welsac ki oficialurad ver

aRiara kaTolikoba, maSin 1701 wels rogor miiRo man es

aRmsarebloba? sxvaTa Soris, adre mkvlevarma aseTive

warmatebiT gaiziara sulxan-sabas mier naTqvamis mixed-

viT, romSi daweril moxsenebaSi dasaxelebuli Tavis

gakaTolikebis TariRi 1692 weli2.

is, rom zogierTi qarTveli politikosi saidum-

lod, yvelasgan dafarulad aRiarebda kaTolikobas da

ras niSnavda amgvari moqmedeba, amaze vrclad SevCer-

debi qvemoT.

gakvirvebas iwvevs is garemoeba, rom m. TamaraS-

vilma yuradReba ar miaqcia Tavis mier gamoqveynebul

erT moxsenebiT baraTSi miTiTebul TariRs, romelic

Sedgenilia sabas monaTxrobis mixedviT. masSi naTqvamia:

`rogorc Cans, sulxan-sabas saqarTveloSi gavlena aqvs xalxsa da mefis sasaxleze. egreTve etyoba, rom didi sasoeba aqvs kaTolike sarwmunoebisa da unda miaRebi-nos es sarwmunoeba Tavisi qveynis mTel ers, romelic romisagan ganyriliao. TviTon 22 weliwadia, rac kaTo-likoba miiRo da Semdgom gaxda monazoni, raTa ufro Tavisuflad iRvawos SeerTebisaTvis, amitomac im siSo-

1 iqve. 2 papaSvili m., saqarTvelo-romis urTierToba (VI-XXss.), gv.

247.

325

ridan movida safrangeTs...~1 am `moxsenebaze~ dayrdnob-iT g. leoniZem SesaZleblad CaTvala, rom sulxan-sa-

bam 1687 wels mxolod simpaTia gamoamJRavna kaTo-

likobis mimarT da aRniSna, rom `misionerma es ambavi gadaWarbebiT aCvena roms, rogorc nayofi misi gul-modginebisa. aseT xerxs Tbiliseli misionerebi xSirad mimarTavdnen xolme Tavisi moRvaweobis gasamarTleb-lad saqarTveloSi~2. g. leoniZes miaCnda, rom 1692

wlidan, evropaSi gamgzavrebamde, sulxan-saba mxolod

`nominaluri kaTolike~ iyo da mxolod farulad aRi-

arebda kaTolikobs3.

aRniSnuli wlidan sulxan-sabas kaTolikobas, Tu-

ndac nominalurad, saeWvos xdis is garemoeba, rom igi

1698 wels berad aRikveca daviT garejis ioane naT-

lismcemlis monasterSi. mxolod gakvirvebis gamoxatva

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 323. es dokumenti i. tabaRuas unaxavs safrangeTis saga-

reo saqmeTa saministros arqivSi. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-

safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 139. mkvlevari ar uTiTebs moxsenebiTi baraTis pirvel gamomqve-

ynebel m. TamaraSvilze da arc g. leoniZeze, romelmac swo-

red am dokumentze dayrdnobiT sulxan-sabas gakaTolikebis

drod 1692 weli miiCnia. leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani // sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I. gamosacemad moam-

zades s. yubaneiSvilma da r. baramiZem, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 390. 2 sulxan-saba orbeliani, sibrZne sicruisa, Tbilisi, 1957, gv.

XIX; sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 390. g. leon-

iZis mosazreba sabas mier 1687 wels kaTolikobis mimarT

mxolod simpaTiis gamoxatvis Sesaxeb, Semdeg gaiziares k.

kekeliZem, al. baramiZem, i. tabaRuam, iv, lolaSvilma, r. ba-

ramiZem, m. papaSvilma. 3 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani // sulxan-saba orbeli-

ani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 390.

326

SeiZleba imis gamo, rom Tundac kaTolikobis saidum-

lod maRiarebeli sulxan-saba marTlmadidebluri mona-

stris beri gaxda. amas garda, ibadeba kiTxva: ra mniSv-

neloba hqonda kaTolikuri eklesiis mesveurTaTvis su-

lxan-sabas mier kaTolikobis aRiarebas Cumad, saidum-

lod, Tu am pativcemuli da avtoritetuli adamianis

amgvari nabiji sayovelTaod cnobili da misabaZi ar

gaxdeboda marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebisaTvis. ra Tqma

unda, sulxan-sabam yvelaze kargad icoda mis mier kaT-

olikobis aRiarebas rogori reaqcia mohyveboda, rog-

orc marTlmadidebeli saeklesio ierarqebis, ise saero

xelisufalTa mxridan, miT umetes gaugebari ar dar-

Ceboda mis mier Tavisi mravalricxovani naTesavebis ga-

kaTolikeba, rac misi mxridan uaRresad daufiqrebeli

moqmedeba iqneboda.

wyaroebi sulxan-sabas religiuri orientaciis Sesaxeb

sulxan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebamde mis religi-

ur orientaciaze garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis misi

Txzulebebi _ `samoTxis kari~ da `mogzauroba eropa-

Si~. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa `samoTxis ka-

ris~ meore redaqcia (sul arsebobs oTxi redaqcia).

pirveli redaqcia dawerilia 1701 wels da hqvia `saqris-

tiano moZRvreba pirveli saswavlo yrmaTaTvis~ anu `sa-

moTxis kari~. pirvel redaqciaSi ar SeimCneva sulxan-

sabas kaTolikobisaken midreka. isic mniSvnelovania,

rom Txzuleba dawerilia daviT garejis ioane naTlis-

mcemlis monasterSi berobaSi yofnis dros. avtoris

aseTi mdgomareoba (marTlmadideblur monasterSi be-

rad yofna), TavisTavad gamoricxavs mis kaTolikobas an

misadmi midrekas.

327

gansakuTrebul interess imsaxurebs `samoTxis kar-

is~ meore redaqcia, romelic, rogorc iv. lolaSvili

aRniSnavda, Seadgens sxvadasxva dros daweril Txzu-

lebaTa krebuls. masSi Setanilia iseTi masala, romel-

ic sulxan-sabas dasWirdeboda evropaSi mogzaurobis

dros kaTolikuri eklesiis mesveurebTan da, saerTod,

kaTolikebTan urTierTobis dros. igi gadawerili unda

iyos saqarTveloSi, evropaSi gamgzavrebis win, 1713

wels. mkvlevrebs miaCniaT, rom saba masSi amJRavnebs ka-

Tolikuri sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebas: aRiarebs ro-

mis papis primatsa da marTlmadideblebisaTvis aseve mi-

uRebel dogmas _ `mama uSobel ars, xolo Ze mamisagan Sobil da suli wmida mamisagan da Zisagan gamosuli~1. albaT, saWiroa imis aRniSvna, rom `samoTxis karis~

meore redaqcia moTavsebulia ubis wignakSi, romelSic

aseve Tavmoyrilia iseTi masala, romelic sulxan-sabas

gamoadgeboda evropaSi mogzaurobis dros2. igi emzade-

boda mkacri gamocdisaTvis. magram sxvadasxva garemo-

ebaTa gamo eWvi Cndeba, rom `samoTxis karis~, rogorc

originaluri nawarmoebis avtori iyos sulxan-saba. ase-

Ti eWvi pirvelad gamosTqva p. umikaSvilma 1887 wels.

man `samoTxis karis~ xelnawerze miawera: ès samoTxis kari aris romis kaTolikeTa katexizmo, romelsac uwo-deben saqristiano moZRvrebas (xalxSi `vin dagbadas~). iqneba es iyos naTargmni anu gadmokeTebuli italianur an somxur kaTolikeTa katexizmosi? 1887 w. petre umika-Svili~. sxvaTa Soris, petre umikaSvilma ufro adre,

1875 wels, xelnaweridan amoxeuli furclebis gamo

1 lolaSvili iv., sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlani~ da `sa-

moTxis kari~ // sulxan-saba orbeliani 1658-1958. saiubileo

krebuli, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 146-147. 2 iqve, gv. 146.

328

imave xelnawerze gakeTebul sxva SeniSvnaSi aseve eWvi

gamosTqva, rom aq mrwamsis ganmarteba iseTi iyo, ro-

goric romis kaTolikur eklesias hqonda da amitom

amouxeviaTo1.

***

`samoTxis karis~, rogorc sabas originaluri

Txzulebisadmi skepticizms aZlierebs patri justino

da livornos mier 1687 wels Tbilisidan romSi gagzav-

nil werilSi naTqvami, `man uRirseulesad warmoadgina

Tavi qristianuli moZRvrebis codnaSi, romlis mixed-

viT TviT me Sevadgine kiTxvari, moinaTla imave wlis 25

agvistos~. amonarididan, ra Tqma unda ar Cnas, rom

sulxan-sabam moaxdina justinos mier qarTulad naTar-

gmni `saqristiano moZRvrebis~ redaqtireba2, magram

imis varaudi ki SeiZleba, rom sulxan-saba da justino

katexizmosTan dakavSirebiT TanamSromlobdnen. radgan

dasaxelebuli Txzuleba mikvleuli ar aris, àraa gamoricxuli, rom `samoTxis karis~ saxiT saqme gvqon-des romelime Cveulebrivi dasavlurqristianuli katex-izmos... qarTul TargmanTan~3.

sxvaTa Soris, jer kidev XVII s. 60-iani wlebis pi-

rvel naxevarSi TbilisSi patr serafinos ganzraxuli

hqonda kapucineli patrebisaTvis Seedgina saxelmZRvane-

1 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, 341. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 262-263.

3 RaRaniZe m., `samoTxis karis~ redaqciaTa gamo // II saerTa-

Soriso simpoziumi. literaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove prob-

lemebi. Tematuri samecniero konferencia. sulxan-saba orbe-

liani da qarTuli evropeizmi. literatura, kultura, cno-

biereba (masalebi), Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 145.

329

lo, romelSic gadmocemuli iqneboda `Svid saidumloe-baTa Sesaxeb~ da iqve aRiniSneboda qarTvelTa cdomi-

lebani. am naSromis romSi gagzavna da gamoqveyneba ma-

Sinac hqondaT ganzraxuli1. 1671 wlisaTvis TbilisSi

ukve arsebula iq moRvawe erT-erTi patris mier qarTu-

lad Targmnili roberto belarminos qristianuli doq-

trinis mokle gadmocema _ katexizmo, gamoqveynebuli

1597 wels2. patrebs ganuzraxavT katexizmos qarTuli

Targmani romSi gamoeqveynebinaT beWduri saxiT3. Targ-

mani Seusrulebia patr franCeske piemonTels. amas vig-

ebT propaganda fides 1672 wlis 14 martiT daTariRe-

bul werilidan, romelic dasaxelebul patrs gamoug-

zavnes. propaganda fide patrs Txovda, rom man `Tavisi qarTulad naTargmni kaTexizmo saCqarod gagzavnos romSi dasabeWdaT~4. Znelia imis Tqma patrma franCeske

piemonTelma yurad ar iRo Txovna Tu sxva ram moxda,

magram cxadia, rom axla ukve Tbilisis misionis ufr-

oss romidan Txoven, `rom qarTulad naTargmni kaTexi-zmo Seasworos da gaugzavnos roms dasabeWdaT~5. iseTi

STabeWdileba mrCeba, rom kaTexizmos qarTuli Targma-


gv. 225. 2 petrozoli p., qristianobis leqsikoni // sulxan-saba orbe-

lianis universitetis gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 152. ro-gorc Cans, saqarTveloSi moRvawe misionerebi swored be-

larminos kaTexizmoTi sargeblobdnen. rogori didi mniSv-

neloba hqonda misionerebis mier samoRvaweo qveynis mkvidri mosaxleobis enis codnas da mis gareSe, rom raime serizu-

li Sedegi ver miiRweoda, sayovelTaodaa cnobili. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 237, 241. 4 iqve, gv. 242. 5 iqve gv. 243.

330

ni romSi gaagzavnes, sadac Targmnis sizustesa da xari-

sxSi eWvi Seitanes, magram iq qarTulis mcodne ar

hyavdaT da naSromi isev TbilisSi daabrunes. radgan am

samuSaos Sesruleba patrebis Zalas aRemateboda, alb-

aT, amitom SemdegSi, maT sulxan-saba orbelians Txoves

daxmareba da mas gaakeTebines redaqtoroba. rogorc

Cans, patrebma TavianTi ganzraxva, beWdurad gamoecaT

zemoaRniSnuli katexizmos qarTuli Targmani, ver gana-

xorcieles. amaze migvaniSnebs XVII s. 70-iani wlebis

meore naxevarSi propagandaSi wardgenili anonimuri

werilis erTi fraza: `xelTnaweri saqristiano moZRvre-ba mTel saqarTveloSi movfineT~-o1.

safiqralia, franCeske piemonTelis mier Targmni-

li kaTexizmo ar Seesabameboda moTxovnas da belarmi-

nos naSromi xelaxla uTargmnia patr bernardes. misi

naSromi daibeWda romSi 1681 wels. wignis saTauri iyo

`q. saqristiano moZRvreba simovlebiT darigebuli kar-dinal belarminosagan da gadmoTargmnili patri ber-nardo mariamisagan neapolelisa kapuCini da mqadagebe-li da mRrTis metyveli italianuris enisagan mxedru-li qarTulis eniTa. q. ks. C. q. p. a. (1681 w.)~2. gamoqveyne-bamde wignis redaqtireba-recenzireba mouxdeniaT mrava-

li enis mcodne qarTvel kaTolikes, enibeganT zalinas

da saqarTvelodan romSi dabrunebul patr ioseb anton

romaels3. aseTive kaTexizisi laTinuridan qarTulad

uTargmnia romis kolegiaSi aRzrdil gorel daviT tu-

lukaSvils4.

1 iqve, gv. 251. 2 iqve, gv. 255. 3 iqve, gv. 255-256. 4 Dottrina Christiana per uso missioni della Georgia da David Tlukaanti gior-

giano... per il commune e spirituale profito dei cattolici della medesima na-

331

ar gvaqvs safuZveli, rom dasaxelebuli wignis

beWdurad gamoqveynebaSi eWvi SevitanoT, magram sakiT-

xavia, rogori iyo wignis tiraJi da moaRwia Tu ara man

saqarTvelomde. is xom saqarTveloSi moRvawe patrebs

marTlmadidebel qarTvelebTan saurTierTobod da kaT-

olikuri propagandis saxelmZRvanelod esaWiroebodaT.

savaraudoa, sulxan-sabamac `samoTxis kari~ qarTveli

marTlmadideblebisaTvis kaTolikuri dogmebis gacno-

bisaTvis, magram ara am aRmsareblobis propagandisaTv-

is Seadgina.F

***

saeWvod mimaCnia, rom sulxan-sabas mier 1709 wlis

15 agvistos papTan gagzavnil weriliT1 TiTqos dgin-

deba, rom igi XVII s. 80-90-ian wlebSi ukve kaTolikobis

aRmsarebeli iyo. iv. lolaSvilis TqmiT, àm werilidan irkveva, rom saba orbeliani miiCnevda romis paps, ro-gorc amqveynad qristes mier dadgenil mwyemss, petre mociqulis mosaydresa da `wmidaTa uaRressa~, romel-

sac Tavisi da meuRlis codvaTaTvis locvasa da Sen-

tione, Roma, 1741. a. xaxanaSvils unaxavs dokumenti, romelSic dasaxelebuli iyo 1633-1753 wlebSi romSi ganaTlebamiRebu-

li 27 qarTveli. mecnieri mxolo xuTi maTganis (andria me-greli, mixeil anjeli, solomon qarTveli, juzepe abesa-

lomiani qarTveli da ioane) Sesaxeb gvawvdis mcire cnobebs.

Хаханов А. С., Ест ли грузино-католики? (Вопрос и ответ г. Саруха-

нову), с. 169-170. 1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 312.

332

dobas Txovs. es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom saba ukve

kaTolike iyo1.

zemoT ganxiluli masalebidan da maTze sxvadasxva

mkvlevaris mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebidan gamomdi-

nare, SeiZleba iTqvas: sxvadasxva mkvlevari sabas mier

kaTolikobis miRebis oTx sxvadasxva TariRs (1687, 1692,

1701, 1713 wlebi) uWers mxars da sayuradRebo, angariSga-

sawev argumentebsac iSvelieben. pirveli sami TariRis

mowmoba sabas gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb, vfiqrob, gviCvene-

bs qarTveli diplomatis diplomatiur svlebs (diplo-

matiur TamaSs) qveynis SigniT da, imave dros, satyuaras

saqarTveloSi moRvawe patrebisa, am ukanasknelTa saSu-

alebiT ki, maTi patronebisaTvis romSi. saba cdilobs

daarwmunos isini kaTolikobis mimarT Tavis ara mxo-

lod loialobaSi, ufro meti, mis mier am sarwmunoebis

saidumlod aRiarebaSic. amasTan erTad isic gasaTva-

liswinebelia, rom kaTolike misionerebic, Tavis mxriv

cdilobdnen TavianT damsaxurebad gamoecxadebinaT di-

di qarTveli moRvawis kaTolikobze moqceva da amiT

TavianTi saqmianobisaTvis meti mniSvneloba mieniWebinaT.

rac Seexeba meoTxe TariRs _ 1713 wels, es aris sulxan-

sabas mkacri realobis winaSe dadgomis dro, rodesac

raime orWofobis gamomJRavneba kaTolikobTan mimarTebaSi,

diplomatisaTvis miutevebeli Secdoma iqneboda. amitom,

Cemi azriT, yvela dasaxelebul TariRidan upiratesoba

SeiZleba mieniWos 1713 wels _ rogorc sulxan-saba

orbelianis mier ara mxolod patrebis mimarT, aramed

kaTolikobisadmisac keTilganwyobis gamovlenis wels. es

is welia, rodesac sulxan-saba dasavleT evropaSi miem-

gzavreba mniSvnelovani misiis Sesasruleblad.

1 lolaSvili iv., sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlani~ da `sa-

moTxis kari~, gv. 147-148.

333

kaTolikobisadmi zogadi damokidebuleba sulxansabamdel saqarTveloSi

sulxan-saba Zalian kargad icnobda Tavisi qveynis

savalalo politikur mdgomareobas, mis gamomwvev mize-

zebs. mas garkveuli warmodgena hqonda evropis centra-

lizebuli kaTolikuri qveynebis Sesaxeb, romelTa sul-

ier meTaurad romis papi gamodioda. amitom ìm qveynis Svili, sadac eklesiis saxe politikur viTarebas asa-xavs, sadac saeklesio ierarqia ver akontrolebs mdgo-mareobas, sadac arc erobaSi, arc eklesiaSi ar arse-bobs Zlieri xeli, ra gasakviria, rom gadaixaros papo-bis Seuvali da Seumcdari avtoritetis aRiarebamde... sabas gadaxra, SesaZlebelia, isev da isev tradiciuli politikuri mizeziT avxsnaT. SesaZloa, am sferoSi da am azriT xedavda saba WeSmaritebas romis eklesiaSi. da raki dainaxa, misdami rwmenac gulwrfeli iqneboda~1. magram sulxan-sabas mier kaTolkobis aRiarebasTan da-

kavSirebuli dReisaTvis cnobili dokumentebi, am sa-

kiTxis sxvagvarad gaanalizebisa da daskvnis gamota-

nisaken migvaniSnebs.

sulxan-saba Tavis diplomatiur TamaSSi srulia-

dac ar iyo originaluri. qarTvelma politikosebma da

diplomatebma, didi xnis winaT (gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad

gamoCnda nikifore irbaxis evropaSi mogzaurobis droi-

dan) SeimuSaves romis papebTan saurTierTobo ena, rome-

lic ufro politikuri iyo, vidre kaTolikobisa da

romis papisadmi namdvili damokidebulebis gamomxatve-

li. magram sxva qarTveli politikosebisagan gansxvave-

1 kiknaZe z., kvlav dabrunebis Tu gadasvlis Taobaze. pasuxi

merab RaRaniZes // `dialogi~. aRmosavlur-dasavluri qris-

tianuli Jurnali, #1 (2), Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 19.

334

biT mxolod sulxan-saba aRmoCnda mkacri realobis wi-

naSe, rodesac mas ukan daxeva aRar SeeZlo da kaToli-

kobisadmi loialuri damokidebuleba unda gaemJRavnebi-

na, magram isic mxolod marTlmadidebel TanamoZmeTa

saidumlod. amgvari praqtika saqarTveloSi ukve didi

xnisa iyo. gavixseneb ramdenime magaliTs.

jer movusminoT svimon I-s, romelic mimarTavs

`yovlad maRals, didad bedniers, yovlad wmida da ne-

tars Cvens batons, Cvens wmida mamas papas, romelic xarT oqros naRara didis romisa, RvTis mier Cagone-buli orRano, petreo msajulo da zecis sufevis kli-teTa mqonebelo, pavleo naTesavTa moZRvaro, romelic amaRlda mesame camde da moismina kacTagan gamouTqmeli sityvani; mqadago yovlisa qveynisa, mnaTobo eklesiaTa... mflobelo kaTolike eklesiisa, mmarTvelo didisa da ganTqmulisa romisa, mzeo mTelis dasavleTis manaTe-belo, udideso mTavaro, romis papo...~1. papis mimarT am-

gvari maRalfardovani epiTetebis miuxedavad, svimon me-

fes arasodes ar uRiarebia kaTolikoba. is kaTolikuri

samyaros sulieri meTauris gulis mogebas da misi meo-

xebiT evropis mefe-mTavrebis mxardaWeris mopovebas

cdilobda.

1626 wlis 20 noembers Teimuraz I pap urban VIII-s

mimarTavs: `Tqven xarT yvelaze udidesi da umetesad amaRlebuli mwyemsi... ridiTa da misalmebiT vemTxveviT Tqvens mociqulebriv ferxTa... viTxov Tqvengan kurTxe-vas da codvebis Sendobas, radgan Tqven xarT sveti sarwmunoebisa, mTavari mTeli qveynisa da upirvelesi saydari yovelTa...Tqveni uwmindesobis locva-kurTxeviT miviReT mefoba... mxolod Tqveni qveSevrdomni varT, rac gnebavsT, gvibrZaneT da yvelafers aRvasrulebT. rogo-

1 iqve, gv 76

335

raTac RmerTi mamaa yvela arsTa, msgavsaTve Tqvenc xarT mama yovelTa morwmuneTa~. es werilSi iyo naT-

qvami, magram realur cxovrebaSi Teimuraz mefe kaTo-

likuri propagandis warmatebisaTvis arafers akeTebda,

miT umetes igi Sors iyo am rwmenis aRiarebisagan. kaT-

olike damkvirveblebi, garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi

viTom cdilobdnen qarTveli marTlmadidebeli mefis

amgvari moqmedebis axsnas. bartolomeo fero werda:

`maSin am Zalian frTxilma mefem ifiqra, rom usiamovne-bis Tavidan asacileblad ajobebda yvelaferi malu-lad gaekeTebina. amitom romauli rwmenis msaxurebas saidumlod aRasrulebda da aseve farulad gamoacxada Tavi romis eklesiis morCilad. amgvarad, Tavisi mfar-velobiT xels uwyobda sakuTar samefoSi myofi roma-eli kaTolikebis ordenis ganviTarebas manam, sanam xa-lxi bolomde Seisisxlxorcebda am rwmenis dogmebs da SeZlebda meti gonivruli sifrTxiliT saxalxod qada-gebas~1.

m. TamaraSvili mis xelT arsebuli Teimurazisa da

papis mimoweris amsaxveli dokumentebis Sefasebisas,

werda: `mefe Zlier yoymanobda da saxalxod ver aRia-rebda am sarwmunoebas (kaTolikobas _ e.m.), radgan eSinoda ajanyebis safuZveli ar mieca Tavisi didebu-lebisaTvis, romelTagan zogierTi amboxebis sababs eZe-bda. garda amisa, berZeni berebi xalxSi aTasgvar Wors avrcelebdnen laTinTa da romauli eklesiis winaaR-mdeg. amitom mefem ver gadawyvita es saqme da ufro Se-saferisi droisaTvis gadasdo. varaudoben, rom TviTon am rwmenas farulad iziarebda~2.

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv.

566, Sen. 2. 2 iqve. gv. 566. xazgasma Cemia.

336

miuxedavad imisa rac m. TamaraSvilisaTvis cnobi-

li iyo Teimuraz mefis kaTolikobisadmi damokide-

buleba, 1626 wlis 20 noembris zemoT citirebuli weri-

lis mixedviT mainc daaskvnida: àm weriliT mefe aRiar-ebs Taviss sarwmunoebas, paps qristianebis mamad da mTavrad scnobs da hpirdeba yvela nair morCilebas da pativs~1. ucnauria amgvari daskvnis gamotana, maSin, ro-desac m. TamaraSvilma kargad icoda, rac upasuxa Tei-

muraz mefes papma, romelic qarTveli mefis maRalfar-

dovani sityvebis miRma realurs verafers xedavda. paps

ar akmayofilebda Teimurazis mier viTomdac saidum-

lod da marto kaTolikobis aRiareba da moiTxovda

qarTvel mefes saqveynod, daufaravad gamoecxadebina

Tavisi erTguleba papisa da kaTolikobis mimarT. isic

sainteresoa, rom, roca saqme saqmeze midga, Teimurazma

saerTod uaryo papTan gagzavnili werilebis avtoroba2.

aranakleb mosaferebeli werilebi gaugzavna vax-

tang V Sahnavazma paps. gamorCeulad saxotbo da imave

dros miniSnebebiT aRsavsea misi 1675 wlis werili pap

klemente X-sadmi: `mogikiTxav siyvaruliTa da gaqeb sa-xelis didebiT Tqven aRmaRlebulo da yovelTa ciski-deTa queSTa saCino mnaTobo elvareo, mwyemsad cxvarTa pirmetyvelTa gamorCeulo da qristes mcnebisa qadage-bad gamoCenilo, maRlisa da aRmatebulisa samociqulo saydarsa gamorCeviT da usasyidlos dadginebulo, pet-re mociqulisa taxtis mWirvelo da cxvarTa misTa dam-cvelo da kldeo simtkicisao...~ amis Semdeg Sahnavazi paps Seaxsenebs ra sikeTe uqnia mas saqarTveloSi moR-


gv. 95. 2 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika diplo-

matia, II, gv. 282-283.

337

vawe patrebisaTvis, romlebic papis `saxelisa da sike-TisaTvis~ Seuwynarebia. magram, rogorc zemoT iTqva,

Sahnavazi, imave dros, romis papsa da kapucinebis meTa-

urs afrTxilebs, Tu misionerebs finansiurad ar daex-

marebiT `da aras naRvlobT, Cvenc ar davayenebT, say-dars isev davaqcevT da amaT gamovyriT~1. amis Semdeg, vfiqrob, ar SeiZleba laparaki Sahnavazis kaTolikobi-

sadmi midrekaze. aRar movixmob amonaridebs giorgi XI-

is, eqvTime arqiepiskoposis, vaxtang VI-is, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos kaTalikosis nikoloz X-isa da solomon

I-is papebisaTvis gagzavnili werilebidan. am werilebSi

avtorebis religiuri mrwamsis danaxva SeuZlebelia.

isini politikosebis mier politikuri mizniT SeTxzu-

li werilebia.

vfiqrob, zemoxsenebul 1707 wlis werilSi Cans Sors-

mWvreteli politikosisa da diplomatis sulxan-saba

orbelianis zrunva iqonios kontaqti romis papTan da

misi saxiT ganaTlebul, mowinave evropasTan. mas auci-

leblad sWirdeboda patrebis mxardaWera, romlebic

SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen papTan da kaTolikur saxel-

mwifoebTan dakavSirebis saSualeba. romSi gagzavnil

werilebsa Tu moxsenebebSi maT unda SeeqmnaT sabas, ka-

Tolikobis erTguli adamianis portreti, rasac qarTve-

lma diplomatma warmatebiT miaRwia kidec. magram yove-

live, rac mis kaTolikobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli, gasa-

idumloebuli unda yofiliyo. amiTic, sxva mizezebTan

erTad, gapirobebuli iyo misi gaparvis inscenireba. ar

gamovricxav, rom sabas mier basilianobis formaluri

aRiareba saqarTveloSi ar iyo SeTanxmebnuli mis saTa-

yvanebel vaxtang mefesTanac ki da, am ukanasknelma,

mxolod mas Semdeg Seityo Aamis Sesaxeb, roca saba saq-

1 iqve, gv. 228-229, 246-247.

338

arTvelos sazRvrebs gascda. albaT, amiTic iyo ganpi-

robebuli vaxtangis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba evropi-

dan axaldabrunebuli sabasadmi.

sulxan-sabas damokidebuleba kaTolikebTan misive monaTxrobis mixedviT

SemTxveviTi ar iyo sabas, am gamobrZmedili dip-

lomatis mier basilianTa ordenis wevris saxiT wasvla

evropaSi. is erTsa da imave dros marTlmadidebeladac

rCeboda da kaTolikec xdeboda. amgvari rwmenis mimarT

dasavleTSi, aRmosavleTisagan gansxvavebiT, Semwynareb-

ლobas iCendnen. basilianobis miRebas praqtikuli mniS-

vnelobac hqonda. mogzaurobis dros wm. basilis

ordenis berebma jerovani yuradReba gamoamJravnes mis

mimarT, rac umniSvnelo ar iyo moxuci, dasneulebuli

da materialurad xelmokle despanisaTvis. magram, ro-

gorc TviT sabas monaTxrobidan Cans, italiaSi ar iy-

vnen darwmunebulni qarTveli diplomatis kaTolikobi-

sadmi gulwrfel midrekilebaSi.

saba romSi mivida 29 ivniss. Tavis `mogzauroba

evropaSi~ am TariRis aRniSvnasTan erTad igi, ratom-

Rac (SemdegSi gairkveva ratom) ambobs, rom kardinalebi

pirvelni ar mivlen vinmes sanaxavad, vidre maT ar ina-

xuleben da amas moayolebs Txrobas pirvel ivliss

masTan frangi kardinalis stumrobis Sesaxeb, romlis

vizitis mizani, TiTqos sabasTvisac gaugebari da sai-

dumloebiT moculi iyo: wasvlisas `karamdin arc gami-geba, arc gamiyola, viTam da Cems sanaxavad ar mosu-lao~1. meore dRes (2 ivnisi) sabas sanaxavad mivida basi-

1 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I // gamosacemad moam-

zades s. yubaneiSvilma da r. baramiZem, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 161.

339

lianTa meTauri (peti) da `sxva episkoposebi da winam-ZRvrebi~. maTi stumroba qarTvelma diplomatma oriode

sityviT Seafasa: imdeni gvialerses, rom SegvaWirves, e.i.

Segvawuxeso1. savaraudoa, sulxan-saba migvaniSnebs, rom

stumrebi masze zemoqmedebis moxdenas cdilobdnen, pir-

vel rigSi mis rwmenaze, sxva raime momentze fiqri am

SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia. qarTveli diplomatis amgva-

ri suliskveTeba gamosWvivis iq, sadac igi papTan audi-

enciaze gadmogvcems.

xuT ivliss papma sulxan-saba istumra. sulxan-sabam

paps Tavisi saTxovari Semdegnairad Camouyaliba: `wmidav mama meTqi, ra Senma Svilma (vaxtang VI _ e.m.), mtkice qristianma TÂsiâsaqme Senze miagdo, maSinve gulsavse Seviqen, yvela gamirigdeba meTqi. magram sigviane vaxtang mefes aras argebs. avs alags aris meTqi. (papma _ e.m.) mibrZana: Cemi sisxli rom mTxovo, vaxtangisa da Senis qveynis sasargeblod imasac dasaqcevad mogcemo. madli gardavixade da movaxsene: me vxedav, vaxtangis mousvlelo-

biT qristianobas daakldeba Cems qveyanaSia da mosvliT marTlmadideblobas moemateba meTqi. Tvara me sxva saqme ara maqvs ra. moxucebuls simeonsaviT gexvewebi: aw ganmi-

teve meTqi. gamicina da mibrZana: me SenTvis R~Ts vexvewebio. didi dRe mogceso, SeniT mravali saqme minda gavakeToo~2.

***

yuradReba unda gamaxvildes erT sakiTxzec: saq-

arTveloSi moRvawe misionerebTan, kerZod, sulxan-sabas

kapucinebTan urTierTobasa da maTdami damokidebule-

baze.

1 iqve, gv. 161. 2 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 163.

340

romSi sulxan-saba gamovida kapucinebis winaaRm-

deg. man uari Tqva am ordenis berebis saqarveloSi wa-

moyvanaze1. qarTveli elCis amgvari moTxovna TiTqos ar

unda asaxavdes qarTvel moRvawesa da kapucinel mision-

erebs Soris dadebiT urTierTobas. magram sul sxva

ganwyobileba Cans kapucinebis mier romSi gagzavnil we-

rilebSi. maTi gacnobis Semdeg iseTi STabeWdileba iqm-

neba, rom sulxan-sabas maTTan normaluri urTierToba

hqonda, magram zogierTi momenti aseT urTierTobas sae-

Wvos xdis. albaT, sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom

sulxan-saba parizSi lazaristelebis monasterSi gaCer-

da, im ordenis monasterSi, romelsac Jan riSari ekuT-

vnoda2. da bolos, erTi garemoebac ipyrobs yuradRebas:

kaTolike misionerebis mier evropaSi gagzavnil yvela

werilSi sulxan-sabas am saxeliT moixsenieben. Tu man kaTolikoba aRiara, maSin kaTolike berebs Sesabamisi saxelic unda daerqmiaT, maSin rodesac mas marTlmadi-debluri eklesiis mier miniWebuli saxeliT _ saba da saero saxeliT _ sulxan moixseniebdnen.

1 TamaraSvili m., qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan dRemde, gv. 660. sulxan-sabas monaTxrobis mixedviT, romelsac zemoT

gavecaniT, rogorc n. jiqia SeniSnavs: ar rCeba eWvi, `rom

saba marTlmadidebelia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, uxerxuli iqneboda da verc SeZlebda saba Tavisi Zmobis wevrebze

msgavsis gancxadebas~. jiqia a., ramdenime dakvirveba sulxan-

saba orbelianis `samoTxis karze~ // religiis istoriis sa-

kiTxebi, 2, Tbilisi, 2013, 189-216. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII sau-

kunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 173.

341

politikuri viTareba saqarTveloSi sulxan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebamde

ratom `gaipara~ sulxan-saba evropaSi, amis gasar-

kvevad aucilebelia gadavxedoT imdroindeli qarTlis

samefoSi Seqmnil politikur viTarebas, romlis Ziri-

Tad wyaros vaxuSti batoniSvilis Txzuleba warmoad-

gens.

imisaTvis, raTa qvemoT gamiadvildes mkiTxvelis

yuradReba mivapyro zogierTi momentis Cemebur gageba-

ze, mokled moviyvan vaxuStis im cnobebs, romlebic exe-

ba 1712-1713 wlebs.

***

manamde ki, unda iTqvas Semdegi:

1712 wlis gazafxulze Sahma TavisTan daibara

vaxtangi (`Semdgomad movida mehmandari yeenisa mimwode-beli~). vaxtangma gamgzavrebis win qarTlis gamgebloba

Tavis naxevarZmas svimons Caabara, xolo Tavisi ojaxi,

`dedofali da Zeni TÂsni daadgina gors~1. Sahma vax-

tangs qarTlSi gamefebis sanacvlod islamis miReba

mosTxova. graf dezalors mRvdeli misioneri swerda:

ìranis Sahma miiwvia saqarTvelos mefe da eweva masTan molaparakebas, raTa wesis mixedviT, is aiZulos, miRos mahmadianoba da raTa (ar _ e.m.) gadaeces qarTli kaxeT-is mmarTvels. fiqroben, rom es mefe ajanydeba an gada-va moskoveTSi~2.


cxovreba, IV, გვ. 491. 2 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriid-

an, gv. 105.

342

ar vici cnoba, rom 1710-ian wlebSi vaxtang mefes

raime saxis kavSiri hqonda moskovTan. magram mainc sa-

yuradReboa misioneris bolo fraza (SeiZleba, es azri

cnobili iyo Sahis karzec), vaxtangi ajanydeboda

iranis winaaRmdeg an `moskoveTSi~ gadavidoda. misione-

ris es sityvebi winaswarmetyveluri iyo, imdenad, ram-

denadac aTi wlis Semdeg (1722-1724 ww.) vaxtang mefe

marTlac aujanyda irans da gadavida `moskoveTSi~. Sem-

dgomi periodis zogierTi cnoba savaraudos xdis, rom

vaxtangs marTlac hqonda kontaqtebi moskovis mTavro-

basTan, pirdapir Tu ara, moskovis qarTuli koloniis

saSualebiT.

saqarTveloSi politikuri mdgomareobis da ara

mxolod mis Sesaxeb, petre I-s da mis garemocvas infor-

maciis mopoveba SeeZloT moskovSi dasaxlebuli vaxtan-

gis biZis, arCil II-is oajaxisgan, romlisadmi kargi

ganwyobileba, gansakuTrebiT arCilis ufros vaJ bato-

niSvil aleqsandresadmi, sayovelTaod cnobilia. cno-

bilia, agreTve, vaxtangis qaliSvilis darejanis kargi

urTierToba ruseTis samefo karTan1. sruliad buneb-

rivia, rom vaxtangi garkveuli informacias iRebda mos-

kovidan petre I-is saSinao da sagareo warmatebebis Se-

saxeb. aseve kavkasiis sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli petre

aucileblad gaamaxvilebda yuradRebas vaxtang mefis

mdgomareobaze, romelic SeiZleboda gamoyenebina Tavi-

si sagareo politikuri miznebisaTvis, kerZod kavkasi-

aSi da iranTan mimarTebaSi.

arCil II-m iyo ruseTis mTavrobis mniSvnelovani

informatori saqarTvelos sakiTxebSi. man ruseTis sae-

lCo prikazis xelmZRvanelis (sagareo saqmeTa ministri)

1 ix. tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi, meore Sevsebuli

da gadamuSavebuli gamocema, Tbilisi, 1959.

343

graf feodor aleqsandes Ze golovinis TxovniT dawera

werilebi saqarTveloze, Seadgina saqarTvelos ruka da

mudmivi kavSiri hqonda samSoblosTan Tavisi kacebis

saSualebiT. igi mopovebul saintereso masalebs rusul

enaze Targmnida da f. a. golovins ugzavnida1.

sagareo saqmeebis xelmZRvaneli dawesebulebisa-

Tvis mniSvnelovani informaciis miwodeba SeeZlo erek-

le I-is dros daarsebul moskovis qarTul kolonias,

romelic arCilis dros SesamCnevad gaizarda. àrCil-Tan erTad moskovSi Cavidnen da sabolood damkvidrd-nen Tavadebi _ ambrasaZe (romelic SemdgomSi amzance-vad iqca), xerxeuliZe (SemdgomSi xerxeulidzevi), sol-oRaSvili (sologovi), dadiani (dadianovi), qvariani, jafariZe, sayvareliZe, beJaniSvili, aladaSvili da bevri sxva. ocamde didi qarTveli gvari Seadgenda XVII saukunis moskovSi qarTvelTa kolonias~. TavadebTan

erTad iyvnen TavianT batonebTan erTad moskovSi gada-

saxlebuli sxvadasxva dabali warmoSobis yma glexebi

da samRvdelo pirebi _ 150 qarTuli gvari2. koloniis

Sevseba periodulad xdeboda sxvadasxva mizeziTa da

mizniT ruseTSi gadaxvewili axali qarTveli kolonis-

tebiT.

arCils undoda, rom saqaTvelosa da moskovis ko-

lonias Soris arasodes Sewyvetiliyo kavSiri. garda-

cvalebamde mcire xniT adre3, arCil mefe petre I-s swe-

rda: `de, brZanos Tqvenma udidebulesobam, rom aznaure-bi da Cvens (qarTul _ e.m.) enaze molaparake yvela wo-debis adaianebi, romlebic CvenTan cxovrobdnen moskov-

1 iqve, gv. 216-217. 2 iqve, gv. 219-220. 3 arCil mefe gardaicvala 1713 wlis 16 aprils. daikrZala

moskovis donis monasterSi Svilebis gverdiT.

344

Si da Cvens Semdgomac Cemi qveynida Camovlen, movidnen da wavidnen winandeburad daubrkoleblad. de, moskovSi Camosulni, miRebuli Cveulebisamebr, aucileblad Cvens saxlSi cxovrobdnen~1.

petre I-is arCilis asul darejanTan kargi urTi-

erTobis damagvirgvinebel bolo aqtad unda miviCnioT

Svedebze gamarjvebuli imperatoris mier zeimis aRniS-

vna 1722 wlis 30 ianvars vsesviatskoeSi, darejanis sasa-

xleSi.

ase, rom ruseTis xelisufleba saqarTvelos da

vaxtangis Sesaxeb cnobebs sistematurad Tu ara garkve-

uli periodulobiT mainc iRebda. aseve savaraudoa, rom

vaxtangic Tavisi sando adamianebis saSualebiT ruseT-

is ambebi saqmis kursSi iyo.

ase rom gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba imis varaudi, rom

ZaldatanebiT gamuslimanebis saSiSroebis winaSe mdgo-

mi vaxtang mefe iZulebul gamxdariyo ruseTSi Seefare-

bina Tavi. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare fran-

gebs, kerZod, graf dezaloris korespondent mRvdel

misioners, uSualod vaxtangisgan unda moesmina, rom Tu

aiZulebdnen rjulis Secvlas, SeiZleboda Tavi Seefa-

rebina ruseTisaTvis.

***

vaxtangma uari ganacxada islamis miRebaze. miuxe-

davad amisa Sahi Tavidan vaxtangis qarTlSi qristianad

dabrunebas apirebda, magram kariskacebis moTxovniTa

da vaxtangis naxevarZmis ieses intrigebis gamo pirvan-

deli ganzraxva Secvala da igi iranSi gaaCera.

1713 wlis 20 ianvars kapucinebis misioneri pier

d’isudeni iranidan swerda graf dezalors, rom saqar-

1 iqve, gv. 227.

345

Tvelos mefe ukve erT Tveze metia, rac Camovida ispa-

anSi. Sahma is daibara raTa gaemahmadianebina. Sahs ukve

ramdenjerme hqonda mcdeloba daeyoliebina igi daTan-

xmeboda mis moTxovnas, magram mefem didi simtkiciT ga-

uwia winaaRmdegoba. d’isudenma or-samjer moinaxula va-

xtangi, romelmac ganucxada: ùfro adre mas nakuw-na-kuwad aqceven, vidre Tavis sarwmunoebas miatovebineben~. amgvarad, dasaSvebia, rom vaxtang mefes piradad eTqva

misionerisaTvis, rom fiqrobda ruseTSi gaqcevaze. mi-

sioneri, iTvaliswinebda ra qarTvelebis àramdgrado-

bas~ sarwmunoebaSi, werda: `yovelTvis saSiSia, rom am mefem, roca dainaxavs, rom is moklebulia Tavis sam-flobeloebs ar mianebos Tavi iseve, rogorc gaakeTes masze adre misma babuam, misma mamam, misma biZam da orma misi Zmebidan. Tumca ki Cans, rom mas mtkiced aqvs gada-wyvetili ufro adre datovos Tavisi samflobeloebi vidre sarwmunoeba~1.

d’isudeni 1713 wlis 11 maiss ispaanidan versals ac-

nobebda, rom man vaxtang mefes 4 maiss gadasca lui

XIV-isa da grafi de ponSartrenis sparsul enaze dawe-

rili baraTebi. `Cems Tavs uflebas vaZlev mogweroT Tqven, da Tqven gacnoboT, rom mimdinare Tvis oTxSi, me miviRe alepos gziT misi udidebulesobis (lui XIV-is _e.m.) werili da werili Tqveni aRmatebulebisa (pon-Sartrenis _ e.m.). me isini mas mivutane meore dRes da ganvumarte mas imitom, rom ar icoda ra kargad kiTxva iranul enaze, man ver SeZlo esargebla iranuli TargmaniT, romelic iyo werilSi da ar undoda waekiT-xebina igi adgilobrivi pirebisaTvis imis SiSiT, ro am (Sahis _ e.m.) kars ar scodnoda misi Sinaarsi da aRZ-


gv. 110.

346

roda eWvi. vinaidan es sabralo mefe imyofeba aq ai ukve weliwadia, rogorc tyve... me mgonia, rom misi udidebu-lesobis werili, romelic man Tayvaniscemisa da mad-lierebis didad gamovlinebiT miiRo, iqneba misTvis kidev erTi sababi, raTa is gaxados kidev ufro mtkice. me arafers ar ugulebelvyof, raTa gavamagro igi am simtkiceSi, magram me mxolod sityvebi gamaCnia misTvis. batoni abati riSari iqneba aRWurvili pasuxebiT, rom-lebsac mefe (vaxtangi _ e.m.) miswers mis udidebuleso-bas (lui XIV _ e.m.) da Tqvens aRmatebulebas (ponSar-treni _ e.m.)~1.

kapucini mama Jan batist de monmoro ispaanidan

werda, rom 1714 wlis 14 Tebervals vaxtang mefes saku-

Tar xelSi gadasca zemoaRniSnuli werilebi. mefem kap-

ucins ubrZana, rom werilebze pasuxebi daewera imave

enaze, romelzec man miiRo. imave dros man bers daava-

la gamoeCina mis miwer-moweraSi sifrTxile. amitom iyo,

rom vaxtangi TviTon ar werda werilebs da arc xels

awerda. àmitomacaa, rom man ganizraxa, _ wers mama ba-tist de monmoro, _ man ganizraxa ramdenime dReSi gaeg-zavna Tqvens aRmatebulebasTan frangi patiosani adami-ani (Jan riSari _e.m.), romelic gacnobebT Tqven Tavis mosazrebebs, ise, rom ar hqondes SiSi, rom misi weri-lebi vinmes xelSi Cauvardes...~2

vaxtang mefe sruliad gamiznulad iCenda sifrT-

xiles, ar werda werilebs qarTulad, raTa isini xelSi

ar CavardnodaT mis mtrebs, romlebic mas sakmaod

hyavda rogorc saqarTveloSi ise iranSi. Tavisi aseTi

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb vaxtang mefe ufro naTlad lapa-

rakobs sulxan-sabasadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelic

1 iqve, gv. 116-117. 2 iqve, gv. 157-158.

347

waiRo juzepe freskurati veronelma 1714 wlis 20

Tebervals, romlidan amonarids zemoT ukve gavecaniT.

vaxtangi Tavis dauZinebel mtrad Tavis Zmas ieses asa-

xelebs1.

***

vaxtangisTvis sasurveli viTareba arc qarTlSi

iyo. qarTlis gamgebeli svimoni daqorwinda vaxtangis

mtris, giorgi erisTavis asulze `da iwyes qvelgamxed-veloba vaxtangisa~2. vaxtangs asmendnen Sahis winaSe,

`raTa scnas, ra boroti uqmnies mahmadianTa zeda vaxt-ang~. Aamitom Sahma sinamdvilis Sesaswavlad qarTlSi

gamogzavna vinme xolofa. Mman miiRo miTiTeba: Tu xel-

sayreli viTareba Seiqmneboda, TviTon daepyro qarTli,

svimoni ki iranSi gaegzavna. `mohsrulis xolofas Ta-naSeizraxnen sÂmon da mTavarni qarTlisani vaxtangisa borotsa zeda~. maT mxari dauWira qarTlis samRvdelo-

ebam kaTalikos domentis meTaurobiT. rodesac

xolofas namdvili zraxvebi gamJRavnda, is gandevnes da

Sahs misweres: àra gvnebavs vaxtangi, aramed mogvivline

iese~3.

***

marTalia, vaxuSti batoniSvili rogorc ambis

Tanamedrove, subieqturia zogierTi faqtis Sefasebisas,

magram misi cnobebi uciloblad sando da angariSgasa-

wevia. vaxuStis Txzulebis is adgilebi, romlebic vax-

tang VI-is ispaanSi yofnis periods exeba, kritikulad

Seiswavla v. donduam, vaxuStis mier uaryofiTad Sefa-

1 iqve, gv. 163. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 492. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 493.

348

sebuli qarTlis gamgeblis svimonis reabilitaciis mi-

zniT. amisaTvis saWiro iyo vaxuSti batoniSvilis gamt-

yuneba, rac man, erTi SexedviT, kidec SeZlo. magram, Tu

faqtebs CavukvirdebiT, Cveni sasiqadulo mecnierisadmi

wayenebuli braldebebi mkacri aRmoCndeba. v. dondua

svimonis dasacavad iseT Seuferebel gamoTqmebs xmar-

obs vaxuSti batoniSvilis mimarT, rogoricaa: `vaxuSti am Tavis biZis (svimonis – e.m.) saxels geslSi amovlebu-li kalmiT ukavSirebs vaxtangis reaqciul mowinaaR-mdegeTa saqmianobas~1; `vaxuSti, saerTod moZule svimo-nisa~2; `svimoni vaxuStis... mier isev mwared dadaRuli~3. yovelive amis gaxseneba imisaTvis damWirda, rom Tu ar

aRsdga istoriuli sinamdvile (es ki asaxulia vaxuSti

batoniSvilis TxzulebaSi), maSin gaugebari iqneba, rat-

om `gaipara~ sulxan-saba safrangeTSi.

vaxtangis damokidebuleba ZmebTan

rogorc iTqva, vaxtang VI-is poziciebi sakmaod

Seilaxa qarTlis samefoSi. amitom misTvis aucilebeli

iyo qarTlSi iseTi Tanamzraxvelisa da erTguli ada-

mianis yola, romelic mis interesebs daicavda. vin unda

yofiliyo aseTi pirovneba? ra Tqma unda misi mamida-

Svili da aRmzrdeli sulxan-saba orbeliani, romelic

udidesi avtoritetiT sargeblobda mTel saqarTvelo-

Si. vaxtangi iranSi gaemgzavra 1712 wlis 23 aprils.

sulxan-saba vaxtangis amalaSi imyofeboda. vaxtangma,

1 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos politiku-

ri istoriidan. 1712-1745. saistorio Ziebani, I, Tbilisi, 1967,

33-37; gv. 37. 2 iqve, gv. 44. 3 iqve, gv. 45 da sxv.

349

imave wlis dasasruls sulxan-saba ukan daabruna qarT-

lis samefeSo.

amgvarad, qarTlSi Seqmnili viTareba iyo mTavari

mizezi sulxan-sabas qarTlSi dabrunebisa da ara èv-ropaSi gasamgzavreblad da vaxtangis mfarvelTa dasa-Zebnad~ samzadisi1. SemdegSi davrwmundebiT, rom sul-

xan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavreba mogvianebiT gadawyda.

qarTlSi dabrunebuli sulxan-saba vaxtangis oj-

axTan dasaxlda gorSi. ismeba kiTxva: riT iyo gamowve-

uli vaxtangis mier iranSi wasvlis win dedoflisa da

ufliswulebis Tbilisidan gorSi gadayvana2.

vaxtangis aseTi moqmedeba pirvel rigSi ganpiro-

bebuli iyo Tavisi ojaxis uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofis

mizniT. safiqrebelia, vaxtangma dedofali da ufliswu-

lebi ganarida Tavis Zmas, qarTlis gamgebels svimons.

damkvidrebulia mosazreba, rom vaxtangma Tavisi sur-

viliT daniSna svimoni qarTlis gamged. swori iqneboda

gvefiqra, rom es moxda vaxtangis survilis sawinaaRmde-

god. marTalia vaxuSti ambobs, rom vaxtangma `maSin (irans gamgzavrebis win – e.m.) dauteva Zma TÂsi sÂimon gamged qarTlisa~, magram, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom

vaxtangi Sahma daibara, maSin ufro sagulisxmoa, man

iqve miiRo brZaneba, vin unda yofiliyo misi Semcvle-

li. isic SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom svimonis qarTlis

gamgeblad daniSvnaSi iese batoniSvilisa xeli eria,

romelic im dros ispaanSi cxovrobda da, rogorc ma-

Sindeli saistorio wyaroebidan irkveva, sakmao gavle-

niTac sargeblobda. iese da svimoni rom erToblivad

1 menabde l., sulxan-saba orbeliani, Tbilisi, 1953, gv. 46;

leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani // sulxan-saba orbeli-

ani, Txzulebani, I, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 400. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 491.

350

moqmedebdnen vaxtangis winaaRmdeg, kargad Cans vaxuSti

batoniSvilis Txzulebidan. MmaSasadame, vaxtangis mier

Tavisi saxlobis gorSi gadayvana svimonisadmi undob-

lobiT iyo gamowveuli, xolo rodesac iese gamefda,

dedofalma da ufliswulebma saerTod miatoves qarT-

li.

dazustebas moiTxovs is mosazreba, romlis mixed-

viT, roca svimonma mxari dauWira qarTlSi gamefebul

ieses, TiTqos es vaxtangis interesebs Seesabameboda. v.

dondua vaxuSti batoniSvilis erT cnobaze dayrd-

nobiT, mivida im daskvnamde, rom `vaxtang mefes Tvi-Tonve dahbadebia mis irgvliv Seqmnil pirobebSi azri – taxti daeTmo Tavis gamuslimanebuli `ZmebisTvis~, al-baT swored iesesaTvis~1. sainteresoa ras efuZneba ase-Ti daskvna.

vaxuSti gadmogvcems, rom rodesac Sah huseinma va-

xtangs qarTlSi gamefebis sanacvlod gamuslimaneba

mosTxova, aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `me moved, raTa ara da-marTon mterTa da Seiryes qarTli: garna arian Zmani Cemni mahmadianni da romel gnebavs waravline da me ve-go winaSe Sensa~2.

vaxtangis sityvebSi gamosWvivis Segneba Tavisi

Rirsebis, im upirtatesobisa, romelic mas gaaCnia Tav-

isi Zmebis winaSe. Mmas Tavisi romelime Zmis gamefeba mi-

aCnia `Seryevad qarTlisa~, magram mainc Tu Sahs surs

qarTlis taxtze mahmadiani qarTveli mefe, maSin aRsru-

ldes neba misi, vaxtangi ispaanSi darCeba, xolo qar-

Tlis saqmeebs misi romelime Zma gauZRveba, rac vax-


ri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 39. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis

cxovreba, IV, gv. 492.

351

tangs, misi sityvebidan ase Cans, saeWvod miaCnia. vaxtan-

gis Rirseuli Semcvlelis moZebna qarTlSi maSin marT-

lac SeuZlebeli iyo. vaxtangi rom mxars ar dauWerda

ieses gamefebas, kargad Cans vaxtangis qvemoT moyva-

nili sityvebidan. sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelze gag-

zavnil werilSi, romelic vaxtangis karnaxiT erT-erT-

ma kapucinma dawera 1714 wlis 20 Tebervals ispaanSi.

masSi vkiTxulobT: `ver vbedav da Cemis xeliT verafers vwer, _ ambobs vaxtangi, _ radgan meSinia Cemis Zmis ar-tileriis generlis iesesi, romelic, rogorc mudam gandgomili mteri da eSmaki, ise damtrialebs gars, ra-Ta CamTqas~1. kidev erTic: vaxtangs rom iolad SeZleb-

oda qarTlis taxtis daTmoba, maSin raRad Seecdeboda

uaRresad saxifaTo riskiT dakavSireboda safrangeTis

karsa da romis paps. sulxan-sabas evropaSi mogzauro-

bac xom vaxtangis qarTlis taxtze dabrunebas isaxavda

miznad.

svimonisa da ieses Tanadgomaze miuTiTebs isic,

rom axalgamefebul ieses, Sahis brZanebis miuxedavad,

svimoni, romelmac borotad gamoiyena qarTlis gamgis

ufleba, iranSi unda gaegzavna, magram ar Seasrula2. ie-

sem, garkveuli politikuri mosazrebiT, kaTalikosoba

aRudgina domenti IV-s, maSin, rodesac vaxtangis ojaxi

– dedofali rusudani da ufliswulebi raWas gaixiz-

nen3.

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobis qarTvelTa Soris, gv.

317; sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istori-idan, I, gv. 163.


ri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 39. 3 vrclad iqneba qvemoT.

352

rogorc aRiniSna, vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT,

svimonma da qarTlis didkacobam garkveuli roli Seas-

rules ieses gamefebaSi. maT Sahs misweres: àra gvnebavs vaxtang, aramed mogvivline iese~1. svimoni gatexil xid-

ze miegeba mefe ieses, `gardaexvivnen Zmebi erTmanerTsa, Seqmnes lxini da ukuyra~2.

Sahs verc iesem gaumarTla imedi. xelmocaruli

sulxan-sabas eropidan dabrunebis Semdeg, 1716 wels

vaxtangi gamahmadianda. Sahma vaxtangi qarTlis mefed

gamoacxada, magram droebiT iranSi datova. qarTlis

gamgeblad (janiSinad) dainiSna vaxtangis gamahmadianebuli

vaJi baqari (Sahnavaz II, 1716-1719). baqari sdevnida da sjida

vaxtangis mowinaRmdegeebs. magram v. donduas mier moxmobi-

li faqti, rom svimons devna ar ganucdia3, srulebiTac

ver gamodgeba imis argumentad, TiTqos igi pirSavad ar

iyo vaxtang mefesTan. Aarc svimonis vaxtangTan erTad

ruseTs gamgzavreba 1724 wels ar niSnavs, rom amjerad

CvenTvis saintereso periodSi (1712-1713) is vaxtangis erT-

guli da Tanamzraxveli iyo4. xom cnobilia, rom damnaSave

batoniSvilebidan arc erTi represirebuli ar yofila,

garda nomer pirveli damnaSavesi _ iesesi, romelic jer

Tbilisis cixeSi Caamwyvdies, Semdeg masac apaties Secode-

bani da Tavisufleba da qoneba daubrunes.

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 492-493. 2 CxeiZe s., qarTlis cxovreba, CubinaSvilis gamocema, II, 1854,

gv. 326.


ri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 44.

4 iqve, 47.

353

aseTi Sidapolitikuri viTarebis fonze unda gan-

vixiloT sulxan-saba orbelianis dasavleT evropaSi

diplomatiuri mizniT mogzaurobis momzadeba.

ukve iTqva, rom iranidan qarTlSi dabrunebuli

sulxan-saba gorSi dasaxlda da, safiqrebelia, mas pir-

vel rigSi, mfarveloba unda gaewia am qalaqSi TavSefa-

rebuli vaxtangis ojaxisaTvis. ramdenad axlobeli da

Zvirfasi iyo es mxcovani moRvawe vaxtangis ojaxisa-

Tvis, kargad Cans frangi misionerisa da diplomatis

Jan riSaris 1713 wlis werilidan: àm Tavadma (sulxan-sabam – e.m.) aRzarda vaxtangi da misi saxloba, amisaT-vis iseT pativs scemen da ise uyvarT, rogorc sakuTari mama; egreTve mTel saqarTvelosac mamad miaCnia~1.

sulxan-sabas gamgzavreba evropaSi

sulxan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebis garemoebaTa

Sesaswavlad ZiriTadi wyaroa Jan riSaris werilebi.

abati Jan riSari frangi iyo da ekuTvnoda laza-

ristebis kongregacias2. riSari 1710 wlidan iranSi moR-

vaweobda. vaxtangs imdenad dauaxlovda, rom v. donduas


gv 312; mciredi gansxvavebiT ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-

safrangeTis urTierToba, gv. 146-147. 2 lazaristebi kongregacia daarsa wminda vinCenco dei pao-

lim 1625 wels. kongregacia daamtkica papma urban VIII-m 1632

wels. Temi Tavdpirvelad ganTavsebuli iyo parizSi bon-

anfanis kolegiaSi. 1632 wels maT gadaecaT san-lazaris mo-nasteri da amis Semdeg maT moixseniebdnen lazarelTa

saxeliT. lazarelebi ewevian misionerobas, aswavlian semi-

nariebSi da sxv. Католическая энциклопедия. Т. 2, Москва, 2005; petrozoli p., qristianobis leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2011.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F

354

TqmiT, is gaxda `vaxtangis mesaidumle, rogorc safran-geTis elCis mociquli~1. rogorc Cans, riSari male

dabrunda safrangeTSi, radgan mas 1711 wlis agvistoSi

vxedavT saqarTveloSi iranSi mimaval safrangeTis elC-

Tan, agaTapolel episkopos, babilonis koadiutor2 ga-

tie de galoksonTan erTad. isini ramdenime dRis gan-

mavlobaSi TbilisSi SeCerdnen. i. tabaRuas mier mopove-

buli masalis mixedviT dgindeba: `Jan riSarma 1711 wlis agvistoSi, TbilisSi yofnis dros gaicno vaxtang mefe da sulxan-saba orbeliani da Sedga saubari saqarTve-lo-safrangeTis urTierTobis Sesaxeb; am saubrebs es-wreboda agaTopoleli episkoposi, romelTan erTad iyo Jan riSari, romelic aRmosavleTis qveynebSi kaTolike misionerebis moRvaweobas ganagebda... agaTapolelma epi-skoposma da Jan riSarma Tbilisidan misweres werilebi romSi da parizSi da sruli warmodgena misces vaxtang mefeze, sulxan-sabaze da, saerTod, saqarTveloze saf-rangeTis samefo karsa da romis paps, risi Sedegic iyo: safrangeTis mefe lui XIV-sa da kancleri grafi de ponSartrenis mier da romis papis klement XI-is aq-tiuroba saqarTvelos sasargeblod~3.

1 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos politi-

kuri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 40. 2 koadiutori _ ase ewodeba episkoposisi Rirsebis matare-bel TanamSromels, romelic sadiocezo episkoposs samsaxu-

rebriv movaleobaTa SesrulebaSi exmareba. petrozoli p.,

qristianobis leqsikoni, gv. 158. 3 Tabagua I., I rapporti tra la Georgia Cristiana e la Santa Sede, I, Tbilisi,

1996, p. 28. citirebulia, papaSvili m., rodis iyo ganzraxuli sulxan-saba orbelianis elCoba dasavleTSi. `saistorio

vertikalebi~, #18, 2009, gv. 76.

355

1713 wels Sahma riSars daavala sapasuxo weri-

lebis waReba safrangeTis mefe lui XIV-sTan. am dros

iranSi myofma vaxtangma SemTxveviT isargebla da riS-

ars aseve Tavisi sapasuxo werili gaatana imave mefes-

Tan. Mme SemTxveviT ar vambob vaxtangma `SemTxveviT isa-

rgeblao~. dReisaTvis cnobili wyaroebi safuZvels gva-

Zlevs vTqvaT, rom vaxtangs ar hqonda saSualeba da

dro winaswar SeemuSavebina evropaSi Tavisi ndobiT aR-

Wurvili piris gagzavnis gegma. sakiTxi rom ufro

naTeli gaxdes, Tavdapirvelad aucileblad unda dad-

gindes, rodis miiRo man iranSi safrangeTis mefis da

misi elCis werilebi.

aRniSnuli werilebi TavrizSi miitana patrma de

burJma 1712 wlis agvistoSi1. am dros vaxtangi ukve

erTi Tvis Casuli iyo ispaanSi. mxolod 1713 wlis 15

maiss riSaris mier ispaanidan gagzavnili werilebiT

vigebT, rom patrma pier d’isudenma werili adresats,

e.i. vaxtangs Caabara2, magram zustad rodis, ar viciT.

patrebs am werilebis vaxtangisaTvis gadasacemad moxe-

rxebuli dro unda SeerCiaT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi se-

riozuli safrTxe emuqreboda rogorc vaxtangs, aseve

patrebs. im intensiur momoweras Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

romelic frang misionerebs stambolSi safrangeTis

elCTan hqondaT, maSin SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom frang

elCs misTvis aseT saintereso ambavs (vaxtangs rom we-

rilebi Cabarda) swrafad acnobebdnen. maSasadame vax-

tangs werilebi unda mieRo araugvianes 1713 wlis ap-

rilis dasasruls an maisis dasawyisSi. A

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba, gv. 301. 2 iqve, gv. 302.

356

exla dgeba kiTxva: SeiZleboda Tu ara 1712 wlis

noemberSi ispaanidan qarTlSi wamosul sulxan-sabas

scodnoda vaxtangis gegma dasavleT evropaSi elCobis

gagzavnis Sesaxeb, an rogor SeeZlo vaxtangs misTvis

daevalebina qarTlSi dabruneba `safrangeTSi wasvlis Sesamzdeblad~, rogorc g. leoniZe fiqrobda1.

xelsayreli SemTxveva vaxtangisgan swraf moq-

medebas moiTxovda. mas werilis pasuxic unda daewera

da sando kacic moeZebna, romelsac gaandobda Tavis

mniSvnelovan saidumlos da garantirebuli unda yo-

filiyo, rom igi ar gaxmaurdeboda. savaraudoa, vax-

tangs safrangeTis mefis werilis pasuxi riSarisaTvis

unda gadaeca misi gamgzavrebis win, mcire xniT adre.

dazustebas moiTxovs i. tabaRuas mosazreba, rom

Jan riSaris saqarTveloze gavliT gamgzavreba imiT iyo

ganpirobebuli, TiTqos mas surda sulxan-sabas wayvana

safrangeTSi2. rogorc SemdgomSi davinaxavT, riSari am

mizniT ar stumreboda saqarTvelos. Mmas sxva interesi

hqonda. jer erTi, maSin kaTolike misionerebisaTvis

naklebad saxifaTo iyo saqarTvelos gza. Aamas garda

riSari, Tavis saqmianobidan gamomdinare, dainterese-

buli iqneboda saqarTveloSi moRvawe misionerebis mdg-

omareobis gacnobiT (es is droa, rodesac misionerebi

devnas ganicdidnen iranSi. amaze qvemoT), amitom uSu-

alod unda gascnoboda viTarebas. gavixsenoT, rom ri-

Sari sulxan-sabas gansakuTrebul damsaxurebad uTvli-

da misionerebisadmi mxardaWeras da imasac, rom es qa-

rTveli sasuliero piri TviTonac kaTolikobas aRia-

1 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani // sulxan-saba orbeli-

ani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 400. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv. 147.

357

rebda, rogorc kapucini misionerebi acnobebdnen romsa

da parizSi. safrangeTis mTavrobac xom imitom amya-

rebda kavSirs vaxtang VI-sTan, rom mas xeli Seewyo

patrebis moRvaweobisaTvis saqarTveloSi.

unda iTqvas, rom seriozuli antikaTolikuri gan-

wyobileba sufevda qarTlis samefoSi XVIII s. pirvel

meoTxedSi. aseTi viTareba gansakuTrebiT reliefurad

gamoCnda sulxan-saba orbelianis saqmianobaSi evropaSi

gamgzavrebis win da iqidan dabrunebis Semdgom qarT-

lis samefo karis da eklesiis misadmi mopyrobaSi. qve-

moT Sevecdebi vaCveno, rom iranSi grigoriani somexi

samRvdeloebis mier ganxorcielebul kaTolikebis dev-

nas, XVIII saukunis pirvel oceulSi gamoZaxili hqonda

saqarTveloSi1.

ar gamovricxav, rom riSari vaxtangis rCeviT mo-

vida saqarTveloSi. saeWvo, magram dasaSvebia, vaxtangma

saqarTvelos gziT mimaval riSars werili gamoatana

sulxan-sabasTan.

riSari erevanze gavliT TbilisSi mivida. is Sem-

degnairad gadmogvcems Tavis mogzaurobas erevnidan

Tbilisamde: „erevnidan wavel saqarTveloSi tfiliss, saca mflobeladaa Zma vaxtang mefisa, romelic aris ispaans. Teqvsmeti dRe2 TavisTan damiWira, Semdgom ram-denime aficeri momca, raTa gamyolodnen Sav zRvamde~3. am dros, qarTlis gamgebelia svimoni. riSaris svimon-

Tan daaxloebiT ori kviris ganmavlobaSi darCena,

mkvlevarebs imis mowmobad miaCniaT, rom vaxtangsa da

1 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 302-304, 307, 310.

2 werilis frangul dedanSi 15 dRea. iqve, gv. 722. 3 iqve, gv. 312, 722. mcireodeni gansxvavebiT ix. tabaRua i.,

saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, I, gv. 146.

358

svimons erTnairi sagareo politikuri orientacia (am

SemTxvevaSi dasavleTevropuli) hqondaT. movusminoT v.

donduas: „svimons, Cans, swadda riSarisa da misi mTavrobis imave mizniT gamoyeneba, ra mizniTac vaxtang mefe iyo Cabmuli diplomatiur urTierTobaSi aRniS-nul mTavrobasTan. ueWvelia, svimonic, msgavsad vaxta-ngisa, eZebda yaenis zurgs ukan evropasTan dakavSirebis saSualebas, masTan daaxloebas~1. am mosazrebas, ro-

gorc Cans, iziarebდა i. tabaRuac2. aseTi mniSvnelovani

daskvnis gamotana riSaris mier TbilisSi gatarebul

dReebze naTqvami oriode sityvidan, gazviadebuli mima-

Cnia.

svimons rom raime interesi gamoemJRavnebina sa-

frangeTis samefo karTan kavSiris damyarebis Sesaxeb,

maSin riSari, rogorc am qveynis warmomadgeneli, val-

debuli iyo Tavisi mTavrobisaTvis moexsenebina. Uufro

swori iqneba riSaris naTqvamis Semdegnairi gageba: is

ukmayofiloa svimonma, misTvis gaugebari mizeziT, 15

dRiT TbilisSi rom daakava. Cemi azriT, svimons surda

gaego riSaris qarTlSi mosvlis mizani, visTan daa-

myarebda igi kontaqts. vfiqrob, riSarma araferi ga-

umxila svimons vaxtangis ganzraxvaze. winaaRmdeg SemT-

xvevaSi, saeWvoa, riSaris mogzauroba saqarTveloSi ise

gagrZelebuliyo, rogorc dReisaTvisaa cnobili. Uufro

metic, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, riSarma ar

icoda sulxan-saba mas evropaSi rom gahyveboda. vaxtan-

gma, albaT, ise moawyo saqme, rom riSars, vidre is sa-

1 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos poli-

tikuri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 40. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv. 146.

359

qarTvelodan ar wavidoda, ar scodnoda im misiis Se-

saxeb (mxedvelobaSi maqvs sulxan-sabas riSarTan erTad

gamgzavreba. isic unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom vax-

tang mefe Sahis xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebel pirovne-

bebTan mimowerisas icavda mkacr konspiracias), rac vax-

tangis gegmiT mas unda Seesrulebina. aseTi konspiracia

ki maSindel qarTlSi Seqmnili viTarebiTac iyo nakar-

naxevi.

saqarTveloSi da, albaT, sxvaganac mogzaurobi-

saTvis riSars aucileblad eqneboda Sahisagan naboZebi

dacvis sigeli, romelic qveSevrdomebs avaldebulebda

yovelgvari daxmareba aRmoeCinaT da daecvaT misi da-

valebiT safrangeTs mimavali frangi. amiT unda aixsnas

svimonis didi `yuradReba~ riSarisadmi. riSaris Tavi-

suflad gadaadgilebas, garkveuli gagebiT, zRudavda

svimonis mier misTvis gayolebuli `dacva~, romelsac,

albaT, frangisadmi TvalTvalic evaleboda. Tu gaT-

valiswinebuli iqneba es garemoeba, maSin gasagebi ga-

xdeba ratom dasWirdaT vaxtangsa da sulxan-sabas, am

ukanasknelis dasavleT evropaSi gaparvis inscenireba.

sulxan-sabas da Jan riSaris Sexvedra gorSi

riSari Tbilisidan gors mivida da iq Sexvda su-

lxan-sabas. rogorc riSaris zemoxsenebuli werilidan

Cans, is gorSi mcirexans gaCerda1. safrangeTis mini-

strisa da saxelmwifo mdivnis graf de ponSartreni-

1 adre, rodesac, Jan riSarisa da sulxan-sabas gorSi Sex-

vedraze vwerdi, ar gaviziare i. tabaRuas mosazreba sulxan-

sabas da riSaris nacnobobis Sesaxeb da vfiqrobdi, rom

isini pirvelad gorSi Sexvdnen 1713 wels.

360

sadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi sulxan-saba amaze pirda-

pir miuTiTebs: `CemTan musu riSari mRvdeli aris, rom qarTlidan aman momiyvana. ra vaxtang es (riSari – e.m.) Seiswavla, diaR ganewyo. amisTvis eTqva Tavis pasuxi~1. riSari ki ase gadmogvcems sulxan-sabasTan Sexvedras:

`ra gaviare gorSi, aq damxvda sulxan-saba, biZa saqarT-velos mefisa; monazonad Sedgomamde Tavis Zmebs dautova erTi didi provincia, romelic misi sakuTreba iyo. amitom hyo, raTa ufro advilad aRearebina ka-

Tolike sarwmunoeba~2. amonarididan im daskvnas ver

gamovitanT, TiTqos sulxan-sabasi da riSaris Sexvedra

gorSi winaswar iyo dagegmili3. riSari sulxan-sabasTan

Sexvedras ufro imitom aRniSnavs, rom misi saxiT gaic-

no kaTolike qarTveli didebuli _ yvelasgan pativ-

cemuli da dafasebuli pirovneba, romelic did daxma-

rebas uwevda saqarTveloSi moRvawe kaTolike misione-

rebs.

yuradRebas iqcevs erTi garemoebac. sulxan-sabas,

rogorc riSaris werilidan irkveva, Tavdapirvelad

didi yuradReba ar gamouCenia mis mimarT. SeiZleba saba

ase iqceoda konspiraciis mizniT, sxvebis dasanaxad.

magram aucilebelia imis aRniSvna, rom riSari SemTxve-

viT ar miaqcevs mkiTxveli yuradReba im garemoebas,

rom roca sulxan-sabam gorSi miiRo vaxtangis werili,


gv. 317-318; sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis

istoriidan, I, gv. 299. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 312, 722; mciredi gansxvavebiT ix. tabaRua i., saqarTvelo

evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, I, gv. 146. 3 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv. 144.

361

amis Semdeg `rac misma safrangeTis mimarT siyvarulma Caagona, yoveli pativi mca~1. riSaris es erTi fraza

mafiqrebinebs, rom vaxtangis mier sulxan-sabasaTvis

gamogzavnil werilSi iyo iseTi ram, ramac sruliad

Secvala qarTveli diplomatis frangisadmi ganwyobi-

leba, raRac mniSvnelovani STaagona mas. aseT varauds

Tu miviRebT, maSin ver gaviziareb g. leoniZis zigierT

mosazrebas, saqarTvelodan evropaSi gamgzavrebis win

sulxan-sabas saqmianobis Sesaxeb. g. leoniZe wers: `sa-ba... anazdeulad stovebs ispaans da qarTlSi brundeba... saba albaT gamomgzavrebula safrangeTSi wasvlis Se-samzadeblad mefis parolis molodinSi da ai, rodesac evropaSi mimavali riSari xvdeba mas gorSi, sabac Ta-visi werilis pasuxs iRebs vaxtangisagan... Cven ar viciT, ra Sinaarsisa iyo es werili da exeboda Tu ara sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebis sakiTxs, magram sayuradRTeboa, rom swored am werilis miRebis Semdeg sabam gamouc-xada riSars Tavisi survili evropaSi wasvlisa~2.

riSaris werilidan amoRebuli fraza ver gamogva-

dgeba imis dasamtkiceblad, TiTqos sulxan-saba ira-

nidan qarTlSi imitom dabrunda, rom safrangeTSi wa-

sasvlelad Semzadebuliyo. ukve iTqva, rom misi dab-

runeba sxva mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. arc is aris

swori, TiTqos aRniSnuli werilis miRebis Semdeg gau-

Cnda mas evropaSi gamgzavrebis survili. rogorc qve-

moT davrwmundebiT, aseTi survili man gamosTqva sxva-

gan, sxva werilis miRebis Semdeg.


gv. 312. 2 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. sulxan-saba orbeliani,

Txzulebani, I, gv. 400.

362

maS ra ewera gorSi miRebul werilSi? Cemi azriT,

am weriliT vaxtangi sabas acnobebda vin iyo riSari da

vaxtangis ra davaleba unda Seesrulebina. sabam, albaT,

zogadad icoda vaxtangis ganzraxva safrangeTTan

kavSiris damyarebis Sesaxeb. vaxtangs exla, roca

xelsayreli SemTxveva mieca da is am gegmis realiza-

ciisaken konkretul nabijs dgamda, misTvis uaRresad

saintereso iqneboda sabas, rogorc gamocdili diplo-

matis azri.

sulxan-sabam evropaSi gamgzavreba gadawyvita gorSi

Tavdapirvelad, dasavleT evropaSi midioda mxo-

lod riSari, rogorc vaxtang mefis ndobiT aRWurvili

piri. amaze garkveviT miuTiTebs TviT saba. riSari rom

SemdgomSic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda vaxtangis

tyveobidan dasaxsnelad da mxolod sabas gamyoli ar

iyo, amazec TviT saba gansakuTrebiT miuTiTebs.

parizSi misulma qarTvelma diplomatma lui XIV-is

ministrsa da saxelmwifo mdivans graf de ponSartrens

miswera: `qarTveli mefis pasuxebi didebulTanac (sa-frangeTis mefe lui XIV – e.m.) da TqvenTanac movitane, rodesac gindaT TqvenTan moval da madlsac garda-vixdi~1. magram sabas umjobesad CaTvala, rom dasaxele-

bul ministrTan mivides riSari, romelmac icis

franguli ena (parizSi gagzavnil erT-erT werilSi

spaecialurad iyo aRniSnuli, rom sulxan-sabam arc-

erTi evropuli ena ar icoda), mSvenivrad erkveva vax-

tangisa da saqarTvelos saqmeebSi, yvelafers ukeTesad


gv. 317.

363

auxsnis ministrs. àmis sityuas ukeT Seityob, - wers saba, - da Cemsa es Seityobs da Cemi saqme da sandomi rac aris, aman yvela kai icis da Tu ubrZanebT yualkas es mogaxsenebs da gagisinjvebs~1. sxva werilebidan

irkveva, rom riSari sabas safrangeTidan gamomgza-

vrebis Semdegac iRwvoda vaxtangis dasaxmareblad.

rogorc vTqvi, pirvelad marto riSari midioda

safrangeTSi. amitom ver gaviziareb i. tabaRuas mosa-

zrebas, TiTqos Jan riSars safrangeTis mefisaTvis

unda waeRo vaxtangis sapasuxo werili, unda gaevlo

gorSi, saidanac gahyveboda sulxan-saba da piradad

gadascemda lui XIV-s vaxtangis werils2. cnobilia

erT-erTi frangi misioneris mier 1713 wlis 11 maiss

(daaxloebiT orTvenaxevriT adre sabas iranidan sam-

SobloSi gamgzavrebamde) stambolidan gagzavnili we-

rili, saidanac vigebT: `batoni riSari waiRebs sa-pasuxo werilebs, romlebsac mefe (vaxtangi – e.m.) miswers mis udidebulesobasa (lui XIV-s _ e.m.) da Tqvens aRmatebulebas (dezalors _ e.m.)~3. ra Tqma unda, misioneris es informacia riSarisagan modioda. saeW-

voa riSars scodnoda, rom masTan erTad unda wasu-

liyo qarTveli kaci, romelic saTaveSi Caudgeboda

elCobas da amis Sesaxeb ar acnobebda dezalors, ro-

melic, rogorc maSindeli mimoweridan Cans, didad iyo

dainteresebuli da aqtiuradac monawileobda vaxtangis

dasaxsnelad mimdinare saqamianobaSi. vaxtangma rom

riSars daavala pasuxis waReba safrangeTis mefesTan,

1 iqve, gv. 318. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv. 144. 3 iqve.

364

amaze miuTiTebs TviT frangi misioneric1. amis Semdeg

Tqma imisa, rom `male (igulisxmeba 1712 w. – e.m.) gada-wyda, es werilebi vaxtangis elCs _ sulxan-saba orbe-lians unda waeRo, romelic Jan riSarTan erTad kidec gaemgzavra safrangeTSi 1713 wlis agvistos~2, safuZvels

moklebulia.

sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom riSari mxolod

marselidan ministr torsisadmi gagzavnil werilSi

miuTiTebs, rom àmas (sulxan-saba _ e.m.) moaqvs pasuxi im werilebisa, romelnic keTil ineba da miswera xelmwifem (lui XIV-m _ e.m.) da Tqvenma didebulebam~3. es migvaniSnebs, rom mas Semdeg, rac elCoba gascda

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs, sabam warudgina riSars vax-

tangis mier elCis uflebiT misi aRWurvis sabuTi.

amgvarad, CemTvis cnobili wyaroebidan ar Ca-ns, rom vaxtangs sabas dasavleT evropaSi gamg-zavreba riSaris gorSi misvlamde ukve gadaw-yveytili hqonda.

rom gvcodnoda ramden xans darCa riSari gorSi

(savaraudoa, is male gaemgzavra), maSin gaadvildeboda

erTi saintereso momentis axsna. kerZod, rodis SeTan-

xmdnen vaxtang VI da sulxan-saba am ukanasknelis saf-

rangeTis samefo karze wasvlis Sesaxeb. riSaris weri-

lSi ministr torsisadmi aris erTi fraza: sulxan-sabam

ìspaanidan miiRo Tavisi werilis pasuxi, romelic xel-mwifem (vaxtang VI _ e.m.) gamougzavna~4. i. tabaRuas miaC-

1 iqve, gv. 148. 2 iqve, gv. 83. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 314. 4 iqve, gv. 312.

365

nia, rom aq laparakia vaxtangis mier safrangeTis

mefisadmi riSaris xeliT gagzavnil werilze1. magram

riSaris werilSi sul sxva ramea naTqvami. riSari

mokled moaxsenebs ministrs Tavis mogzaurobaze

saqarTveloSi, awvdis ramdenime cnobas sulxan-sabas

pirovnebaze, mis did avtoritetze saqarTveloSi da

iqve, sxvaTa Soris ambobs, rom sulxan-sabam vaxtangisa-

gan sapasuxo werili miiRoo. ar Cans, rom riSarma

werili TviTon gadasca adresats. Mmagram igi garkveviT

miuTiTebs, rom am werilis miRebis Semdeg sabam jero-

vani siyvaruli gamoxata safrangeTisa da misi warmo-

madgenlis mimarT. stumrisadmi pativiscemis mizniT,

sabam misi Sav zRvamde gacileba moisurva. sayuradRe-

boa, rom riSari jer ar laparakobs sulxan-sabas gan-

zraxvaze dasavleT evropaSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb.

maSasadame, sabas jer sabolood ar gadaewyvita wavi-

doda Tu ara2. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, verc imas ga-

viziareb, TiTqos ~misioners qalaq gorSi dasWirda iq

masTan Semxvduri sulxan-saba orbelianis guliTadi

Txovnis dakmayofileba da ase misi Tan wayvana safran-

geTs~3.

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom vaxtang VI sulxan-sabas

weriliT acnobebda Tavis gegmaze _ dakavSireboda sa-

frangeTis samefo kars. Mmagram masSi araferi iyo naTq-

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, I, gv. 149-150.

2 ix. leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani // sulxan-saba orbe-

liani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 400; gabaSvili v., sulxan-saba or-

beliani rogorc diplomati // sulxan-saba orbeliani. 1658-

1958. saiubileo krebuli, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 71. 3 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos poli-

tikuri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 40.

366

vami qarTlis samefos warmomadgenlis gagzavnaze sa-

frangeTSi. Aase rom saeWvoa i. tabaRuas naTqvami, TiT-

qos vaxtangi da sulxan-saba adre iyvnen SeTanxmebulni

am ukanasknelis diplomatiuri misiiT dasavleT evro-

paSi gamgzavraebis Sesaxeb1. SeiZleba vaxtangs ainte-

resebda sulxan-sabas azri, ukeTesi xom ar iqneboda

qarTveli kaci xleboda safrangeTis mefes da aseTi ka-

ndidatis SerCevasac avalebda.

amden varaudTan erTad erTic davuSvaT. sabam vax-

tangs werili gaugzavna da Txova misTvis miendo am

sapasuxismgeblo misiis Sesruleba. Aimave dros igi

frang diplomats arafers eubneboda vaxtangTan

werilis gagzavnaze, manamde, vidre Tavis mefisagan

pasuxs ar miiRebda. amitom ver daveTanxmebi v. gabaSvi-

lis varauds, damyarebuls d. lengis naSromze, rom

sulxan-sabam vaxtangisagan damoukideblad gadawyvta

safrangeTSi wasvla2.

imisaTvis, raTa svimonis mier riSarisaTvis gayo-

lebul dacvas araferi eeWva, sulxan-sabam, viTom riSa-

risadmi didi pativiscemis gamo, misi Sav zRvamde ga-

cileba moindoma. saba vaxtangis pasuxs eloda ispa-

anidan. Mman, albaT, yvelaferi iRona imisaTvis, rom

riSari, rac SeiZleboda, didxans Seeyovnebina dasavleT

saqarTveloSi.

riSaris mier stambolidan torsisadmi gagzavnili

werilidan irkveva, rom mas 40 (!) dRe dauyvia dasavleT


I, gv. 150. 2 gabaSvili v., sulxan-saba orbeliani rogorc diplomati,

gv. 71.

367

saqarTveloSi kaTalikos grigolTan1. kaTalikosma

riSars Txova, mis samwymsoSi misionerebis misvli-

saTvis Seewyo xeli. Aam saqmis mosagvareblad kaTa-

likosma riSars Tavisi erTi beri gaayola, romelic

misionerebs Camoiyvanda saqarTveloSi2. sxva, kerZod,

sabas momaval mogzaurobaze an politikuri xasiaTis

sakiTxebze molaparakeba maSin ar und yofiliyo.

riSari, Tavis saqmianobas dasavleT saqarTveloSi

gadmogvcems Semdegnairad: `samegreloSi im patriarqTan 40 dRe davrCi. Zriel kargi xasiaTis da gonieri kacia, kaTolike sarwmunoebis siyvaruliT da Cemis pativis-cemiT bevr gzis mexvewa, raTa misTvis momeyvana misi-onerebi. Mmec mis mravalgzis ganmeorebul vedrebas uari veRar vuTxari da amitom vikisre es mondobiloba. Mmas ra vacnobe es Cemi Tanxmoba, momando wameyvana xsenebuli monazoni (daviTi _ e.m.)~3.

kaTalikosi grigoli rom mxolod misionerebis

gagzavnas iTxovda Tavis samwymsoSi, amas adasturebs

sulxan-sabas da riSaris mier lui XIV-saTvis war-

dgenili moxseneba. àm episkoposs (kaTalikosi grigoli – e.m.), _ naTqvamia moxsenebaSi, _ Zriel didi xania vicnobT saTno kacad, roca mis provinciaSi gamoviare, didi vedrebiT Semevedra, raTa rva anu aTi misioneri


gv. 314; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsa-

cavebSi, I, gv. 152. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv 153-154. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 314-315, 724-725.

368

vTxovo maT xelmwifebas, romelic cnobilia mTel aRmosavleTSi yvela misioneris mfarvelad da Semwed~1.

moyvanili citatidan gamomdinare, saeWvoa, rom

sulxan-sabas Tundac kaTolikos grigolisaTvis gaendo

Tavisi ganzraxva. dasazustebelia i. tabaRuas varaudi,

rom `sulxan-saba da riSari xvdebodnen dasavleT sa-qarTvelos saero da sasuliero moRvaweebs da SeZle-bisdagvarad acnobdnen maT vaxtangis gegemebsa da sulxan-sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebis mizans~2. misaRebad mimaCnia m. papaSvilis mosazreba, rom es ar SeiZleboda

momxdariyo, sifrTxilis gamo3. isic gasaTvaliswinebe-

lia, rom maSin jer kidev gadawyvetili ar iyo gaemgza-

vreboda Tu ara saba evropaSi. gadawyvetileba miRe-

buli iqna maSin, roca man dasavleT saqarTveloSi

(konkretulad sad cnobili ar aris) vaxtangisagan

miiRo werili, romelSic misi Tanxmoba iyo safran-

geTSi sabas gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg sabam ri-

Sars gaando Tavisi gulisnadebi. Jan riSari wers: àm dros miiRo ra werili vaxtangisagan, macnoba me su-rvili, romelic yovelTvis hqonda, enaxa misi udide-bulesoba da miTxra, rom ver naxavda ukeTes SemTxvevas. saWiro iyo rom me ameRo Cem Tavze zrunva mis Sesaxeb, Tu me igi miyvarda da Tu visurvebdi meRiarebina is samsaxuri, romelic man gauwia misiebs~4.

1 iqve, gv. 322. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi,

I, gv. 152. 3 papaSvili m., dasavleTSi sulxan-saba orbelianTan erTad

daviT megrelis diplomatiuri misiiT gagzavnis Sesaxeb. //

saqarTvelo_evropa_amerika, 1, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 46. 4 Sdr. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa So-

ris gv. 312, 723: `didi xania xelmwifes (ludovikes) naxva

369

g. leoniZes ratomRac miaCnda, rom sulxan-sabam

riSars gorSi gaando evropaSi wasvlis survili. igi

amis gamo werda: `gavixsenoT gulis aRmZvreli suraTi q. goridan sabas evropaSi gamgzavrebisa. misioneri ri-Sari agviwers, Tu ganSorebis ambavma ra mZime STabeW-dileba moaxdina dedofalze da saerTod samefo kar-ze~1. riSaris werilidan ki, romelsav imowmebs g. le-

oniZe, sruliad sxvas vigebT: sulxan-sabas am gadawy-

vetilebaze misma msaxurebma mis naTesavebsa da vaxtang

VI-is ojaxs dasavleT saqarTvelodan acnobes2. aseve

saeWvoa, rom sabam saqarTveloze gamavali savaWro

gzis Sesaxeb Tavis mosazrebani gorSi gauziara ri-

Sars3. axali gzis Sesaxeb riSari laparakobs mas

Semdeg, roca is amTavrebs Txrobas dasavleT saqarT-

velos kaTalikosze4.

imis Tqma, zustad sad gaando sabam Tavisi gan-

zraxva riSars, Savi zRvis sanapiroze Tu sxvagan,

cnobili werilibiTi wyaroebiT ar xerxdeba. cxadia,

rom es moxda dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

frangi diplomati gaocebuli unda darCeniliyo

sulxan-sabas mier moulodnelad gamoTqmuli survi-

minda da ukeTesi SemTxveva ar meqnebao da amitom mTxova, _

ambobs riSari, _ Tu Cemi siyvaruli gaqvs da an rac amagi

misionerebs mivage, Tu damifaso, Tan wamiyvaneo~ gv. 312, 723. 1 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. sulxan-saba orbeliani,

Txzulebani, I, gv. 395. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 313. 3 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. sulxan-saba orbeliani,


gv. 313.

370

liT, Tanac sabas mizani bundovani iyo: `xelmwifis naxva minda da ukeTesi SemTxveva ar meqnebao~. riSarma, albaT, amis meti ar icoda, Torem dawvrilebiT mis-

werda ministrs. is pirdapir Tu ara gadakvriT mainc

mianiSnebda ministrs sabas safrangeTSi vizitis moti-

vis Sesaxeb. riSari xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom saba

vaxtangis miTiTebiT moqmedebs. àm dros (dasavleT saqarTveloSi) aman vaxtangisagan werili miiRo da gamomicxada didi xania xelmwifis (ludovike) naxva minda ukeTesi SemTxveva ar meqnebao~ _ wers riSari.

savsebiT marTali iyo g. leoniZe, rodesac aRniS-

navda: „raki sabas evropaSi gamgzavreba arsebiTad eranisa da eranofiluri partiis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, cxadia, sabas didi sifrTxile da konspira-cia sWirdeboda~1. imisaTvis raTa vaxtangs mosalod-

neli uaryofiTi Sedegebi ascileboda, sabas iseTi

STabeWdileba unda moexdina vaxtangis mowinaaRmdege

reaqcioner Tavadaznaurobaze, iranisa da osmaleTis

mmarTvelebze, TiTqos is Tavisi mefis daukiTxavad

gaipara evropaSi. saba stambolidan ponSartrenisaTvis

gagzavnil werilSi pirdapir acxadebda: `Cemi aq yofna grZlad ar varga misTvis rom vin icis Tu Cemi ram iTqva da sajarod gamovida, mravali saqme waxdeba~2. sabas es sityvebi mxolod ministris aCqarebas ar isa-

xavda miznad. isini realur viTarebasac asaxavda. ar

unda gaxmaurebuliyo sabas mogzauroba evropaSi vax-

tangis mfarvelTa mosaZieblad.

1 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. sulxan-saba orbeliani,


gv. 331; leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. sulxan-saba

orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 400.

371

sulxan-saba marselSi

1714 wlis 22 ianvars sulxan-saba da misi Tanamg-

zavrebi marselSi Cavidnen da ori Tve darCnen. am qala-

qidan propaganda fideSi gagzavnili weriliT (1714 w. 14

marti) sulxan-sabam erT-erT kardinals acnobnda im

miznebis Sesaxeb, risTvisac is lui XIV-is naxvas iyo

mowadinebuli. kerZod: 1. safrangeTis mefes gadasces

vaxtangisaTvis gagzavnili werilebis pasuxi; 2. emT-

xvios lui XIV-is fexs; 3. safrangeTis mefem brZanos

ufro meti patrebi Cavidnen saqarTveloSi; 4. masve Ses-

wevs Zala daexmaros vaxtang mefes gaTavisufldes Sa-

his tyveobidan. 5. vaxtangi Tu Tavisuflebas moipovebs

da Tavis qveyanaSi dabrundeba, is kaTolikobasTan `gu-nebiT da siyvaruliT~ axlos myofi kidev ufro gaaZ-

lierebs am sarwmunoebas.

sulxan-sabam icis, rom romSi dainteresebuli ari-

an im sakiTxebiT, romlis mogvarebac man parizsa da

versalSi unda scados, magram darwmunebuli ar aris

Tavis warmatebaSi. amitom diplomati Tavisi weriliT

ukavSirdeba im kardinals, romelic xelmZRvanelobs

kapucini patrebis saqarTveloSi gagzavnas, romlisT-

visac sulerTi ar aris rogori warmatebiT warimar-

Teba kaTolikuri propaganda da rogori iqneba kapuci-

nebis mdgomareoba aRmosavleTSi.

sulxan-sabas unda propaganda fides kardinali

weriliT aamoqmedos vaxtang mefisaTvis sasikeTod, ke-

rZod, iSuamdgomlos papTan, xolo am ukanasknelma ki

lui XIV-sTan vaxtang mefis dasaxmareblad. ès vici, _ wers sulxan-saba, _ Tu ufrosad wmida mama Cveni (papi – e.m.) Tavis Svils francisis mefes tkbilad aswavlis da francisis mefe moindomebs Cuens mefes (vaxtangi –

372

e.m.) eSveleba. Tu am wyalobas gvizamT CuenTvis didi saqme iqmneba. rom me movale var qarTvelTaTvis~1.

sulxan-sabas, mis uaxloes mrCevels da damxmares

_ Jan riSars kargad esmodaT, rom rodesac vaxtangis

gaTavisuflebisTvis awuxebdnen da kvlavac Seawuxeb-

dnen safrangeTisa da romis umaRles xelisufalT,

samagierod unda SeeTavazebina raime iseTi mniSvnelo-

vani, romelic gamoiwvevda maT dainteresebas saqarTve-

loTi. savaraudoa, vaxtang mefem amgvari uflebamo-

sileba misca jer riSars, romelsac werilebi gaatana

safrangeTis mefesTan, Semdeg ki masTan erTad gamgzav-

rebul sulxan-sabas.

safrangeTis xelisuflebisaTvis SesaTavazebeli po-

litikuri da ekonomiuri winadadebis Sedgenis aucile-

bloba elCebma marselSive igrZnes da swored am qa-

laqSi yofnisas Seiqmna uaRresad saintereso dokumenti

_`memorandumi~2. igi Seadgina marselis vaWrobisa da

galerebis intendantma d’arnum sulxan-sabas TxovniTa

da misi uSualo monawileobiT3.

dokumentis preambulaSi vkiTxulobT: `memorandumi Sesaxeb imisa, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba romis kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis, aseve rogorc vaWrobis dasa-myareblad saqarTveloSi da im xalxebTan, romlebic maT mezoblad arian; iseve rogorc mefis Zalauflebisa


gv. 315. 2 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istorii-

dan, I, gv. 211-238 3 iqve, gv. 238, Sen. 2. `memorandumi~ vrclad ganixiles i. taba-

Ruam, saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis

pirveli meoTxedi), Tbilisi, 1972, gv. 183-206 da m. papaSvilma,

saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri urTierTobani, gv. 45-51.

373

da safrangeTis vaWrobis gaZlierebisaTvis levantSi da aRmosavleTSi, kerZod TurqebTan da iranelebTan~1.

memorandumSi Cadebuli mosazrebebi da winadadebe-

bi gamiznuli iyo safrangeTis mTavrobis dasaintere-

seblad da dasarwmuneblad aRmosavleTSi sarfiani

vaWrobis sawarmoeblad da im rolze romelsac saqar-

Tvelo iTamaSebda am uaRresad mniSvnelovan saqmeSi.

marTalia, iranis mTavrobas safrangeTTan vaWrobis di-

di survili hqonda, magram arc erT dokumentSi, ro-

melSic aisaxa es sakiTxi, ar Cans konkretulad

saqarTvelos, rogorc iranis vasalis mniSvneloba. Sa-

his kari sxvadasxva werilobiTi mimarTvebiT cdilobda

gaeaqtiurebina safrangeTis mTavroba da vaWrebi 1708

wlis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis

Sesasruleblad, zogjer muqarasac ki mimarTavda. ro-

gorc pier d’isudeni graf dezalors swerda, iranis

zogierTi maRali rangis moxele imuqreboda, rom Tu

safrangeTi pirobas ar Seasrulebda da iranTan maRal

doneze ar daiwyebda vaWrobas, iranidan gandevmidnen

misionerebs2.

memorandumi Seicavs safrangeTisa da iranis urTi-

erTobis Semdeg umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebs (gavecnoT im

TanmimdevrobiT rogorc aris memorandumSi):

1. kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis gavrceleba saqarTve-

losa da mis mezobel xalxebSi, rac moqmedebas gauad-

vilebda frangebs kavkasiaSi;

2. saqarTveloze gamavali Savi zRva-kaspiis zRvis

damakavSirebeli gzis gamoyeneba frang vaWrebs miscems


I, gv. 211. 2 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istorii-

dan, I, gv. 111.

374

saSualebas daukavSirdnen ara mxolod abreSumiT mdi-

dar aRmosavleT kaspiispireTs, imave dros am gzaze

saqonlis gadatana bevrad iafi dajdeba, vidre osma-

leTis gzebiT sargeblobisas. igi xelsayreli iqneba

iranTan da indoeTTan dasakavSirebladac. dasaxelebul

qveynebSi gabatonebul holandiel da inglisel vaWrebs

frangebi imdenad dajabnian, rom maTi vaWroba TandaTan

daqveiTdeba, samagierod gamdidrdebian frangebi da ma-

TTan erTad saqarTvelos mefe da misi qveyana. rogorc

memarundumSia naTqvami, ingliselebi, holandielebi da

somxebi cdilobdnen, SeenarCunebinaT savaWro monopo-

lia iranSi da iZulebuli gaexadaT Sahi gaeuqmebina

1708 wlis seqtembris xelSekruleba safrangeTTan, ma-

gram maT marcxi ganicades1. d’arnus eWvi ar epareba,

rom sulxan-sabas mier SeTavazebuli winadadebebi ira-

nuli abreSumis saqarTvelos gziT dasavleT evropaSi

gatanis Sesaxeb iyo cda, rom safrangeTis mTavroba

daeinteresebina imdenad, rom mas daexsna vaxtang mefe

romelic xels Seuwyobda da daexmareboda frangebs

proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi. d’arnus eWvi ar

epareba, rom sulxan-sabas frangebisTvis SeTavazebuli

ès winadadeba ar wamouyenebia misi vaxtangisaTvis Se-

tyobinebis gareSe~2. samwuxarod ar aris cnobili su-

lxan-saba ra gziTa da saSualebiT inarCunebda kavSirs

vaxtang mefesTan.

winaswarmetyveluri iyo d’arnus mosazreba da igi

amis Sesaxeb werda kidec, `rom sulxan-sabam da TviTon vaxtangma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom Tu mefis (lui XIV-e.m.) daxmareba ar moutanda mas im efeqts, romelzedac

1 iqve, gv. 132 2 iqve, gv. 215.

375

isini imeds amyarebdnen. mas SeeZlo cudi Sedegi moe-

tana misTvis~1. Jan riSari Tavis erT-erT werilSi laparakobs im

gzis Sesaxeb, romelic gadioda guriis samTavros

teritoriaze. am gziT SeiZleboda Casvla gilanamde im

tradiciuli gzis _ trapizonis, axalcixis, arzrumis

da bender-abasis gavlis gareSe, e.i. osmaleTis samf-

lobeloebis gverdis avliT. am gziT waRebuli ab-

reSumi da sanTeli, romlebic uxvad moipoveba am

mxareSi, SeiZleboda konstantinopolSi gayiduliyo

50%-iani mogebiT2.

parizidan iranSi mimavali xuTi gzidan, rogorc i.

tabaRua wers, erTi saqarTveloze gadida. es iyo pa-

rizidan konstantinopolis gavliT. osmaleTis sataxt-

odan ori sxvadasxvadsxva gziT SeiZleboda iranSi Ca-

svla. erTi gadioda anatoliaze, meore ki samegreloze.

samegrelos gza iwyeboda konstantinopolidan, gaivli-

da kafaafxazeT-samegrelos Savi zRvis sanapiro sam-

egreloTbilisierevaniTavriziyazviniqaSaniis-

fahani3. saqarTveloze gamavali gza, rom mniSvnelovnad

amcirebda manZils parizidan ispaanamde gansakuTrebiT

naTeli gaxda maSin, rodesac sulxan-sabam d’arnus wa-

rudgina, am ukanasknelis TxovniT Sedgenili ruka. erT-

erTma iranelma vaWarmac daastura, rom saqarTveloze

gamavali gza uaRresad xelsayreli iqneboda frangi va-

WrebisaTvis. Semaxadan Sav zRvamde da Savi zRvidan

konstantinopolamde saqonlis Catanas daWirdeboda 26

1 iqve, gv. 215; tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTo-

ba, gv. 189. 2 iqve, gv. 150. 3 iqve, gv. 61.

376

dRe, maSin, rodesac Zveli, tradiciuli gziT saWiro

iyo samTvenaxevari1.

1 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istorii-

dan, I, gv. 216. frangebi, rom seriozulad iyvnen daintere-

sebuli saqarTveloze gamavali gzis iranTan da vaWro-

bisaTvis gamoyenebiT, santereso cnobebi Semogvinaxes Tbi-

lisisa da goris misiebSi moRvawe kapuCinma misionerebma.

safrangeTis mTavroba cdilobda franciskaneli berebi

kviprosidan gadmoeyvana saqarTveloSi, xolo kapuCinebi,

romlebic ZiriTadad italieli berebi iyvnen, gadaeyvanaT

kviprosze. kapuCinebis misionis prefeqtis serafino da

melikokas 1674 wlis 18 oqtombers wm. kongregacia de

propaganda fidesaTvis Tbilisidan gagzavnil werilSi

vkiTxulobT: `frangebs surT, rom Cveni es [Tbilisisa da

goris] misionebi miiRon, raTa maTma sovdagrebma aq ad-

vilad ivaWron. aseve surT savaWro gza gakvalon Savi

zRviT samegrelomde, aqedan aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gav-liT sparseTamde. Tumca ufalma vaWrebs aqeT gza dauketa,

rom aq metad ar Semoixedon~. Archivio di Propaganda Fide,

Scritture Riferite nel Congressi, Giorgia 1626-1707, vol I, ff. 178 r-179 v. evropuli wyaroebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb (XVII saukunis

ukanaskneli meoTxedi), gv. 49. igive prefeqti 1674 wlis 29

oqtombers wm. kongregacia `de propaganda fides~ kar-

dinal prefeqtisadmi Tbilisidan gagzavnil werilSi

natrobs: `netav, ufalma gza daugmanos aqeT frang vaWrebs,

rom isini aq [saqarTveloSi] arasodes gamoCndnen... aseve

frang vaWrebs surT, rom es misioni sakuTar ers mou-

povon, raTa gakvalon savaWro gza konstantinopolidan

samegrelomde, aqedan saqarTvelomde1 da Semdeg _ sparse-

Tamde1 . maSin ukve amas misioni ar erqmeva~. iqve, gv. 57-58.

377

rogorc vnaxeT, pier d’isudenis xelmZRvanelobiTa

da sulxan-sabas da Jan riSaris monawileobiT Sed-

genil memorandumSi mniSvnelovani adgili hqonda daT-

mobili saqarTvelos, magram man asaxva ver hpova saf-

rangeT-iranis 1715 wlis 13 agvistos xelmoweril axal

savaWro xelSekrulebaSi. ufro metic saqarTvelo ig-

norirebulia am dokumentSi, rac, unda momxdariyo

Sahis karis moTxovniT. dokumentSi Cans, rom frangi

vaWrebi saqarTveloSi an saerTod ar unda Semosu-

liyvnen, an, Tu Semovidodnen, isini did xans ver

gaCerdebodnen, radgan xelSekrulebis erT-erTi muxlis

mixedviT, Sahi valdebulebas kisrulobda gaeca brZa-

neba, rom frangi vaWrebisaTvis miecaT iranSi, spar-

seTis yuris navsadgurebSi, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos

sazRvarze sacxovreblad iseTi saxlebi, romlebsac

isini gamoiyenebdnen savaWro kontorebad da maRazi-

ebad1. gamodis, rom frangebs SeeZloT evaWraT saqarT-

velo-iranis sazRvrispira raionebSi, sadac isini did-

xans ver gaCerdebodnen, Tu maT qarTvelebi ver Seuq-

mnidnen cxovrebisa da komerciisaTvis saWiro pirobebs.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am dros vaxtang mefe Sahis

tyveobaSi imyofeboda da, saerTodac, aRmosavleT sa-

qarTveloSi ar iyo ekonomikuri da politikuri situ-

acia imdagvari, rom frangi vaWrebis moTxovnilebebi

dakmayofilebuliyo2.

3. memorandumSi gaTvaliswinebulia iranisa da os-

maleTis uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamovlena saqarT-

1 axalaZe n., iran-saqarTvelos urTierToba da saqarTvelo

XVIII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi Tbilisi, 1990, gv. 51. 2 qvemoT gamoCndeba safrangeTis mTavroba rogori konfor-

tuli pirobebis Seqmnas moiTxovda frangebisaTvis, rodesac

isini saqarTveloSi iqnebodnen.

378

velo-safrangeTis kavSirisadmi; gaTvaliswinebulia vax-

tang mefis samxedro potencia1; safrangeTi Tu SesZlebs

kavkasielebis gaerTianebas erT religiaSi (ra Tqma

unda kaTolikurSi!) saqarTvelos meTaurobiT, maSin

`veraviTari Zala msoflioSi ver SesZlebda maT ganad-gurebas, maTi mdgomareobis upiratesobis gamo kavkasiis mTebSi, romlebic maT Tanabrad akravT erTi da meore mxridan da SesaZlebelia isini TviTon gaxdnen saSiSi orive (iraneli da Turqi _ e.m.) xalxisaTvis...~2

4. memorandumis avtorebs gacnobierebuli aqvT,

rom saqarTvelo teqnikuri ganviTarebis mxriv seriozu-

lad CamorCeba evropas. maT ganizraxes saframgeTis

daxmarebiT am xarvezis gamosworeba. `maT SeiZleboda eswavlaT raime xelovneba an xelosnoba, romelic maT akliaT, rogoricaa, kerZod, (liTonis – e.m.) dnoba da zarbaznebis (gakeTeba – e.m.), gvarjilis warmoeba, denTis da cecxlsasroli iaraRis damzadeba; ician ra maT ukve rkinis dnoba, romelic uxvad aqvT; aseve gvarjilac, romlis naxevrad gawmenda maT ician; rom maT SeeZloT amasTanave hyolodaT ramdenime inJineri; da rom amave dros maT SeeZloT iswavlon samxedro disciplina da is, Tu ranairad ibrZvian da icaven adgilebs evropaSi~3;

5. mwvaved daayenes adamianebiT vaWrobs akrZal-

vis sakiTxi, romelic, rogorc xazgasmulia memorandum-

Si, gansakuTrebiT mZvinvarebda dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

kerZod, samegrelosa da guriaSi. memorandumis avtorebi

am naklis aRmofxvris saqmeSi gansakuTrebul adgils

aniWebdnen kaTolike misionerebs.

1 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba, gv. 220-221. 2 iqve, gv. 222. 3 iqve.

379

6. saqarTvelo ganicdida evropuli ganaTlebis

mqone adamianebis naklebobas. am xarvezis aRmofxvra

Tavis Tavze unda aeRo safrangeTis xelisuflebas.

qarTveli axalgazrdebs waiyvandnen, saxedro saqmeSi

ganaTlebs miscemdnen, gawvrTnidnen da ukan daabrune-

bdnen samSobloSi. `roca es azri gamoTqmul iqna su-

lxan-sabasTan saubarSi, man dagvidastura, _ wers d’arnu, _ rom dawyebuli am qveynis yvelaze didi batonebidan yvela gagzavnida Tavis Svilebs safran-

geTSi didi siamovnebiT da sakuTari TaosnobiT, raTa miiRon ganaTleba da Camoyalibdnen frangebis msgavsad da SeZlon SemdegSi gaanaTlon da Camoayalibon isini, vinc darCeboda qveyanaSi, rogorc ki isini iq da-

brundebodnen; da sulxan-sabam garda amisa, dasZina, rom isini ganixilavdnen aseT proeqts, rogorc [saf-

rangeTis] mefis RvTismosaobis, misi bunebrivi midre-

kilebis Sedegs...~1 `memorandumSi~, sulxan-sabas inicativiT, xazi ga-

esva im garemoebas Tu, rogor didi mniSvneloba

SeiZleboda SeeZina momavalSi safrangeTis saxelmwi-

fos sagareo politikisaTvis vaxtang mefes, amis Sesa-

xeb aRniSnulia dokumentis dasawyissa da dasasruls.

pier d’arnu wers: `Tumca, rogorc Cans, sulxan-sabam Tavis mogzauroba safrangeTSi wamoiwyo mxolod saku-

Tari gulis wadiliT, mis winadadebebs da mis zraxvebs, aseve is, rac SeiZleba Camoyalibdes amasTan dakavSi-

rebiT, SeeZloT mainc gvgonia, daeTmo adgili erT-erTi didi proeqtisaTvis, romelic SeiZleboda Sedgenili iyo Tanamedrove viTarebaSi, raTa gavrcelebuliyo ro-

mis kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba, gaexsna srulad axali ga-

1 memorandumSi axalgazrdebis frangul yaidaze aRzrdis sa-

kiTxze, ix. iqve, gv. 224-228.

380

saqani (vaxtang _ e.m.) mefis didebisaTvis Tavisi Zal-Ronisa da bunebrivi midrekilebis mixedviT, daxmare-

boda ubedurebaSi Cavardnil (qarTvel _ e.m.) mTavrebs, gaeZlierebina mis (lui XIV – e. m.) qveSevrdomTa vaWroba, Zirs daeca holandielebis vaWroba, romlis Zlierebac amis gamo bevrad Semcirdeboda, gaewia misTvis konkurencia indoeTSi, saidanac maT gamoaqvT mTeli maTi simdidre, mowiwebaSi hyoloda iq portuga-

lielebi, aeZulebina iq ingliselebi eSinodeT da pa-

tivsa gvcemdnen Cven da aseve iyolion Turqebi da iranelebi erTgvar damokidebulebaSi~1

sulxan-saba parizSi

1714 wlis 21 marts sulxan-saba orbeliani, daviT

megreli da Jan riSari parizSi Cavidnen. sabam sen-la-

zaris monasterSi dabinavda2.

25 marts sulxan-sabam mefesTan warsadgenad ponSa-

rtrens gadasca Tavisi saxeliT Sedgenili memorandumi,

romelSic naTqvami iyo: vaxtangis iranSi dakavebul

mdgomareobaSi yofna mTel saqarTvelos gamusli-

manebiT emuqreba. magram Tu is samSobloSi dabrundeba,

maSin saqarTvelo ara mxolod qristianad darCeba,

aramed kaTolikobasac aRiarebs. igi kaTolike misio-

nerebs daexmareba CerqezeTis gakaTolikebaSi. mas co-

lad hyavs CerqezeTis mTavris erT-erTi qaliSvili.

vaxtangis ganTavisuflebisaTvis saWiroa iranSi Cavides

safrangeTis mefis rwmunebuli, romelic moagvarebs am


I, gv. 211-212, 232-237. 2 tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba, gv. 173.

381

saqmes. vaxtang mefis gasaTavisufleblad saWiro iqneba

300 aTasi ekiu, romelic mas ar gaaCnia.

sulxan-saba mefes Txovda daekmayofilebina

imereTis kaTalikosis survili da misTvis gaegzavna 8

an 10 misioneri. kaTalikoss ganzraruxuli hqonda

SeerTeboda papis wminda taxts da misionerebTan erTad

moqcia abxazebi. imave dros, sulxan-sabas azriT, lui

XIV-s SeeZlo eTxova SahisaTvis, rom is Careuliyo

saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeSi da ebrZanebina maTTvis

vinc vaxtangis tyveobis dros ganagebdnen saqarTvelos,

kerZod maT miiRon zomebi, raTa frangma vaWrebma,

romlebic isargebleben iqauri gziT TavianTi saqonlis

iranSi Casatanad, gaiaron sruliad uSiSrad da

yovelgvari Seferxebis gareSe1.

1714 wlis 25 marts sulxan-sabam samaxsovro ba-

raTi gadasca saxelmwifo ministrs, graf de ponSar-

trens imperatorisaTvis warsadgenad. qarTvel diplo-

mats daerwmunebina imperatori, rom vaxtang mefis pa-

timrobidan daxsa orive qveynis _ saqarTvelos da

safrangeTis interesebSia. Tu ver moxerxdeba vaxtang

mefis gamoxsna ispaanidan, maSin saqarTvelos gamah-

madianebis safrTxe daemuqreba. is Tu dabrundeba sam-

SobloSi saqarTvelo ara mxolod qristianul qveynad

darCeba, aramed Tavisi mefis mibaZviT, romelic ka-

Tolikobisadmi dadebiTad aris ganwyobili, misi qve-

Sevrdomebic kaTolikobas aRiareben. sulxan-sabas sit-

1 Brosset M., Dokuments originaux sur les relations diplomtiques de la Géorgie

avec la France vers la fin du régnee de Louis XIV // Nouveau Journal Asi-

atique~. Psris, 1832, t. IX, pp. 347-351. citirebulia: tabaRua i.,

saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis pirve-

li meoTxedi), gv. 175-177. ix. agreTve: TamaraSvili m., isto-

ria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 321-322.

382

yvebiT vaxtangi Tavis ubedurebas miawers imas, rom man

daagviana kaTolikobaze gadasvla. igi am Secdomas

gamoasworebs umalve roca Tavis samefoSi darundeba.

mas, am mxriv, farTe gegma aqvs: daexmareba misionerebs

kaTolikoba miaRebinon CerqezeTs, romlis mTavris

asuli mas colad hyavs. kaTolikobis gavrceleba

mTel msoflioSi xom safrangeTis mefis mizanic aris.

ase, rom qarTveli diplomatis sityvebidan ise gamodis,

rom lui XIV-s da vaxtang VI-s kaTolikobis gavr-

celebis Sesaxeb erTnairi miznebi aqvT.

sulxan-sabas arc Tavisi Rvawli aviwydeba: ès di-di mogzauroba me wamoviwye mxolod am xalxebis xsni-saTvis da movedi, raTa davemxo eklesiis ufrosi Svi-lis fexqveS, raTa man gaugzavnos werili iranel dide-bulebs da misces dapirebebi, raTa maT daabrunon vax-

tangi mis samefoSi, rac maTTvisac sasikeTo iqneba.

isini safrangeTisgan verafers miiReben sasikeTos vax-

tangis uvnebelad da janmrTelad Tavis samefoSi dab-

runebamde~. sulxan-sabas mxedvelobaSi hqonda frange-

bis pasiuroba iranTan vaWrobis gafarToebisaTvis, ra-

Sic gadamwyveti roli unda eTamaSa safrangeTis mTav-

robas.

amis Semdeg qarTveli diplomati gadadis im praq-

tikul nabijebze, romlebic aucilebelia vaxtangis

gasaTavisufleblad: `300.000 ekiu aucilebelia da sak-marisi, magram romeli mxridan SeuZlia daimsaxuros saqarTvelos mefem es wyaloba?~ _ svams kiTxvas sul-

xan-saba da pasuxobs kidec ise, rogorc fiqrobda

vaxtang mefe. kerZod: arian mefeebi, romlebsac gaWirve-

bis Jams lui XIV daexmara da kvlavac exmareba. aseT

mdgomareobaSi imyofeba vaxtang mefe da igi ver SeZl-

ebs ùavgustuesi da metad didsulovani monarqis~ da-

383

xmarebis gareSe Tavisuflebis mopovebas da Tavis sa-

mefoSi dabrunebas.

`samaxsovroSi~ sulxan-sabam vaxtangis gaTavisu-

flebasTan daakavSira, misi gagebiT, iseTi mniSvnelo-

vani saqme, rogoric iyo `samegrelos patriarqis~

Txovna safrangeTis mefes samegreloSi gaegzavna 8-10

misioneri. patriarqis ganzraxvaa `SeuerTdes papis wmin-da taxts da imuSaos am misionerebTan erTad abazgebis moqcevisaTvis... man me gamomatana beri saxelad daviTi... romelmac mas unda Cauyvanos misionerebi...~ abazebis

WeSmarit RmerTamde miyvanis piroba aris ùzrunvel-yofil iqnas vaxtangis dabruneba Tavis samflobelo-ebSi~. magram iranis didebulebi, romlebsac didi ga-

vlena aqvT Sahze, arwmuneben mas, rom sefianebis inte-

resebSia ar dabrundes vaxtangi Tavis samefoSi. maTi

momxroba SeiZleba mxolod saCuqrebis saSualebiT, ro-

melic qarTlis mefes ar gaaCnia. misi daxmareba Seu-

Zlia mxolod safrangeTis mefes, romelsac SeuZlia

Tavisi sando kaci gagzavnos weriliT iranis batonebis

gulis mosagebad, `romliTac misi udidebulesoba Txovs (Sahs _ e.m.) ubrZanos maT vinc brZaneblobs saqarTveloSi, miiRon zomebi raTa frangebma, romlebic iq gaatareben TavianT saqonels iranSi wasaRebad, es gaakeTon sruliad uSiSrad~1.

parizSi sulxan-sabas hqonda ramdenime survili,

romelTa aRsrulebas is riSaris SuamavlobiT Txovda

lui XIV-is ministrsa da saxelmwifo mdivans graf de

ponSartrens. mas undoda parizSi yofnis dros ecxovra


I, gv. 182-185. sulxan-sabas `samaxsovro baraTi~ gamoqveynebu-

lia ramdenjerme. ix. i. tabaRuas SeniSvnebi iqve, gv. 185-186.

384

`saRvTo saxlSi~, hqoneboda viziti mefesTan da exila

parizis RirsSesaniSnaobani1.

ar aris cnobili pirvelad rodis miiRo lui XIV-

m sulxan-saba. Cemi azriT, es unda momxdariyo 1714

wlis 9 aprils, orSabaTs, RvTismSoblis dRes. amaze

migvaniSnebs safrangeTis mefis 9 aprilis dRis ganrigi,

sadac CamoTvlilia is mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi,

romlebSic monawileoba unda miiRos mefem. esenia: 1.

mefem moiwvia sagangebo sabWo, Semdeg moismina locvebi.

sabWosa da locvebs Sua iTaTbira de ponSartrenTan; 2.

diliT markizma de vilarma mefes Tavis kabinetSi

gadasca provinciis mmarTvelis werilobiTi fici; 3.

mefe daeswro naTlobis ceremonials; 4. mefis dRis

wesrigis dasasruls naTqvamia: `ramdenime dRea rac aq Camovida wm. basilis beri, saqarTvelos mefis biZa, romelic iTxovs [safrangeTis] mefis mfarvelobas am qveynis [saqarTvelos] kaTolikebisaTvis. is ar aris mRvdeli, vinaidan is iyo daqorwinebuli orjer. is ar laparakobs evropis arc erT enaze, magram mas Tan axlavs erTi frangi misioneri (Jan riSari _ i.t.), romelic misi Tarjimania~2. ratom unda yofiliyo mefis

dRis wesrigSi sulxan-sabas parizSi Casvlisa da misi

mokle biografiuli cnobebi Tu ki mefe mas ar mii-

Rebda konkretulad 9 aprils? amitom mgonia, rom sul-xan-sabas pirveli viziti lui XIV-sTan Sesdga swored orSabaTs, 9 aprils.

papi klimenti XI-is lui XIV-isaTvis gagzavnili

werilidan (1714 wlis 13 aprili), romelic sarekomenda-

cioc aris qarTveli elCis, sulxan-saba orbelianisa-


I, gv. 190. 2 iqve, gv. 198.

385

Tvis, raTa igi luim miiRos da mousminos, vigebT, rom

romSi mniSvnelovan imeds amyarebdnen kaTolikuri

sarwmunoebis warmatebaze saqarTveloSi Tuki jerovan

daxmarebas gauwevdnen vaxtang mefes. `rogorc ufro da-wvrilebiT Seityob, _ wers papi, _ mociqulisa, sar-wmunobrivi Svilisa, kacisa sulxan-saba orbelianisa berisagan, wminda basilis monastrisa, qarTvelTa imave mTavris naTesavTa, romelic am Cven werilebs Sen gadmogcems... amrigad, mas ise, rogorc Segefereba, wyalobiT mousmende, agreTve xsenebuli mTavris gaTa-visuflebaze saTanado Tanamdebobis pirebs gadaula-parakebde da Tqveni udidebulesobisagan uguliTades viTxovT... aSkarad mxars dauWerdiT...~1

papma imave sakiTxze kidev gaugzavna werili lui

XIV-s imave wlis 26 ivliss.

17 aprils Jan riSarma miiRo wminda kongregaciis

prefeqtis sakripantis werili romidan. masSi laparakia

kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebaze saqarTvelosa

da mis mezobel mxareebSi. amitom romSi elodebian

sulxan-sabas Casvlas. amave dros sulxan-sabas ugzav-

nian werils, romelic saswrafod unda gadaeces qar-

Tvel elCs, `romelsac eqneba pativi warudginos is mis udidebulesobas (lui XIV-s _ e.m.)~2.

papis imave werilis mokle Sinaarsi gadmocemulia

sxva werilSi, romelic Sedgenilia Jan riSaris mier.

masSi naTqvamia, rom papi Txovs lui XIV-s daexmaros

saqarTvelos mefes, romelic dakavebuli hyavT saparse-

1 iqve, gv. 200. papis mier safrangeTis mefisaTvis gagzavnil

amave werilis asli riSars gaugzavna de torsim. ar Cans

adresati visac acnobs papis werilis Sinaarss riSari imave

wlis aprilis Tavis erT-erT werilSi. iqve, gv. 210. 2 iqve, gv. 207-208.

386

lebs. igi Rirsia daxmarebisa Tundac imitom, rom Tavis

samflobeloebSi yovelTvis mfarvelobda misione-

rebs. vaxtang mefes ganzraxuli aqvs kidev ufro meti

daxmareba aRmouCinos misionerebs, rac kaTolikuri

sarwmunoebis farTed gavrcelebis parspeqtivas qmnis.

yovelive amis gageba SeuZlia mis udidebulesobas

sulxan-sabasgan, romelic mas Txovs mousminos `huma-

nurad~1.

grafma de ponSartrenma 1714 wlis 30 aprils saf-

rangeTis saxelmwifo mdivans sagareo saqmeebSi markiz

de torsis lui XIV-isaTvis naTargmn vaxtang mefis

werilTan erTad warudgina mosazrebebi, romlebSic

gamaxvilebulia yuradReba vaxtangis iranelTa xelidan

ganTavisuflebis Semdeg rogori perspeqtiva eqneba sa-

frangeT-saqarTvelos urTierTobas da safrangeT-iranis

vaWrobas.

ponSartrenis azriT sulxan-sabas misiis mizania:

1. rac SeiZleba bevri misioneri waiyvanos saqar-

TveloSi raTa Tavisi qveynis xalxi gaanaTlos kaTo-

likuri sarwmunoebis safuZvlebiT.

2. yvela frangi vaWari, romelic moisurvebs saqar-

TveloSi vaWrobas, an saqonlis gatanas saqarTvelos

mefeze daqvemdebarebul provinciebSi, an saqonels gag-

zavnis iranSi, maT am qveyanaSi gauweven mfarvelobas da

ar moakleben wyalobas.

3. sulxan-saba moiTxovs, rom misma udidebule-

sobam gauwios mfarveloba vaxtang mefes sefianebis

winaSe, raTa man SeZlos dabrundes Tavis samefoSi.

4, vaxtang mefem gadawyvita dasaxelebuli beri

(sulxan-saba _ e.m.) gagzavnos romSi, raTa iq gadawyvi-

1 iqve, gv. 210.

387

ton kaTolikuri misiebis sakiTxi. sulxan-saba romSi

gaemgzavreba riSaris TanxlebiT.

5. sulxan-sabas iTxovda, vidre safrangeTidan

gaemgzavreboda, mis udidebulesobas sanugeSebeli weri-

li gaegzavna vaxtangisaTvis

6. lui XIV-s uTqvams, rom kargi iqneboda, Tu saf-

rangeTis konsuli iranSi gavlenas moaxdenda Sahis

ministrebze, rom maT gaeiolebinaT vaxtangis mier

Tavisuflebis mopoveba.

7. lui XIV-is survilia eTxovos vaxtang mefes,

rom man gasces brZaneba saqarTveloSi Tavisi aryofnis

dros samefo-samTavroebis mflobelebi moeqcnen frang

vaWrebs mTeli im pativiscemiT, romelsac is pirdeba

safrangeTis xelisuflebas1.

amis Semdeg Jan riSarma miswera sulxan-saba or-

belians, rom man miaqcios yuradReba mefe lui XIV-is

naTqvams, romlic masTan SexvedriT kmayofili darCa,

misionerebis sakiTxze mimarTos paps da propaganda

fides kongregacias2.

1714 wlis maisSi Sedgenil iqna saqarTvelo-saf-

rangeTis SeTanxmebis proeqti, romelic Jan riSarma

sulxan-sabas saxeliT waradgina mTavrobas. saintere-

soa, rom qarTveli diplomati ar amJRavnebda saWiro

enTuziazms saqarTvelo-safrangeTs Soris raime xel-

Sekrulebis dadebisaTvis, radgan ar hqonda Tavisi

mefis rwmuneba amgvari xelSekrulebis dadebisaTvis,

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi daadasturebda yovelives,

1 iqve, gv. 261-262; Lang D. M., Georgian RelaTions With France during the

reing of Wakhtang VI (1711-24), p. 121; papaSvili Mm., saqarTvelos

sagareo politikuri urTierTobani, gv. 52. 2 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istori-

idan, I, gv. 264-265.

388

rasac misi biZa da diplomati gaakeTebda safrangeTSi.

miuxedava Tavisi mefisgan gamocxadebuli aseTi didi

ndobisa, wers riSari, sulxan-sabas mainc ar undoda

raime xelSekruleba daedo. amis Semdeg, CamoTvlilia

eqvsi muxli, romelic, marTalia ar aris aRniSnuli,

magram sulxan-sabasTan unda yofiliyo SeTanxmebuli,

romlebsa vaxtang mefe gaiziarebda. sruliad gasagebi

iyo qarTveli diplomatis mdgomareoba, romelmac ukve

icoda ra ainteresebda safrangeTis mTavrobas saqarT-

veloSi, magram mas ar hqonda saSualeba moTaTbireboda

mefes da gadawyvetileba ise mieRo.

jer gavecnoT xelSekrulebis muxlebs, ris Se-

mdegac naTeli gaxdeba, ratom ikavebda Tavs sulxan-

saba safrangeTTan amgvari xelSekrulebis dadebaze.

1. vaxtang VI miscems Sesaferis saxls safrangeTis

konsuls samefos dedaqalaq TbilisSi;

2. mefe Tavis xarjiT Seinaxavs konsuls da safran-

geTis yvela qveSevrdoms, romlebic Camovlen an gaiv-

lian saqarTveloSi;

3. saqarTvelos mefe daicavs frangebis mier saf-

rangeTidan saqarTveloSi Camotanil yvela saqonels da

imasac, romelsac isini am qveyanaSi gatareben iranSi

wasaRebad, an piriqiT;

4. is Tavis xarjiT frang vaWrebs waaRebinebda

yvela saqonels iranidan Sav zRvamde da Savi zRvidan

iranis sazRvramde;

5. mefe maT miscemda saWiro sawyobebs, rogorc

Savi zRvis sanapiroze, samegreloSi, aseve Tavis sam-

flobeloSi;

6. mefe frang vaWrebs miscemda saSualebas ewar-

moebinaT vaWroba abreSumiT, matyliT, cvoliT da sxva

389

saqonliT saqarTvelos mezobel CerqezebTan, mefis qve-

SevrdomebTan da megrelebTan1.

vfiqrob, sruliad gasagebia qarTveli diplomatis

TavSekaveba daedo xelSekruleba safrangeTTan. CamoTv-lili muxlebi kabaluria vaxtangisa da misi sa-mefosaTvis. xelSekrulebis arc erTi muxli ar iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos interesebs. erTi sityvac ki ar aris masSi vaxtang mefis gaTavisuflebis, misi samefos iranis agresiisgan dacvis, frangebis mier saqarTvelos teritoriaze an misi gavliT warmoebuli vaWrobidan raime sargeblis miRebis an sxva im sa-kiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Camoyalibebuli iyo zemoT-

ganxilul memorandumSi.

sulxan-sabam rom naklebi an saerTod araviTari

monawileoba miiRo dasaxelebuli saxelSekrulebo mux-

lebis SemuSavebaSi, rom isini Tavsmoxveuli iyo da

amas diplomati mkacrad an rbilad aprotestebda,

gamoCnda SemdegSi: ìs (sulxan-saba _ e.m.) mxolod

evedreba baton de ponSartrens keTili inebos da

misweros axlave mefis mxridan am princs (vaxtangs _

e.m.) da acnobos mas, rom misi udidebulesoba gan-

wyobilia Seumsubuqos mas yovelive, rasac igi SesZlebs

da rom amisTvis man gankarguleba gasca waiyvanon

sulxan-saba romSi, misi uwmindesoba papTan, raTa ma-

sTan erTad ganixilos, rac ufro ukeT Seefereba (vax-

tangis saqmes _ e.m.), vinaidan man aRniSna, rom mis

saqmeSi sakiTxi exeboda sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas.

batoni de ponSartrenis werili SeiZleba mieces frang

misioners (riSars _ e.m.) romelic dauyovnebliv unda

gaemgzavros iranSi~.

1 iqve, gv. 275-276.

390

sulxan-saba, agreTve evedreba ministr ponSar-

trens, rom riSarma, romelsac vaxtangi da sulxan-saba

endobian, awarmoos molaparakeba vaxtangTan da misces

amis uflebamosileba, rom papTan moTaTborebis Semdeg,

lui XIV-is brZanebis Sesabamisad dauyovnebliv

gaemgzavros iranSi saqarTvelos mefesTan1.

1714 wlis maisSi sulxan-saba meored miiRo saf-

rangeTis mefem. am Sexvedridan, samwuxarod, cnobilia

mxolod qarTveli diplomatis mefisadmi misalmeba da

Sesaferisi xotbis Sesxma. man aRniSna, rom aqvs pativi

mis udidebulesobas gadasces papis epistole, romeli-

danac Cans, rom man ineba keTili TvaliT gadaxedos

vaxtang mefes2.

sulxan-saba romSi 1714 wlis 17 ivliss kardinali de la tremuiai

safrangeTis mefe lui XIV-s atyobinebda, rom sulxan-

saba romSi Cavida da pirveli visac is ewvia, iyo

werilis avtori. papma propaganda fides kongregaciis

prefeqts kardinal sakripintis da kardinal albanis

daavala elCis miReba, dabinaveba da pativiscemiT

mopyroba. 16 ivliss sulxan-saba papTan iyo audienciaze.

masTan erTad imyofeboda da Tarjimnobda Jan riSari.

riSari awesrigebda im moxsenebiT baraTebs, romlebic

unda waredgina papisTvis. papi im qaRaldebs gansaxil-

velad gadascemda propaganda fides kongregacias an pa-

pis mier daniSnul gansakuTrebul kongregacias. kar-

dinal de la trumuais varaudiT, dasaxelebuli kong-

1 iqve, gv. 276-277. Sdr. papaSvili Mm., saqarTvelos sagareo

politikuri urTierTobani, gv. 53-53. 2 iqve, gv. 279-280.

391

regaciebi male ganixilavdnen sabuTebs da sulxan-sabas

male miscemdnen samSobloSi dabrunebis saSualebas,

rac Tvidan aacilebda vatikans im xarjebs, romlebic

unda gaewiaT qarTveli elCis Sesanaxad1.

audienciis dros paps aRuTqvams sulxan-sabasTvis,

rom ar gaatans arc erT im misioners, romlebsac

surT iyvnen damoukidebelni da ar cnon sxva iuris-

duqcia. aRniSnulia isic, rom Tavadi sulxan-saba sa-

darbazod dadis kardinalebTan2.

aris erTi anonimuri werili (1714 w. ivnisi) ro-

melSic gadmocemulia sulxan-sabas safrangeTsa da

romSi mogzaurobis miznebsa da maTi ganxorcielebis

gzebis Sesaxeb. ar Cans vin aris werilis adresati.

rogorc aRniSnulia werilSi, sulxan-sabam saf-

rangeTSi mefes Txova ori wyaloba: mefe vaxtangisaTvis

daxmareba da 12 misioneris gagzavna samegrelosa da

afxazeTSi. lui XIV elCs dapirda, rom is Tanaxma iyo

misi orive moTxovna daekmayofilebina, magram saWirod

miaCnda yovelive amis Sesaxeb mis uwmindesoba paps

acnobos. mefe siamovnebiT gaakeTebs yvelafers, razec

papi miuTiTebs.

papma im or TxovnaSi, romlebic qarTvel elCs

hqonda, dainaxa ori erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli, ram:

jer erTi, saqarTvelos mefe vaxtangis ganTavisufleba

mTlianad damokidebulia sefianebze. safrangeTis mefem

maTTan savaWro urTierTobis mogvarebiT SeiZleba mo-

agvaros vaxtangis saqmec. am saqmis warmatebiT dasru-

lebaSi garkveuli mniSvneloba eqneba iranis elCis

Casvlas safrangeTSi da masTan molaparakebas. rac


I, gv. 314. 2 iqve, gv. 316-317.

392

Seexeba 12 misioneris gagzavnas da maT rCenas, mefem da

papma CaTvales, rom amas araviTari saerTo ar hqonda

arc iranis elCTan da arc saqarTvelos mefis gaTavisu-

flebasTan: `1. imitom, rom samegrelos araviTari ka-vSiri ara aqvs qarTlTan, romelsac hyavs Tavisi calke mTavari da romelic damokidebulia sulTanze. 2. samegrelos patriarqs, romelmac iTxova es misionerebi, TviTon surs mxari dauWiros maT, dakavSirebulia ra am mxaris mTavarTan da didebulebTan; da, rom amrigad saWiroa ganxilul iqnas es saqme, rogorc sruliad gansakuTrebuli da gansxvavebuli...~1

werilis avtori de ponSartrens gaufrTxilebia,

rom sasurveli iyo iranis elCs ar scodnoda sulxan-

sabas safrangeTSi Casvlis da saqarTveloSi kaToli-

kuri misiis gagzavnis Sesaxeb. ès Rirseuli moxuci didad damwuxrdeba, roca Seityobs, rom mas aramc Tu ugzavnian misionerebs da rogorc yovelidan Cans maT sruliad ar gagzavnian, Tu maTi gagzavna aRmoCnda el-Cis Camosvlaze da misi elCobis warmatebaze damoki-debuli~.

Jan riSari zemoTmoxmobil argumentebs misionere-

bis dasavleT saqarTveloSi gagzavnasTan dkavSirebiT

imeorebs Tavis erT-erT werilSi 1714 wlis 21

oqtombers naTqvams: `TiTqos sruliad araa aucilebeli amisaTvis davelodoT iranis elCis Camosvlas, rac Zlier gaurkvevelia, radgan am saqmes, rogorc mas icnobs misi uwmindesoba da wminda kongregacia, ara aqvs araviari kavSiri saqarTvelos mefis gamoxsnasTan, romelic imyofeba sefianebTan. ramdenadac samegrelos yavs Tavisi sakuTari mTavari, romelic damokidebulia sulTanze da, ramdenadac patriarqs, romelic [Rebu-

1 iqve, gv. 304-305.

393

lobs] am misionerebs da dakavSirebulia am mxaris yve-la didebulTan, surs TviTon Seuwyos maT xeli, aRuTqva ra maT misces sacxovrebeli bina, aseve mniS-vnelovania, raTa sefianebis elCma da imaT, vinc mis ama-laSia, araferi ar icodnen am beris (sulxan-saba orbe-liani _ e.m.) safrangeTSi Camosvlis Sesaxeb. aseve, maSasadame, samegreloSi misionerebis misiis Sesaxeb~1.

werilis avtors mizanSewonilad miaCnia, rom ise-

Ts arafers dapirdnen sulxan-sabas, rac ar Sesrul-

deba. am ukanasknels ar unda hqoneboda saSualeba

yvelgan miewera, rom misma udidebulesobam mefe luim

mas aRuTqva yvelaferi, rac sTxova2. kidev erTxel Cans,

safrangeTis da ara mxolod misi xelisufleba, ra-

mdenad iTvaliswinebda iranisa da osmaleTis intere-

sebs da pretenziebs da frTxilad ekideboda saqar-

TvelosTan urTierTobis damyarebis sakiTxs.

1714 wlis 11 an 173 agvistos papma sulxan-sabas

gaumarTa gamosamSvidobeli audiencia. papma elCs miar-

1 iqve, gv. 357. m. qiqoZe ekamaTeboda v. gabaSvils, romelsac

miaCnda, rom iranis `mohamed reza xanis elCobamac SeuSala

xeli sabas diplomatiuri misiis warmoebas safrangeTSi~.

gabaSvili v., qarTuli diplomatiis istoriidan, gv. 74. misi

azriT, dasaxelebul elCobas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar

hqonda or qveyanas Soris diplomatiuri urTierTobis

damyarebaSi. qiqoZe m., vaxtang VI-is saxelmwifoebrivi

moRvaweoba (politikur-ekonomikuri da socialur-

kulturuli saqmianoba), Tbilisi, gv. 28. 2 iqve, gv. 305. 3 11 agvistoa Jan riSarisaTvis romidan gagzavnil werilSi

(sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istori-

idan, gv. 341), TviT saba ki am mniSvnelovan moments Tavisi

mogzaurobidan aTariRebs 17 agvistoTi. sulxan-saba orbe-

liani. Txzulebani, I, Tbilisi, 1958, gv. 202. saba sakmaod

394

Tva sxvadasxva saCuqrebi da gamosTqva survili, rom

igi romidan gaemgzavros yovelmxriv kmayofili da

Sesabamisi brZanebac gasca. `rac ginda mTxoveo. madli gardavixade, _ wers saba, _ Cemi saTxovari yvela uTxovrad aRmisrulda-meTqi. momexvia, makoca. fexs vakoce. gzis saqmeebi dagvariga. gamomistumra. mibZana: ase male ar gagiSvebdio, magram vaxtang mefis ukiTxavad wamosulxaro, rom dameWire, imas guls daakldebao, da wadi misi saqme moiWirveo~1

zemoT damowmebuli 1714 wlis 17 agvistos

werilidan vigebT, rom sulxan-sabas, saqarTveloSi

gamgzavrebis win, romSi werilis avtorisTvis uTxovia

miewera riSarisaTvis, rom man araferi daiSuros, raTa

dauyovnebliv gaemgzavros iranSi da win waiyvanos

misTvis saintereso saqmeebi, aseve dauyovnebliv gaag-

zavnon masTan misionerebi, raTa TviTon Caiyvanos isini

saqarTveloSi2.

Tavdapirveli gegmis mixedviT sulxan-saba papTan

molaparakebis Semdeg safrangeTSi unda dabrunebuliyo.

magram gegma Seicvala radgan parizSi iranis elCs

elodnen. gasaziarebelia v. gabaSvilis azri, rom Tu

ara Sahis elCis Casvla safrangeTSi SeiZleboda sul-

xan-sabas elCoba qarTlis samefosaTvis raime dadebiTi

SedegiT dasrulebuliyo.

dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems papTan vizitis detalebs.

vfiqrob, gasaziarebelia sabas mier SemoTavazebuli 17

agvisto. 1 iqve, gv. 203. 2 iqve, gv. 341.

395

sulxan-sabas dabruneba samSobloSi

13-20 seqtembers sulxan-saba imyofeboda floren-

ciaSi, ori kvira gaatara livernoSi da datova italia,

ukan moitova sicilia, malta da 17 ianvars konsta-

ntinopolSi Cavida. aq 17 Tve gaCerda. saba ar gva-

mcnobs, riT iyo gamowveuli misi am qalaqSi didi xniT

gaCereba. saba wers: didi wvalebiTa da Tavgadasavlebis

Semdeg `movawieT Cvens qveyanas. movedi abocs~. samSobloSi dabrunebul sabas kidev ufro mZime

gansacdeli eloda. Zmas kaci gaegzavna da `qarTlSi Casvla daeSala~. qarTlSi mefed vaxtangisa da misi

yvela momxris moZule iese ijda. bunebrivia, misTvis

miuRebeli iyo vaxtangisaTvis Tavdadebuli sulxan-saba

orbeliani. miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTlis samefoSi

terori mZvinvarebda, iesem evropamovlili diplomati

pativiT miiRo.

sabam safrangeTsa da italiSi yofnisas ramden-

jerme ganacxada, rom mis yofnas evropaSi cudi Sedegi

eqneboda. gansakuTrebiT saSiSi iyo mis mier kaToli-

kobis aRiara.

misi SiSi usafuZvlo ar iyo. 1716 wlis maisSi su-

lxan-saba orbeliani samSobloSi dabrunda. mas Tavis

da vaxtangis mowinaaRmdegeebma `codvebi~ ar apaties.

imaze, rac mas gadaxda, gagvaCnia urTierTsapi-

rispiro cnobebi. esenia misionerebis cnobebi da TviT

sabas monaTxrobi misi mogzaurobis aRweris dasas-

ruls.

misionerebis cnobebiT, sabas qadageba da kaToli-

kobis gavrceleba dauwyia da bevri momxrec gasCenia.

magram mis amgvar saqmianobas saero da sasuliero

didkacobis mkacri reaqcia mohyolia. somxebma qarTve-

lebis mxardaWeriT daiwyes kaTolikebisa da patrebis

396

devna, romlis msgavsi manamade saqarTveloSi ar momx-

dara. patrma antonio romaelma saqarvelodan romSi

dabrunebis Semdeg ganacxada: `1717 w. somxebma Cveni sax-li gaZarcves da erTianad daangries. TavianTi Cve-ulebis winaaRmdeg, qarTvelebic SeuerTdnen, Tumca iseTis sibraziT ar moqmedebdnen, rogorc somxebi, garna maincki cecxlis gaRviebas xeli Seuwyes~1. patri anjelo popieli Tavrizidan romSi gagzavnil (1718 w. 8

aprili) werilSi mogviTxrobs rogor daarbies misioni

TbilisSi. àxla Cveni sabralo patrebi darCnen umo-nastrod da uekklesiod, dganan erT patara saxlSi. ma-ndeT da romSi namyof baton sabaze ganrisxebul qar-Tvelebs, Tumca aseTi mkrexeloba da uRmrTo dev-nuloba ar CaudeniaT, magram ki waaqezes somxebi da Caadenines aseTi uRmerToba... aseTi uwyalobis qmna ar SeeZloT (somxebs _ e.m.), qarTvelebs rom neba ar miecaT~2.

evropidan samSobloSi axaldabrunebul dasneule-

bul da valebSi Cavardnili sulxan-sabas keTili Sex-

vedra ar mouwyes3. saba arafers ambobs aRSfoTebuli

Tbiliselebis mier kaTolikeTa misionis da eklesiis

aklebaze. is mxolod Tavs datexil ubedurebasa da

valebis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems: ìvlisis Tve iyo. qarT-veli episkoposni da samRvdeloni roms wasvli -saTvis gamimterden da ase Sekres yoveli: Cemi naTe-

1 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, romelnic uarhyofen qarTvel kaTolikobas (istoriuli gamokvleva),

Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 67. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 334-336; misive, pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, 68-69. 3 baramiZe al., sulxan-saba orbeliani, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 103-

109.

397

savi da moyvare da mefe-darbaiselni, veravin Semomewia, valis micemac gamiWirda~1. sulxan-sabas, rogorc Tvi-

Ton ganmartavs, qarTvelma ierarqebma da samRvdeloebam

romSi papTan wasvla da Sexvedra ar apaties. di-

plomatis sityvebidan Cans, rom misma mowinaaRmdegeebma

ar icodnen mis mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb,

Torem misadmi mopyroba SeiZleboda ufro mkacri

yofiliyo.

sulxan-sabas monaTxrobs Tu mivyvebiT samSobloSi

dabrunebuli diplomatisaTvis pirvel xanebSi gansakuT-

rebiT sawuxari iyo is valebi, romlebic mas evropidan

saqarTveloSi mobrunebis Semdeg daedo. danaRvlianebul

sulxan-sabas valebis gastumrebaSi daxmareba gauwia mxo-

lod erTma davrdomilma Tbiliselma `naTli dedam~2.

`merme samRvdeloT SfoTi aRZres Cemzed. kreba da borotis qna moindomes. magram mefe (iase _ e.m.) ver aiyolies. sami Tve kidev ibatona da merme

baqar dasjda mefed3. visTvisac esoden Wiri menaxa da

1 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gv. 245. 2 iqve. 3 vaxtang VI 1716 wels farabadSi gamahmadianda da husein

yuli-xanis saxeliT moinaTla. rogorc vaxuSti batoni-

Svili werda, `xolo vinaiTgan verRara aRasrula iesem

davedruli yeenisa, maSin moiyvana yeenman vaxtang, misca qarTli da spasalaroba eranisa da miaqcies rjulsa

maTsa... da mosces ganmgeoba qarTlisa baqars, Zesa missa~.

vaxuSti batoniSvili // vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 495. Semdeg rodesac vaxuSti gadmogvcems

baqaris qarTlSi gamefebaze, isev ubrundeba vaxtangis

gamahmadianebas da wers: àramed vinaiTgan hgonebda mefe

vaxtang warslvasa xorasans, amisTÂs hkadra yeensa, raTa

misces mefoba qarTlisa Zesa TÂssa baqars. usmina da mosca

da miaqcies rjulsa maTsa, mxolod sityviTa da ara

398

visac mefobas vscdilobdi, TxuTmetis wlisa iyo. moat-

yues. mcxeTas, Cemi siyvaruli da samsaxuri sul daaviwyes. kreba miyves da wmidis papis gineba mo-midves. me marTlmadidebloba (kaTolikoba – e.m.) ver

uarvyav. da mravali avi moindomes, magram RmerTman yo-

vlisagan dagvixsna. mefemac pativi mogvapyra da maTi

veragobac gacudda. vaxtang mefes smenoda, didad swye-

noda da yovelni daetuqsa~1.

sulxan-sabas monaTxrobidan ramdenime garemoeba

ze unda gamaxvldes yuradReba. 1. sabas aumxedrdnen

qarTveli episkoposni da samRvdeloni, romlebsac

mxari dauWires misma naTesavebma, moyvrebma, mefem, dide-

bulebma, zogadad, mas yvelam zurgi Seaqcia. ukmayo-

filebis mTavari mizezi iyo misi mier kaTolikobis

aRiareba da romSi yofna da ara is, rom man safran-

geTSi politikur-ekonomikur sakiTxebze molaparakebebi

awarmoa, e.i. mas edavebodnen ara politikuri ori-

entaciis, aramed prozelitobis gamo. gasaziarebelia g.

leoniZis azri, rom sulxan-sabas sawinaaRmdego aqciis

òrganizatori da STamagonebeli im inkviziciisa, rome-lic sabas gaumarTes evropidan dabrunebis Semdeg~, iyo

kaTaliksi domenti svimon-iases blokTan erTad. `Se-

saZloa es brZola svimonisa da iases ZaldatanebiTac

iyos momxdari, magram erTi ueWvelia, mas eklesiis

meTauris xeli awarmoebdao~_ werda g. leoniZe2.

saqmiTaca~. vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 496. qarTls baqari ganagebda 1719 wlamde, vaxtangis qar-

TlSi dabrunebamde. 1 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gamosacemad

moamzades s. yubaneiSvilma da r. baramiZem, Tbilisi, 1959, gv.

245. 2 leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. Tbilisi, 2004, 111.

399

2. gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebod mimaCnia sulxan-

sabas naTqvami Tavis `naTlidedaze~, romelic mis

mixedviT kaTolike marTlmadidebeli iyo. saqa-

rTvelo-romis urTierTobis istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT

sruliad marTebulad mimaCnia l. abaSiZis mosazreba:

`sabas sityvebisa da qmedebebis gageba mxolod konfesionalizmis gamoricxviT SeiZleba. diax, arc saba da arc antoni arsad ar gadasulan. maTTvis aRmosav-leTi da dasavleTi erT eklesiad rCeboda~1. l. aba-

SiZis es mosazreba SeiZleba gavavrceloT im yvela `ga-

kaTolikebul~ marTlmadidebel qarTvelebze, romelTa

Sesaxeb cnobebi dagvitoves misionerebma. Sua sauku-

neebis qarTveli qristianebisaTvis qristianuli ekle-

sia yovelTvis erTiani iyo. sulxan-sabas mier Tavisi

naTlidedis moxsenieba kaTolike marTlmadideblad

swored mis mier am ori aRmsareblobis erTianobaSi

aRqmis maCvenebeli unda iyos. qarTveli marTlma-

dideblisaTvis gaugebari iyo qristianobidan (marTlma-

dideblobidan) qristianobaSi (kaTolikoba) gadasvla.

aseve miuRebeli iyo kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomad-

genlebis mier qristianuli dogmebis koreqtireba, rac

qarTvel marTlmadideblebSi uaryofiT reaqcias

iwvevda. aRniSnulis sailustraciod mravali magaliTia

moyvanili winamdebare naSromSic. magram gansakuTrebiT

sayuradRebod mimaCnia ferara-florenciis saeklesio

krebis msvlelobis dros qarTveli delegatis mier

papisaTvis gancxadebuli: `Cvenc... qristianebi varT. Cve-ni eklesia mosawonia da Cvens dogmens vemorCilebiT. Cveni eklesia Zalian mtkiced icavs TiToeul mcnebas

1 abaSiZe l., kaTolike da marTlmadidebeli. pasuxi zurab

kiknaZes da merab RaRaniZes. dialogi. aRmosavlur dasavlu-

ri qristianuli Jurnali, #2(3), Tbilisi, 2005, 15.

400

Cveni uflis ieso qristesi, aseve wminda mociqulTa tradiciebsa da sinodisa da TqvenSi warmoSobil imave eklesiis saxelganTqmuli maswavleblebis swavlas maSinve gadmoviRebT xolme [Cven enaze]. amisgan ara-sodes ar gadagvixvevia, araferi ar dagvimatebia, araf-eri malulad ar wagviRia, [warmosadgeni] minimumic ki...~ amis Semdeg saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli akritikebs

romis eklesias, romelmac mravali ram siaxleebi

Seitana qristianul religiaSi. aman gamoiwvia ori ek-

lesiis erTmaneTisgan daSoreba.

niSandoblivia, agreTve, Teimuraz I-is mier espane-

Tis mefisa da romis papisaTvis gagzavnil werilebis

erTi fraza: `Cven yovelni (marTlmadideblebi da kaTolikeni) Zmani varT da erTi ars RmerTi Cueni~1. qarTveli mefe adresatebs agrZnobinebs, rom qristia-

nebi yvelani erTni varT da sarwmunoebis sakiTxi Cvens

urTierTobaSi gansjis sagani ar unda iyoso.

3. unda iTqvas, agreTve, sulxan-sabas erT frazaze

`mogzaurobidan~. sulxan-saba ambobs: `kreba miyves da wmidis papis gineba momidves~_o. sityvas _ `mo-

midves~ sxvadasxva gvarad igeben: TiTqos sulxan-saba

ambobs, rom `mas papis Seuracxyofa daswames~ da amis gamo mcxeTaSi saeklesio krebaze gakicxes2. konteqs-

tidan gamomdinare, vfiqrob, `momidves~ _ `momTxoves~


II, Tbilisi, 1986, gv. 160. 2 ix. papaSvili m.,. kidev erTxel, Tu ratom miiRo sulxan-saba

orbelianma kaTolikoba, gv. 35; misive, eklesiaTa uniis saki-

Txi saqarTveloSi XVIII saukuneSi // saistorio vertikale-

bi, damateba, Tbilisi, 2009, #18, gv. 119; kiknaZe z., kvlav

dabrunebis Tu gadasvlis Taobaze. pasuxi merab RaRaniZes,

gv. 18.

401

unda niSnavdes, e.i. saba ambobs, rom mas romis papis

galanZRva moTxoves, rac misi gagebiT, qristiani

qarTvelisagan aseTi moqmedeba araeTikuri iqneboda,

miT umetes diplomats ar ekadreboda1. mcxeTaSi

momxdari konfliqti iyo `konfliqti pirovnebisa Tem-

Tan, _ pirovnebisa romlisTvisac miuRebelia konfe-

sionaluri ganyofa da Temisa, romelmac konfesionali-

zmi absolutur da gaqvavebul kategoriad aqcia~2.

avis mdomebma mainc SeZles vaxtangis ayolieba. `qi-

lila da damanas~ anderZSi saba ambobs, rom vaxtangi

sabas da misi Zmebis winaaRmdeg ganawyes. gadmocemulia

evropidan samSobloSi dabrunebuli sulxan-sabas su-

lieri gancda boroti kacebis moqmedebis Sedegad me-

fesTan misi wamxdari urTierTobis Sesaxeb.

qirmanSi tyveobaSi myofma vaxtangma sparsulidan

qarTulad Targmna `qilila da damana~, romlis gaSa-

laSineba sTxova sulxan-sabas maSin, rodesac maT So-

ris aRar arsebobda sasurveli urTierToba: àw moi-

gone Sen Cemi pirveli siyvarulia, es saqme karga

misaqme, TvalT nu mogiva rulia~. vaxtangis Sairis sa-

xiT SenaTvals sulxan-saba aseT komentars urTavs: ès sulxan-saba orbeliani giorgi mefis dedis Zmiswuli iyo, da misganve Svilurad gazrdili da gaswavlebuli, da vaxtang mefisa biZad da gamzrdelad wodebuli da didad sayvareli. am sofelis simuxTlem erTmaneTs moaSora da Cxubianma kacebma maT Sua didi ganxeT-

qileba Camoagdo, mefe mas da mis ZmaTze ubralod mwyromeli Seqmnes. da merme es bZaneba mouvida (qilila

1 `momidves~ `momTxoved~ aqvs gagebuli agreTve n. papuaSvils.

ix. misi marTlmadideblebi da kaTolikeebi http://church.ge/

index.php?showtopic=8289 2 abaSiZe l., kaTolike da marTlmadidebeli, გვ. 16.

http://church.ge/%20index.php?showtopic=8289

http://church.ge/%20index.php?showtopic=8289

402

da damanas gamarTva sTxova _ e.m.), uari aRar iqneboda, Tvaram monazvnisagan amisTana ambavi uwesoa da urigo~1.

sulxan-saba Tavs adarebs im vards, romelsac mze

ar aklebda Tavis sxivebs, cvarsa da wyals. `misganve gankurnebulni kacni aRuSurdnen vardsa mas da aRa-kvamles haeri Znelad da SerTes RrubelTa da ganfines nisli caTa Sina, raTa verRara ixilos mzeman man vardi igi. da moaklda naTeli mzisa da dawns yvavilini vardisani da ganqardes suneleba misni~2

saba-sulxans àumterdnen misgan gamozrdilni kac-

ni da sxvanica da poes jadegi vinme da aRmouwodes qa-

rsa Crdilosasa. aRaqoTes zRva igi RelviTa da Ra-

doman gaitaca delfini xmelad da darCa mun~3. sabam mefesTan Tavisi urTierToba alegoriulad

asaxa sam igav-arakSi (~mze da vardi~, ~zRva da del-

fini~ da ~mefe da meZebari~). sabolood mefisa da sabas

Serigeba moxda, magram samRvdeloeba mas sikvdilis

Semegac ar patiobda `samoTxis karSi~ kaTolikobis

marTlmadideblobaze maRla dayenebas. amitomac iyo,

rom misma Zmam nikolozma, sabas es Txzuleba gawminda

marTlmadideblobisaTvis miuRebeli azrebisagan, magram

Zmebma dedani (meore nusxa) gadaarCines, romlis

arseboba mainc cnobili gaxda.

meore nusxis mixedviT msjelobda anton I kaTa-

likosi sulxan-sabas religiur rwmenaze da amitomac

uwoda mis `samoTxis kars~ `jojoxeTis bWe~. g. leoni-

Zem anton kaTalikosis mier sulxan-sabasgan marTlma-

1 anderZi sulxan-saba orbelianisa, didad SeWirvebul-SeRo-

nebulisa // qarTuli mwerloba, t. VII, Tbilisi, 1989, gv.

291-292. 2 iqve, 292.. 3 iqve, 293.

403

dideblobis uaryofa da kaTolikobis miRebis, rogorc

faqtis kritikuli Sefaseba imis sabuTad CaTvala, rom

sulxan-saba kaToliked gardaicvala. magram kaTaliko-

sis leqsad gamonaTqvamSi, vfiqrob, sabas mier kaToli-

kobis miRebis faqtia aRniSnuli da arafridan Cans, rom

igi am rwmenis erTgulad darCenilad miaCnia: `sabas ar vaqeb, amad viTarmed ese // eklesiasa wmidasa mter-ganudga, // winaaRmdgom-mbrZol eqmna WeSmaritebas; // `samoTxis kari~, garna jojoxeTis bWe // aRwera sulTa warwymedad, TÂTca warwymda~. samagierod, anton kaTa-

likosi maRal Sefasebas aZlevda sulxan-sabas saero

Semoqmedebas: `magra Sairni misni saqebeloben: // SairTa vaqeb, sadac ara laTinTa // ganxeTqileba an Sehria wva-leba; // ucxo ars igi saqebel piitika, // raca soflioT gamoTqua sulxan-saba~1.

sulxan-saba vaxtang VI-sTan erTad ruseTSi gada-

saxlda. m. TamaraSvili, sulxan-sabas ruseTSi cxovre-

bis da sicocxlis bolo periodis Sesaxeb gavrcele-

buli (platon ioselianis, aleqsandre cagarelis) az-

ris sawinaaRmdegod, raime sabuTis damowmebis gareSe

aRniSnavda: `sruliad usafuZvlod migvaCnia saba orbe-lianis Sesaxeb is azri, viTom mas ruseTSi kaTolikoba uar eyos. sabam TiTqmis 40 weliwadi aRiara kaToliko-ba da misTvis bevri Sewuxebac daiTmina; egreTve Tavisi mecadineobiT bevri gaakaTolika da romTan ukanasknel dromde erTguli ganwyobileba iqonia. srulebiT ar aris Sesawynarebeli, rom Tavisi cxovrebis ukanasknel wels, vaxtangTan wasuls ruseTSi, uareyos es sarwmu-

1 anton bagrationi, wyobilsityvaoba. gamosacemad moamzada,

gamokvleva, komentarebi da leqsikoni daurTo iv. lolaSvi-

lma, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 282, str. 805-806.

404

noeba, rodesac misi sikvdilis Semdgom, TviT vaxtangma mtkiced daicva kaTolikoba~1.

sabas mier kaTolikobis miRebis faqtTan dakavSi-

rebiT g. leoniZe, ra Tqma unda, savsebiT sworad fiq-

robda, rom igi gapirobebuli iyo politikuri moti-

vebiT, magram mkvlevari SemdegSi am mosazrebasTan

winaaRmdegobaSi modis. Tu ki sabas mier kaTolikobis

miReba mxolod politikuri interesebiT iyo nakarnax-

evi, ruseTSi gadaxvewil mefesa da mis erTgul msaxurs

_ sulxan-sabas raRad sWirdeboda an ra sargebels mo-

utanda politikuri motiviT miRebuli kaTolikoba. ma-

Sasadame, igi, amgvari logikidan gamomdinare, advilad

Seeleoda kaTolikur qveynebTan saurTierTobo reli-

gias da sicocxlis bolos daubrundeboda mama-papaTa

rwmenas, rasac kategoriulad uaryofs g. leoniZe2.

peterburgs mimavali vaxtang mefis amalaSi myofi

sulxan-saba moskovSi avad gaxda da ukanaskneli dReebi

arCil II-is sasaxleSi, sof. vsesvitskoeSi, gaatara. saba

iqve gardaicvala da arCilis asulma darejanma Tavis

karis eklesiaSi dakrZala. `saba miicvala qristes aqeT, Crke (1725) ianvarsa, ks (26), mwuxrs dids moskovs, se-

senwkas, batonis arCilis sasaxleSi da imave saydars daemarxa brZanebiTa da mravlis xarjiT da Tanawa-

yoliTa da didis pativiTa batoniSvilis darejanisa-

Ta~3


gv. 341. 2 leoniZe g., Ziebani qarTuli literaturis istoriidan

(XVII-XVIII ss.), Tbilisi, 1949, gv. 84 3 sofeli `sesenwka~ petre I-ma arCil II-s saufliswulod

uboZa. iqve, 104.

405

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, safuZvliania k. kekeli-

Zis varaudi, romlis mixedviTac, radgan 1725 w. 26

ianvars sofel vsesvitskoeSi gardacvlili sulxan-saba

arCil mefis karis eklesiaSi dakrZales, `safiqrebelia, rom is kvlav daubrunda marTlmadideblobas, wina-

aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi marTlmadidebelTa eklesiis ga-

lavanSi is ver daimarxeboda~1.

1 kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, II, Tbilisi,

1958, 453.

406

kaTalikos domenti IV-is portretisaTvis

XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani saeklesio, politikuri da kultur-

is moRvawe iyo vaxtang VI-is umcrosi Zma, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos kaTalikosi domenti (damiane) IV (1705-1741).

kaTalikosi domentis politikur moRvaweobaSi mka-

fiod gamoCnda XVII s. bolo meoTxedis da XVIII s. pir-

veli naxevris saqarTvelos uaRresad rTuli saSinao

da sagareo politikuri mdgomareoba. rodesac qveynis

mesveurebi gamudmebiT mokavSiris da `mSvelelis~ Zieba-

Si iyvnen, magram amaod.

kaTalikosi domenti axalgazrdobidan cdilobda

rogorme Seumsubuqebina eklesiisa da samwymsos mdgoma-

reoba. is gamudmebiT mogzaurobda. Tavisi aqtiuri cxo-

vrebis wesiT mravali oponenti da mtეric gaiCina, ro-

gorc samSobloSi ise mis farglebs gareT. mis Sesaxeb

vrceldeboda anekdoturi ambebi. vcadoT, nawilobriv

mainc aRvadginoT am saintereso moRvawis sinamdviles-

Tan miaxloebuli saxe.

batoniSvili damiane daibada 1676/1677 wels. man

Tavisi droisaTvis kargi ganaTleba miiRo, rac aisaxa

mis mravalmxriv moRvaweobaSi. ucxo enebis codna aZle-

vda saSualebas emogzaura da ecxovra sxvadasxva qvey-

nebSi. moiara ierusalimi, konstantinopoli, vlaxeTi,

ruseTi, irani, osmaleTi, bolos, TiTqmis 9 weliwadi

mouxda cxovreba berZnul garemoSi.

sruliad axalgazrda damianem mniSvnelovani miz-

niT imogzaura ierusalimsa da vlaxeTSi. Seiswavla sa-

qarTvelos ganaTlebisa da kulturuli ganviTarebisa-

Tvis aucilebeli wignis beWdva. savaraudoa, man am

dros gaicno vlaxeTis eklesiisa da kulturis erT-

407

erTi udidesi moRvawe anTim iverieli da pirveli

qarTuli stambis moamage mixail iStvanoviCi. domentis

yofna ierusalimSi aisaxa erT-erT qarTul xelna-

werSi1. domenti ierusalimis wminda jvris monasterSi

cxovrobda, magram ramden xans, cnobili ar aris. do-

mentiმ am dros ganaxorciela is, rac ver SesZlo kaTa-

likos-patriarqma domenti III-m, romelsac monastris

dasaxmareblad didZali Tanxis waReba hqonda ganz-

raxuli 1675 wlamde axlo periodSi, magram ver SeZlo.

giorgi XI-m movaleebisagan `datyvevebuli~ wminda jvr-

is monastris dasaxsneli fuli damianes gaatana2.

ierusalimSi yofnisas susti janmrTelobis dami-

ane avad gaxda. igi jvris monastris `mamebma miiRes,

viTarc RvTis angelozi. roca avad gaxda upatrones~.

amas werda ierusalimis cnobili patriarqi dosiTeos II

notara (1669-1707)3.

patriarqma dosiTeosma domenti ierodiakonad aku-

rTxa 1689 wels. am mogzaurobis dros, rogorc p. karbe-

laSvili gadmogvcems, domentis wignis beWdvis saqme Se-

uswavlia. arCil II-m is waiyvana moskovSi da masTan iyo

wignis gamocemisaTvis samzadisis mTeli drois ganmav-

lobaSi. rogorc p. karbelaSvili werda, èWvi ar gva-

qvs, rom domenti samSobloSi mosvlis umal (1704 w.)

SeuCnda Tavis Zmas vaxtang VI da gaaxsnevina stamba.

1 mari n., ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqo wignsacavis qar-

Tuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweriloba. dasabeWdad moamza-da e. metrevelma, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 10-11.

2 xaxanaSvili a., qarTuli sityvierebis istoria, I, tfilisi,

gv. 45. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelo-ierusalimis urTierTobis

istoriidan (XVI-XVII ss.), gv. 223.

408

rom domentim gaicno anTimoz mRvdel-mTavari ierusa-

limSi yofnis dros, arc es migvaCnia saeWvod. im dros

qarTvelTaTvis SeuZlebeli iyo ungro-vlaxiaSi siaru-

li stambis saqmeze. rom domentim da anTimozma moila-

parakes da daiwyes Tadarigi saqarTveloSi stambis

gaxsnisaTvis ierusalimSive, da gamobrunebulT ieru-

salimidan erTad unda emgzavraT konstantinopolamde –

Cven WeSmaritad migvaCnia~1.

samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg, rogorc aRiniSna,

domenti Tavis biZa arCil II-s ruseTSi gahyva saswav-

leblad, sadac safuZvliani sasuliero ganaTleba mii-

Ro. radgan mas sastambo saqmis garkveuli codna gaa-

Cnda, aqtiurad monawileobda pirveli qarTuli stambis

mowyobaSi moskovSi. is 1705 wels dabrunda TbilisSi

da imave wels saeklesio krebam kaTalikos patriarqad

airCia. amis Semdeg igi cnobilia kaTalikos domenti

IV-is saxeliT.

***

moRweulia mravali ucxouri werilobiTi cnoba,

romlebic kaTalikos domentis axasiaTeben uaryofiT

pirovnebad. aseTi simravlis uaryofiTi ucxouri cnobe-

bi ar arsesebobs arc erTi qarTveli saeklesio an

politikuri moRvawis Sesaxeb. am cnobebis mimarT

interesi gamoiCines iranSi moRvawe frangma misionere-

bma. maTi werilebiT isargebles da, Tavis mxriv, gaav-

rceles Semdegi drois sxva misionerebma.

1 karbelaSvili p., ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTali-

kosni da mRvdelmTavarni, tfilisi, 1900, gv. 131-132; beriZe v.,

XVI-XVII saukuneebis qarTuli saeklesio xuroTmoZRvreba,

Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 190.

409

domenti IV-m, Tanamedrove franguli wyaroebis mix-

edviT, pretenzia ganacxada qarTlis taxtze1. amis Sesa-

xeb iezuiti mama d’isudeni 1714 wlis 8 ivniss safran-

geTis mefe lui XIV-s swerda spareTidan. iranisa da

saqarTvelos mdgomareobis mimoxilvasTan erTad, d’isu-

deni werda, rom mefe vaxtangis 50 wlis Zmam2, romelic

marTlmadidebeli patriarqia, miswera iranis Sahs da

sTxova daniSnos saqrTvelos mmarTvelad, miaTxovon

mas colad kaxeTis mTavris qaliSvili, samagierod, ga-

mahmadiandeba. amasTan erTad is mzad iyo SahisTvis

gaegzavna monaTa didi raodenoba, gadaexada xarki,

gaegzavna vaxtangis ojaxi da samefos Tavadebi da di-

debulebi3.

sxva cnobiT domentis adrec (1707 w.) hqonda mcde-

loba Sahis mxardaWeriT daekavebina qarTlis taxti. is

gaemgzavra irans mahmadianobis misaRebad, magram iranSi

karmelitma berebma azri Seacvlevines da kaTolikur

1 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos politiku-ri istoriidan. 1712-1745 // saistorio Ziebani, I, Tbilisi,

1967, 33-37; dondua v., daviT guramiSvili da saqarTvelos

istoria // saistorio Ziebani, III, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 93;

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 187, 303.

2 kaTalikosi domenti 1714 wels unda yofiliyo 38-39 wlis. 3 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan (1707 wlis marti _ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I /

Sesavali, Targmani da komentarebi daurTo ilia tabaRuam,

Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 299; vrclad: tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-

safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi),

gv. 303-305; vaxuSti batoniSvli // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv.

495.

410

eklesiasTan SesaerTeblad ganawyves. man paps werili

miswera da ganzraxva gauziara1.

dasazustebelia is gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac

domentis marTlmadidebeli qristianisaTvis, miTumetes

kaTaliko-patriarqisaTvis Seuferebeli ganzraxva rom

gamoamJRavna, gamahmadianeba da colis SerTva rom

moiwadina, magram sisruleSi ar moiyvana. erTi cnobis

mixedviT, mas am ganzraxvaze xeli aaRebines karmelitma

misionerebma. sxva cnobiT, domenti misma mamam levanma,

romelic im dros ispaanis msajulTuxucesi iyo, Tavisi

kaTalikosi Svili, Seuferebeli saqcielisaTvis fexis-

gulebze joxis cemiT daasjevina2.

frangi d’isudeni ki gvamcnobs, rom Sahsa da domen-

tis Soris garigeba moxda. Sahi dapirda, rom Txovnas

Seusrulebda da qarTlis samefoss mas Caabarebda. ro-

desac domenti saqarTveloSi dabrunda didebulebma

Seipyres da oseTSi daamwyvdies, saidanac Sahi ver Ses-

Zlebda mis gamoyvanas. qarTvelma didebulebma Sahs mis-

weres, rom vaxtangis garda sxva aravin undodaT mefed3.

1714 wlis 29 oqtombers Jan riSari werda, rom mama

pier d’isudenma acnoba Tavrizidan, `rom qarTvelebma

Tvalebi daTxares saqarTvelos patriarqs imisaTvis,

rom man moisurva gamxdariyo mahmadiani da amiT xelT-


gv. 429-430; 2 dondua v., vaxtang VI-is droindeli saqarTvelos politi-kuri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 152; kupataZe b., upricipo

kompromisi qarTul diplomatiaSi (kaTalikosi domenti IV)

// qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli, 4, Tbilisi, 1999, 256-

257.gv. 254. 3 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan

(1707 wlis marti _ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I, gv. 299.

411

egdo saqarTvelo, da, rom yvela didebuli ganwyobilia

Tavi daicvas sefianebisagan~1.Aam werilis gacnobis Sem-

deg gasagebia, rogori sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT

iranidan da saqarTvelodan safrangeTSi gagzavnil in-

formaciebs saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

ar gamovricxav, rom kaTalikos domentis, Tavisi

Zmebis _ iesesa da svimonis msgavsad, marTlac surda

qarTlis taxtis daufleba, magram radgan Sahma amisaTv-

is umZimesi gadasaxadi _ gamahmadianeba moiTxova, man

sxva gza airCia _ paps sTxova daxmareba da kaTo-

likobaze gadasvlasac Sehpirda. amas gvacnobebs misi-

oneris mier romSi gagzavnili da masze sapasuxo we-

rili. domentis hqonda magaliTebi Tavisi mama-biZebis

cxovrebidan, romlebic taxtisa da mSvidobis mosa-

poveblad formalurad icvlidnen sarwmunoebas. magram

isini saero pirebi iyvnen da TanamedroveebisaTvis gasa-

gebi iyo politikuri motiviT prozelitoba. sruliad

gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda domenti _

kaTalikos-patriarqi. is eris sulieri mama iyo.

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom domentis ruseTSi ar-

Cil II-sTan yofnis periodSi unda daemyarebina konta-

qti kaTolikuri eklesiis misionTan2, rac naklebad

mosalodneli iyo. cnobilia kaTolikebisa da, saerTod,

romisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba ruseTSi.

ra Tqma unda, domentisTvis ufro moxerxebuli

iyo kontaqti saqarTvelos misiaSi myof kaTolikebTan,

magram arc es iyo uxifaTo. SedarebiT ioli unda yofi-

liyo kaTolikebTan dakavSireba iranSi. ai ras vkiTxu-

lobT 1708 w. 13 agvistos romidan ispaanSi fexSiSvel

1 iqve, gv. 359-360 2 kupataZe b., upricipo kompromisi qarTul diplomatiaSi

(kaTalikosi domenti IV), gv. 252-253.

412

karmelit patr maria ioseb iesosaTvis gagzavnil we-

rilSi: sprseTis sataxtodan saqarTvelos patriarq do-

mentis da mis Zmas xosro mirzas, ispaanis msajuls,

werili gaugzavniaT romis papisaTvis. werilSi ar aris

aRniSnuli ra ainteresebda xosros (qaixosro), kaTa-

likos-patriarqi domenti ki papisadmi morCilebas gamo-

sTqvamda, mas scnobda qristianuli eklesiis meTaurad

da ieso qristes monacvled. rodesac Sahs gaugia do-

mentis ganzraxvaze, marTlmadidebloba kaTolikobaze

Seecvala, misTvis gamuslimaneba mouTxovia, razec do-

mentis uari uTqvams. amis Semdeg mas gadauwyvetia ira-

nidan gaparva da romSi Casvla raTa papis winaSe kaTo-

like sarwmunoeba eRiarebina1. saeWvoa werilSi dasaxe-

lebuli faqtebis namdviloba. gansakuTrebiT is, rom

Sahma qarTvel patriarqs gamahmadianeba mosTxova. msgav-

si arc erTi magaliTi ar aris cnobili saqarTvelo-

iranis mravalsaukunovani urTierTobis istoriidan. domen-

tis SahTan xlebis konkretuli mizezi rac iyo, rogorc

qvemoT davrwmundebiT, iranis mbrZanebelma Seusrula

da amis Semdeg saqarTveloSi dabrunda.

propaganda fidem domentis sakmaod dagvianebiT,

1711 wlis 24 ianvars gaugzavna werilze pasuxi. patri-

arqs romidan acnobebdnen, rom paps Zlier gaexarda mis

werilSi gamoTqmuli survili da mouwoda myarad idges

ganzraxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad2. papma ar darRvia

tradicia da saimedo araferi dapirda. ar mgonia si-namdviles Seeferebodes kaTalikosis ganzraxvebi jer gamahmadianebis Semdeg ki gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb. irani-


gv. 306. 2 iqve, gv. 306-307.

413

dan roSi gagzavnili werilis mizani iyo misionerebs

daemtkicebinaT romSi TavianT ufrosebisaTvis, rogori

did gavleniT sargeblobdnen iranSi da moxerxebulad

moqmedebdnen.

exla gavecnoT im qarTul wyaroebs, romlebic ka-

Talikos domenti IV-ze gadmogvcemen marTalia Zunw,

magram saintereso cnobebs misi iranSi yofnis mizanze.

vaxuSti batoniSvili wers: `xolo kaTalikozs domen-tis ara aufles kaxTa kaxeTs mamuli TÂsi. amisTÂs war-

vida winaSe yeenisa q~sa C~Rz, qar. t~Je. misrulsa kaTa-likozs pativ-sca yeenman da miscna yovelni mamulni TÂsni da niWi didi~. amis Semdeg domenti kaTalikosi

movida Tbiliss 1708 wels, mere Cavida kaxeTs imam

yulixanTan `da aufles mamulsa TÂssa da imyofeboda mosruli mcxeTas~1.

maSasadame, vaxuStis mixedviT, domenti iranis Sahs ar eaxla qarTlis taxtis saTxovnelad.

*** kaTalikos domentis politikur moRvaweobaSi mka-

fiod gamoCnda XVII s. bolo meoTxedis da XVIII s.

pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos uaRresad rTuli saSi-

nao da sagareo politikuri mdgomareoba, rodesac

qveynis mesveurebi gamudmebiT mokavSiris da `mSvele-

lis~ ZiebaSi iyvnen, magram amaod.

kaTalikosi domenti axalgazrdobidan cdilobda

rogorme Seumsubuqebina eklesiisa da samwymsos mdgoma-

reoba. Tavisi aqtiuri da principuli cxovrebis wesiT

mravali oponenti da mteric gaiCina, rogorc samSob-


cxovreba, IV, gv. 482.

414

loSi, ise mis farglebs gareT, mis შesaxeb vrcel-

deboda anekdoturi ambebi.

exla SevCerdeT kaTalikos-patriarqis im `cod-

vaze~, romlis mixedviTac igi Sahs hpirdeboda, rom

qarTlis taxtiss sanacvlod: gaugzavnida monaTa didi

raodenobas, gadauxdida xarks, gaugzavnida Sahis mier

datyvevebuli vaxtang VI-is ojaxs da samefos Tavadebsa

da didebulebs1.

qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, მas

Semdeg rac domenti gaxda kaTalikosi (1704 an 1705

weli), man yuradReba gaamaxvila qarTuli realobis

iseTi maxinj movlenaze, rogoric iyo adamianebiT vaW-

roba. marTalia, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi es saSi-

neleba iseTi sisastikiT ar mZvinvarebda, rogorc dasa-

vleT saqarTveloSi, magram mainc mowinave sazogado-

ebas ar SeiZleboda Tvali aeridebina im Sedegebisa-

Tvis, ra safrTxesac uqmnida es movlena qarTveli xal-

xis fizikur arsebobas.

moRweulia 1712 wlis 2 agvistos pirobis wigni, ga-

cemuli rusudan dedoflisa da baqar batoniSvilis

mier (am dros vaxtang VI ukve iranSi imyofeba), rome-

lic, vfiqrob, dawerili unda iyos kaTalikos domentis

moTxovniT. tyvis syidvis akrZalva, ra Tqma unda, pir-

dapiri gagebiT sagareo politikis im kursis de-

monstrireba iyo, romelic Tavisi arsiT mimarTuli iyo

zogadad osmaleTis saxelmwifos interesis winaaRmdeg,

magram im gamonaklisiT, rom konkretulad yaenisaTvis

1 sabuTebi saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierTobis istoriidan

(1707 wlis marti _ 1714 wlis dekemberi), nawili I, gv. 299;

vrclad: tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba

(XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 303-305; batoniSvili

vaxuSti // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 493

415

gankuTvnil tyveebze ar gavrceldeboda dokumentis Zi-

riTadi suliskveTeba. dedofali da ufliswuli xazs

usvamdnen im garemoebas, rom qarTlSi es seni SemTxve-

viTi xasiaTisaa: `rome zogs-erTs alagas tyvis syidva

gamoCnda da TquÀni viTac marTebuli iyo, egreT

iwyineT da gamoekideniT. axla es aRTqma dagvidvia Tqu-

Àns winaSe, sadac an sadedofloSi da an sauflis-

wuloSi, an saca CuÀns sabatonosa da mamulSi an tyvis

gamsyidveli gamoCndes da an gayidos vinme da an saye-

enos garda, CuÀns sabatonoSi tyve moiyuanos gasas-

yideli da hyuandes vinme da waarTvaT da TquÀn gauw-

yreT da gamoenaxneT, moikiTxoT, arca-vis amisTana saqme

aqnevinoT, arc viwyinoT da didaTac Ãeli mogimarToT

da Tu vinme win aRgidgeT da TquÀni neba ara qnas,

didaTac gamovenaxoT da uwyinoT. es asre mogvixsenebia

da dagvimtkicebia... Tu imerelman kacman moiyuanos

tyuÀ, Tu saqarTvelos kacman samosamsaxuroT Sesana-

xavaT daixsnas, Tvara gasasyidlaT nu iyidis da nurc

gayidis~1.

pirobis wignidan yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba,

rom domenti mzad iyo politikuri mosazrebiT kompro-

misze wasasvlelad osmaleTis sulTnis interesis

mimarT, raTa ar Seferxebuliyo `sayaeno~ tyveebis gay-

vana qveynidan. savaraudoa, domentim icoda patriarq

dosiTeosis pasuxi vaxtang VI-is kiTxvaze (1706 w. ivni-

si): rogor moqceuliyo maSin, rodesac Sahi qarTlis

mefisgan xarkis saxiT iTxovda qristianebis gagzavnas?

dosiTeosma mefes urCia ar Seewyvita xarkis gagzavna,

radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi samefo ufro metad

1 Акты Собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Коммисиею, т. I,

Тифлис, 1866, c. 55, №5.

416

dazaraldeboda1. domenti iTvaliswinebda osmaleTis

sulTnis Zalas da gavlenas da mzada iyo wasuliyo

daTmobaze.

gvaqvs erTi sayuradRebo da saintereso dokumenti,

romelic Seqmnilia fadiSah axmadis (1703-1730) kancela-

riaSi da gasagebs xdis, rom saqarTvelodan monebis

gayvana ar iyo osmaleTis saxelmwifos im politikis

nawili, romelsac igi atarebda saqarTvelos mimarT.

sulTani brZanebda, rom akrZaluliyo saqarTvelodan

tyveebis gayvana, magram unda gairkves vis ekrZaleboda

es xeloba. jer gavecnoT dokuments:

`qarTveli xalxis Semviwroebeli zogierTi samxed-ro piris da leki yaCaRebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb.

ebrZanos Cildiris da Tbilisis vilaieTebis mflobels da Tbilisis cixisTavs, vezir ishak faSas2.

Cems sasaxleSi mcxovrebma saqarTvelos patriar-qma3 warmoadgina gancxadeba, romelSic gvacnobebs, rom


istoriidan, (XVI-XVII ss.), gv. 223. 2 isay faSa iyo samcxis aTabagebis gamuslimebuli STamomava-

li, axalcixis faSa (1723-1735), romelic ganagebda Tbilisis

vilaieTsac. rogorc cnobilia, XVI saukunis bolodan Ti-

Tqmis yvela vilaieTis gamgebeli veziris tituls atarebda.

jiqia s., XVIII saukunis ori Turquli dokumenti // Tsu

Sromebi, t. 99. aRmosavleTmcodneobis seria, III, Tbilisi,

1962, gv. 153-172; sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisaT-

vis (1730-1732) / Turquli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT, Sesava-

liT, terminologiuri leqsikoniTa da faqsimileebiT gamo-

sacemad moamzada n. Sengeliam, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 100, Sen. 1. 3 vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg aRarc kaTaliko-

si domenti gaCerda saqarTveloSi. domenti osmalebs gaeri-

da da loreSi gadavida. domentis loreSi daukavSirda ra-

417

TbilisSi da mis SemogarenSi osmaleTis qveSevrdomi qristiani mosaxleobis sicocxlis, qonebisa da col-Svilis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb mravalgzis gamogzavnli umaRlesi brZanebis da Cems mier usafrTxoebis garanti-

is micemis miuxეdavad, zogierTi samxedro razmebi da

lekebis yaCaRTa jgufebi sofel-sofel dadian, Zarcva-ven da monad gayidvis mizniT itaceben bavSvebs. man (ka-Talikosma domentim _ e.m.) gamoTqva mwuxareba da iT-

xova mowyaleba. diadi saxelmwifos morCilebaSi myofi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi adamianebis gataceba da monad gayidvaze an maTTvis iotisodena zaralis miyenebaze fadiSahis umaRlesi neba ar yofila. Sen ki, Cemo ve-ziro, Tbilisis cixisTavi xar. Cemi miTiTebis mixedviT moZalade da adamianis gamtacebeli yaCaRebi xelSi Ca-igde da daakave. gatacebuli bavSvebi da damaluli qo-neba patronebs daubrune. damnaSaveebi kanonis Sesabami-sad da Seni kompetenciis farglebSi dasaje. qarTveli xalxi daicavi da maT daCagvras nu Seurigdebi. am sa-kiTxze Zalian yuradRebiT iyavi, risTvisac am firmanis miRebis Rirsi gaxdi.

jab faSa da kaTalikosi `moindo~. rogorc vaxuSti batoni-

Svili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, wers, domenti faSas Seeved-

ra, rom xonTqarTan gaegzavna, radgan varaudobda, rom iqi-

dan SeZlebda qarTlisaTvis daxmarebas. vaxuSti batoniSvi-

li // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508. faSam Txovna Seusrula.

stambolSi Casul domentis didi pativi miago sulTanma. sruliad gansxvavebul damokidebulebas adamianebiT vaWro-

bis mimarT, amJRavnebda sulTnis kari imave saukunis meore

naxevarSi, Tundac dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarT da iara-

RiT cdilobda solomon pirvelis mier adamianebiT vaW-

robis akrZalvis gauqmebas.

418

1138 wlis 10 rabiulahir / 1726 wlis 4 ianvari~1. citirebuli dokumentidan Cans, rom sulTani axma-

di Tavisi winamorbedi sulTnebis msgavsad ubrZanebda

saxelmwifo moxeleebs da samxedro mosamsaxureebs, rom

Sors daeWiraT Tavi dapyrobili mosaxleobis Seviwro-

ebisa da monebiT vaWrobisagan da, Tu sadme moxdeboda

amgvari danaSauli, maSinve aRedginaT samarTlianoba.

Znelia imis Tqma rogori efeqti hqonda kaTalikos

domentis TxovniT daweril sulTnis brZanebas, magram

zogadad Tu ganvixilavT dokuments, SeiZleba eWvi ar

gagviCdes sulTnis, rogorc saxelmwifoს meTauris, gul-

wrfelobaSi, magram arc imaSi mepareba eWvi, rom fadi-

Sahma icoda ramdenad sarfiani iyo Turqi monaTmova-

Wreebis saqmianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, gansakuTre-

biT zRvis sanapiro zolSi. maT aTasobiT qarTveli da

araqarTveli gogo-biWebi gahyavdaT saqarTvelodan da,

albaT, saxelmwifo xazinac garkveul Semosavals iReb-

da. ganxiluli dokumenti imis Tqmis uflebas iZleva,

rom samarcxvino saqmianoba mxolod saxelmwifos sam-

saxurSi myof adamianebs ekrZalebodaT, Torem vaWrobis

Tavisufleba `cocxal~ saqonelzec vrceldeboda.

adamianebiT vaWrobis aRkveTis mcdelobas ar ak-

lebda kaTalokosi domenti mTeli sicocxlis manZil-

ze, roca ki amis SesaZlebloba hqonda. amasTan dakavSi-

rebiT unda gavixseno gadasaxlebaSi myofi domentis

mier gagzavnili werili Tavis monacvle aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos kaTlikos besarion baraTaSvil-orbeli-

Svilsadmi (1724-1737). domenti sayvedurobs im gulgri-

lobisaTvis, man rom gamoiCina saqarTvelodan stambol-

Si gasayidad wayvanili 50 ymawvilis mimarT: `ra


2012, gv. 163.

419

mogiTxra, Tu viTar aoxrebul ars qveyana Cveni. me ara mwyenia, rom mama-papaTa sarwmunoebis uarmyofelma ie-

sem1 Sen dagadgina Cems nacvlad-kaTalikozad, me vsaso-ebdi, romel mefesTan egre daaxlovebuli mcvel da mfarvel eqmnebodi sarwmunoebasa Cvensa da ekklesiis damSvidebasa; ...50 yrmaTa daxsnisaTvis osmalTa tyveo-

bisagan, unda aReZraT guli Seni da dagexsna igini saukunosa da droebiT daRupvisagan. erTi mag yrmaTa-

gani aq konstantinopolSi gamosyidul iqmna somxis gasparas mier da Cemda moyvanebul mosamsaxured. yrma ese aris muxranidam da Ze boniaSvilisa; dRe da Ram afrqvevs cremlTa da ver iviwyebs samSoblos ganSo-

rebasa. vera rame ver anugeSebs mas da mis mware sico-

cxles samSoblos moSorebisa gamo uaRresad amZafrebs sulierTa CemTa wylulTa. sxva 49 yrmani stambolis salaybozed gansyidul iqmnen da wayvanebul tyveebad egvipteSi da alJirSi. ras fiqrob, ra pasuxi unda mis-

ce RmerTsa, romelman mogmadla Sen dacva qristes ekklesiisa SvilTa? vswuxar suliT, rom Sens movale-

obas mogagoneb, Tumca me Rirsi ara var gankicxvad Senda. hqmen, ra¡ca gsurs: me ganSorebul var gamgeo-

basa, garna siyvaruli RvTisa da TvisTa maiZulebs mogagono movaleoba Seni viTarca uxucessa mwyemssa ekklesiisasa~2.

yovelive rac zemoT iTqva domenti IV-is tyveTa

syidvasadmi damokidebulebaze, daujerebels xdis am

narkvevis dasawyisSi frangi d’isudenis gadmocemas,

1 qarTlis mefe iese, levan batoniSvilis Ze, vaxtang VI-is Zma

(ali yuli-xani, 1714-1716). 2 karbelaSvili p., ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTali-

kosni da mRvdelmTavarni, gv. 136-137.

420

rom kaTalikosi mzad iyo SahisTvis gaegzavna monaTa didi raodenoba, gadaexada xarki, gaegzavna vaxtangis ojaxi da samefos Tavadebi da didebulebi.

***

domenti IV-is sagareo urTierTobebidan yuradRe-

bas ipyrobs misi urTierToba ierusalimis orTodoq-

salur sapatriarqosTan.

kaTalikos domentis Tavidanve daZabuli urTierT-

oba Camouyalibda ierusalimis axalarCeul patriarq

qrisanTosTan. or patriarqs Soris dapirispirebis mize-

zi, rogorc SeiZleba vivaraudoT, patriarq dosiTeosis

dros ierusalimis sapatriarqos mier wminda miwaze

qarTuli monastrebis nagebobaTa miTviseba iyo. Ppatri-

arqi qrisanTosi cdilobda daesabuTebina sapatriarqos

`samarTliani~ moqmedeba da amisaTvis is saqarTveloSi

agzavnida `faqtebiT~ gajerebul werilebs.

bunebrivia, saqarTvelos eklesia ver Seegueboda

qarTuli taZrebis sapatriarqos iursdiqciaSi gadasvl-

as1, im mizezis gamo, romelsac berZnebi qarTul mxares

uyenebdnen. 1709 wels qrisanTosma kaTolikos domentis

gaugzavna werili, romelSic auwyebda, ratom Cavarda

qarTuli monastrebi valebSi, rogor cdilobdnen pat-

riarqi dosiTeosi da qarTlis mefe giorgi XI, erTob-

livad eSovaT saWiro Tanxa da monastrebi gamoesyi-

daT2.

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., ierusalimis wminda jvris monastris

istoria. Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 118-148. 2 `pirobis wigni” gamoqveynebulia samjer: pirvelad uTari-

Rod, meored 1678-1688 wlebis qveS. Акты Собранные Кавказскою

Археографическою Коммисиею, т. I, Тифлис, 1866, c. 26-27; qarT-uli samarTlis Zeglebi, III. saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zegl-

421

kaTalikosma domentim kargad icoda, rogor iz-

runa qarTulma mxarem valebis dasafaravad. man 1699

wlis axlo xanebSi Tavisi xeliT Caitana Tanxa ieru-

salimSi da patriarq dosiTeoss gadasca1. manamdec, `pi-

robis wignis~ Tanaxmad, mefe giorgi XI-m da didebuleb-

ma didZali Tanxa da sxvadasxva Zvirfaseuloba da saq-

oneli gaugzavnes patriarq dosiTeoss. savaraudoa, ka-

Talikosma domentim, imisaTvis, raTa ierusalimis axa-

li patriarqisaTvis egrZnobinebina saqarTvelos ekle-

siis uaryofiTi ganwyobileba imis gamo, rac moxda qa-

rTul monastrebTan dakavSirebiT, man TbilisSi arse-

buli jvarismamis eklesia2, romelic ierusalimis wmin-

da jvris monastris metoqi iyo, CamoarTva berZen ber-

ebs.

1709 wels patriarqma qrisanTiosma kaTalikos do-

mentis gaugzavna werili, romelSic igi adresats Seax-

senebda im dros, rodesac karg mdgomareobaSi myofi sa-

qarTvelodan ierusalimSi didZali fuli igzavneboda.

ebi (XI-XIX ss.). teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo i. doliZem, Tbilisi, 1970, gv. 592-594; mamisTvaliSvi-li e., ierusalimis wminda jvris monastris istoria. Tbili-

si, 2016, gv. 123-127, 200-201. ramdenadac `pirobis wigni” dosi-

Teosis saqarTveloSi yofnis dro Seadgines, misi TiTqmis

zustad daTariReba SeiZleba – 1681 wlis 15 ivnisi – 30 ivl-

isi. 1 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi. XVII-XIX ss. / teqstebi ga-

mosacemad moamzada, gamokvlevebi, SeniSvnebi da ganmartebe-bi daurTo, prof. avT. ioselianma, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 45.

2 jvarismamis eklesia dResac arsebobs da mdebareobs Zvel

TbilisSi, sionis sakaTedro taZris siaxloves, ierusalimis

quCaze. agebulia XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze. beriZe v., XVI-

XVII saukuneebis qarTuli saeklesio xuroTmoZRvreba,

Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 25-26.

422

SemdegSi qarTuli monastrebi valebSi Cavardnen, ramac

gamoiwvia maTi TandaTanobiT dasusteba da, sabolood,

isini daiketa. mdgomareoba Seicvala mas Semdeg, roca

gamefda giorgi XI da da ierusalimis patriarqi iyo

dosiTeos II-is. es ukanaskneli saqarTveloSi Cavida,

xolo mefem da patriarqma qarTlis didebulebTan er-

Toblivad ganizraxes qarTuli monastrebisaTvis eSve-

laT. magram saWiro Tanxa ver Segrovda da danaklisi

sapatriarqom Seavso, ris gamo wminda uflis saflavs

valebi daedo. mefe giorgi patriarq dosiTeoss

hpirdeboda, rom saWiro Tanxas iSovida da valebs da-

faravda, magram giorgi mefe iranSi gaiwvies da

danapirebis Sesruleba veRar SeZlo. werilis dasas-

ruls qrisanTosi domenti kaTalikoss sTxovda, ierusa-

limis jvris monasterisaTvis daebrunebina saxli Tbi-

lisSi da gadaeca igi ierusalimis sapatriarqos warmo-

madgenel arqimandrit sergisaTvis1.

rodesac patriarq qrisanTosis pretenziebs vecnob-

iT, bunebrivia unda movixmoT is dokumentebi, romlebi-

Tac dosiTeosi acnobebs vaxtang mefes, rom qarTul

1 qrisanTosis adresatebi iyvnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

kaTaTalikosi domenti IV da mefe vaxtang VI. mesxi T., ieru-

salimis patriarqi qrisanTosi (1707-1731) da saqarTvelo //

goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universiteti. humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti. istoriisa da arqeologiis cent-

ri. SromaTa krebuli, #15, Tbilisi, 2018, gv. 73-104.

werilSi xsenebuli sergi 1688_1709 wlebSi iyo ierusa-limis wm. jvris monastris pirveli berZeni winamZRvari.

jvarismamobis damTavrebis Semdeg papa sergiosi saqarTve-

loSi darCa. igi monawileobda vaxtang VI-is dros qarTlis

samefoSi gaCaRebul kulturul cxovrebaSi. mamisTvaliSvi-

li e., ierusalimis wminda jvris monasteri, Tbilisi, 2016,

gv. 182-183.

423

mxares araviTari vali aqvs da monastrebi maTi sakuT-

rebaa, mxedvelobaS maqvs `pirobis wigni~ da dosiTeos-

is 1706 wlis inisisa d ivlisis epistoleebi vaxtang VI-

isadmi. patriarrq qrisanToss unda vupasuxoT patriarq

dosiTeosis im sityvebiT, romlebiTac is amTavrebs 1706

wlis ivlsis epistoles: `vinc marTlmadidebeli qrist-iania, is aRiarebs yovelive amas, xolo vinc winaaRmde-gi iqneba, an sxvanairad azrovnebs, is warmarTi da mwva-lebeli, eklesiis mteri, iverTa Rirsebis cilismwame-beli, RvTiur madls da RvTis didebas moklebulia...~1

qrisanTosis werilSi laparakia im saxlze, rome-

lic 1678 wels giorgi XI-m jvarismamasa da monastris

bers Tbilisis galavnis gareT uboZa. ierusalimis wm.

jvris monasteri manamde rom metoqis saxiT TbilisSi

ukve flobda jvarismamis eklesias, Cans qarTlis mefe

erekle pirvelis mier 1692 wels gacemuli sigelidan2.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare unda vTqvaT: kaTaliko-si domenti IV yvelgan da yovelTvis icavda qarTuli eklesiis interesebs.

***

Sahis mier vaxtang VI-is iranSi gawvevas da qarT-

lis taxtze mis damtkicebis samagierod gamahmadianebis

moTxovnas, Sedegad mohyva vaxtangis uari da mis irani-

dan aRar gaSveba. is qirmanSi gadaasaxles, sadac imyo-

feboda 1719 wlamde. vaxtangisaTvis am kritikul dros

kaTalikosma domentim gadadga uaRresad mniSvnelovani

politikuri nabiji: misi TaosnobiT episkoposebma da,

1 iqve, gv. 201-202, 222-229.

2 dokumentebi XVI-XIX ss. Tbilisis istoriisaTvis, Sekre-

bili niko berZeniSvilisa da mamisa berZniSvilis mier, I,

Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 126

424

saerTod, samRvdeloebam `qristesTÂs iZulebulisa vax-tangisaTÂs neba-mowmoba sces~1. maSasadame, eklesiis msa-

xurebma Seqmnes dokumenti, romliTac vaxtangs eklesia

nebas rTavda qveynis sasikeTod, radgan sxva gamosavali

ar arsebobda, mas formalurad Seecvala sarwmunoeba.

cnobilia qarTuli eklesiis msgavsi moqmedebis sxva

faqtebic e. w. mahmadian mefeebis mimarT, rac maTs pat-

riotulad da politikurad gamarTul azrovnebas adas-

turebs.

amgvarad, domentim da masTan erTad aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos eklesiam daufaravad gamoxata vaxtangi-

sadmi mxardaWera. amis Semdeg vaxtangis mowinaaRmde-

geni, pirvel rigSi misi naxevarZmebi _ svimoni da iese

domentis, vaxtangis namdvili Zmis, mowinaaRmdegenic

iyvnen. iese `romeli iyo TofCbaSi~ da mis xelqveiT

myofi Tbilisis guSagni, `Seasmendnen yeensa dawviTa yoranisaTa da sxvaTa mravalTa ujerTa mahmadianTa ze-da~2. svimonsa da iases hyavdaT Tanamoazreebi, romle-

bic vaxtangs aseve SahTan `Seasmendnen~: movusminoT va-

xuSti batoniSvils: `Seizraxen sÂmon da mTavarni qarT-lisani vaxtangis borotsa zeda, rameTu, raJams daipyra vaxtang oseTi da ganawyo mcvelni TÂsni, mieriT eSinodaT giorgis da daTunas erisTavTa mamulTa maT-Ta dapyrobisa, amisTÂs miuweres yeensa: àra gvnebavs vaxtang, aramed mogvivline iese~3. vaxtangsa da dome-

ntis Soris ganxeTqilebis gamosawvevad maT gaavrceles

xma TiTqos domentic umiznebda qarTlis taxts. vax-

tangis nacvlad qarTlis gamgeblad daniSnulma misma

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 493. 2 iqve, gv. 492 3 iqve, gv. 492-493.

425

naxevarZma svimonma, Seipyro domenti da vaxtang VI-is

vaJs, memkvidre batoniSvils, baqars gadasca. vaxuSti

batoniSvili mogviTxrobs: `Seipyra sÂmon kaTalikozi domenti zakÂT da warmouvlina baqars, raTa aRmoÃados Tualni. garna ara hyo ese dedofalman rusudan da iyofoda maT Tana pativiTa. xolo yeensa ra esma vax-tangisaTÂs eseni, aRuZnda da ara ineba egreT. aramed omaraTagan1 iZulebulman warmoavlina iese mefed qarT-lisad niWiTa, vinaÁTgan aReTqua ieses yeenisaTÂs warvlnebad dedofali da Zeni vaxtangisani da xuTasni qarTvelni colSviliT, raTa daasaxlos farabaTs~2. rogori daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba moyvnali amonari-

didan? vaxuSti xazgasmiT gveubneba, rom svimonma

boroti ganzraxviT (zakviT) Seipyro domenti. man aseve

boroti ganzraxviT gaugzavna baqars domenti dasas-

jelad, rac mgonia, imisaTvis gaakeTa, rom baqaris, ro-

1 konteqstis mixedviT unda iyos omiras mniSvnelobiT, rac

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT àrs despani xangrZli-

vad myofi~. sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, t. IV1 // av-tografiuli nusxebis mixedviT gamosacemad moamzada ilia

abulaZem, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 516. sxvadasxva drois qarTul

wyaroebSi daculia Semdegi diplomatiuri terminebi, rome-

lTa ganmartebebi kidev ufro naTels gaxdis omiras mniSv-

nelobas: mociquli, despani, elCi da omira da isini TiTqos

erTnairi mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari. iqve, gv. 295.

es terminebi sulxan-saba orbelians Semdegnairad aqvs gan-

martebuli: `mociquli ese ars R~Tisa mier movlinebuli

Sjulis maswavlebelad; despani ars mefisagan mefesTan mig-

zavnili mociqulad saqmesa rasame zeda; omira ars despani xangrZlivad myofi~. did leqsikologs elCi, rogorc ara-

qarTuli (Turquli) sityva ganmartebuli aqvs calke: elCi

_ `qarTulad despani da omira~. iqve, gv. 519. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 493.

426

gorc vaxtangis memkvidris diskreditacia moexdina. Ta-

vis adgilas vityvi, rom svimoni ieses gamefebis momxre

iyo. dedofali da batoniSvili sruliad kargad xvde-

bodnen domentis dapatimrebisa da baqarisaTvis gada-

cemis mizans, miuxvdnen vaxtangis sawinaaRmdego zrax-

vebs, domenti TavianT ojaxSi Seifares da amiT daic-

ves xelyofisagan. mosalodneli iyo vaxtangis ojaxze

SurisZieba. amitom vaxtang VI-is meuRlem, dedofalma

rusudanma da batoniSvilebma _ baqarma da giorgim

raWas Seafares Tavi. domenti kaTalikosi qarTlSi dar-

Ca1.

friad sayuradReboa is rac Semdeg moxda: Sahs

Turme vaxtangis sasikeTo zraxvebi hqonda, magram

gadaifiqra mas Semdeg rac mas moaxsenes zemoaR-

niSnuli. iranSi didi xniT myofma vaxtangis mowinaaR-

mdegeebma, romlebic sasaxlesTanac daaxloebuli iyvnen

da qarTlis samefos warmoadgebdnen (omirebi), aiZules

Sahi, rom qarTlis mefed daeniSna iese, romelmac aRu-

Tqva vaxtangis colSvilis da xuTasi qarTveli dide-

bulis colSviliT iranSi gadasaxleba. vaxtangi tyve-

obaSi datoves. iese, marTalia gamefda, magram ara-

viTari cnoba ar gagvaCnia, Seusrula Tu ara danapirebi

Sahs. SeiZleba is braldeba (Sahs rom vaxtangis col-

Svilsa da xuTas qarTvel didebuls iranSi gadaa-

saxlebda) vaxtangis momxreebis fantaziis nayofi iyo.

amgvarad, domenti IV vaxtang VI-is da misi qarT-lSi mefobis momxre iyo.

1 iqve, gv. 494.

427

***

qarTlSi gamefebulma iesem domenti isev aRadgina

kaTalikosad, rac, savaraudoa, vaxtangis momxreebsa da

mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris kompromisis Sedegi iyo. isic

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kaTalikos domentis didi

avtoriteti hqonda saqarTvelos samRvdeloebaSi, rasac

iese, miuxedavad mahmadianobisa, aucileblad gauwevda

angariSs. kaTalikosi Tvals ar xuWavda ieses qristian-

obisa da qarTvelisaTvis miuRebel saqcielze: `xolo iese iyo mSuebeli da ganmcxromeli uwesobiTa yrmaTa Tana da ugvanTa mReraTa~. man Tavis dedis biZa qaixo-sro amirejibs waarTva coli da TviTon SeirTo. yove-

live amis gamo kaTalikosma da episkoposebma amxiles

iese1.

vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg domen-

tic aRar gaCerda saqarTveloSi. amiT isargebla iesem

da mis adgilze dasva besarion baraTaSvili.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis TxzulebaSi Semonaxuli cno-

bebis gacnobis Semdeg, gasagebia vin avrcelebdnen Wor-

ebs domenti kaTalikosze. am saqmeSi didi `damsaxureba~

hqondaT vaxtangis naxevar Zmebs, samefos gaZlirebis

mowinaaRmdege didebulebs da gansakuTrebiT Sahis

karze mokalaTebul e.w. òmerebs~, romlebic kaTali-

kosze Worebs awvdidnen ispaanSi myof frang misio-

nerebs, romlebic d’isudenis saSualebiT igzavneboda

parizsa da versalSi.

1719 wels vaxtangi qarTlis mefobas Seudga. man

maSinve represiebi ganaxorciela mowinaaRmdegeebis mim-

arT. mas rom eWvi hqoneboda kaTalikosis loialobaze,

is rogorc aiyvana kaTalikosis taxtze, iseve Camoiy-

1 iqve, gv. 494

428

vanda da sxva mraval usiamovnebasac SeamTxvevda. magram

man es ar gaakeTa, ufro metic, adre miniWebuli wya-

lobebi ganuaxla. emigraciaSi (ruseTSi) myofi mefe vaxtangi, rog-

orc Cans, wuxda osmaleTis tyveobaSi myofi domentis

mdgomareobiT da cdilobda mis gaTavisuflebas ruseT-

is xelisuflebis CareviT. 1731 wlis martSi vaxtangma

TxovniT mimarTa ruseTis sagareo urTierTobebis xel-

mZRvanel a. ostermans, rom sulTnis winaSe ofocial-

urad daeyenebinaT sakiTxi domentis ganTavisuflebisa

da saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb1.

moxmobili magaliTebi sarwmunos xdis, rom mefe vaxtangi darwmunebuli iyo kaTalikosi domenti IV-is erTgulebaSi.

***

cnoba kaTalikos domentis vaxtangTan dapirispire-

bis, ufro sworad Ralatis Sesaxeb, Semogvinaxes som-

xurma qronikebma. erTi anonimuria meore ki ekuTvnis

abraam erevancis. somexi avtorebi kaxTa mefis mier

Tbilisis aklebas (1723 wlis 4 maisi) domenti kaTa-

likosis xelis Sewyobis Sedegad miiCneven. anonimi qro-

nisti mogviTxrobs avRanelebis mier damarcxebuli Sah-

Tamaz II-is (1722-1732) cud mdgomareobaze, rom mas darCa

mxolod 500 mebrZoli da udidesi saSiSroebis winaSe

imyofeboda. Tamazma Sikrikebi gagzavna vaxtang mefes-

Tan da daxmareba iTxova2. mefem Sahs uari uTxra im

1 paiWaZe g., vaxtang VI, Tbilisi, 1981, gv. 170. 2 `Sah-Tamazma Sikrikebi gagzavna qarTlSi mcxeTis ìSxan~

vaRdanTan da (SeuTvala) masTan saSvelad misvla. sigelic

gaugzavna sadac ambobda: àvRaneTis gorozi aRimarTa

Cvens saxelmwifoze, eoma mamaCems... mokla mamaCemi da Cemi

429

mizeziT, rom ar ZaluZda miatoveba Tavis qveynisa,

romelsac mtrebi aumxedrdnen. aseTi pasuxiT

ganrisxebulma Tamazma kaxeTis mefe mahmad yuli-xans

(konstantine II, 1722-1732) ubrZana vaxtangi Seepyro da

masTan mieyvana1.

konstantinem, vaxtangis mterma, isargebla xelsay-

reli SemTxveviT da Sahs daJinebiT mosTxova vaxtangis

qarTlis mefobidan gadayeneba. Sahi iZulebuli iyo

konstantines moTxovna daekmayofilebina. imave dros is

gamoacxada Sahis nacvalad da erevnis gamgeblad. vax-

tang VI-em konstantine daamarcxa.

somexi qronistebi amis Semdeg mogviTxroben kons-

tantines mier 6 000 lekis gadmoiyvanisa da vaxtangis

samefoze Setevis axal ganzraxvaze. mas kaTalikos

domentis daxmarebis imedi hqonda, romelic mcxeTis2

gadacemas dahpirda, samagierod konstantine mas kaxeTs

dahpirda Tu mcxeTas da vaxtangs xelSi Caagdebinebda.

rogorc anonimi mogviTxrobs, 1723 wlis 2 maiss ka-

Talikosma saidumlo werili gaugzavna konstantines da

imedi gamoTqva, rom Sexvdeboda mas mcxeTaSi, romlis

kars gaRebuls daaxvedrebda. vaxtangma araferi icoda

mis winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis mzadebis Sesaxeb. qro-

Zmebi, moZaladeobiT aaoxra Cveni samefo, axla iCqare

CemTan mosvla, raTa SevZlo Cveni samefos damangrevelis gandevna~. abraam erevanci, omebis istoria / Zveli somxu-

ridan Targmna, SesavliT da komentariT gamosca l. dav-

lianiZem, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 17. 1 iqve, gv. 17-18. 2 anonims qarTlis samefos dedaqalaqad miaCnda mcxeTas.

Армянская анонимная хроника 1722-1736, c. 7. SeiZleba mas mxedve-lobaSi hqonda is garemoeba, rom mcxeTa aRmosavleT saqar-

Tvelos sasuliero dedaqalaqi iyo.

430

nistis gadmocemiT, rodesac vaxtangs acnobes, rom

mzaddeboda Ralati, konstantinesTan SeTanxmebulma ka-

Talikosma daarwmuna qarTlis mefe, rom rasac mas eub-

nebodnen Ralatis Taobaze, tyuili iyo. `gamahmadiane-buli mehmed yuli-xani da kaTalikosi SeTanxmdnen, rom ukanasknels ise daeWira Tavi rogorc mehmed yuli-xanis mters da vaxtangis megobars. daTqmul dRes, gaTene-bamde, lekebi miadgnen qalaq mcxeTas da moulodnelad Secvivdnen. isini gaifantnen qalaqSi, xocavdnen yvelas visac Sexvdebodnen, Zarcvavdnen yvelafers rac xelSi moxvdebodaT, maT Soris oqros da vercxlis sagnebs. lekebi ar iyvandnen tyveebs da roca cixis damcvelebma dauwyes brZola, maT gaitaces naZarcvi da amjobines msubuqad gasclodnen qalaqs. am areulobis Jams vax-tangs aRarafris gakeTeba SeeZlo. man colSvili wai-yvana, qalaqi Cumad datova da moskovSi gaiqca. rac Seexeba moRalate kaTalikoss, lekebma miatoves Tu ara qalaqi, is maTTan erTad wavida da mehmed yuli-xans SeuerTda. maT daiwyes ufro meti jaris Sekreba, raTa axlidan dasxmodnen mcxeTas~1.

1 abraam erevanci, omebis istoria, gv. 18.-19; Армянская анонимная

хроника 1722-1736, c. 7. kupataZe b., upricipo kompromisi qarT-

ul diplomatiaSi (kaTalikosi domenti IV). gv. 256-257. p. karbelaSvilis `qronikebSi~ aris Semdegi pasaJi: `kaxbatoni

warvida WarSi da gamoiyvana jari lekisa, moadga Tbilissa

da daiWira. d maiss [SafaTs] 1723 w. aq daixocnen mravalni darbaiselni, giorgi amilaxori da sxv. [uRalates mefes

mxlebelT da Zmebma svimonma da iesem da yvelani

TavTavisTvis wavid-wamovidnen. mohgvara mejinibem cxenebi

da] mefe vaxtang avida gors, baqari duSeTs~. karbelaSvili

p., ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTalikosni da

mRvdelmTavarni, gv. 88.

431

meore somexi mematiane abraam erevanci SedarebiT

mokled da Sinaarsobrivad mcireodeni gansxvavebiT ga-

dmogvcems igive ambavs: mahmud-yuli-xans àzrad hqonda moulodnelad, RamiT dasxmoda Tavs, raTa qalaqis karebi uurdulod, dauketavi daxvedroda, Tavisi ja-riskacebiTurT swrafad SeWriliyo Sig da yvela boroti saqme swrafad erT saaTSi daesrulebina. am saqmeSi mas Tavis mSvelelad hyavda qarTveli kaTa-likosi, romelsac faruli cbierebiT Signidan unda gaeca qalaqi. amisTana saqmeze man Tanxmoba misca imis gamo, rom mahmad-yuli, romelic (sarwmunoebis) uarmyo-feli iyo, mas enaTesaveboda da werilobiT da sityviT kaxeTis mxares saCuqrad hpirdeboda, Tuki misi Ralatis saSualebiT mcxeTas da valdas Caagdebinebda~1.

qarTulma wyaroebma ar ician kaxeTis mefisa da

kaTalikosis raime SeTanxmeba vaxtang VI-is winaaRmdeg.

vis cnobebs eyrdnobian somexi mematianeebi? abraam ere-

vancis Txzulebis qarTul enaze mTargmneli varaudob-

da, rom albaT raRac kavSiri arsebobda domentisa da

kaxT mefes Soris Tbilisze Tavdasxmis dros, Torem

mTlad usafuZvlod somexi mematianeebi ver SeTxzav-

dneno. rogorc Cans, sxva braldebebis msgavsad esenic

usafuZvloa.

yvelaze sando mowme kaTalikosis udanaSaulobisa aris TviT kaTalikosi.

aRiniSna, rom kaxTa mefem lekebis razmiT Tbilisi

aiRo 1723 wlis 4 maiss, domenti 13 maiss swers petre I-

s: `q. uzeSTaes brwyinvalesa TviT-mpyrobelsa, maRalsa imperatorsa... movaxseneb... awe, Cemi samwyso saqarTvelos usjuloni moerivnen da Zma Cemi vaxtang, iavar hyves,

1 abraam erevanci, omebis istoria, gv. 18-19

432

xatni da jvarni, eklesiani cecxlisa mier dawvnes da mravalni sulni qristianeni moswyvidnes, oÃer hyves qalaqni da sofelni da, Cven rom aqauri ambavi wvrilad mogvewera da mogvexsenebina, graZlad movidoda da mTels aqaurs ambavs tolstovi ivan andreviCi1 wvrilad moaxsenebs. Cven xelis kacis gaZleba axla aq Znelia, raxanac usjuloni mogverivnen. xelmwifes amas vexvewe-biT, vin icis, rom gza viSovoT da mand viaxloT, magaTis mowyalebisagan Segviwyalos da yuri mogvigdos da Segvinaxos, mlocveli da mosamsaxure gvamyofos maT safarvels qveSe da yovlis dRiT dRe magaTs wyalobis moimedeni var Tu iqnebodes, Tu ara, amisi brZanebis wignis momlodine var~2.

qronistebis monaTxrobis mimsgavsebuli raime

cnoba qarTulma saitorio mwerlobam ar icis. magram

is ki cnobilia, rom kaxelebisa da lekebis mier

mcxeTis aklebis gamo domentim Tavisi wuxili gamoxata

1725 wels `sjulis kanonze~ warweraSi. is ambobs:

`...davixsen sjulis kanoni ese... patriaxman domentim odes jer lekTa gatexes sveti cxoveli... urumni movidnen da daipyres qveyana ese Cveni qarTli, maSin... warmostyvevnes saydari da tyve hyves saydris amis raoden (?) wignebi, xolo Cven Zieba vyavT da raoden vpoveT davixseniT fasiTa da isev sveti cxovels SevswireT... qks (u)ig~3.

1 petre I-is warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi. 2 kaTalikosis werili miiRes peterburgSi imave wlis 25 iv-

liss, magram masze pasuxi ar aris cnobili. Акты Собранные

Кавказскою Археографическою Коммисиею, т. I, Тифлис, 1866, с. 152 3 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebi-

li, qronologiurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T.

433

***

vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi wasvlis Semdeg, domenti

osmalebs gaerida da loreSi gadavida. mis nacvlad ie-

sem kaTalikosad besarion baraTaSvil-orbeliSvili da-

ayena (1724-1737). aucileblad aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc

dokumentebidan Cans, domentim, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi

samSoblodan mowyvetis miuxedvad, aRmosavleT saqarT-

velos patriarqi masTan SeTanxmebis gareSe mniSvne-

lovan gadawyvetilebebs ar iRebda, rac saqarTveloSi

domentis did avtoritetze da misadmi pativiscemaze

miuTiTebs. domenti, faqtiurad, `mTavari~ patriarqi

iyo.

domentis loreSi daukavSirda rajab faSa da

kaTalikosi `moindo~. rogorc vaxuSti batoniSvili

wers, domenti Seevedra faSas, rom xonTqarTan

gaegzavna, radgan varaudobda iqidan SeZlebda qarTli-

saTvis sikeTis gakeTebas1. faSam Txovna Seusrula.

stambolSi Casul domentis didi pativi miago sul-

Tanma. ieses gardacvalebis Semdeg (1727 w.) axalcixis

faSa isayi, romelic imave dros Tbilisis vilaieTsac

ganagebda, qarTlis faqtiuri mefe gaxda. mas SeSurda

kaTalikos domentis pativi sulTnis karze, SeTxza cru

braldeba, romelic zogieTma qarTvelma daumowma da

xonTqarTan daasmina. faSam, albaT, ieWva, rom kaTali-

kosi sulTnis karze samefo taxtis mopovebas cdi-

lobda. is xom warmoSobiT qarTlis taxtis potenciuri

kandidati iyo, rasac faSa ver dauSvebda. misi dasmeniT

Jordanias mier, III. gamosacemad moamzades givi Jordanian da

SoTa xanTaZem, Tbilisi, 1967, gv. 99. 1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508.

434

domenti daapatimres da tenedoss gadaasaxles1, sadac

cxra weli gaatara.

TviT kaTalikosi domenti sulTanTan stambolSi

Tavisi gamgzavrebis mizezs aRwers 1737 wlis 12 maiss

ruseTis imperatrica anna ioanes asulisaTvis gagzav-

nil werilSi2. werili gagzavnilia patriarqis mier

tenedosidan stambolSi dabrunebis Semdeg: àxla amas movaxseneb TviTmpyrobels, dids Ãelwifes. aqamdis boxCas3 eqsoria viyveniT. axla yizilbaSis elCma gviT-xova4, aq stambols mogviyvanes. axla amas movaxsenebT (imperatricas _ e.m.) da vexvewebiT, rom Cveni qveyana da samwyso saqarTvelo usjuloT TaTarT rogor waxdines yvela moexseneba. iq Cvengan aRar gaiZleba, aq mcveli

1 iqve, gv. 508-509. 2 arsebobs kaTalikos domentis mier peterburgSi gagzavnili

ori werili, romlebic gamoqveynebulia aseTi Tanmimdev-robiT: 1737 w. 15 maisis werili imperatrica elizaveta

petres asulisaTvis (1741-1762), meore ki, daTariRebulia 1737

wlis 12 maisiT. am werilis adresatia imperatrica anna ioanes asuli (1730-1740). ra Tqma unda, pirveli werili ver

gaegzavneboda im adresats, vis saxelzec igi daiwera,

ramdenadac elizaveta petres asulis gamefebis droisaTvis

domenti gardaicvali iyo. Sinaarsis mixedviT, orive werili

anna ioanes asulisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. Переписка на

иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими государями от 1639 по 1770, с. 216-219. domentis mier amgvari Secdoma praqti-kulad SeuZlebeli iyo. savaraudoa, saqme gvaqvs gamomqvey-

neblis xarvezTan. 3 boxCa, igive tenedos. `romelsa uxmoben TaTarTa eniTa

boRCa adas, xolo berZnuleb saxel sZevs tenedo~.

Такаишвили Е., Материалы для истории Грузии, Тифлис, 1885, c.

68. 4 xazgasma Cemia.

435

da mfarveli aravina gvyavs, arc ra sazrdo gvepoeba ram. amToni didis Ãemwifis wyaloba iyos rom yuri mogvigdos, mowyaleba yoT, gvipatronoT. erTs alags dagvayenoT da gagvaZlebinoT. aStarxani iyos, Tu Tergi, Tu solaRi, Tu TrRu, Tu darubandi. amaebs alagSi sazdos da sarCos wyalobac gviyon. magaTi mlocveli da momxsenebeli magaT safarvels qveS viyvneT, rom aravisi fiqri da SiSi gvqondes, rom aravin ra Segvcodos da gvawyinos, CvenTvis uzrunve-lad viyvneT. kidev amas vexvewebiT dids Ãemwifes da movaxseneb: saca viyvneT, aqa Tu sxvagan, Ãemwifis wyaloba da ulufis wyaloba gveZleodes, magaTi mloc-veli da momxsenebeli dRiv da Rame gvamyofon~1. amgva-rad, kaTalikosi domenti imperatricas sTxovda ruse-

Tis imperiis samxreTSi, saqarTvelosTan axlos dasax-

lebis ufleba mieca da arsebobis saSualebebiTac uzr-

unveleyo. ruseTSi gagzavnil werilebSi Cans qveynisa

da misi piradi tragedia.

Znelia Tqma, ra aucileblobam ganapiroba kaTalik-

os domentis mier 2-3 dRis Semdeg, 15 maiss, peterburgSi

imave imperatricasTvis, romelic qarTul teqstSi

moxseniebulia elisabedad, sxva werilis gagzavna. eli-

sabedi daaxloebiT oTxi wlis Semdeg gamefda, roca

domenti ukve cocxali aRar iyo. amasTan erTad sain-

teresoa isic, rom werils TviT kaTalikosi wers da

elisabeds mimarTavs Semdegi sityvebiT: `brwyinvaleo da keTil-morwmuneo, didebulo, didisa samefosa qala-qisa moskovisa da yovlisa ruseTisa Ãelmwifisa da TviT-mpyrobelisa petres asulo, ufalo, ufalo eli-sabed... aw, Tu ikiTxos da inebos brwyinvalebaman

1 Акты Собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Коммисиею, т. I, с. 219.

436

Tqvenman Cvenisa amas cxovrebas saqmeni, raodenni Wirni da gansacdelni moiwivnes qveyanasa da samwysosa ek-lesiisa CvenTa zeda yovelive moxsenebul ars da uw-yiT. wartyvenes da moaoxres da iavar yves da tyve yvnes sulni uricxvni qristianeni. vwuxdi da vzrunavdi dRe da Rame da veZebdi Semweobasa da kurnebasa maTsa amisa. Semdgomad ukve movida bZaneba xelmwifisa (osmaleTis sulTani _ e.m.): `Tu moxval da monaxao (? _ e.m.), Sensa qveyanasao samwysosa da eklesiasa yovelsave SvebiTa da myudroebiTa vamyofebo~. amisTvisca meca viTarca gvib-Zanebs ufali Cveni ieso qriste wmindasa saxarebasa Sina `dasdev suli Seni cxovaTa SenTaTviso~, davsdev suli Cemi da warmuel winaSe maTsa. moviwie ra winaSe maTsa wel naxevars ukan esoria myves boxCasa da iq viyofodi cxra wel didsa Wirsa da Sewuxebasa Sina, da merme, mogviyvanes aqa, konstantinopolesa da gviTxres viTarca wesia maTi zfviTa da sicruviTa sityvani da Tqmani maTni `yizilbaSni xarTo, yizilbaSSi wadiTo~. yizibaSis elCs Zleva dagvwyes da Cven ara vinebeT da arca davinTqrniT warmarTsa maT Sina da Tavi davixseniT viTme cameti qisa gagvivida da miveciT, vali aviReviT da vali gvaqvs qisa cameti~1.

ruseTSi gagzavnil werilebSi, rogorc zemoTac

aRiniSna, Cans qveynisa da kaTalikos domentis piradi

tragedia. werili imiTac aris sayuradRebo, rom osma-

leTi da irani aRmosavleT da dasavleT `saqarTve-

loebs~ TavianT samflobelobad yofdnen da erTmaneTis

interesebs aRiarebdnen da pativs scemdnen. iranis el-

Cis moTxovnis Sesabamisad osmaleTis xelisufalT ga-

nizraxes kaTalikosis yizilbaSi elCisaTvis gadacema.


государями от 1639 по 1770, с. 217.

437

amgvari moqmedebis gamarTleba imiT scades, rom radgan

aRmosavleT saqarTvelo yizilbaSuri iranis gavlenis

sfero iyo, iqauri qarTvelebic, maTi gagebiT, yizil-

baSebi iyvnen.

rogorc zemoTcitirebuli werilebidan Cans osma-

leTis mTavrobas iranis samefo karis (elCis) moTxo-

vniT kaTalikosi domentis iranSi gagzavna undoda, mag-

ram domentim didi qrTamis (13 qisa) gadaxdiT Tavidan

aicila sulTnis gadawyvetilebis ganxorcieleba. saWi-

ro Tanxa valaT aiRo ierusalimis sapatriarqosgan,

magram mis gadaxdas veRar axerxebda. kaTalikosi ruse-

Tis imperatricas sTxovs: àxla amas vevedrebiT RvTis moyvareobasa Tqvensa, rom wyaloba gviyoT da xeli aRgvipyroT, mogvexmaroT, mowyaleba hyoT, rom es va-lebi gadavswyvitoT...~1. domentis gaWirvebul yofas os-

maleTSi adasturebs iese tlaSaZe. mis mixedviT kaTa-

likosma 1739 wlis 20 marts ierusalimis sapatriarqo-

dan 4300 levi sesxad aiRo. am valis gadaxdas iT-

xovdnen ierusalimis patriarqebi: meletiosi (1731-1737

ww.) da parTeniosi (1737-1766 ww.)2.

roca kaTalikosi besarioni gardaicvala, domenti

jer imereTSi mivida, Semdeg qarTlSi gadmoiyvanes da

aRadgines kaTalokosad3, rac nadir Sahis mondomebiT

moxda: `pativiT Seiwynara da warmoavlina qarTlsave

kaTalikozad~ _ wers vaxuSti batoniSvili4.

1 Тамже, с. 217 2 tlaSaZe i., kaTalikoz-baqariani / e. TayaiSvilis gamocema,

tfilisi, 1895, gv. 26; AalimbaraSvili i., domenti IV kaTali-

kosi // soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti, Tbilisi, 2015, gv.

115. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 516. 4 iqve, gv. 518.

438

***

daujerebelia yvela is cnoba, romlebic kaTa-

likos domenti IV-s saxaven marTlmadideblobis mgmo-

belad da vaxtang VI-is konkurent-mowinaaRmdged, mis

mtrebTan SeTanxmebulad moqmed pirovnebad. nuTu SeiZ-

leba im yvela braldebis seriozulad miReba im kaTa-

likosis mimarT, romelsac ekuTvnis qvemoT citirebuli

werili, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom igi domentim Tavis

Zma ieses dasaxasiaTeblad dawera, magram masSi, zoga-

dad, Tavis mrwamssac gamoxatavs: `gana ara fiqrobda iese qristes uarmyofeli, rom odesme warsdgeboda winaSe missa, romelic uarhyo mxolod imitom, rom mtrebTan erTaT aReRo maxvili saTrgunavad samSob-losa yovelTa siwmindeTa? qveynieri tanjvani warma-valni arian, RmerTi ganhkurnavs wylulTa morwmuneTa ZeTasa, garna vaÁ¡ maT, romelni Tav erisa sdgan da udebebiT ara ifaraven Tanamdebobisaebr momakvdavTa erisaganTa. kurTxeva RvTisa iyavn samSoblosa zeda Cvensa, ganusvenos RmerTma sulsa aRwyvedilTasa sasu-fevelsa Tvissa! akurTxnes RmerTman igini, romelni zecierTaebr Semwed qristiane erisa iRvwian da eqmne-bian mamad da nugeSinismcemlad daoblebulTa da CagrulTa~1.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT ra xdeboda domenti IV-is Ta-

namedrove saqarTveloSi, rodesac iSviaToba ar iyo

1 karbelaSvili p., ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTali-

kosni da mRvdelmTavarni, gv. 118. kaTalikos domenti IV-is

mier sarwmunoenis Secvlisa da samefo taxtisaken swrafvis

uarmyofeli argumentebi vrclad ix. alimbaraSvili i.,

domenti IV kaTalikosi. gv, 97-100.

439

cru dasmena da Worebis gavrceleba, Cemi azriT,

upiratesoba unda mivaniWoT vaxuSti batoniSvilis

monaTxrobs, romelic iyo ambis Tanamedrove da samefo

karTan axlos mdgomi. vfiqrob, vaxuSti ar daindobda

da arc daindo vaxtang mefis mowinaaRmdegeebi Tundac

isini batoniSvilebi yofiliyvnen da simarTles Semo-

unaxavda Semdgom Taobebs.

***

aramarTebulad mimaCnia saeWvo franguli wyaro-

ebis mixedviT msjeloba imaze, rom TiTqos qarTlis

taxtze pretenzia ganacxada kaTalikosma domentim da

imazec, ra saSinelebanic daatyda Tavs mas amgvri saq-

cielis gamo1.

unda vifiqroT, rom kaTalikos-patriarq domentis

iranis SahTan vizitma saTave daudo miTqma-moTqmas vax-

tang VI-s mowinaaRmdge qarTvel politikosebsa da ba-

toniSvilebSi. yvela dainteresebuli piri dasaxele-

buli faqtidan iseTi daskvnis gamotanas cdilobda

rogoric mis interesebSi jdeboda.

rogor iqmneboda saqarTveloSi da iranSi do-

mentis gasakicxi Worebi, amis Sesaxeb zemoT ukve vi-

laparake. isic aRiniSna, rom qarTulma saistorio mwer-

lobam domenti IV-is Sesaxeb Semogvinaxa ZiriTad

dadebiTi cnobebi. unda gairkves ra mizans emsaxure-

boda misi komprometireba da ratom iyo dainterese-


ri istoriidan. 1712-1745, gv. 33-37; dondua v., daviT gura-

miSvili da saqarTvelos istoria, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 93;

tabaRua i., saqarTvelo-safrangeTis urTierToba (XVIII sau-

kunis pirveli meoTxedi), gv. 303.

440

buli qarTvelTa erTi nawili da zogierTi ucxoeli

gaevrcelebina domentis `saZraxisi~ moqmedebani.

1. qarTuli dokumenturi da naratiuli wyaroebi,

sarwmunos xdis, rom domenti IV-s arasodes gamouTqvams

pretenzia qarTlis samefo taxtze; ibrZoda tyvis

syidvis winaaRmdeg; aqtiurad uWerda mxars wignis

beWdvas; igi arc TviTon wasula zneobriv da sarwmu-

noebriv kompromisze da arc sxvebs patiobda; man ar

daindo ori genialuri qarTvelic ki _ SoTa rusTa-

veli1 da sulxan-saba orbeliani. es ukanaskneli ar

asaxelebs domenti kaTalikoss, magram ueWvelia is

unda yofiliyo organizatori im represiuli Ronis-

Ziebebisa, romelic xangrZlivi mogzaurobidan dabru-

nebul sulxan-sabas mimarT ganxorcielda2. misi waqe-

zebiT unda momxdariyo kaTolikebis devna, sulxan-

sabas evropidan mogzaurobidan samSobloSi dabrunebis

Semdeg3. misi ukompromisoba iyo mTavari mizezi misi

mowinaaRmdegeebis gamravlebisa. amitom moTqvamda gamwa-

rebuli kaTalikosi domenti: `me mamigones tyuili, ka-

cis yurs smodes arodes~-o4.

2. aRiniSna, rom uaryofiT cnobebs kaTalikos do-

menti IV-is Sesaxeb, werilobiTi saxiT vnaxulobT pier

d’isudenis mier safrangeTSi gagzavnil werilebSi. is

piradad icnobda iranSi tyveobaSi myof vaxtang VI-s da

1 baramiZe a., SoTa rusTaveli. monorafiuli narkvevi, Tb,.,

1958, gv. 375-376; leoniZe g., sulxan-saba orbeliani. Tbilisi,

2004, gv. 111. 2 sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, gamosacemad moam-

zades s. yubaneiSvilma da r. baramiZem, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 245. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 334-336. 4 tlaSaZe i., kaTalikoz-baqariani, gv. 49.

441

SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobda daxmareboda. misi saSua-

lebiT igebda safrangeTis mTavroba iransa da saqarT-

velos ambebs da domenti kaTalikosis Sesaxebac. mas

undoda `gamahmadianebuli~ yofili patriarqis sapiris-

pirod gamoekveTa vaxtangis saxe, romelic iyo erTguli

qristianobis (kaTolikobis) da safrangeTis mefis.

d’isudenis azriT, yovelive is, rac vaxtangis irgvliv

arasasiamovno xdeboda, pirvel rigSi iranSi maRal Ta-

namdebobebze myofi misi Zmebis, svimonisa da ieses

intrigebis Sedegi iyo. d’isudens da masTan erTad sxva

kaTolike misionerebs qarTlis taxtze dabrunebuli

vaxtangi miaCndaT safrangeTis savaWro da politikuri

interesebis gamtarebelad amierkavkasiaSi. aRniSnuli

miznidan gamomdinare maT Seqmnes domentis uaryofiTi

portreti, raTa CaegonebinaT safrangeTis mTavrobisa-

Tvis, rom mosalodneli iyo domentisnair pirovnebas

daekavebina qarTlis samefo taxti, rac ewinaaRmdegebo-

da sfrageTis interesebs. saWiro iyo safrangeTis mTav-

robis gaaqtiureba Sahis tyveobidan vaxtangis dasaxs-

nelad.

3. somexi qronistebis naSromebis qronologiuri

CarCo aris XVIII s. 20-30 iani wlebi. isini saqarTvelos

ambebs gadmogvcemen 1722-1723 wlebis qveS. gviyvebian qar-

Tlisa da kaxeTis mefeTa dapirispirebasa da urTierT-

brZolaze; Cans, rom maTi simpatia vaxtangis mxares

aris; vfiqrob, maTi pozcia ganpirobebuli iyo somxebis

qarTlis mefisadmi pozitiuri damokidebulebiT. som-

xebs vaxtangi miaCndaT erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli

brZolis beladad, romlis droSis qveS gaerTiandnen

aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis xalxebi ruseTTan erTad

iranis batonobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. miuxedavad

imisa, rom wamowyeba, romelSic somxebi sagrZnoblad

aqtiurobdnen, ver iqna bolomde miyvanili petre I-is

442

araprognozirebadi moqmedebis Sedegad. vaxtangis mi-

marT ganwyobileba mainc dadebiTi darCa.

rom gvcodnoda romel aRmsareblobas ekuTvmodnen

somexi qronistebi, maSin iolad gasagebi iqneboda maT

mier domenti IV-is uaryofiTad warmoCenis motivebi.

Sua saukuneebSi adamianebis daxasiaTebis dros

upiratesi mniSvneloba hqonda imas Tu romel konfesias

ganekuTvnebodnen dasaxasiaTebeli da damxasiaTebeli.

im drosac iSviaToba ar iyo sxva religiis warmo-

madgenlebisTvis iseTi ramis dabraleba, rac bunebaSi

ar momxdara. radgan qronistebi uaryofiTad axasia-

Teben qarTvel patriarqs, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom

isini grigorianelebi iyvnen da marTlmadidebel patri-

arqs miaweren iseT codvebs, romlebic mas ar Caudenia.

imis daSvebac SeiZleba, rom qronistebze garkveuli

gavlena moaxdines domentisTan dapirispirebulma qar-

Tvelma didebulebma da vaxtangis momxre kaTolikebma.

443

kaxTa mefe konstantine II-is

sagareo politika da diplomatia

konstantine II — kaxeTis mefe 1722-1732, erekle I-is

Ze, naSobi mxevlisagan, Teimuraz II-is Zma. konstantine

daibada da aRizarda ispahanSi (amis Sesaxeb is aRniSna-

vda 1724 wels petre I-is warmomadgenlis, general a.

matiuSkinisaTvis gagzavnil erT-erT werilSi1). misi

mahmadianuri saxeli iyo mahmad yuli-xani. mefoba miiRo

Zmis, daviT II-is (imamyuli-xanis) gardacvalebis Semdeg.

Sahma kaxeTis taxtTan erTad uboZa erevani, SamSadili

da yazaxi, male erevnis nacvlad eboZa ganjisa da

yarabaRis gamgebloba.

vaxuSti batoniSvilis daxasiaTebiT: `xolo iyo ese mahmad-yulixan friad mahmadiani, laRi da amayi, mdidari da mesisxle, rameTu ara ridebda mciresa zeda kacTa sikudilisa~2. konstantines gamefebidan mTeli

ori weli aRsavse iyo vaxtang VI-sa kaxeTis mefes

Soris brZolebiT, ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTve-

loSi, aramed pirvelobisaTvis azerbaijanis zemodasa-

xelebul provinciebSic3.

kaxeTSi axalgamefebul konstantines lekebis Tav-

dasxmebis asalagmavad Sahis mxardaWera sWirdeboda.

Sah-Tamazis keTilganwyobis mopovebis mizniT daupiris-

pirda Sahis morCilebidan gasul qarTlis mefe vaxtang

VI-s.

pirveli, vinc iaraRi aRmarTa qarTlis samefoze

iyo kaxeTis mefe konstantine II, romelmac Tavisi moq-


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 167. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 619. 3 iqve, gv. 619-622.

444

medeba Sah-TamazTan SeaTanxma. Amis Sesaxeb vaxtang me-

fem petre I-s mouTxro 1723 wlis 10 maiss gagzavnil

werilSi: `mas Semdeg rac qarTlis mefe ganjas gaeSura imperatorTan Sesaxvedrad, kaxT batoni mtrad agvidgao. man Sahs miswera, vaxtangs `didi Ãelmwife mohyavso~1.

Sahma konstantines daavala Seepyro vaxtangi da

ispaanSi Caeyvana2. konstantinem moiTxova vaxtangis

mefobidan gadayeneba, razec damakmayofilebeli pasuxi

miiRo. man 6 aTasi leki gadmoiyvana da maTi SewevniT

aiRo mcxeTa, rac dasturdeba domenti IV kaTalikosis

mier `sjulis kanonze~ 1725 wls gakeTebuli warweriT3.

1723 wels Sahis mier vaxtang VI-is gadayenebis

Semdeg qarTli konstantine II-s eboZa. Tavdapirvelad

qarTlisaTvis brZolaSi konstantine II damarcxda, mag-

ram lekebis daxmarebiT 1723 wlis 4 maiss Tbilisi

aiRo. vaxtang VI, misi Ze baqari (Sahnavaz III) da maTi

momxreebi Sida qarTlSi gamagrdnen. am dros iran-

osmaleTs Soris omi (1723-1727) iyo da osmalTa laSqari

arzrumis faSa ibrahimis sardlobiT Tbilisisaken mii-

wevda. vaxtang VI-m mas damorCilebis niSnad baqari da

iese miageba. konstantine II TviTon miegeba osmalTa

sardals soRanluRSi, Tbilisis cixis gasaRebi Caabara

da qarTlis mefobis SenarCuneba sTxova, Tanac erevnisa

da ganjis damorCileba aRuTqva.


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 147-148. 2 Армянская анонимная хроника 1722-1736. Перевод с турецкого З. М.

Бунятова, Баку, 1988, с. 7. 3 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebi-

li, qronologiurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T.

Jordanias mier, III, gv. 99.

445

konstantine II-is mier vaxtangis damarcxebis

Semdeg (1723 w.) osmalebma igrZnes saSiSroeba, rom irani

Tavisi satelitis saSualebiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

daeufleboda. ivnisSi osmalebi Tbiliss miadgnen, kons-

tantinem sataxto ubrZolvelad daTmo. osmalebi Tbi-

lissa da aRmosavleT amirkavkasias daeuflnen. Tbili-

sis aRebam stambolSi didi sixaruli gamoiwvia. rog-

orc inglisis elCi stoniani londonSi moaxsenebda,

damatebiTi jaris nawilebi saqarTveloSi sulTans mi-

si, staianis, rekomendaciiT gaugzavnia1.

1723 wlis 12 ivniss osmalebi TbilisSi Sevidnen.

vaxtang VI-m moqrTama faSa da man qarTlis gamgebloba

baqars misca, xolo konstantine II daapatimra. male

baqaris faruli xelSewyobiT konstantine II cixidan

gaipara, kaxeTSi gadavida da osmalebis winaaRmdeg

brZolisaTvis mzadebas Seudga. mas kvlav lekebis

daxmarebis imedi hqonda, amitom maT saSualebas aZ-

levda kaxeTze gavliT moewyoT Tavdasxmebi qarTlze,

romelic am dros osmalebs hqondaT dapyrobili.

bunebrivia, es garemoeba osmalebs ar darCaT SeumCne-

veli da konstantines Sepyroba surdaT. konstantine

fSavSi gaixizna. Semdeg baqaric ganudga okupantebs da

osmalebma Tbilisis gamgebloba vaxtangis Zma ieses ga-

dasces.

ruseTs mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia kaxeTis same-

foSi Seqmnili mfgomareoba da ganizraxa, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi, misi gamoyeneba Tavisi kavkasiuri poltikis

ganxorcielebisaTvis. rogorc aRiniSna, a. volinski 1720

wels dainiSna astraxanis gubornatorad da daevala

Seegrovebina cnobebi iranis ekonomikuri, politikuri

1 Маркова О. П., Россия, Закавказье и международные отношения,

Москва, 1966, с. 28.

446

da samxedro mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. ruseTi farulad

unda momzadebuliyo iranis winaaRmdeg omisaTvis. a. vo-

linskis daevala, agreTve, rogorc vaxtang VI-is, ise

konstantine II-is Sesaxeb Seegrovebina cnobebi da miemx-

ro igi. kaxeTis mefe ruseTisaTvis gansakuTrebiT imi-

tom iyo saintereso, rom is namyofi iyo ispaanis

mmarTvelad da, bunebrivia, mniSvnelovan informacias

flobda iranis saSinao mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

qarTlidan gandevnili vaxtang VI raWidan swerda

yubis saxanoSi, salianSi1, mdgom imperatoris elCs,

general-leitenant a. matiuSkins (adresatma werili

miiRo 1724 wlis 21 maiss): `q. didebulo, amaRlebulo da patiosano elCo... me, mefe vaxtang, siyvaruliT mogikiTxav: merme, SaTirebi gamovgzavne da Tqveni wigni ara hqonda. axla es kaci gviaxlebia da Tqveni ambavi yvela somxureb daawerine da isre mogvwere. radgan Ãelmwifis bZaneba eg aris. `jariT kaxeTSi gamobr-

ZandebiT~. Cven aq jars SeviyriT, kaxeTSi mogegebebiT, romelic am qveynebis saqme aris yvelas mogaxsenebT da neba Tqvenia~2.

rogorc Cans, qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebi Seri-

gebulan da vaxtangi amitom apirebda kaxeTSi Casvlas

da Tavisi jaris iqaur jarTan SeerTebas. dazustebas

moiTxovs g. paiWaZis mosazreba: radgan konstantine

Tavis werilebSi ar asaxelebs qarTlis mefis saxels,

1 matiuSkinis saliansSi yofnis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia konstan-

tine II-is mier petre I-saTvis gagzavnil mxolod erT, weri-

lSi, Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Россий-

скими государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 169. saerTod ki, matiuS-

kinis mier petresaTvis gagzavnili werilebi gagzavnili sa-

lianidan, mravlad arsebobs. 2 Тамже, c. 156.

447

imiT unda aixsnas, rom vaxtang mefe mas ar Seurigda1.

qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebs Soris imdenad Zlieri

konfrontacia da SeiaraRebuli Setakebebi, erTmaneTis

samflobeloebis akleba moxda, rom, bunebrivia, maTi

Serigeba am sityvis namdvili gagebiT ver moxdeboda.

isini Serigdnen mxolod mocemuli momentisaTvis da

ara samudamod, rac kargad gamoCnda SemdegSi, rodesac

konstantine cdilobda ruseTis saimperatoro karis

mxardaWeris mopovebas. magram es miuRweveli aRmoCnda

sxvadasxva garemoebaTa, maT Soris, moskovSi vaxtangis

momxre qarTuli diasporis moqmedebis Sedegad..

vaxtang mefis Semdeg, romelic ukve Crdilo kav-

kasiaSi iyo gadasuli, saqmeSi CaerTo misi memkvidre,

mefe baqari. aris Zalian mokle, magram bevris mTqmeli

dokumenti _ baqar mefis werili, romliTac is mima-

rTavs kaxelebs: `q. Cveni brZaneba aris siRnaRis mola-

Sqreno da sxvas somxiTis molaSqreno. merme, Tqvenman SaTirman2 rac gvianbo, gavigoneT. didis imperatoris elCi mand mosula3, Tqven xom didis Ãelmwifis erT-

1 paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725

wlebi) // saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli

saarqivo sammarTvelo. samecniero-sainformacio biuletini #1 (9), Tbilisi, 1963, gv. 25.

2 Sikriki. 3 `didis imperatoris elCi mand mosula~ («посоль великаго

Императора прибиль туда») ar gulisxmobs elCis Casvlas sak-

uTriv kaxeTSi, rac kargad gamoCndeba qvemoT ganxilul we-

rilebSi. amave werilSi naTqvamia, rom qrTlis jari kaxeT-

Si SeuerTdeboda adgilobriv jars, magram ar aris aRniS-

nuli Semdeg sad wavida qarTl-kaxeTis jari. baqari, vfiq-

rob, laparakobda konstantine II-is gamgeblobaSi arsebul

teritoriebTan siaxloves, saliamSi elCis yofnaze.

448

gulni xarT da Cvenic erTgulni xarT, rasac mag elCs kargad moepyrobiT da msaxurebT, Tqvenze hkidia~1. imis garda, rom vigebT ruseTis elCis kaxeTSi yofnis

Sesaxeb, yuradRebas ipyrobs is, rom baqari kaxeTis mefe

konstantine II-s ki ar mimarTavs, aramed gaurkvevel

adresatebs. Semdgomi movlenebi gviCvenebs, rom konstan-

tines survili iyo ruseTTan daemyarebina urTierToba

da daxmareba mieRo. amitom dasaSvebia, rom kaxeTis

mefes siRnaRis da somxiTis `molaSqreTa~ saxiT hyavda

iranis momxre didebulTa opozicia, romlebic ar iyv-

nen kaxeT-ruseTis kavSiris momxreni.

amgvarad, konstantine II-sTvis ara mxolod cno-

bili iyo ruseTis interesi kaxeTis samefosa da misi

mefis mimarT, aramed is, savaraudoa, aqtiurad iyo Cab-

muli petres warmomadgenelTan molaparakebaSi. kons-

tantinem general matiuSkins werili gaugzavna da ga-

moxata sixaruli ruseTis sardlis jariTurT kaxeTis

sazRvarTan misvlis gamo: `q. Tqvenis mravlis sikeTiT Semkobilis da Cvengan sanaxavad sanatrelis kais Tavis adre Seyris, musaibobis didad monatre, mefe kons-

tantine. mogaxseneb, Cveni didad pativ safarvelo da sanaxavad didad sanatrelo, batono. mravali TqvenTvis sikeTe mouklebelisa da CvenTvis zurgad da imedad mosalodnelis Tavis Sesaferi mokiTxva da xlebis da alersis natra mogvixsenebia: merme, didisa da yovlis qveynis mpyrobelisa, ÃelmwifeT Ãelmwifis, didisa da Zlieris laSqrisa da sardlis aqaT mobrZaneba gavi-

goneT da RmerTs madli miveciT da didaT gavixareT.

1 werili gadagzavnilia peterburgSi general-leitenant ma-

tiuSkinis mier 1724 wlis 29 maiss. Переписка на иностранных

язиках грузинских царей с Российскими государями от 1639 по 1770

гг., с. 156.

449

CvenTvis da Cveni qveynisTvis. amis ukeTesi RTis wya-

loba raRa iqneba. awe, radgan RmerTman imaTi aqeT mobZaneba gvaRirsa da Tqveni ase Cvenzed siaxloves mobZanebuli xarT, kaci miaxlebia da amas nu iqT, rom aq ar mobZandeT. mobZandiT, mnaxeT da romelic batonis sardlis bZaneba aris, SegvatyobineT da Cvenc imaTs bZa-nebas gavaTavebT da xuTiod eqvsi mandauri ufrosi qevxiedac1 wamoiyvaneT~2.

citirebuli dokumentidan yuradRebas gansakuTre-

biT ipyrobs mefe konstantines Txovna rusi sardli-

sadmi, rom is rodesac kaxeTSi mividoda Tan mieyvana

qevxiedebi anu qevxudebi. vfiqrob, gasaziarebelia am

terminis is gageba, romelic gulisxmobs did vaWars. am

TxovnaSi konstantines Cadebuli aqvs azri, romelic

erTsa da imave dros gamoxatavs kaxeTis samefos poli-

tikur da ekonomikur interesebs. mefe cdilobda rusi

politikosi daeinteresebina kaxeTiT, rogorc samxedro

TvalsazrisiT, ise abreSumis yaWis mwarmoebeli same-

foTi, da amgvarad gaeRvivebina kaxeTisadmi ruseTis

yuradReba, romelic didad iyo dainteresebuli am

saqonlis ruseTis gziT tranzitiT. ra Tqma unda,

rogorc konstantine varaudobda, generali matiuSkini

kaxeTSi waiyvanda aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis qalaqebis

(Saqis, Sirvanis...) didvaWrebs, romlebic Cabmulni iyvnen

1 gamomcemlis ganmartebiT unda iyos _ qevxudac. qegxuda,

qevxa _ ìgivea, rac mamasaxlisi~. qarTuli enis ganmartebi-

Ti leqsikoni. erTtomeuli, Tbilisi, 1986. qeTxuda _ gada-

taniTi mniSvnelobiT – xnieri, pativsacemi, darbaiseli kaci.

iqve. qevxuda _ didi vaWari, pirveli moqalaqe. Грузинский

толковый словарь с русскими комментариями, 2013. 2 Переписка на иностранных язиках грузинских царей с Российскими

государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 165.

450

saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi. maT icodnen saqarTvelos

savaWro-ekonomikuri potencialis Sesaxeb da ruseTis

warmomadgenels miscemdnen saWiro axsna-ganmartebebs1.

magram konstantine II-s imedi ar gaumarTlda. rusi

generali kaxeTs ar ewvia. rogorc Cans, petre pirveli

ukmayofilo iyo vaxtang da konstantine mefeebs Soris

arsebuli urTierTdapirispirebiT, SeiaraRebuli brZo-

lebiT da konfliqtSi damnaSaved miaCnda konstantine.

kaxTa mefem amis Sesaxeb ieWva, Tu acnobes, Znelia, zus-

tad raimes Tqma. yovel SemTxvevaSi Cans, rom konstantine

cdilobda sinaTle Seetana am sakiTxSi a. matiuSkinisa-

Tvis gagzavnili weriliT. mis werilSi vkiTxulobT: `q. bednier batons, sardals, erTi es movaxsenoT, rom egeba Cemi da qarTlis batonis samduravi da SuRli moxsendebodes. amas uwin CvenSi samduravi iyo, magram axla, Cven Serigebulni da erTmanerTis Zmani da moyva-

1 saqarTvelos mniSvnelobaze saerTaSoriso savaWro-ekonomi-

kur urTierTobebSi, ix. e. TayaiSvilis mier gamoqveynebul

XVII-XVIII saukuneTa mziTvis wignebi. saqarTvelos siZvele-

ni, II, tfilisi, 1909, gv. 432-434; saqarTvelos siZveleni, III, tfilisi, 1910, gv. 477-500; masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri

istoriisaTvis, w. III (aRmSenebloba, saxelmwifo ekonomika,

qoneba) / masalebi SearCia da gamosacemad moamzada n.

berZenisvilma, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 225, 339, 360, 416, 444-445, 470, 484, 513, 520, 529, 530-535; megrelaZe d., masalebi saqarTvelos

ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis (julabaSvilebis davTari) // ma-

salebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, nakv. 35, Tbilisi, 1963; gabaSvili v., XVI-XVIII ss. saqarTvelos qala-

qebi maxlobeli aRmosavleTis savaWro urTierTobaTa Suqze

// narkvevebi maxlobeli aRmosavleTis qalaqebis istori-

idan, Tbilisi, 1966; kacitaZe d., axlo aRmosavleTis qveyneb-

Tan da ruseTTan saqarTvelos savaWro-ekonomikuri urTier-

Tobis istoriidan (XVII-XVIII ss.), Tbilisi, 1990 da sxv.

451

reni varT da Cveni rCeva da qarTuli erTi aris da, rac SegviZlia, saqarTvelos mtrebis pasuxsa vscdi-

lobT da ornive maRlisa da qveynis ganmanaTlebelis ÃelmwifeT mlocavi varT~1. imis dasaamtkiceblad, rom

vaxtangTan kargi urTierToba hqonda, konstantine

imasac acnobebda, rom, rodesac man gaigo rusebis

saliamSi yofnis Sesaxeb, maSinve gaagebina vaxtangs:

ìmasTan wigni mivswere da Tqveni mobZaneba Sevatyo-

bineT, imisi sami Tavadic aq CemTan arian da imisi kaci da wigni aq CemTan mova, da Cems kacsa da imis kacs or-sav erTad Tqvens samsaxurzed kidev gaxlebT da es Cemi kaci adre gamoabruneT da Tqveni ambavi male gvib-ZaneT, rom qarTlis batonsac SevatyobinoT da saqarT-velos qveyanamc Tqveni ambavi Seityon da Tqvenis ime-

diT Tavisi Tavi mtris Ãelisagan Seinaxon da gamag-

rden~2. 1724 wels mefe konstantinem kidev erTxel, mesamed

da, sabolood, gaugzavna werili imperatoris warmomad-

genels. werilSi xazgasmuli iyo, rom RmerTs Seebrala

mterTagan gaoxrebuli saqarTvelo da monastrebi, rac

gamoixata imaSi, rom xelmwifem Tavisi uZleveli laSqa-

ri da sardali gamogzavna. `Cven mudam RmerTs amas vexvewebodiT, rom egeba RmerTman Zlieris ÃelmwifeT Ãelmwifis uZleveli laSqris Cvenis qveynis siaxloves mobZaneba gveRirsos~3.

mefe konstantine rus sardals Seaxsenebs, rom ka-

xeTis amJamindeli mefis papa da mama, Teimuraz I da

erekle I romanovebis ojaxs emsaxurebodnen, maTi mama-


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 164-165. 2 Тамже, c. 164-165. 3 Тамже, c. 166.

452

papac konstantines wanaprebs wyalobas ar aklebda,

risi damadasturebeli wyalobis wignebi xelT hqonda.

mefes unda, rom qarTul da rusul samefo karTan

urTierTobis tradicia gagrZeldes. àw, es movaxsenoT, radgan RmerTman Tqveni aqaT gamobZaneba gvaRirsa, kaci gviaxlebia da romelic maRlis ÃelmwifeT Ãelmwifis neba da bZaneba iyos, gvibZaneT, rom Cveni Tavi maTs erTgulad samsaxurze gavsajoT~1.

werilis dasasruls mefe konstantine aRniSnavda,

rom man rus generals ramdenjerme kaci gaugzavna da

surda saqarTvelos ambebis Setyobineba, magram misma

Sikrikma, gzis sirTulis gamo, adesatamde ver miaRwia.

ra Tqma unda mefem Tavis vercerT werilze pasuxi ver

miiRo. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom gzis sirTule, rome-

lzec konstantine miuTiTebs, ar iyo imperatoris war-

momadgenelTan kontaqtis daumyareblobis namdvili mi-

zezi. imperatoris kaci, savaraudoa, sagareo saqmeTa

kolegiis miTiTebiT moqmedebda. mas daavales, rom ar

hqoneboda kontaqti mefe konstantinesTan, romlis Sesa-

xeb, albaT, bevri ram uaryofiTi icodnen uSualod

vaxtang mefis, arCilisa da moskovis qarTuli dias-

poris saSualebiT. am garemoebas, rogrc Cans, iTva-

liswinebda TviT mefe konstantine da vaxtangTan Seri-

gebasa da kargi urTierTobis damyarebaze amaxvilebda

yuradRebas.

radgan matiuSkinisgan pasuxs ver eRirsa, kaxTa me-

fem gadawyvita uSualod petre pirvelisaTvis miemarTa.

àxla Cemi kaci Ãelmwifis samsaxurzed gamigzavnia, (ar vici _ e.m.) miawiva, Tu ara~ - acnobebda konstantine

imperatoris elCs.

1 Тамже.

453

rogorc Cans, mefe konstantinem ar icoda, rogor

Seicvala (droebiT) ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlo-

baSi ruseTis kavkasiuri politika da misi damokide-

buleba iranisa da osmaleTis mimarT maTTan dadebuli

sazavo xelSekrulebebiT, maSin, rodesac igi elCs

mouwodebs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg erToblivi brZoli-

saken: `cota ram urumis laSqari qalaqSi dganan, oTxi, xuTi aTasi kaci hyavT, jer magdeni Zala ara aqvsT, Cemsa da qarTlis batonis (baqaris _ e.m.) ÃelSi Cag-

debas cdiloben, magram Cemi da qarTlis batonis qar-

Tuli da rCeva erTi aris, da rac SegviZlia erTmane-

rTis ZaliTa vcdilobT, rom saqarTvelo srul imaT ÃelSi ver Caigdon. Tu RmerTman gvaRirsa, rom Tqven adre win wamosdeqiT da male mobZandiT, sadac gvib-

ZanebT, me da qarTveli batoni, orniv, iq giaxlebiT da Tqvenis jaris beladobas da samsaxurs RTiT SeviZlebT da Tu Tqven daigvianeT, meca da qarTvel batonsa mtrebi diaR saqmes gagviWireben da saqarTvelos rac darComila amasac gaoxreben... rac aq urumis jaria, amaT Tqven win dadgoma ar SeuZlianT. leknic Tqvengan SeSinebulan, Tqveni Sebma ar SeuZlianT. RTiT, Tu Tqven axlos mobZandeT, adre me da qarTlis batoni, Tqvenis ZaliT amaT pasuxs Zlevas dauwyebT~. mefe

konstantines mniSvnelovnad miaCnia, rom elCma

`kaxeTis qveyanas~ erTi imediani werili misweros,

rom rusebis misvla marTla daijeron da gamxnevdnen.

mniSvnelovania konstantines is survilic, rom rusma

elCma werili gaugzavnos somxebs, raTa maTi laSqari

qarTvelTa laSqars SeuerTdes. rogorc Cans kons-

tantines unda manac is roli Seasrulos, romelic

Seasrula vaxtang mefem amierkavkasiis darazmvaSi ru-

sebTan erTad iranis winaaRmdeg gamosasvlelad. `rom Tqvenad mobrZanebamdin mters win daudgeT da, rac

454

darComila saqarTvelo, SevinaxoT, ganja da yarabaxi xom Cems ÃelT aris da amas garda sxva yizilbaSis qveynebic magaTis mobZanebis mdomni arian da sam-saxuric undaT~1.

marTalia, matiuSkini konstantines ar pasuxobda,

magram Tavis mTavrobas ki aucileblad moaxsenebda yo-

velive imas ra informaciasac Seicavda konstantines

werilebi. erT-erTi werilT matiuSkni acnobebs Tavis

mTavrobas: kaxeTis mefe mahmad yuli-xanis mier ganji-

dan weriliT gagzavnil isai-begs brigadis general

Tavad baritinskisTvis ucnobebia rom kaxeTis xans gau-

gia Turqebis ganzraxvaze Tavsdasxmodnen da aeRoT ga-

nja da daepyroT mTeli sparseTi. imisaTvis raTa

Turqebs ganzraxva ver ganexorcielebinaT, konstantine

iTxovda ganjaSi gaegzavnaT ruseTis jari. kaxeTis mefe

ar malavda, rom ganjis dacviT dainteresebuli iyo pi-

radad. ukve sami weli iyo rac iranis Sahma mas gadasca

ganjis gamgebloba. TbilisSi miiRes cnoba, rom osma-

lTa jari ramdenime faSis meTaurobiT (CamoTvlilia

romeli faSa, romeli mxridan) SeiWreba iranSi. magram

mefem ar icis osmaleTis jaris raodenoba, is ki icis

rom ganjelebs gadawyvetili aqvT mtkiced dauxvdnen

Turqebs. magram Tu maTi Zala sakmarisi ar iqneba, Sah-

Tamazs ganzraxuli aqvs mivides gilianSi an baqoSi, iq

sadac ruseTis jari dgas. Sahma kaxeTis xansac ubr-

Zana, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganjidan baqoSi mivi-

des, sadac SeZlebs gadairCinos sicocxle2.

1 Тамже, c. 167-168. 2 АВПР (Архив внешней политики России), ф. Cношения России с

Грузией, 1724 г. д. №2, л. 87; paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi), gv. 26.

455

radgan rus elCze am Segonebamac ar gaWra, amis

Semdeg konstantine II-m petre I-s dauwera werili, mag-

ram misi rusulad mTargmneli rom aravin iyo amitom

igi imperatoris elCs gadasces salianSi, man ki gadaag-

zavna peterburgSi. konstantine Cioda, rom imperato-

risgan pasuxi ver miiRo. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas

imsaxurebs is, rom:

1. konstantines elCisaTvis gaugzavnia ori Tavadis

Svili, magram ar Cans, ra mizniT. unda vivaraudoT, rom

axalgazrdebi mZevlebad gagzavnes1 elCTan, magram ar

ar aris cnobili, isinic werilTan erTad gagzvnes

peterburgSi, Tu elCma TavisTan daitova salianSi;

2. konstantine xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom

kaxeTis mefe da sasuliero ierarqia erT poziciaze

arian (`Cven da vinca vin episkopoz darbaiseli gvyva-nan erT simagreSi varT Sekrulni~);

3. kaxeTi daculia cixe-simagreebiT;

4. konstantine aranakleb mniSvnelebas aniWebs ist-

oriul gamocdilebas qarTul-rusul urTierTobaSi

(`wigni migvirTmevina, beWedi migvirTmevia, naxon da gas-injon Cveni mamisa da papis namsaxuroba da maTi wyalo-ba Cven zedan~).

5. mefe konstantines ganacxadis simtkicisa da nam-

dvilobis dasamtkiceblad samefos ierarqebma da darba-

islebmac arza gaugzavnes imperators da qveynisa da

TavianTi gasaWiris Sesaxeb moaxsenes (èpiskopozTa da

1 ruseTis xelisuflebis mier saqarTvelodan mZevlebis way-

vanis Sesaxeb ix. mZevlis sakiTxi Teimuraz I-sa da moskovis

karis diplomatiur urTierTobaSi (XVI s. 80-ani wlebi _

XVII s. pirveli naxevari), Cem wignSi: saqarTvelos sagareo

politika da diplomatia, II, gv. 414-433.

456

darbaiselTac arza moarTves, aqauri ambavida Tavisi saCivari moaxsenes~)1.

gvaqvs 1724 wels Sedgenili saTxovari ruseTis

xelmwifisadmi, dawerili kaxeTis yvela socialuri fe-

nis saxeliT. eseni iyvnen: àmba alaverdeli nikoloz bodbeli, rusTavel-ninowmindeli, samebel-xarWaSnel-We-remeli, nekresel moZRvarT moZRvari, winamZRvarni da arqimandritni eklesiaTani, Tavadni da aznaurni qveyni-sa amisani, Tavadi da sardali xiziyisa, mouravi gior-gi, saxlT-xucesi, sazvereli, eniseli mouravi zaal, TianeTis mouravi garsevan, Tarxani aslan, eSik-aRasbaSi abel da sxvani Tavadni, aznaurni da glexni, ese yove-lni qristes sjulis mosavni qristes uarismyofel-Tagan Sewuxebulni, Seurvebulni da daCagrulni miwasa zedan...~2 maT imedi hqondaT, rom xelmwife movidoda da

mtrisgan daixsnida. es gaigo mtrebmac da ùfro guli gauficxdaT da nametnavi qveynis oxreba, tyveoba da ka-cis kvla ganamravles~. imis gamo, rom ruseTis mefe ro-

melic qarTvelebs daxmareba-daxsnas hpirdeboda iyo

qristiani, amitom qristianobis mtrebma daiwyes eklesi-

ebis dawva da ngreva, saeklesio wignebis ganadgureba,

siwmindeebisa da sakurTxevlebis ngreva, mosaxleoba

Sewuxebuli iyo simSiliTa da wyurviliT. xelmwifis

imedi da jaris mosvla gvaZlebinebso, _ werdnen kaxe-

lebi. xelmwifem èrTi sardali da jari gviboZos... Cve-ni Ãelmwife da Cven niadag mzas viyveniT didis Ãelm-wifis saxleblad... erTs alags Sekrebilni varT. Cveni Ãelmwifec CvenTan brZandebis, CvenTan sikvdili arCiva sxvas alags wasvlas~. werilis avtorebic Seaxsenebdnen


государями от 1639 по 1770 гг., с. 168-170. 2 Тамже, c. 169-170

457

imperators, mefis winaprebis mier petres winaprebisTv-

is gaweuli didi samsaxuris Sesaxeb, konstantinec maga-

Ti moimede aris. Tu or-sam TveSi rusis jari ar mogve-

Sveleba, kaxeTis cixeebs yizilbaSebi daikaveben da iZu-

lebuli gavxdebiT Tavebi davixocoT, raTa ar gagvama-

hmadianono1.

baqarma ver gauZlo Zlier mters da isic mamis

kvals daadga. amis gamo iyo, rom misi ruseTSi wasvlis

(1724 wlis 15 ivlisi) Semdeg qarTlisa da kaxeTis

brZolas osmalTa winaaRmdeg saTaveSi Caudga konstan-

tine II, romelic aragvis xeobaSi gamagrda, kavSiri

daamyara osmalo dampyroblebis batonobis winaaRmde

ajanyebul erevnis, ganjis, SamSadilis mosaxleobasTan.

magram koaliciam ver SeZlo erToblivad gamosvla.

osmalebma jer gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobis samxreT

azerbaijanis dajgufeba gaanadgura, Semdeg ki, 1724

wlis seqtemberSi, konstantine II da misi momxreebi —

atenis xeobaSi, gufTasTan, da saarwived wodebul

qedTan momxdar brZolaSi. konstantine II jer SanSe

qsnis erisTavs Seexizna, Semdeg ki mTeli weli fSavSi

gaatara, radgan TiTqmis mTel kaxeTSi lekebi daTare-

Sobdnen.

mas Semdeg, rac konstantine II-s imedi gadaewura,

rom raimes miaRwevda, ruseTis saimperatoro karTan

urTierTobis damyarebisa da iqidan daxmarebis miRebis

saqmeSi, salianSi myofi Tavisi warmomadgenlis saSu-

alebiT, man 1724 wels, vinme roseba gagzavna peter-

burgSi, romelmac sagareo saqmeTa kolegias moaxsena im

1 Тамже, c. 170-173.

458

brZolis Sesaxeb, romelsac is osmalebis winaaRmdeg

awarmoebda1.

konstantine mefis mier aseTi saxeldaxelo Sikri-

kis saSualebiTY ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis xmis miwvdena

uazroba iyo. Znelia Tqma, amas mefe TviTon mixvda, Tu

miaxvedres da imave wlis 1 noembers astraxanSi Cavid-

nen mis mier peterburgSi gagzavnili kaxeTis samefos

despanebi _ berebi zebede da qristefore da Tavadi

daviT beJanis Ze xuTi msaxuris TanxlebiT2. dasaxe-

lebuli sami pirovnebidan SedarebiT meti cnobebi gag-

vaCnia ber zebedeze.

zebede zebedes Ze iyo XVIII s. pirveli naxevriს

moskovis qarTuli koloniis warmomadgeneli. cnobili

istorikosis n. ustrialovis naSromSi petre pirvelze

arsebuli cnobis Tanaxmad, 1703 wlis 20 ianvars avstri-

is elCi pleieri Tavis mTavrobas werilobiT acnobebs,

rom imereTis erT-erTi Tavadi stokholms wasula im

mizniT, rom moegvarebina tyve Sved oficrebze aleqsan-

dre arCilis Zis gacvlis sakiTxio. magram iqidan dab-

runebulma Tavadma Camoitana cnoba, rom ufliswulis

gaTavisuflebisaTvis Svedebi moiTxovdnen 10 tona

(kasr) oqroso. Cveulebrivi wesiT princis gaTavisufle-

baze isini ar Tanxmdebiano3.

1 АВПРб ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №12; paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi),

gv. 27. 2 АВПР, ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №2, л. 1—2. 3 Устрялов Н., История царствования Петра Великого, том

чевертый, част II. Приложение, VI, 1863, с. 599; tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskovSi. meore Sevsebuli da gadamuSavebuli

gamocema, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 214.

459

zebedem kargad icoda tyveobaS myofi aleqsandre

arCilis Zis mZime mdgomareoba, radgan, TviTonac

tyveobaSi imyofeboda batoniSvilTan erTad. 1724 wels

is sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis moskovis kantoris saxe-

lze gagzavnil moxsenebaSi Tavisi vinaobis Sesaxeb

werda: `mogaxsenebT beri zebede saqarTvelodan, winaT boiari Tavadi zaali, romelic imyofeboda tyveobaSi imereTis ufliswul aleqsandre arCilis ZesTa erTad~1.

amgvarad, zebede zebedes Zes eriskacobaSi rqmevia

zaali da ruseTSi moxvedrila, rogorc arCilis ama-

lis wevri. mas, rogorc Cans, ukve saqarTvelodanve al-

eqsandre batoniSvilis patronoba-mzrunveloba hqonda

Cabarebuli, amis gamo iyo is aleqsandres Tanmxleb pi-

rad SvedeTSi da masTan erTad aRmoCnda tyveobaSic.

rogorc Cans, Svedebma is gaaTavisufles petre I-Tan,

aleqsandres uaxloes megobarTan, molaparakebis warmo-

ebis mizniT, magram iseTi pirobiT, rom ruseTis xeli-

suflebas ar SeeZlo masze daTanxmeba2.

1 АВПР, ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №12; paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi),

gv. 27. 2 rodesac arCil II-m TxovniT mimarTa petre I-s, rom eRona

rame misi vaJis aleqsandres gasaTavisufleblad. petrem am

sakiTxis gadawyveta miando aleqsandres, raTa TviTon ga-

daewyvita gadaexadaT Tu ara gamosasyidi, razec iyo pasux:

àra Tu saTqmelad, fiqradac ar momsvlia rame zarali mo-

uvides saxelmwifos ara Tu Cemi ganTavisuflebisa, aramed imaTi ganTavisuflebisTvisac ki, romlebic Cemze aTaskecad

meti Riran; Cven amisTvis varT mowodebulni: viTminoT da

movkvdeT saxelmwifosa da mamulis interesebisaTvis~ Устря-

лов Н., История царствования Петра Великого, том чевертый, част

II. Приложение, VI, с. 599; tatiSvili vl., qarTvelebi moskov-

460

zebedes mcdelobas, SeeTanxmebina stokholmi da

peterburgi, aleqsandre batoniSvilis gaTavisuflebis

sakiTxSi, Sedegi ar mohyva. zebede ruseTSi darCa. ale-

qsandresa da arCilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, savaraud-

od, XVIII s. 10-ian wlebSi, rogorc TviTon werda, zebe-

de saqarTveloSi (imereTSi) Camovida. imereTis dedofa-

lma ekaterine daviTis asulma zebede raRac davalebiT

qarTlSi gagzavna, sadac CasvlisTanave Zlier avad ga-

xda da darwmunebuli, rom avadmyofobas ver gadaurCe-

boda, berad aRikveca zebedes saxeliT1. magram gadarCa.

1724 wels, qarTlSi moulodnelad SeiWrnen osma-

lebi, romlebmac aiRes da gaanadgures Tbilisi da sxva

qalaqebi, saSinel mdgomareobaSi Cayares mosaxleoba,

gaanadgures taZrebi. amis Semdeg Cavida zebede moskov-

Si Tavis biZaSvil kristoforesa da sam msaxurTan er-

Tad2. is ar asaxelebs im mizans, romelmac dasaxelebu-

li pirebi Caiyvana moskovSi.

Si. meore Sevsebuli da gadamuSavebuli gamocema, Tbilisi,

1959, gv. 215. 1 АВПР , ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1722 г. д. №2, л. 83 paiWaZe

g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi),

gv. 28. 2 АВПР, ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №12, л. paiWaZe g.,

konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi),

gv. 27.

moskovSi iwyeba zebedes literturuli saqmianoba. 1730

w. mas moskovSi gadauweria sulxan-sabas `samoTxis kari~. am

droisaTvis misi sacxovrebeli adgili, rogorc Cans, mosko-

vis bogoiavlenskis monasteri iyo. am monastris erT-erTi

moRvawe kirile, zebedes uZRvnis Tavis gadaweril kondaks.

1730 w. zebedesac gadauweria kondaki, romelic amJamad da-

culia xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi.

461

1724 wels, qarTlSi osmalTa batonobis damyarebis

Semdeg, konstantinem gaagzavna elCoba zebedes, rogorc

diplomatiur saqmeebSi gamocdilis, xelmZRvanelobiT.

mefem zebedes gaatana werili ruseTis xelisuflebasT-

an kaxeTisaTvis daxmarebis TxovniT. konstantines elC-

Ta Soris zebede ixsenieba mis Zmiswul qristeforesTan

da Tavad daviT beJanis ZesTan erTad1. elCobas Sedegi

1737 w. zebedes ocneba auxdenia da saqarTveloSi dabru-

nebula. mas martvilis monasterSi `gulani~ gadauweria da

xotevis monastrisaTvis Seuwiravs. misi cxovrebis Semdgom

wlebs naTels hfens sankt-peterburgis istoriul arqivSi

daculi anton IV kaTalikosis werili wm. sinodisadmi:

`locva-kurTxeviT warmovgzavneT ioane RvTismetyvelis mo-

nastris iRumeni zebede. gTxovT, yvela marTlmadidebel

qristians daxmarebis xeli gauwodoT mas da mieSveloT Tu-

rqTagan aklebul da gaRatakebul Cvens monastrebs~. anto-

nis am Txovnis safuZvelze senatma zebedes neba misca

peterburgis marTlmadideblur mrevlSi Seegrovebina mowya-

leba dasaxelebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRsadgenad. saek-

lesio RvTismsaxurebis Catarebis nebarTva zebedesaTvis

senats ar miucia, magram aRuTqvams Suamdgomloba sankt-

peterburgis arqimandrit TeodosisTan. zebedes cxovrebis

ukanaskneli wlebis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili. baqraZe ana,

zebede zebedes Ze, XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevari. moskovis

qarTuli koloniis warmomadgeneli, sasuliero piri. inter-

net resursi. https://qim.ge/zebede%20zebedesdze.html

1 fsiqolog gela garayaniZis saintereso gamokvleviT, `daviT

guramiSvils hyavda ufrosi Zma – iRumeni qristefore, pol-igrafi, misioneri da sasuliero moRvawe. am qristefores

Sesaxeb ambobs cnobili istoriuli pirovneba, zaal garaya-

niZe (beri zebede) – qristefore Cemi disSviliao. am ambidan

axlo xanebSi zaals raRac seni Seeyara da mZimed daavadda.

sikvdilis piras myofs, RmerTisTvis uTxovia, oRond gada-

marCine da, berad `Sevdgebi da darCenil sicocxles Seni sa-

462

ar mohyolia. am dros ukve gardacvlili iyo petre I,

romlis imedic qarTvel politikosTa nawils kidev

SerCenoda. magram darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

igi, cocxalic rom yofiliyo, elCoba mainc imave Se-

degiT dasruldeboda.

sayuradReboa, rom, rodesac peteburgSi miiRes Se-

tyobineba astraxanSi qarTvelTa elCobis Casvlis Sesa-

xeb, gadawyvites isini astraxanidanve gaebrunebinaT

ukan1. amisaTvis ekaterine II-m astraxanis gubernators a.

volinskis gaugzavna gankarguleba, romlis mixedviT

mas qarTveli elCebisTvis unda gadaeca imperatricas

zepiri pasuxi: kaxeTis xans da mTel mosaxleobas

surda, rom netari imperatori petre daxmareboda qarT-

velebs. aseTive ganzraxva hqonda gardacvlil petres

da amis momxrea TviT ekaterinec. magram amJamad amis

gakeTeba ruseTs ar SeuZlia. Tu kaxelebs ar SeuZliaT

TavianT sacxovrebel adgilze darCena da undaT Tavi-

anTi rwmena SeinarCunon, maSin misi udidebulesoba

xelis didebas Sevwiravo... berobaSi misi saero saxeli

zebedeTi Seicvala. 1724 wels konstantine kaxTa mefem axal-goridan elCebi gaugzavna petre pirvels. elCobis Semad-

genlobaSi Sediodnen: zebede, beri qristefore (guramiSvili)

da zebedes biZaSvili daviT beJanis Ze (garayaniZe) xuT

msaxurTan erTad~. garayaniZe g., risTvis uboZa vaxtang meeqv-sem zaal garayaniZes sofeli TeTri wyaro da ra urTierTo-

ba hqonda am ukanasknels daviT guramiSvilTan. amgvarad, g.

garayaniZem dadgina, rom elCobis erTi wevri _ beri qriste-

fore daviT guramiSvilis Zma iyo, beri zebede – dedis Zma,

daviT garayaniZe ki – dedis biZaSvili.

http://tbiliselebi.ge/index.php?newsid=5459#sel=1:17,18:178 1 АВПР, ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №12, л. 45; paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725 wlebi,

gv. 27.

http://tbiliselebi.ge/index.php?newsid=5459#sel=1:17,18:178

463

kaxeTis xani da mosaxleobis is nawili vinc isurvebs,

SeuZliaT movidnen da kaspiispireTSi, wminda jvris

cixis maxloblad da sxva iqaur adgilebSi dasaxld-

neno1. Tavis adgilas ukve iTqva, rom petre I-s marTlac

hqoda ganzraxuli vaxtang VI da misi Tanmxlebni swo-

red daesaxlebina im adgilebSi, romelsac ekaterine I

sTavazobda kaxTa mefes da kaxelebs.

erTxel vaxtang mefes ruseTis samefo karma pir-

dapir ganucxada, rom petre I-s vaxtangisa da misi

amalis wminda jvris cixeSi dasaxleba surdao, rac

rogorc viciT, vaxtangisTvis siaxles ar warmoadgenda.

ekaterine I cdilobda vaxtang mefe daeyoliebina

mieRo misi winadaeba, rom qarTvelebi da somxebi dasax-

lebuliyvnen wminda jvarsa da mis midamoebSi da daru-

bandsa da baqoSi.

1725 w. ivnisSi zebedem ekaterine I-s ruseTSi dar-

Cenis nebarTva sTxova. maTTvis sacxovreblad SesTava-

zes moskovis donis monasteri, sadac dakrZaluli iyo

arCil mefe da bagrationTa sxva waromadgenlebi. zebe-

de qristeforesTan erTad dasaxelebul monasterSi da-

saxlda. ruseTis mTavroba fiqrobda kolonistebisagan

Seeqmna laSqari, romelic ibrZolebda daRestnelebis

winaaRmdeg. rodesac ruseTi dasaxelebul adgilebSi

ganimtkicebda mdgomareobas, amis Semdeg vaxtangi SeZ-

lebda Tavis samefoSi dabrunebas. yuradReba unda ga-

maxvilebuliyo im qarTvelebze, romlebic kargad icno-

bdnen gzas imereTidan yubanamde da tamanamde. aintere-

sebdaT, hqonda Tu ara vaxtangs im adgilebis rukebi da

naxazebi. 1725 wels wminda jvris simagris komendants,

1 АВПР, ф. Cношения России с Грузией, 1724 г. д. №12, л. 49-50; paiWaZe g., konstantine kaxTa mefis elCebi ruseTSi (1724-1725

wlebi, gv. 27.

464

general kropotovs specialuri instruqcia misces

qarTvelebis dasaxlebis Sesaxeb1.

kaxTbatonma konstantinem, rodesac vaxtangisa da

baqaris imereTSi wasvla Seityo, 1724 w. jari Sehyara da

qarTlis dasapyrobad wamovida. osmalebma Tavi Seafa-

res goris cixes da omisaTvis mzadebas Seudgnen. osma-

lTa jars meTaurobdnen vaxtang VI-is Zma iase da

axalcixis faSa2.

konstantine goris maxloblad xelTubanSi daba-

nakda da qarTlelebs dasaxmareblad mouxmo. iese tla-

SaZe ase gadmogvcems qarTlelebis ganwyobilebas:

`guli ar gviTqvams omisa: me vici gamogvaqceven, // amogviwyveten laSqarsa, sisxlsa Rvarulad aqceven, //aaoxreben qveyanas, ar aSeneben aqceven, // Cven TuST ayola ras gvargebs, wavlen, zurg Semogvaqceven~3.

i. hameris mixedviT, konstantines sakmaod mraval-

ricxovani jari hyavda: 10 aTas qarTvelTan erTad

iyvnen ganjis, SamSadilus da lekTa razmebi4. varau-

doben, rom aqve unda yofiliyvnen azerbaijanelebi da

somxebi, radgan konstantine erevnis batonic iyo5.

konstantine Tavisi jariT 3 km-iT daSorebul `go-rs zeiT, karaleTis pirispir, liaxÂs dasavliT, ruisis

1 paiWaZe g., vaxtang meeqvse, gv. 127. am droisaTvis ukve arse-

bobda qariastianuli mosaxleoba kaspiispireTSi. iqve, gv.

128. 2 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani / gamosacemad moamzada sol. Yyuba-neiSvilma, Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 31, str. 112-113.

3 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv, 34, str. 139. 4 Hammer I., Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, 1836, S. 223. 5 dondua v., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 122.

465

mTis Zirs~1, TedowmindaSi gadavida da iqidan scada go-rze Seteva.

daviT guramiSvilis TqmiT, romelic mkvlevarTa

azriT, am ambebis mowme da monawile iyo, kaxelebma da

qarTlelebma èrTmaneTs misces pirebi, arCives: `goris cixesa gamouTxaroT Zirebi~2.

osmalTa winaaRmdeg amxedrebulma qarTvelebma go-

rze Seteva daiwyes ori mxridan _ Crdilo aRmosavle-

Tidan da samxreT aRmosavleTidan, saxeldobr, zedave-

las mxridan3. Seteva daiwyo maSin, roca `dila da bin-dia~. isini, rogorc irkveva, qalaqs daeuflnen, magram

cixe ki ver daipyres, radgan igi osmalebs Zlier gamag-

rebuli hqondaT. osmalebma moieriSeebs artileriis ce-

cxli Seagebes4. konstantines jari rom goris qalaqSi

namdvilad Sevida, amaze migviTiTebs i. hameris erTi

cnoba: konstantines goreli somxebi gauSoltia, raTa

`maT simSvide daecvaT da iaraRi aeRoT osmalebis winaaRmdeg~5.

cixeSi gamagrebuli osmalebi sastik winaaRmdego-

bas swevdnen. amas daemata isic, rom maT dasaxmareblad

movida Sah-Tamaz II-is winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli mefe iese

osmalTa jariT. konstantines jarma ukan daixia da ze-

davelaze gaCerda. Tavdapirvelad warmateba qarTveleb-

is mxares iyo. `maT Cvenma jarma ajoba pirvel misvlaze SeteviT~ _ ambobs d. guramiSvili6. magram amis Semdeg

ganxeTqilebam iCina Tavi. gaurkveveli mizeziT, jaris

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 369. 2 daviT guramiSvili, daviTiani, Tbilisi, 1964, gv. 69-70. 3 dondua, v., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 121-122. 4 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv 34. 5 Hammer I., Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, S. 323.

6 daviT guramiSvili, daviTiani, gv. 70.

466

erTma nawilma, oTar aragvis erisTavis winamZRolobiT,

atenis xeobaSi daixia da atenis bolos, saarwives qed-

Tan, brZola gaumarTa osmalebs. osmalTa jars meTaur-

obdnen `Tbilisis nacvali rejeb-faSa, goris cixisTavi iusuf-faSa da Cildiris beglarbegi isay-faSa~1. Tavda-pirvelad aqac qarTvelebma imarjves da osmalebi gaaq-

cies. magram iesem SeZlo osmalTa ukan mobruneba da

axali Seteva daiwyo. axla ukve qarTvelebi Sedrknen.

qarTvelTa damarcxebaSi garkveuli roli oTar aragvis

erisTavis simxdalem iTamaSa2. goris cixeSi myofma

osmalebma dainaxes ra gaqceuli qarTvelTa jari, cix-

is kari gaaRes da cxenosani jari gamousies. datrial-

da saSineli tragedia. konstantine gaiqca. umeTaurod

darCenili qarTvelTa jaris didi nawili osmalebma amo-

wyvites. `Tavebi dasWres, gavidnen, dayares moedanzeda, // mas gorelebma daxedes, xelsa icemen Tavzeda, // àmdenis kacis daxoca ar qmnila qveyanazeda, // amisi qmnelic minaxavs ver dajdomili taxtzeda!~3

osmalebma daRupuli qarTvelebis TavebiT jindad-

gmuli xuTi uremi gaavses da erasti falavandiSvilma

rajab faSas TbilisSi miarTva, `romelman mosca ocda-aTi drahkani jildoT~4. konstantinem kvlav kaxeTs Sea-

1 Hammer I, Geschichte des osmanisches Reichs, IV, S. 323; dondua, v., saistorio Ziebani, III, gv. 123.

2 iese tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv. 35. 3 iqve, gv. 37. 4 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508; iese

tlaSaZe, baqariani, gv. 37. 1721 w. osmalebma qarTlSi mefoba

gaauqmes da igi eqvs administraciul erTeulad dayves, som-

xiT-sabaraTiano erasti yaflaniSvils gadasces. qarTTlis

cxovreba, II, gv. 510.

467

fara Tavi. misi ugunuri moqmedebis Sedegad ki qarTli

gaveranda.

1725 wels kaxeTis mosaxleobam lekebi gandevna

da miiwvia fSavSi gaxiznuli konstantine II, romelic

Telavs Cavida da Seecada lekebis gamoyenebas osma-

lebis winaaRmdeg. konstantine mourigda maT im piro-

biT, rom kaxeTiT gzas miscemda im qarTlisa da samcxe-

javaxeTis saZarcvavad, romelic osmalebs hqondaT dap-

yrobili. xangrZlivi brZolis Semdeg konstantine II

iZulebuli gaxda dazaveboda osmalebs: kaxeTma osma-

leTisaTvis xarkis micema ikisra, magram mxareebi ar

endobodnen erTmaneTs. mas Semdeg, rac osmalTa wina-

aRmdeg brZolebSi (1730-1732) warmatebas miaRwia nadirma

(SemdegSi nadir-Sahi), amierkavkasiaSi ganmaTavisuflebe-

li moZraobis axalma talRam ifeTqa. konstantine II

osmaleTisaTvis mTlad miuRebeli aRmoCnda. kaxeTSi

laSqriT mosulma axalcixis faSam usufma (Tbilisis

faSis isayis Svilma) konstantine II zavze mosalapa-

rakeblad beJanbaRs (kaxeTSi) miiwvia, sadac is vera-

gulad mokla isay-faSas msaxurma mahmadbegma. vaxuStis

mixedviT, es moxda 1729.

468

givi II amilaxvari _ politikuri moRvawe da

dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebis meTauri

1. givi II anduyafaris Ze (1689-1754 an 1757) XVIII

saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTlis samefos erT-erTi

gamoCenili politikuri da samxedro moRvawe, saamilax-

vros ufrosi, zemo qarTlis sadroSos sardali da go-

ris mouravi. mamamisi anduyafari 1703 wlidan mcire

xans iyo goris mouravi, daiRupa nadirobisas1. qarTlis

gamgebelma levanma 1704 wels amilaxvroba uboZa da go-

ris mouravad daniSna givi amilaxvari, romelic am sa-

xelos ganagebda (1714-1716 wlebis gamoklebiT) 1752 wla-

mde2.

2. givi politikur asparezze Cans 1722 wlidan. am

droidan iwyeba qarTlis samefos politikuri krizisis

erT-erTi mwvave periodi.

vaxtang VI-is damoukidebelma politikam da ruseT-

Tan kontaqtebma gaamwvava urTierToba iranTan. Sah-

Tamaz II-em vaxtangis dasja ganizraxa. amas daemata

osmaleTis samzadisi qarTlSi salaSqrod. gamwvavda

urTierToba vaxtangsa da kaxeTis mefe konstantines II-s

(mamad yuli-xani) Sorisac. es ukanaskneli iranisa da

daRestnelebis mxardaWeriT qarTlSi gamefebas cdi-

lobda. qarTli omis arenad gadaiqca. gansakuTrebiT

aqtiurobda kaxTbatoni.

1723 wlis dasawyisSi konstantine qarTlSi SeiWra

da Tbiliss miadga. vaxtangma àhyara dedofali da bar-

1 karbelaSvili p., amilaxvarTa sagvareulo istoriuli guj-

rebi // Zveli saqarTvelo, II, tfilisi, 1913, gv. 136. 2 rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT givi amilaxvari goris mouravad

iyo ara sikvdilamde, aramed 1752 wlamde, Sdr. iqve, gv. 137.

469

gi mZime da gagzavna gorsa~1. Tavdapirvelad konstan-

tine Tbiliss ver daeufla, magram, roca mas lekis

jari mouvida, vaxtangma Tavdacva veRar SeZlo da

`wabrZanda gors, Ze misi baqar wavida duSeTs~2. Semdeg, vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, baqaric gorSi mivida3.

1 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa / qarTlis cxovreba,

II, CubinaSvilis gamocema, sankt-peterburgi, 1854, gv 331; qro-

nikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlo-bisa Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T.

Jordanias mier. III (1700 wlidan XIX saukunis 60-ian wleba-

mde), gv. 88. 2 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 331. 3 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 504. some-

xi anonimi qronisti gadmogvcems: vaxtangis erT-erTi vaJi

saxelad Sahnavazi anu baqari Tavis mamasTan erTad ar gaiq-

ca ruseTSi, man Tavi Seafara arzrumis faSasTan. faSam mis-

gan Seityo yvelaferi rac moxda da maSinve moxseneba gaug-

zavna sultan ahmeds (ahmed III _ 1703-1730) stambolSi, rom

masTan TavSefarebulia vaJi saqarTvelos mefis, romelmac

lekebis Tavdasxmis gamo miatova Tavis qveyana da wavida

moskovSi. amitom sulTans SeuZlia gagzavnos jari da da

daipyros mcxeTa da SeuerTos Tavis samflobeloebs. sul-

Tanma arzrumis faSa daniSna mTeli iqauri jarebis sardl-

ad, ubrZana gailaSqros vaxtangis vaJTan erTad da daipy-

ros mcxeTa. amitom ibrahim faSa 12 aTasiani jariT daiZra

mcxeTis winaaRmdeg da 1723 wlis ivnisSi daipyro. amis

Semdeg faSam brZana baqarze gaeZlierebina TvalTvali da

mcxeTaSi erT-erT saxlSi moaTavses. saxls eqvsi mcveli mi-

uyenes. erT-erTi maTgani iyo qarTveli. radgan baqarma ar

icoda Turquli ena, masTan saubari SeeZlo mxolod im

qarTvels, romelic faSas brZanebiT emsaxureboda mas. es

mcveli dauaxlovda ufliswuls, romelic ecodebad da

moifiqra misi ganTavisuflebis gegma. erTxel rodesac sxva

mcvelebs eZinaT, am qarTvelma gamoiyvana baqari saxlidan

470

vaxtangi mcire xans gaCerda gorSi da cxinvalSi gada-

vida da iq eloda Tavisi simamrisagan, aragvis erisTav

giorgisagan daxmarebas1. magram giorgi erisTavma kons-

tantines dauWira mxari.

vaxtangis TxovniT, osmalTa 20 aTasiani jari Se-

movida qarTlSi da Tbiliss miadga. 1723 w. 10 ivniss

konstantine Tavisi nebiT Tbilisidan gavida, osmalebs

miegeba da qalaqis kliteni miarTva. 11 ivniss osmalebma

Tbilisi daikaves, konstantine Seipyres da qarTlis

samefos sataxto baqars gadasces. baqarma konstantines

patiosani sityva CamoarTva, rom is qarTlis winaaRmdeg

aRarasodes amxedrdeboda da gaaTavisufla. imave wels,

vaxtangis Zma iesem, romelic manamde Sahis samsaxurSi

iyo, saerTo ena gamonaxa osmalebTan da qarTlis gam-

gebloba miiRo.

3. 1723 wlidan givi amilaxvari, qarTlis zogierT

sxva TavadTan erTad osmalebs ebrZoda. miuxedavad

imisa, rom qarTlis mefe iese osmalebs miemxro da

qarTlis gamgebloba miiRo, givi mainc brZolas agrZe-

lebda da osmalebi gufTasTan daamarcxa. magram iesem

mteri gaamxneva da givi iZulebuli gaxda ukan daexia2.

savaraudoa, givi amilaxvaris osmalebTan Serigeba

daiwyo maSin, rodesac maT, 1726 wels, Tbilisis sionis

mizgiTad gadakeTeba da qarTvelebis gamahmadianeba ga-

nizraxes. osmalTa am ganzraxvas win aRudga givi ami-

laxvari. man sicocxle safrTxeSi Caigdo, faSasTan

da oriveni gaiqcnen moskovSi. internet resursi,

http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus16/Arm_Chr_1722_1736/frametext.htm 1 qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwer-

lobisa Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili

T. Jordanias mier. III, gv. 89. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508.

471

mivida, saCuqrebi miarTva da sionis meCeTad gadakeTebis

ganzraxvaze xeli aaRebina. amilaxvaris aseTma moqmede-

bam marTlmadideblebSi misadmi did siyvaruli da pati-

viscema gamoiwvia, rac naTlad gamoCda misi gareSe Tu

Sinauri mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros xalxis misa-

dmi TanadgomaSi. bunebrivia, marTlmadidebeli eklesi-

is givi amilaxvrisadmi pativiscema. givisaTvis micemul

wignSi Tbilel-bolneli mitropoliti domenti aRniS-

navda: `radgan axalkviris SabaTs iyo Cveni gansacdeli da saydris gamorTmevis ambavi, isev axalkviris wina dRe SabaTi ganvaweseT TqvenTvis mosaxseneblad. am dRes iqiT yovlis wlisaTvis im SabaTs Cven da Cvenni krebulni erTobilni Jams giwirevdiT Tqven da TqvenTa SvilisSvilTa dauviwyeblad movixsenebdeT~1.

dampyroblebi iTvaliswinebdnen ra givi amilaxvr-

is simamaces da mis avtoritets qarTlis mosaxleobaSi,

TavianT samsaxurSi misi Cayeneba moindomes. 1727 wels,

rodesac mefe iese gardaicvala, osmalebma qarTlSi

mefoba gaauqmes da eqvs msxvil feodals gaunawiles:

somxiT-sabaraTiano _ erasti yaflaniSvils, mcxeTas

zeiTi _ bagrat ciciSvils, zemo qarTli _ givi ami-

laxvars, muxrani _ qsnisa da aragvis saerisTaoni

misave erisTavebs dautoves.

osmalebis samsaxurSi Camdgari givi amilaxvari,

rogorc misi Tanamedrove istoriuli cnobebidan Cans,

rac dro gadioda osmalebis ndobasa da pativs imsaxu-

rebda. is maT exmareboda lekebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi,

riTac sinamdvileSi icavda qarTlis isedac gawamebul

mosaxleobas.

1 gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri urTi-

erTobis istoriidan (qarTlis saTavadoebi), Tbilisi, 1955,

gv. 410.

472

òsmalobis~ periodis givi amalaxvaris dasaxasi-

aTeblad mniSvnelovania Cveni istoriografiisaTvis aqa-

momde ucnobi 1728 wlis 30 noembris dokumenti, gace-

muli fadiSahis mier. fadiSahis firmani isedac mraval-

mxriv sainteresoa. masSi Cans, rogor didi avtoritetiT

sargeblobda givi amilaxvari, rogor gadadiodnen osma-

lo xelisufalT samsaxurSi qonebasa da Tanamdebobebs

mowyurebuli qarTveli feodalebi, rogor cdilobda

osmalo xelisufleba sxvadasxva privilegiebis miniWeb-

iT qristianuli sarwmunoebis uaryofisaken waeqezebina

marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi. es saintereso dokumenti,

rogorc SeiZleba vivaraudoT, gaica givi amilaxvris

TxovniT. is rekomendacias uwevs Tavis megobar vinme

aristos, raTa mas uwyalobon osmalo xelisuflebis

mier devnili abdulqerimis mamuli.

mokle, saintereso dokuments moviyvan mTlianad.

`Tbiliseli qarTveli begis mier islamis miRebis Sesaxeb. Cabardes daniSnulebisamebr. 19 zilkhije weli 1141.

Tbilisis sanjayis beraTlis raionSi sofel gumu-leTis_7900 aqCian Timarze Cawerili abdulqerimi samxe-dro valdebulebas ar asrulebs. Tanac sxva adgilas cxovrobs da Timaris saqmeebiT ar interesdeba. am mize-ziT xsenebuli Timari 40-50 welia Tbiliseli Tavadis imlahor oRlu givis (givi amilaxvari) megobris, aris-to beis mflobelobaSia. igi wlebis ghanmavlobasi sax-elmwifo samsaxurSi erTgulad da gulmodgined msaxu-robs. aristom bolos Tbilisis sasamarTloSi isaxela Tavi islamuri religiis codniT. mis mier islamis mi-Rebis Semdeg kidev meti adamiani Seiyvarebs da moindom-ebs islamis miRebas. aristo, romelmac axali saxeli abdulahi dairqva, iTxovs uwyalobon abdulqerimis mi-

473

er mitovebuli Timari. firmani fadiSahisaa~1. givi ami-laxvari rom Tavis erTgul adamianebs mfarvelobda

osmalebis winaSe, amis sxva magaliTs SemdgomSic gavec-

nobiT.

zemoT aRiniSna, rom osmalebma qarTli eqvs msxv-

il feodals gaunawiles. vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixed-

viT dayofa moxda 1728 wels2. dampyroblebma zemo qarT-

lis gamgebloba givi amilaxvars argunes. rogorc Cans,

givim, romelsac Tavisi winaprebisagan memkvidreobiT

goris mouravoba ekuTvnoda, osmalebTan im warmateba-

sac miaRwia, rom goris garkveul teritoriaze sakuTr-

ebis da dasaxlebis ufleba moipova, rac givis didi

warmateba iyo. amilaxvrebs saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

gorelebis sastiki winaaRmdegobis gamo, dasaxlebis

ufleba ar hqondaT, miuxedavad imisa, rom am qalaqis

mouravis saxelo maT ekuTvnodaT3.

givi amilaxvris osmalebis winaSe damsaxurebaze

naTqvamia sulTan ahmed III-is mier 1727 wels givi amila-

xvarisaTvis naboZeb firmanSi. mas eboZa Tbilisis

sanjaysa da goris nahieSi mdebare sofeli sxilvani

66 832 axCis SemosavliT. firmanis mixedviT, givi ami-

laxvarma es jildo imiT daimsaxura, rom is erTgulad

emsaxureboda osmaleTs. man gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina

Tavi goriscixis lekebisagan dacvisas. `Tbilisis vilaÁeTSi mcxovreb TavadTagan maRalRirseuli samefo firmanis mqone amilaxori givi am qveynis... dapyrobis droidan mokidebuli sruli morCilebiTa da erTgu-


gv. 181. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv 510. 3 mamisTvaliSvili e., goris istoria, I. meore gadamuSavebuli

da Sevsebuli gamocema, Tbilisi, 2018, gv. 198, 289-293.

474

lebiT gvemsaxureba, lekTa Semosevis Jams Tavisi qve-

SevrdomebiT dRe da Ram icavda goris cixesa da mis Semogarens, ibrZoda da daxmarebas uwevda muslimebs...~1.

sulTanma givi amilaxvars gamouyo oTxi sofeli:

tbeTi, fxvenisi, qordi da bijnisi 52 060 axCa Semosav-

liT2. tbeTi da fxvenisi saamilaxvroSi iyo, bijnisi

sacicianoSi, qordi ki, saerTod naxsenebi ar aris

goris livas soflebis nusxaSi.

davTari garkveul cnobebs gvawvdis òsmalobis~ pirveli periodSi givi amilaxvaris qonebis Sesaxeb. mas-

Si naTqvamia, rom `meore kuduleTi eqvemdebareba givi amilaxvars, eqvemdebareba xsenebuls~, e. i. eqvemdebareba sacicianos3. es sofeli sxva mxrivac aris saintereso.

iq erTi saxlia da masSi cxovrobs 4 kaci: amel Ze

daTunasi, rostom Zma misi, avTandil Zma meore, farsvan

Zma meore (unda iyos Zma mesame) muslimia4. rogorc Cans,

gamuslimanebis procesi imdenaT intensiuraT mimdina-

reobs, rom igi iWreba iseT mivardnil da mcire mosa-

xleobian sofelSic ki, rogoric meore kuduleTia.

amilaxvris nahies meTauris mTavari simdidre iyo

`mamuli Wala amilaxvris Svilis gives mflobelobaSi eqvemdebareba xsenebuls~. WalaSi cxovrobdnen givi da

misi Zmebi TavianTi ojaxebiT: TviT `givi Ze anduya-

farisa5, anduyafar Ze misi, ioTam Zma misi, dimitri Zma

1 abulaZe c., osmalobis xanis sami Turquli firmani // aR-mosavluri filologia, III, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 296.

2 iqve, gv. 297. 3 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 223. 4 iqve. 5 anduyafar III. iranidan dabrunebulma levan vaxtang V-is Zem

1704 wels amilaxvroba mas uboZa, magram male (1704 w.) nadi-

475

misi, iase Zma misi, barZin Zma misi, amirindo Zma misi, oTar Zma misi, Teimuraz Zma meore, eroso Zma misi, baram Zma misi, daviT Zma meore, revaz Zma misi, ioTam Zma misi~, yvela isini erT saxlSi cxovroben, aqvT 20

dRiuri sameufeo veli, 5 dRiuri sameufeo venaxi. isini

erToblivad ixdian 3000 axCas~1. givi amilaxvris samf-

lobeloebSi yvela Tavadi da aznauri erToblivad ix-

dida 8200 yuruSi esedis gadasaxads2.

XVIII s. 20-ian wlebSi, òsmalobis~ dros, givim im-as miaRwia, rom gorSi sasaxle da e. w. amilaxvrebis ek-

lesia aaSena. man isic SeZlo, rom qalaqis im nawilze,

sadac mas sasaxle da sagvareulo eklesia hqonda, osma-

lebma gansakuTrebuli ufleba mianiWes. es is dasaxle-

ba unda yofiliyo, romelsac 1728 wlis aRweris davTa-

rSi `givis dasaxleba~ hqvia. vfiqrob igi mdebareobda iq, sadac 1802 wlis goris gegmaze, qalaqis aRmosavleT

nawilSi, amJamindeli i. b. stalinis memorialuri komp-

leqsis, IX sajaro skolisa da sastumro `georgias~ te-

ritoriaze aRniSnulia amilaxvrebis eklesia. iqve unda

aSenebuliyo maTi pirveli sasaxle gorSi. òsmalobis~ periodamde amilaxvrebis sasaxle gorSi saistorio

wyaroebSi ar aRiniSneba.

4. rogorc XVIII s. 30-iani wlebis dasawyisis cno-

bebiT irkveva givi amilaxvari osmalebTan TanamSrom-

lobis periodSi, imave osmalebis mier devnili, ruseT-

robisas daiRupa. karbelaSvili p., amilaxvarTa sagvare-ulo gujrebi // Zveli saqarTvelo, II, gv. 109.

1 1728 wlis Tbilisis vilaieTis didi davTari, w. I, gv. 407-

408. 2 yuruSi esedi _ monetis erT-erTi saxeoba, romlis odenoba

cvalebadi iyo. sami osmaluri wyaro Tbilisis istoriisa-

Tvis (1730-1732), gv. 16.

476

Si gadaxvewili vaxtang VI-is da batoniSvil baqaris

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi devnil erTgulTa Semwed

gvevlineba. amaze migvaniSnebs barZim aragvis erisTavis

mier ruseTSi vaxtangTan gagzavnili 1731 wlis werili.

werilidan vigebT, rom barZimi vaxtang mefes gahyolia

ruseTSi da werilis gagzavnis droisaTvis is axali

dabrunebuli unda iyos saqarTveloSi, raRac sagangebo

davalebiT1. kaxeTis mefe konstantines barZimi qarTlis

gamgebel isay-faSasTan daubezRebia. barZimi vaxtangs

SesCivis: `ra wams Ãevs movel, sul Cemi yma movidnen da Semomexvewnen. axla kaxma batonma faSasTan dagvabezRa. `mefes [vaxtangs barZimisTvis] jari moucia, jariT movi-dao, ukan jariT baqari mosdevso~. rogorc barZimi

wers, konstantines SenaTvals isay-faSa Zlier SeuSineb-

ia da barZimTan Suakacad givi amilaxvari miugzavnia,

romelic erisTavs Tavdebad daudga2. savaraudoa, barZi-

misaTvis xifaTis aridebis mizniT givi amilaxvarma

TviTon SesTavaza faSas erisTavTan Suamdgomloba da

misgan mtkice pirobac miiRo barZimis usafrTxoebis Se-

saxeb, magram werilSi es ar Cans. givi rom erisTavis

mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili yofiliyo, mas Zala Ses-

wevda sxvagvarad emoqmeda da faSazec gavlena moexdina.

givis da barZimis karg urTierTobaze metyvelebs, Sem-

1 gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri ur-

TierTobis istoriidan, gv. 353. 2 d. gvritiSvils sxvagvarad aqvs gagebuli es adgili barZi-

mis werilidan da aRniSnavs, rom givi amilaxvarma erisTavs

isay-fasasTan uSuamdgomlao. iqve. barZimis werilSi ki

naTqvamia: àmaSi isay-faSa diaR SeSinebuli iyo, amilaxvari

vadas gamoegzavna. Tavdebad damidga da iq [Tbiliss] Ca-

vel~. Переписка грузинских царей с российскими государями от 1639

г. по 1770 г., с. 190.

477

degi: isay-faSas Semcvlelma rostom-faSam kaxT batonis

waqezebiT barZimi vaxtang VI-isadmi erTgulebis bral-

debiT Seipyro da nariyalaSi Caamwyvdia. mis samflo-

belos erisTavisave ndobiT aRWurvili givi amilaxvari

ganagebda1. rac Seexeba qsnisa da aragvis erisTavebis

urTierTobas, igi xSirad arakeTilmezobluri iyo.

givi amilaxvarma monawileoba miiRo imereTis same-

foSi feodaluri aSlilobis dros mefe aleqsandre V-

sa (1720-1741, 1741-1746, 1749-1752) da otia dadianis dapi-

rispirebis ganmuxtvaSi. osmalebma, romlebsac imereTis

mefis gaZliereba ar awyobdaT, aleqsandres moTxoves

datyvevebuli otias ganTavisufleba. saqmeSi Caeria

qarTlis gamgebeli isay-faSa, romelmac dadianisgan

didi qrTami aiRo da imereTSi gagzavna osmalebisa da

qarTvelebisgan Semdgari jari mamedbegisa da givi

amilaxvaris meTaurobiT. imereTis mefe daTmobaze wavi-

da da dadiani gaaTavisufla2.

qarTlSi umefobis xanaSi givi rom upirvelesi po-

litikuri da warmatebuli samxedro figura iyo, Cans

lekebTan brZolebSi mopovebuli warmatebebidan. 1732

wels lekebma tezeri, bekami, gverdisubani aikles da

didZali nadavli iSoves, wromSi gadavidnen, sadac go-

ris faSa daamarcxes da mokles. gaTamamebul lekebs

mejvrisxevTan givi amilaxvari daxvda, daamarcxa da

mTlianad amowyvita3. imave wlis zafxulSi givi `goris jarTan~ erTad monawileobda ikorTasTan lekebis gana-

1 Там ж, c. 191. 2 dadiani n., qarTvelT cxovreba. teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva,

komentarebi, saZieblebi da leqsikoni daurTo S. burjanaZem,

Tbilisi, 1962, gv. 176. 3 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 335.

478

dgurebaSi. dekemberSi lekebi kvlav SemoiWrnen, magram

givis meTaurobiT wlevTan gaanadgures1.

4. osmalTa batonobam iseTi maxinji saxe miiRo,

rom ukmayofiloTa ricxvi dRiTidRe izrdeboda. qarT-

lSi arsebuli gausaZlisi mdgomreobis, antiosmaluri

Zalebisa da vaxtang VI-is an misi Zis baqaris dabruneb-

isa da warmatebis Sansis Sesaxeb, saintereso cnobebia

SanSe qsnis erisTavis mier 1733 wels vaxtang mefisaTvis

gagzavnil werilSi. masSi mniSvnelovan cnobebs vxvde-

biT givi amilaxvris rolze antiosmaluri ajanyebis

dros.

SanSe erisTavi vaxtang mefes Txovs daubrundes

Tavis samefos: `netavi RmerTman ise maRirsos Tqveni xma gavigonoT da miTom Cems JamSi avi ara minaxams ra... Tu rac Wkua maqss da vxedav, Tu ar Tqvenis samjobi-sarosaTvis amas ukeTesi dro ar iqneba aqa, da mand ra mosvlia, ar viciT: saqarTvelos gaerTebsa bZanebdiT rom. `SuRlobTo, Tqven erTmanerTis mterni xarTo~2.

vaxtang VI rodesac SanSes da qarTlis daudegar

sxva feodalebs sayvedurobs `SuRlobTo, Tqven erTma-

nerTis mterni xarTo~, mas pirvel rigSi SanSe da misi

mama hyavda mxedvelobaSi. rodesac vaxtangi 1712 wels

iranSi gaiwvies, man qarTlis mefed baqari datova,

romelsac SanSes mama daTuna qsnis erisTavi aujanyda.

baqarma ajanyeba Caaqro da saerisTavos daepatrona.

1 iqve. 2 Переписка грузинских царей с российскими государями от 1639 г. по

1770 г., с. 205. vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508. amis Semdeg SanSe ar epueboda osmalebs da

ujanydeboda kidec. iqve, gv. 510, 511.

479

SanSe iranSi SahTan gaiqca, sadac daapatimres da

baqars gamougzavnes, romelmac `patimar-hyo tfiliss~1. iranidan axaldabrunebul vaxtangs 1719 wels San-

Se aujanyda. ajanyeba imdenad serozuli iyo, rom mefem

misi Caqroba imerlebis, kerZod, SoSita raWis eri-

sTavis da svimon da levan abaSiZeebis daxmarebiT Se-

Zlo. SanSe mefes danebda. imereTSi gabrunebul stum-

rebs mefem SanSe Tan gaayola. magram erisTavi gaipara,

Tavis mamulSi dabrunda da 1720 wels axali ajanye-

bisaTvis mzadebas Seudga. man isev marcxi ganicada da

mefes erTgulebis fici misca. mefem Seundo da `miscna

mamulni sruliad~2. amis Semdeg SanSem TiTqos xasiaTi

gamoicvala da vaxtangs erTgulebda3.

osmalebma qarTlis dapyrobisTanave SanSes saeris-

Tavo CamoarTves4. amis Semdeg SanSe ar epueboda os-

malebs da ujanydeboda kidec5.

barZim erisTavi mefe vaxtangis sayvedurs samar-

Tlianad miiCnevs da Tavis mxriv imasac umatebs, rom

Tqvens winaSec bevri davaSaveTo. barZimi qarTvel Ta-

vadTa urTierTdapirispirebis da mefisadmi daumorCi-

leblobis saqciels ymawvilobiTa da sigiJiT xsnis.

werilSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mefis mier xaz-

gasma, rom barZim erisTavi da givi amilaxvari, es ori

umsxvilesi feodali erTmaneTs iyvnen damdurebuli,

maSin, rodesac maT erToblivad bevris gakeTeba SeeZ-

loT qveynis sasikeToT. barZimi Tavisi epoqisaTvis da-

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 496-497. 2 iqve, gv. 498. 3 gvritiSvili d., feodaluri saqarTvelos socialuri ur-

TierTobis istoriidan, gv. 318. 4 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 508. 5 iqve, gv. 510, 511.

480

maxasiaTebel am movlenas martivad ganmartavs: droe-

biTi dapirispireba sayvarel mamaSvilis Sorisac SeiZ-

leba moxdes, magram isini kvlav aseTad darCebian. rac

Seexeba konkretulad givi amilaxvars, amJamad is Cven-

Tan aris da Seni erTguliao. amis dasturad is mefes

swers: `TviTon amilaxvarmac wigni gaaxloT. Sen nu momikvdebi, daijereT, didad erTguli aris Tqveni da didis samsaxuris mcdeli aris da momWirne. amaze guneba daajereT. amas gonebaSi Tqveni urigo da umsa-xureba ara Zes, amisi Tavdebi da mopire me viyo~1.

barZimi vaxtangs acnobebs Tavisi didi xnis me-

toqis aragvis erisTavis mefisadmi erTgulebis Sesaxeb:

àragvis erisTavia da esec erTgulia. rom ar iyos ar iqneba. damijereT, es ori kacia, nametnavad amilaxvari, Cemgan iTxoveT~2. rogorc Cans qsnis erisTavi pasuxis-mgeblobas iRebda or umsxviles feodalze _ givi ami-

laxvarsa da barZim erisTavze. barZimi rom givis winaSe

valSi iyo, amis Sesaxeb zemoT iTqva, givim is isay-

faSasTan moariga da, sagulisxmoa, mocemul periodSi,

isini erT politikuri poziciaze idgnen, vaxtang VI-s

erTgulobdnen.

barZimi mefes arwmunebs: ès ori kacia, nametnavad amilaxvari, Cemgan iTxoveT, sxva vin aris qarTlSi, rom uari da Cveni daujerebloba qnas da SeiZlos: Tqveni siZisa abaSiZisa Tqven iciT~. barZim erisTavi osmalebis

qarTlidan gaZevebasa da vaxtangis mefobis qarTlSi

aRdgenaSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas givi amilax-

varis mxardaWeras aniWebs: àmas ukeTesi dro ar iqneba,

1 Переписка грузинских царей с российскими государями от 1639 г. по

1770 г., с. 206. 2 Тамже.

481

amilaxvarmac xom mogweraT da zepiradac daabara~1. rac Seexeboda mefe vaxtangs, barZimis azriT, mas ruseTis

mTavrobis mxardaWera unda moepovebina, raTa sami

polki rusuli jari wamoeyvana. barZims warmatebis

mniSvnelovan pirobad dasustebuli irani miaCnda.

`RmerTi mameces Tavdebad, daijereT ese qveyana dakar-guli aris Tqvengana, Tu Tavs ar SeidebT, damijereT axsene RmerTi da ecadeniT rasme, RmerTma mogayenaT dro, nu gvianobT, Tu es qveyana gindaT dro es aris, Tu ara da neba Tqvenia~2.

exla gavecnoT givi amilaxvaris mier ruseTSi ga-

daxvewili mefis garemocvidan vinme givisaTvis (amila-

xvari mas `sexnis~ uwodebs) gagzavnil, magram `Cvenis xelmwifis mosamsaxurebisaTvis~ gasacnob im werils,

romlis Sesaxeb ramdenjerme aRniSnavs barZim erisTavi.

givis werili ar Seicavs, raime mniSvnelovan politik-

ur an samxedro xasiaTis informacias. es mokle werili

mxolod òsmalobis~ periodSi misi dampyroblebTan

samsaxuris gamo monaniebas gvamcnobs, magram avtori

imasac aRniSnavs, rom mefis uaryofiTi azris Camoyali-

bebaSi amilaxvaris arakeTil mosurneebmac mniSvnelova-

ni roli Seasrules. `...Tu rac Cvens umsaxurobas gaew-yoba amas... batoni ar gviwyrebodes, amaTi bednierad yofnis anbavi gviwyalobos: viciT, Cven xelmwifes Cveni umsaxuroba mogonobiaT, Torem, erTxelac aris maTis bednierad bZanebis anbavs gviwyalobebda: raRa Tavi vaw-yinoT. Tu rom SevscodeT, RmerTman didad garda-gvaxdevina Cveni amgvari gansacdeli. Tu batons ar mox-sendeba, Tqven mainc SeityobT. xelmwifes Tu Cveni bevri ar moxsenebodaT, uRirsad mowyales guls ase ar gamo-

1 Тамже. 2 Тамже, с. 207

482

icvliden: dasajeri xom ar aris rom me magaTi or-guli viyo. egebis marTali moxsendebodesT, raRa Tavi vawyi-noT, arc es gaibedeboda Cemgan: RTia gunebis gamkiT-xavi, sxva aqidam ra Seityoba; RmerTman amdeni mowyale-ba maRirsos. magaT win sisxli davaqcio, xom kargia, Tues ar meRirsa, sxviT riT vimarTleb Tavsa~1.

5. 1734 w. qarTlSi antiosmaluri ajanyeba daiwyo

givi amilaxvaris meTaurobiT2. Tbilisis midamoebSi my-

ofi osmalebi amowyvites, givi amilaxvari `Seetyua go-ris cixes osmalTa da mosrna igini da daipyra cixe~3.

rogor `Seetyua~ givi amilaxvari goris cixes, ama-

ze dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs sexnia CxeiZe: àmave qoro-nikonsa Rvinobis Tves (1735 w. oqtomberi _ e.m.) Semoadga Tamaz xan cixesa ganjisasa, mouvida qarTvelT brZaneba da aSla urumTa, daiwyes brZola, Seyara jari amilaxorma givma, movida berbuks RamiT, daiqveiTa TviTon da muxranis batonma mamukam, gorelT misces piroba, Sevidnen RamiT da daimala jari sasaxleSia,

1 iqve, gv. 203-204. 2 givi amilaxvaris meTaurobiT ajanyebis Sesaxeb ix. berZeniS-vili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan // saqarTvelos

istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 175-182; gvritiSvili

d., qarTveli xalxis brZolis istoriidan Turq da iran

dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi (givi amilaxvaris ajanyeba // saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akad-

emiis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis institutis

mimomxilveli, t. III, Tbilisi, 1953, gv. 109-131; saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 445-454.

3 sxva wyaroSi goris ganTavisufleba 1735 wliT aris daTa-

riRebuli da naTqvamia Semdegi: `givma amilaxorma Semoiyara

rCeulni vaJkacni da movida rame berbuqs, aqedan ezraxa

gorelebsa, Seuxda goris cixeSi da urumTa jari amowy-

vita~. saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 438.

483

vera igrZnes urumT, cixeSi miuCines oTxi gamoCenili vaJkaci, misces saboZvari, viTarca urumni xeebsa zidaven, vica autandaT aras ukiTxevdnen. gaTenda, am oTxma kacma Seidves Zelebi mxareTa, iyo niSani amaTi, rom cixis karze erTi iqiT daudvan, erTi aqaT, rom cixis kari veRar mougdon. gaaRes kari cixisa da gamovidnen cixidan urumni, Camovidnen qalaqsa gori-sasa, aitanes Zelebi da daagdes karTa zeda: idroes, gamovida damaluli jari, Turme yaraulma igrZna, moa-swres kari qveiTa galavnisa, Seiqmna cema gorSi. am oT-xma kacma gaikra satevars xeli, Turme damaluli hqondaT. Seuxden cixeSi, mokles erTi urumi, mouxden engiCar aRas, dasWres: gamovidnen mSvidobiT. Camovidnen karsa galavanisasa, mokles mcveli karisa, dalewes kliteni, gamovidnen uzianod da vinca cixidam urumni gamovidnen amoswyvites, daiWires~1.

givi amilaxvarma goris cixeSi jari Caayena. gamar-

jvebis macned man Sahis sardalTan kaci gagzavna da

osmalTa mokveTili Tavebi gaatana. mcire xnis Semdeg

givim da yizilbaSebma Tbilisisi ganTavisufleba sca-

des, magram damarcxdnen. givi gorSi dabrunda da aqedan

Tavs esxmoda borjomis xeobasa da axalcixeSi

mokalaTebul osmalebs2.

6. 1735 wlidan òsmaloba~ kidev ufro mZime `yizi-lbaSobiT~ Seicvala. aRniSnul wels nadir Sahma som-

xeTSi, erevanSi Sah-Tamaz II-sTan daibara Teimuraz II

da qarTlisa da kaxeTis didebulebi. zogierTi maTgani,

kerZod, isini vinc osmalTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebis meTa-

urebi iyvnen, maT Soris, givi amilaxvaric, daapati-

mres. k. kucias varaudiT, Sah-Tamaz II-is sardali Tamaz-

1 iqve, gv. 438. 2 iqve.

484

yuli-xani (SemdegSi nadir-Sahi) eWvobda, rom qarTvel

didebulebs kavSiri hqondaT vaxtang VI-sTan, rac unda

yofiliyo maTi dapatimrebis mizezi1.

Sah-Tamazis mier givi amilaxvris dapatimrebis mi-

zezi, sexnia CxeiZis mixedviT, is yofila, rom man am

qarTvel didebuls, amilaxvars qaliSvili sTxova, ra-

zec uari miiRo. Sahma givi daapatimra. miuxedavad imisa,

rom amilaxvarma bolos dauTmo da Tavisi qaliSvili

Sahs misca, igi mainc ar gaaTavisufles.

sxva versiiT, givi amilaxvris, am Zlieri feo-

dalis siZeoba surda qarTlis taxtis maZiebel uf-

liswuls, iese mefis Ze Teimurazs da dainiSna kidec.

magram niSnoba CaSala kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II-is

meuRlem, dedofalma Tamarma. Tamars, rodesac Teimu-

raz-antonTan erTad nadir SahTan stumrobda, SahisTvis

uTqvams: givi amilaxvars metad lamazi qali hyavs, Sahis

colobis Rirsio. amiT surda Teimurazisa da givis na-

Tesaoba-mokavSireobis CaSla, radgan Teimuraz II-es Tvi-

Ton eWira Tvali qarTlis taxtze. Tamar deofalma mi-

zans miaRwia. 1736 wels givi amilaxvari iZulebuli

gaxda SahisaTvis TviTonve miegvara Tavisi asuli. Tei-

muraz-antoni ki imereTSi gadavida da berad Sedga2.

1735 wlis 6 oqtombers Tamaz-yuli-xani TbilisSi

Sevida. aqedan daagzavna Tavisi razmebi aRmosavleT sa-

qarTvelos sxvadsaxva mxareebSi da daimorCila. aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi daiwyo `yizilbaSoba~.

1 kucia k., nadir-Sahi da saqarTvelo // axlo aRmosavleTi da

saqarTvelo, III, Tbilisi, 2002, gv. 120. 2 gaCeCilaZe k., erTi furceli sasuliero feodalizmis isto-

riidan // qarTuli diplomatia, weliwdeuli, 11, Tbilisi,

2004, gv. 510-511.

485

givi upirispirdeboda qarTlSi gamefebis mosurne

kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II-s (1733-1744), romelic qarTlis

taxtze pretenzias ayenebda imis gamo, rom iyo erekle I

nazarali-xanis Ze (1688-1703) da kaxeTis mefe konstantine

II mamad-yuli xanis (1722-1732) Zma. Teimuraz II-es givi ami-

laxvari daupirispirda, romelic mxars uWerda qarT-

lis taxtis meore pretendents, mefe ieses (iese qarTl-

Si orjer mefobda _ 1714-1716 da 1725-1727 wlebSi) vaJs

Teimurazs (SemdegSi kaTalikosi anton I).

1735 wlis oqtomberSi Tamaz-yuli xani Tbilisisken

wamovida da datyvevebuli qarTvelebi Tan wamoiyvana.

gzaSi tyveebi gaiparnen. Teimurazi kaxelebiTurT fSa-

vSi gadavida. qarTlis Tavadebma ki imereTsa da ruseTs

Seafares Tavi1. qarTleli didebulebi _ givi amilax-

vari, muxranbatoni da qaixosro avaliSvili TavianT

sabatonoebSi dabrundnen2. givi Semdeg imereTs gadavi-

da. sxvebmac sxvadasxva mxares Seafares Tavi.

1736 wels Sah-yuli-xani gamefda nadir-Sahis saxe-

liT (1736-1747). muRanis yurulTaize, sadac misi arCeva

moxda, sexnia CxeiZis mowmobiT, monawileobdnen qarTve-

lebic _ qarTlis didebulebi.

xeldasxmis Semdeg isini gamouSves qarTlSi, rome-

lTac daakisres 3 aTasi Tumani, xolo xuTasi Seiara-

Rebuli noqari TavianTi ojaxebiT unda mdgariyo Tbi-

lisSi. zemoqarTlelebma ver SeZles am moTxovnis Ses-

ruleba. SanSe qsnis erisTavma, givi amilaxvarma, vaxu-

Sti abaSiZem da mTlianad zemo qarTlma da Tarxan lu-

1 berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, VI,

Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 320-322; abraam erevanci, omebis istoria /

Zveli somxuridan Targmna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da

saZieblebi daurTo liana davliniZem, Tbilisi, 1976, gv. 14 2 saqarTvelos cxovreba sexnia CxeiZisa, gv. 336.

486

arsabma da misma naTesavebma qarTlis gamgeblad daniS-

nul yizilbaS sardals, sefixans Txoves: `rogorc sxva Sahebs vemsaxurebodiT da rogori movaleobanic gve-kisra, neba mogveciT ase vimsaxuroT, Zveli droidan Cven Sahis yurmoWrili ymebi viyaviT~1. rodesac am moT-

xovnaze uari miiRes, ukmayofiloTa Soris ganxeTqileba

moxda: barZim aragvis erisTavi, yvela ciciSvili, yvela

baraTaSvili yizilbaSebs miemxrnen.

yizilbaSebma daiwyes gandgomilTa mamulebze Tav-

dasxmebi. ramdenjerme SeiWrnen qsnis saerisTavoSi, mag-

ram warumateblad. kexvSi samjer daesxnen givi ami-

laxvars, magram samjerve givim gaimarjva da yizilba-

Sebi amowyvita. imavdroulad Tavs daeსxnen saabaSios,

saCxeiZos da suramis xeobas, dawves da gaZarcves,

magram gamagrebuli adgilebi ver daazianes. ajanyebu-

lebi sxvaganac warmatebiT moqmedebdnen2.

amgvarad, 1736 wels yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg aRs-

dga qarTlis mosaxleoba, ris mizezic osmalebis wina-

aRmdeg mebrZoli qarTvelebis mimarT undobloba da

mZime xarki iyo. ajanyebis mTavar kerad qsnis saeris-

Tavo gadaiqca. damarcxebulma qarTlis gamgebelma se-

fixanma fxvenisSi daiwyo molaparakeba gandgomilebTan

da moCvenebiT Seurigda kidec. amis Semdeg is xelT-

ubanSi gadavida, sadac miiwvia kaxTbatoni Teimurazi,

barZim aragvis erisTavi, givi amilaxvari, kaxTa saxlT-

uxucesi givi ColoyaSvili, Tarxani luarsabi, qiziyis

1 Сехниа Чхеидзе, История Грузии («Жизнь царей») / Перевод

выполнил, предисловием снабдил Н. Т. Накашидзе, Тб., 1976, с. 46. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi `yizilbaSobis~ dros mZvinvare

ekonomikur gaWirvebaze vrclad ix. kucia k., nadir-Sahi da

saqarTvelo, gv. 125-131. 2 Сехниа Чхеидзе, История Грузии («Жизнь царей»), с. 45-46.

487

mouravis Zma Tamazi, qaixosro CerqeziSvili, yvelani

Seipyro da Tbilisis cixeSi daatyveva1. vaxuSti bato-

niSvilis mixedviT, sefixans Tavisi veraguli qmedeba

gorSi mouxdenia, SanSe qsnis erisTavs gaqceva mous-

wria, xolo danarCeni datyvevebulni ispaanSi gaugzav-

niaT: `moityuvna gors qarTvelni, Seipyra Teimuraz, givi amilaxvari, barZim erisTavi da sxvani, xolo SanSe ivltoda. da waruvlina ispaans Sahnadirs~2. sexnia Cxe-

iZis mixedviT Sahsefi amis Semdeg mivida gorSi, romlis

naibad (gamgeblis nacvali) daniSna mefe ieses Svili

abdula-begi3.

Sahma Seiwyala Teimuraz II, barZim aragvis erisTa-

vi, givi amilaxvari, Tarxani luarsabi, isini daasaCuqra

da xalaTebi uboZa. roca nadir-Sahi yandaharSi gaemg-

zavra, dasaxelebuli qarTvelebi Tan waiyvana4.

1738 wels Sahma givi amilaxvari qarTlSi daabruna

da ajanyebul SanSe erisTavTan dasapirispireblad qsn-

is saerisTavo gadasca da `dasdva am qveynis belado-ba~5. masve Caabara `veqiloba qarTlisa~6.

1740 wels sardali qaixosro orbeliani da givi

amilaxvari indoeTidan dabrunebul nadir-Sahs yazvinSi

eaxlnen da qarTlSi arsebuli viTareba gaacnes. Sahma

gagzavna Sikriki da qarTlis didebuli Tavadebi Tavis-

Tan daibara. Tavadebi maSinve gaemgzavrnen. audienciis

1 Тамже, с. 46-47. 2 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 515. 3 Сехниа Чхеидзе, История Грузии («Жизнь царей»), c. 47. 4 Тамже, с. 47. 5 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani / teqsti daadgina,

Sesavali, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo elene

cagareiSvilma, Tbilisi, 1981, gv. 47 6 vaxuSti batoniSvili // qarTlis cxovreba, IV, gv. 518.

488

dros maT Sahs `moaxsenes qveynis gaoxreba lekisagan, SanSe erisTavisagan beladis Zleva da SeWirveba yo-veli. iwyina Ãelmwifem da dahpirda daRistnis gas-worebasa. mosca jari SanSe erisTavis wasaxdenad: `Tu damiWiroT SanSe, yoveli Tqveni sawadeli aRvasrulo da mogce wyaloba uSurvelio~. Sahma givi amilaxvars misca qsnis erisTaoba `da dasdva im qveynis beladoba~. SanSe da misi Zma axalcixeSi gadavidnen, sadac `Seiwy-nares pativiT da daayenes qalaqsa Sina~1. qarTlis

naibma (nacvali) imam-yuli-xanma beglar-begoba miiRo da

didi jariT qarTlSi gaigzavna. qsnis saerisTavo sas-

tikad aikles.

nadir-Sahi daRestanSi SeiWra. man qarTveli dide-

bulebi TavisTan daibara. amilaxvarTa saxlidan givi

da oTari eaxlnen Sahs, romelic maT `daxvda mxiaru-lis piriTa da daumadla erTguloba~. givi amilaxvars

mianiWa meore veqiloba, qsnis erisTaoba da asi Tumani

dauniSna2.

7. givi amilaxvars kidev erTxel mouwia imereTSi

mefe-feodalebis konfliqtSi Careva 1741 wels. aleqsan-

dre V-m Tavis siZis (dis qmari), zurab abaSiZis Svili

daviTi da papuna wereTeli sikvdiliT dasaja. mefis as-

eTi moqmedebiT aRSfoTebulma imereTis didebulebma _

zurab abaSiZem, grigol raWis erisTavma da otia

1 1741 wels nadir-Sahma axalcixis faSas Txova SanSe eris-

Tavis da misi Zmis gadacema. faSas brZanebiT SanSe Seipyres

da daborkili TbilisSi Caiyvanes, mcire xnis Semdeg ki Sahs

gaugzavnes, romelic im dros daRestnelebs ebrZoda da iq

mihgvares. Sahma misi mosmena ar ineba da darubandis cixeSi

gamoketes, Semdeg maSaTSi gadaagzavnes. iqve Caiyvanes Zmebis

colebic. papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 51. 2 iqve, gv. 46-49.

489

dadianma mefes didi ziani miayenes. mefe aleqsandrem

Tavisi Zma giorgi da levan abaSiZe qarTlSi TavSefare-

buli vaxuSti abaSiZis Sesapyrobad gagzavna. maT mefis

brZaneba Seasrules. vaxuStis ganTavisuflebis Suamdg-

omlobiT aleqsandres mimarTa kaTalikosma domenti IV-

em da qarTlis gamgebelma, magram uari miiRes. imereTis

mefis mimarT sayovelTao ukmayofilebam aiZula aleq-

sandre mcire mxleblebiT qarTlSi gadmosuliyo1 da

suramTan gaCerda. givi amilaxvari am dros suramSi

idga. mefem mas acnoba Tavis gasaWiris Sesaxeb. givi

wavida xanTan, romelic zemo qarTlSi imyofeboda da

moaxsena mniSvnelovani stumris Sesaxeb. xanma givis

daavala aleqsandre mefis masTan miyvana. xanma mefes

Sesaferisad umaspinZla da maSinve nadir-Sahs acnoba

mis Sesaxeb. Sahis brZanebiT, aleqsandre jer TbilisSi

amyofes saukeTeso pirobebSi, Semdeg axalcixis faSis

TxovniT Sahma imereTis mefe axalcixeSi gagzavna, faSam

ki igi isev samemkvidreo taxtze aRadgina2.

1741-1742 wlebSi nadiri daRestnelebs eomeboda da

qarTlis didkacoba daRestanSi daibara. amilaxvarTa

saxlidan Sahs givi da oTari eaxlnen. Sahma givis meore

veqiloba, qsnis erisTavoba misca da asi Tumani jama-

giri dauniSna3.

aRmaSfoTebeli iyo qarTlis xanis moqmedeba (1741

w.), rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-pat-

riarqi domenti IV gardaicvala da axlad arCeul aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqs, nikoloz

X-s (1741-1744) `rac mcxeTas saqoneli iyo, wirvis iaraRi anu eklesiisa, sul TavisTan miatanina~. rogorc papuna

1 dadiani n., qarTvelT cxovreba, gv. 177. 2 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 50-51. 3 iqve, gv. 49.

490

orbeliani ambobs, viRacam xans Caagona, rom roca kaTa-

likosi gardaicvleba, `saqoneli~ saxelmwifosi ariso.

`magram samRTo Zalma aRar miuSva. orbeliani, sardali qaixosro da givi amilaxori gulmodginebiT gaisarjnen. isev daixsnes da miabares uklebriv kaTalikozs saqone-li mcxeTisa~1.

8. iranelTa batonoba sul ufro mZimdeboda. ase

gagrZeleba rom aRar SeiZleboda, gansakuTrebiT maSin

gaxda naTeli, roca isedac ekonomiurad udides gasaWi-

rSi myof mosaxleobas Sahma kidev uzarmazari gadasa-

xadi da begara Seawera2.

daiwyo ajanyeba, romlis sulisCamdgmeli da me-

Tauri iyo givi amilaxvari. rogorc zemoT mravaljer

aRiniSna givi amilaxvars pirad cxovreba ise hqonda

mowyobili, rom samduravi ar eTqmoda, mas ar aklda

Tanamdeboba, qoneba da qveyanaSic didi avtoritetiT

sargeblobda. magram man piraduli gvrdze gadasdo da

qveynisa da xalxis gasaWiriT Sewuxebuli saxifaTo

gzas daadga. àma ambavTa Sina, (1742 w. _ e. m.) Tvesa aprilsa ia (11 _ e. m.), Ramesa bzobisasa, qalaqidam (Tbilisi – e. m.) Rame gaipara da amilaxori, romeli ijda veqilad, wavida Tavisis colSviliT da Tan gaitana paata abaSiZis coli da saridan erisTavisSvi-lis coli~3. rogorc movlenebis Semdgomi ganviTare-

bidan Cans, amilaxvars winaswar SemuSavebuli hqonda

ajanyebis gegma da momxrenic mravlad hyavda – zemo

qarTlma, qsnis da aragvis xeobebma mas erTianad mxari

dauWires: paata abaSiZe da is sxva Tavadebi, romlebic

qarTlis xans iorze axldnen imave bzobis Rames gamo-


491

iparnen da givisTan dadgnen; ajanyebas miemxro aragvis

erisTavi beJani Tavis jariT, qsnisa da aragvis xevis-

kacebi da sxv. yvelam erTgulebis fici misces givi ami-

laxvars1.

***

givi amilaxvaris meTaurobiT qarTlSi dawyebuli

ajanyebis mizezebis Sesaxeb arsebobs saintereso weri-

li, romlis avtoria XIX s. cnobili sazogado moRvawe,

poeti, dramaturgi, publicisti da istorikosi aleqsan-

dre jambakur-orbeliani. avtori cdilobs XVIII s. am

umniSvnelovanesi movlenis gamomwvevi mizezebi daiyvanos

givi amilaxvaris Teimuraz II-isa da qaixosro sard-

lisadmi wyenasa (mefe Teimurazs ganzraxuli hqonda Ta-

vis vaJisTvis, ereklesaTvis colad SeerTo elizbar

yaflaniSvilis Zmis vaxtangis asuli ana da Tavis

ganzraxvaze sardal qaixosro jambakur orbeliansa da

givi amilaxvars acnoba. am dros isini Teimurazis

momxreebi iyvnen. qaixosrom qorwineba CaSala, riTac

givi, romelic vaxtang yaflaniSvilis siZe iyo, didad

gaanawyena) da ruseTis agentebis gavlenamde (sayu-

radReboa misi damokidebuleba ruseTis mier saqar-

Tvelos aneqsiisadmi. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi monawi-

leobisaTvis is daapatimres da orenburgSi gadaa-

saxles). ra Tqma unda, yvela mizezma (iranis xeli-

suflebis mZrcvelurma politikam, vaxtang VI-isa da

baqaris werilebma da maTi qarTlis taxtze dabrunebis

momxreebma da piradma wyenam) erTobliobaSi mniSvne-

loba iqonia givi amilaxvaris ajanyebis meTaurad gax-

domaSi. magram mas, rom ajanyebis pirvel etapze

sayovelTao mxardaWera hqonda, amis umTavresi mizezi

1 iqve, gv. 53-54.

492

Sahis karis mier qarTlSi gatarebuli politikiT gamo-

wveuli sayovelTao ukmayofileba iyo.

al. jambakur-orbelianis werili sainteresoa mas-

Si gadmocemuli faqtebiTa da avtoriseuli analiziT.

amitom saWirod mimaCnia am naklebad cnobili werilis

mkiTxvelisaTvis gacnoba.

movusminoT al. jamb.-orbelians: ès unda gamovar-kvioT, imis gaqcevis mizezi ra iyo? is givi amlaxvari Cveni saxlis siZe iyo, papiCemis mamis elizbar eSkaRaba-Sis da hyuanda colaT... am dros qaixosro j. orbeli-ani da givi midgomili iyvnen mefis Teimurazis kerZ da imisi mxare eWiraT, radgan mefe vaxtang ruseTSi gada-vida, saqarTvelozed Ãeli aiRo, amisTÂs imas (Teimu-razs _ e.m.) miudgnen saqarTvelos gasaerTianeblad da Zalian kargaTac qnes, magram qaixosros sardlis guli aRar moasvenes eSmakebma da Tavis Tavzed SiSi misces. Tu mefis Teimurazis Svili irakli elizbar eSkaRaba-Sis Zmiswuls vaxtangis qals anas SeirTamda, maSin igi daiRupeboda. es fiqrebi rom daunerges qaixosro sar-dals, am dros batoiSvili irakli indoeTidgan movida saqarTveloSi da magTeni xani aRara gamovida ra, eli-zbar eSkaRabaSis Zmiswuli vaxtangis qali ana waiyvanes batoiSvilis iraklisaTvis saqorwinod. amaze guli Seuwuxda qaixosros sardals, ra qnas, rogora qnas. am-asTan dauyovnad, TÂT batoiSvilis iraklis maxlob lebi SeuCines mosyidviTa ymawvils kacs iraklis. jer im RvTiurs qalzed bevri raRaebic uTxres, mas ukan elizbar eSkaRabaSzed: miTam qristianebs Tavis ymebs tyveda hyiddes osmalebzed da bolo dros orguleba uTxres elizbar eSkaRabaSisa mefis Teimurazis ojax-zed. amis gamo batoiSvili irakli ise gaajavres, roma Tavgadaklulma aRara qna SerTva im qalisa. swuxdnen mefe dedofali, magram aRar iqna, veRar daibrunes ir-

493

aklis guli, romelica Semdgom is qali iqmna monozani alaverdSi, sadac mwuxarebiT mokvda da iqve aris da-marxuli. Semdgom mefe irakli Turme ityoda Tavis col-SvilSi: me rom yaflan falavandiSvilis qali ma-magondeba, imisi sibraluli Zalian Semawuxebs xolme, ymawvili viyav da ymawvikacobiT Semacdines, rom amazed jvari aRar daviwere. rogorc Semdgom Sevitye, es sul qaixosro sardlis saqme iyo Tavis SiSis gamo. magram im Tavis ubralo tyuilma SiSma givs amilaxvars saqarTve-lo daaRupina da somxiTi xom sulerTianaT gaaoxrebi-nao. sxuasac bevrs ityoda xolme mefe irakli im ambeb-zed... axla amis Semdgom givis ambavi movyveT, ra qna iman?

rodisac nadirSa darbands iyo da qarTvelebi saWironi aRar iyvnen, daiTxova da givs amilaxvars mo-

sca veqiloba qაrTlisa. wamosuli eseni ra movidnen me-

fes TeimurazTan, aq givs daxvda ambavi: batoiSvilma iraklim Seni colis Zmis vaxtangis qalze xeli aiRo da imereTidan moiyvana T~a mxeiZis qali, romelmaca jvari daiwerao. givi amilaxvari imisTana kaci ar iyo, rom Tavis colis samSoblos damcireba iman moeTmina, romelsaca maSin imas Zlierebac didi hqonda, TiTqmis

mTels qarTls brZaneblobda. am drosac batoisSvilis baqaris (mefis vaxtangis Svilisa) wignic mouvida ruse-Tidgan imas da Txovda erTgulobas, romelsaca erek-lesgan im qalis gaSvebasa esec zed daerTo im mizezsa da maSinve ganiZraxa kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz gadaagdos da imis nacvlad qarTlis mefe dajdes mTels saqarTve-loSi. amis gamo jer SeuCnda mefes Teimurazs, rom is nadirSas gaudges da osmal lekebis SemweobiT iranni garekon saqarTuÀlodgan, romelica TÂT im saqmes TÂT givi SeiZlebs, oRond mefe Teimurazmac inebos da erT-

494

ad imoqmedon. amasTanave mefis vaxtangis Svils bato-iSvils baqarsac meore wigni miswera, gafrTxilebiT CumaT da saqarTvelos mefed moiwvia.

es amisTana TaTbiri mefe Teimurazma ar moiwona givisagan da uari uTxra, romelTaca Soris amis gamo daiTesa samduravi da bolo dros mtrobac. am droebSi batoiSvili baqarisaganac kidev wigni mouvida Tanxmo-bisa givsa, romelmaca aRar daiyovna da 11 aprils 1744-sa welsa bzobis Rames q. tfilisidgan gaipara qarTlSi da amxedrda mefis Teimurazis winaaRmdegaT. eseni sul ruseTis agentebisagan moxda. qaixosro sardalsac es undoda, rom givi gaiqca. axla ra qnas, rogor moa-xerxos, rom elizbar eSkaRabaSic rogorme moiSoros, radgan is ar gahyva givs amilaxvars da iqve mefes Te-imurazTan darCa. es mZimeT awva qaixosro sardals, amisTÂs rom imis guli Tavisufali unda yofiliyo, saqarTvelos gaserTeblad Tavisuflad emoqmeda da saeWo imisi aRaravin yofiliyo, radgan elizbar eSka-RabaSisa eSinoda: dRes Tu xvale mamaswrobs da da magiers mizamso. ase Turme didaT eSinoda, romelmaca amisTÂsca Rone moipova, nadiSasTan erevanSi CumaT bez-Reba dauwyo, rom miTam imas orgulobdes da givs amilaxvars CumaT wignebs swerdes qarTlSi. zedata-nebiT airumebi daexocaT qarTlSi da es xom damtkice-biT daabrala elizbar eSkaRabaSsa qaixosro sardalma. amazed is didaTg aajavra umisoTac is mrisxane na-dirSa, saCqaroT erevans miayvanina eSikRabaSi elizbar da gaukiTxavad Tavis Tval win moaSTobina, sadac qaixosro sardalic iq iyo da sxua qarTvelebic bevrni. am ambvsa iq damswre erTi vinme aRwers... givi amila-xvaris yuramdisinac mivida ese: Seni colis Zma eliz-bar eSkaRabaSi qaixosro sardalma daaxrCobina Sahna-dirsao. elizbar eSkaRabaSis das eldiscemiT gul

495

Semoeyara da givi amilaxvari aprialda. rodesac guli moibruna, givma SeuTvala qaixosro sardals: ìrakli-sagan im qalis gaSvebasa da elizbar eSkaRabaSis sikvdilsa sul cxviridan amogadeno: mag Sens somxiTs ase gavaoxreb, bRavani aRar ipoebodes mand~. isec uyo~1.

***

Sahisa da misi moxeleebis kiTxvaze, Tu ra iyo

ajanyebis mizezi, givi amilaxvari pasuxobda: `qveyana oxer Seiqmna da ara gamodiodis rao. veRar SevZel samsaxuri xemwifisa da wavelo~2.

ajanyeba sul ufro seriozul saxes iRebda da

Sahis karis SeSfoTebas iwvevda. amilaxvari osmalebs

da lekebs daxmarebas Txovda da ruseTSi mcxovreb

vaxtang VI_is vaJis baqaris Camoyvanas cdilobda.

givi amilaxvris mier dawyebul ganmaTavisuflebel

oms yizilbaSebma damsjeli eqspediciebiT upasuxes. Sah-

ma givi amilaxvris ajanyebis Caqroba specialurad

gamogzavnil xans daavala. xan erTi mxare imarjvebda,

xan _ meore. qveyana ekonomikurad nadgurdeboda. xanma

pirvel rigSi Sida qarTlsa da gors Seutia. givi ami-

laxvari gorSi ar imyofeboda, zemo qarTlis cixeebs

amagrebda. givis ekava suramis cixe da borjomis xeo-

baSi petres cixe. givis mniSvnelovan daxmarebas uwevda

axalcixis faSa, kerZod, tyvia-wamals ugzavnida. axal-

cixesTan stabiluri kavSiris gansaxorcieleblad gan-

sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba petres cixes eniWeboda. aseve

1 werili Sedgenilia 1867 wlis 9 maiss TbilisSi. givi ami-laxvaris gaqceva q. tfilisidgan al. jamb.-orbelianisa //

sargis kakabaZe, werilebi da masalebi saqarTvelos istori-

isaTvis, w. I, Tbilisi, 1914, gv. 66-70. 2 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 54.

496

mniSvnelovan rols aniWebda givi amilaxvari cxinvals.

am RonisZiebebis gatarebis Semdeg givi sagvareulo re-

zidenciaSi sxviloSi dadga.

qarTlSi Sahis nacvalma imam-yul-xanma ajanyebul-

Ta rigebSi ganxeTqilebis Setanis mizniT, ganmdgar Ta-

vadebTan molaparakeba daiwyo, romelTac mraval sikeT-

es dahpirda. man mokle xanSi mniSvnelovan warmatebas

miaRwia. zaal rostomis Ze avalisSvilma `Seaparna kac-

ni, aiRo cixe da gamoasxa kacni amilaxorisani. Seiyvana

kacni Tvisni, uboZa xalaTi xanma da uimeda wyaloba

friadi~. yizilbaSebis mxares gadavida vaxuSti abaSiZe1.

zogierTi Tavadis ajanyebisagan Camocilebis miu-

xedavad, mteri givi amalaxvaris Zlevas ver axerxebda.

warumatebeli iyo yizilbaSebis Seteva sxviloze, ara-

gvis saerisTavoze. periodul gamoxdomebs axdendnen yi-

zilbaSebi da maTi momxre qarTveli Tavadebi goridan

suramis mimarTulebiT. maT SeZles kaspis cixis aReba.

radgan brZolebisa da aklebisagan yvelaze metad

zemo qarTli zaraldeboda, mas mosaxleobis mniSvnel-

ovani nawili tovebda da mTeli komlebiT saqarTvelos

sxva politikur erTeulebSi an ucxoeTSi midioda. mar-

to saamilaxvrodan 3 aTasi komli kaxeTSi gadavida.

rogorc n. berZeniSvili werda: ès yvelazed saSiSi

ganaCeni iyo qarTlis farTo sazogadoebam rom gamou-

tana gadagvarebis gzazed Semdgar ajanyebas~2.

yizilbaSebma ajanyebis Sesusteba givisaTvis Tei-

muraz meoris dapirispirebiT SeZles. qarTlis feoda-

lebi or banakad gaiyvnen. erTni kaxeTis mefe Teimu-

raz II-s uWerdnen mxars, meoreni ki – givis. rac dro

1 iqve, gv. 56. 2 berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan // saqar-

Tvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 181.

497

gadioda, pirveli banakis rigebi izrdeboda, meoresi

sustdeboda. givi, mdgomareobis Tavis sasargeblod

gamosworebis mizniT, qarTlSi xan osmalebs, da xan

lekebs epatiJeboda. oriveni ki qveyanas dauzogavad

iklebdnen.

1744 wlis ivlisSi nadir-Sahma qarTlis mefed Tei-

muraz II, xolo kaxeTisa _ erekle II scno.

Sahma Teimurazs givis Sepyroba daavala da dam-

xmared 4 aTasi kacic gaugzavna. Teimurazma givis samyo-

fel suramis cixes alya Semoartya, ramdenjerme scada

misi aReba, magram uSedegod. xan Teimurazi da xanac

Sahi givi amilaxvars sxvadasxva dapirebebs aZlevdnen,

magram igi cixidan ver gamoiyvanes. bolos, rodesac su-

ramis cixis kedlis mniSvnelovani nawili aafeTqes, gi-

vim mefes SeuTvala: `batoni dedofali mobrZandeso da imas mivendobio~1. marTlac dedofali Tamari mivida,

givi cixidan gamovida da Sefica: `Tqveni moRalate aR-ar viyoo~. mefe-dedofalic Tavis mxriv amilaxvars da-

pirdnen, rom àraferi arc waxdeniTa da arc sikvdi-liT ar giSavdes rao~. amis Semdeg givim Teimurazs ga-

dasca suramis cixe. dedofali Tamari TbilisSi wavida

da givic Tan waiyvana. Teimurazma SahTan sardali qai-

xosro gagzavna, givi amilaxvris Semorigeba acnoba da

Txova misi danaSaulis patieba.

Sahma erTi piroba Teimurazis Txovna Seiwynara,

xelmwifis rayami uboZa, romliTac Teimurazs ubrZana:

àmilaxori Tavisis saqonliT SenTvis gviboZebiao da magisi sisxlic SenTvis gvipatiebiao~.

Teimuraz II-m givi amilaxvars saxlTuxucesoba ub-

oZa `da ganages yovelive saqme Ãelmwifuri, viTac Zve-

lTagan wesi yofiliyo qarTvelTa mefeTagan~. magram

1 iqve, gv. 96.

498

Semdeg, moulodnelad Sahs èbrZana givis amilaxoris cixeebis daqceva~. brZanebis Sesabamisad daangries su-ramisa da kexvis cixeebi. axaldabis cixesa da sxvilos

cixeSi Teimurazis sando razmebi idga. ar gauvlia did

xans da movida axali brZaneba givi amilaxvaris dapa-

timrebisa da SahTan wayvanis Sesaxeb. savaraudoa iranSi

myofi amilaxvris mter-mowinaaRmdegeebi Caagonebdnen

Sahs givi amilaxvris mimarT represiuli RonisZiebebis

gatarebas. friad Sewuxdnen qarTlis mefe-dedofali,

magram brZanebis Seusrulebloba ar SeeZloT. givi

`xelxundiT~ irans gagzavnes, magram mefis kacs xelmwi-

fesTan Txovna gaatanes amilaxvaris Sewyalebis Sesaxeb.

Sahma Seismina mefe-dedoflis Txovna da givi gaanTavis-

ufla. nadirma ìsmina aja mefisa~1 da givis `TveSi aTi Tumani gauCina~2. man givi maSinve samSobloSi ki ar daa-

bruna, aramed jer xorasanSi gagzavna3, magram ar viciT,

ras saqmianobda is am provinciaSi.

9. damTavrda qarTlSi e.w. givi amilaxvaris ajanye-

ba, romelic d. gvritiSvilma dahyo sam ZiriTad etapad

da igi asaxavs mxolod yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg ajan-

yebas4. vfiqrob, givi amilaxvaris moRvaweoba rogorc

ucxoeli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg mebrZolisa unda

gaiyos or mTavar (òsmalobis~ da `yizilbaSobis~) da ramdenime qveperiodad.

1 iqve, gv. 97. 2 iase oses Ze baraTaSvili, cxovreba-anderZi // a. ioselianis gamocema. masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis,

nakv. 28, Tbilisi, 1950, gv. 13. 3 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 98. 4 gvritiSvili d., qarTveli xalxis brZolis istoriidan Tu-

rq da iranel dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg XVIII s. pirvel

naxevarSi (givi amilaxvaris ajanyeba), gv. 131.

499

òsmaloba~: I periodi: 1723 _ 1726 ww. givi amilaxvari, qarTlis

zogierT sxva TavadebTan erTad, osmalebs ebrZvis.

II periodi: 1733 w. givi amilaxvari antiosmaluri

ajanyebis momzadebaSi monawileobs; 1734 _ 1735 ww. givi

amilaxvari iaraRiT xelSi ebrZvis osmalebs.

`yizilbaSoba~: I periodi: 1742 w. aprili _ 1743 wlis gazafxuli,

yizilbaSobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ajanyeba, romlis

meTauria givi amilaxvari. d. gvritiSvilma ajanyebis am

periods, sruliad samarTlianad, progresuli uwoda.

II. periodi: 1743 w. gazafxuli _ 1744 w. ivnisi. ajan-

yebis daqveiTeba. givis momxreTa ricxvi mcirdeba. yi-

zilbaSebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli givi osmalebis agen-

tad gadaiqca.

III periodi: 1744 w. zafxuli _ 1745 wlis zafxuli.

àjanyebas ideuri safuZveli gamoecala, man reaqciuli xasiaTi miiRo, igi TavadTa urTierTavdamsxmel avanti-urad gadaiqca~1.

n. berZeniSvilis SefasebiT, givi amilaxvaris brZo-

las dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg is didi mniSvneloba hq-

onda, rom: àjanyebulTa mxne brZolam aiZula nadirSa-hi savsebiT uareyo Tavisi pirvandeli gegma saqarTvel-os mimarT da `yizilbaSoba~ aq TandaTan `qarTvelo-biT~ Seecvala~2

10. vidre nadir-Sahi cocxali iyo, safiqrebelia, is

saqarTveloSi myof givi amilaxvars ver endoboda,

magram kargad xedavda da jerovanad afasebda am niWi-

eri samxedro da politikuri moRvawis SesaZleblobebs,

1 iqve. 2 berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan, gv. 182.

xazgasma n. berZeniSvilisa.

500

amitom mizanSewonilad CaTvala misi gamoyeneba saku-

Triv iranSi. givi amilaxvris saqarTvelodan iranSi

wayvaniT Sahma, faqtiurad bolo mouRo winaaRmdegobis

keras zemo qarTlSi _ saamilaxvroSi, zogadad, aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi. am RonisZiebiT man ganumtkica

xelisufleba Teimuraz II-sa da erekle II-s.

givi didxans datoves iranSi, sadac man Sahis ndo-

ba daimsaxura imdenad, rom 1747 wels nadirma, rogorc

a. amilaxvari gadmogvcems, SesTavaza: `gaZlev ocdaToT-xmeti aTas jaris kacs, wadi saqarTveloSi da samefos marTva-gamgeoba ikisre, xolo Teimurazi misi vaJi irak-liTurT daiWire da gamomigzavne!~ givis, imave avtoris TqmiT, uari ar uTqvams da saqarTveloSi wamosvlis

samzadiss Sesdgomia. magram misi gamomgzavrebis wina

Rames nadir-Sahi mokles1. axalma Sahma givi kidev ufro

aamaRla, `mravali uboZa da radgan SemZlebeli kaci iyo, yularaRasobac2 misca da mazandaras erTi cixis qalaqis gakeTebac ubrZana~3. givi amilaxvars iranSi sa-

xeli Seucvales Sah-yuli-xani daarqves4. gansakuTrebiT

unda aRiniSnos, rom givi amilaxvarma iranSi ise imoR-

vawa, rjuli ar Seicvala. papuna orbeliani SeniSnavda,

rom mas iranSi èrTi didi pativi es mieniWa, rom yu-

laraRasoba misces da sjuli ver daagdebines da egre-ve qristianobiT movida qarTlSi~5. igi Zlier gamdid-

1 amilaxvari al., georgianuli istoria // mnaTobi, 1939, #8,

gv. 136. 2 Turqulad _ yuli _ jaris ufross niSnavs. pirveli yul-

araRasi iyo alaverdi xani undilaZe. es Tanamdeboba

yovelTvis qarTvel ufliswuls an feodals ekava. 3 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 150. 4 iqve, gv. 151. 5 iqve, gv. 159.

501

rda da `gamogzavna qarTlSi oqro da vercxli mravali Tvisisa msaxur aznaur-SvilTaTvis da esenic sul Tvisi Zmiswulic daviT daebarebina Tavrizs, gaikeTes iaraRi yovelTa oqrosi da wavidnen1. givi arc mefes, dedof-als da qarTvel didebulebs iviwyebda. maTac ugzavni-da saCuqrebs. igi arc eklesia-monastrebs tovebda uyu-

radRebod da isini sadac ar unda yofiliyo _ imereTSi

Tu samxreT saqarTveloSi, garkveul Sesawiravs ugzav-

nida. àm qveynebSi visac icnobda didronis kacebisaT-vis, yovelTvis mravali oqro da anu lari turfa miuZ-Rvna yovelTa calk-calke~.

1749 wels mTeli irani anarqiam moicva. iq myofi

qarTveli Tavadaznauroba did gaWirvebaSi Cavarda. maT

givis Txoves daxmareba. `man misca qarTvelTa, vis rog-or efereboda an sazrdeli da rac klebuloba hqon-daT, yvela gauriga qarTvelTa, gamouZRva ase lomgul-ad da kais sardlobiT moiqca Sah-yuli-xan (givi ami-laxvari _ e.m.), roca saca mteri auCndis, risxva RvTisa dasca da egre xlmis ZaliT movidnen qveyanasa qarTli-saTa... didi pativis misca mefeman Teimuraz da mefemna ereklem, dadga qalaqSi da aRar wavida samkvidrosa Tvissa da sufevda mdidrobiT qalaqsa Tbilisasa~2.

1752 wels givi Tbilisis mouravad dainiSna3. ro-

gorc Cans, mas ajanyebis dros CamorTmeuli zemo qar-

Tlis sadroSos sardloba da, Sesabamisad, goris mour-

avoba aRar aRudgines. Tbilisis mouravad yofnis peri-

odSi givim qaSueTis eklesia aaSena da amis Semdeg male

gardaicvala kidec. givi amilaxvari, papuna orbelianis

1 iqve. 2 iqve, gv. 159. 3 iase oses Ze baraTaSvili, cxovreba-anderZi, gv. 17.

502

mixedviT, gardaicvala 1754 wels, `romeli iyo dide-buli da mdidari kaci da yovelgan saxelganTqmuli~1.

aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT imave istorikosis mier

daxasiaTebuli `givi amilaxori, romelsa erqva Sah-yuli-xan, mnaxavTaTvis sasiamovno iyo, didisa didebiTa da gamoCeniT, viTac Seefereboda simdidresa da simaRlesa missa... ese iyo sikeTe misi, romelsac siZ-nelesa saqmesa Cavardis, ase rigad moiyvanes saqme, rom dideba da pativi ar moakldis da umaRlessa xarisxsa aRvidis sibrZniT da mxne da qceviT TvisTa~2.

sxva versiiT givi amilaxvari gardaicvala 1757

wels.

1 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 211. 2 iqve, gv. 159.

503

anton I-is mier kaTolikobis aRiarebis

politikuri safarveli

rwmenis sakiTxSi orgvari standarti saSinao da

sagareo politikisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamo-

Cnda qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis _ Teimuraz II-isa da ere-

kle II-is dros. isini, qveynis SigniT marTlmadideblo-

bis Tavgamodebuli damcvelni, dasavleT evropasTan

urTierTobis dros Tavs aCvenebdnen kaTolikobisadmi

loialurad ganwyobilad an mimdevrebad.

SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogor warimarTeboda

qveynis, erisa da mefis ojaxis winaSe udidesi damsaxu-

rebis mqone sulxan-saba orbelianis Semdgomo cxov-

reba, samefo kars rom misTvis zurgi Seeqcia. amis

Tqmis safuZvels iZleva anton I kaTalikosis Tavgada-

savali. antons `Seswames~ kaTolikoba da misma mowi-

naaRmdegeebma, mefe Teimurazis mxardaWeriT, igi gadaa-

yenes kaTalikosobidan, miuxedavad imisa, rom man saja-

rod, araerTxel uaryo Tavisi `cTomileba~.

anton I kaTalikosi iyo XVIII saukunis meore

naxevris didi qarTveli moazrovne, ganmanaTlebeli,

mecnieri, filosofosi, politikuri da saeklesio moR-

vawe. amjerad Cem mizans ar warmoadgen warmovaCino am

uaRresad saintereso moRvawis mravalmxrivi damsaxu-

reba. mxolod unda gavarkvioT aRiara Tu ara man ro-

disme kaTolikoba. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom anton

kaTalikosis mier sarwmunoebis Secvlis Sesaxeb gav-

rcelebuli xma gaxda biZgis mimcemi aRmosavleT saqa-

rTveloSi kaTolikeTa didi devnisa.

XVIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi aRmosavleT saqarT-

velos eklesiaSi erTmaneTs daupirispirda ori banaki.

erTs saTaveSi edga anton kaTalikosi da meores ki,

aseve cnobili saeklesio moRvawe, Teimuraz II-is karis

504

moZRvari, anton kaTalikosis mowinaaTmdege, mwerali,

kaligrafi, ganmanaTlebeli, zaqaria gabaSvili, rome-

lic qarTuli eklesiis orTodoqsul frTas warmoad-

genda1. maT ukan idga ori gansxvavebuli orientaciis

politikuri dajgufeba. radgan antoni evropeizmis gzas

adga TiTqos, amis gamo farulad kaTolikuri mrwamsi

aRiara. zaqaria gabaSvili, marTlmadideblobis mxurva-

le damcveli, realurad proiranuli orientaciis po-

litikosTa dasayrdenad iqca, romelTac ar esmodaT sa-

xelmwifos momavlisaTvis siaxleebis danergvis mniSvne-

loba.

antikaTolikuri moZraobis dawyebis iniciatorad

marTlmadideblur qveynebSi gamodioda konstantinopo-

lis sapatriarqo, saidanac agzavnidnen patriarqis xel-

moweril cirkularebs patrebis saqarTvelodan gan-

devnis mowodebiT. qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gansakuT-

rebiT aqtiurobdnen antikaTolikuri moZraobis da qa-

rTuli samRvdeloloebis orTodoqsuli frTis meTa-

urebi _ Teimuraz II-is karis moZRvari zaqaria gaba-

Svili da ninowmindeli mTavarepiskoposi saba.

1 leoniZe g., Ziebani qarTuli literaturis istoriidan,

Tbilisi, 1949; leoniZe g., gamokvlevebi da werilebi, Tbili-si, 1959; baramiZe al., besarion gabaSvili // besiki, Txzule-

bani, Tbilisi, 1962; Zveli qarTveli mexotbeni, II / gamomcem-

eli ivane lolaSvili, Tbilisi, 1964; caiSvili s., besarion gabaSvili // qarTuli literaturis istoria, eqvstomeuli.

rusTavelis sax. qarTuli literaturis institutis gamo-

cema, II, Tbilisi, 1966; k. kekeliZe, Zveli qrTuli literatu-

ris istoria, II, Tbilisi, 1981; ioane batoniSvili, `xumarswa-

vla~ (`kalmasoba~) / teqsti gamosacemad moamzades ciala

kaxabriSvilma da cotne kikviZem, II, Tbilisi, 1991.

505

ratom unda gaCeniliyo eWvi antonis gakaTolike-

bis Sesaxeb?

ganaTlebul da mecnierul codnaze dawafebul pa-

triarqs, bunebrivia ainteresebda evropuli miRwevebi.

maSindeli saqarTvelos SezRudul pirobebSi evropuli

siaxleebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis wyaros warmo-

adgendnen kaTolike misionerebi, romlebTanac kontaqti

hqonda anton I-s. amis gamo igi, rogorc patri julio

bonaventura trentoeli gvauwyebs, garkveuli drois

ganmavlobaSi kaTolikebs mfarvelobda. igi konstanti-

nopolis patriarqis mier kaTolikeTa sawinaaRmdegod

gamogzavnil werilebs malavda da warmogzavnil mono-

znebs tkbili sityvebiT istumrebda. imave patris gad-

mocemiT, bolos antonma kaTolikoba miiRo da goris

ufrosi patris ieronime norCelis winaSe scno kaToli-

kuri rwmenis WeSmariteba. rodesac es ambavi gaxmaurda

Teimuraz II-m gamoZieba daniSna1. kaTalikosma antonma

masze ganxorcielebuli zewolis Sedegad Secdoma aRi-

ara. unda SevniSno, rom misionerebis mier saqarTvelos

mefeebisa da patriarqebisgan kaTolikobis miRebis

Sesaxeb romSi werilebis miwera, Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo.

devna daiwyo 1755 wlis 12 dekembers, TbilisSi.

zaqaria gabaSvilma da misma momxreebma antons brali

dasdes marTlmadidebeli eklesiidan gandgomisa da ka-

Tolikuri sarwmunoebis miRebaSi, rac udides danaSa-

ulSi braldeba iyo. mefe Teimurzi ara mxolod saqmis

kursSi iyo kaTalikosis winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebisa, ara-

med, rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, is dainteresebuli iyo

mis winaaRmdeg sanqciebis gatarebiT.

1 gaCeCilaZe k., erTi furceli sasuliero feodalizmis isto-

riidan, gv. 510-511.

506

Teimuraz II-es ufliswul TeimurazTan (iese mefis

Ze) piradi SurisZiebac amoZravebda. mas ar aviwydeboda,

rom es ukanaskneli erT dros qarTlis taxtze preten-

zias acxadebda da qarTlis uZlieresi feodalis, givi

amilaxvaris mxardaWeris mopovebas cdilibda. antoni

dainiSna kidec givis qaliSvilze, magram, rogorc

aRiniSna, niSnoba CaSala kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz II-is

dedofalma, vaxtang VI-is asulma Tamarma. rodesac igi

mefe TeimurazTan erTad nadir SahTan stumrobda.

mas surda Teimurazisa da givis naTesaoba-mokavSireoba

CaeSala. Teimuraz II-s TviTon eWira Tvali qarTlis

taxtze. Tamar deofalma mizans miaRwia. 1736 wels givi

amilaxvari iZulebuli gaxda SahisaTvis TviTonve mie-

gvara Tavisi asuli. Seuracxyofili Teimurazi imere-

TSi gadavida da 1738 wels gelaTis monasterSi berad

Sedga. mas antoni uwodes. is jer gaxda gelaTis mona-

stris winamZRvari, Semdeg ki, quTaisis mitropoliti.

1744 wels antoni aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos

patriarqad airCies. mis kurTxevas mxolod erekle II

eswreboda. antoni erekles TanamebrZoli gaxda. es

urTierToba maT sicocxlis bolomde SeinarCunes. mag-

ram qarTlis mefe Teimurazi antonis, rogorc taxtis

mociles mimarT, arakeTilismosurne iyo.

1755 w. 16 dekembers mcxeTis saeklesio krebam anto-

ni kaTalikosobidan gadaayena. mas bralad edeboda mwv-

alebloba, rac mis mier kaTolikobis aRiarebaSi gamoi-

xata. 1756 w. 4 aprils ànton kaTalikosma aRiara Tavi-si cToma winaSe krebisa, mefe Teimurazma Seumsubuqa sasjeli da neba misca gorSi wirvisa aRdgoma dRes _

507

kg aprils (23 aprili _ e.m.)~1. imis sanacvlod, rom

antonma uaryo kaTolikoba, igi aRadgines RvTismsaxure-

bis uflebaSi da ruseTSi gauSves2. 23 aprils, xuTSa-

baTs, wirvis damTavrebisTanave, antoni ruseTs gaemgza-

vra, z. WiWinaZis mixedviT, antoni sami dRe gorSi ga-

Cerebula3. papuna orbeliani mxolod ambobs, rom `wabr-Zanda kaTalikozi antoni batoniSvili goridam ruseTs, Tvesa aprilisa~4.

anton pirvelis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebi dagvi-

tova ruseTis saidumlo agentma saqarTveloSi, oTar

Tumanovma5 (TumaniSvili) Tavis moxsenebiT baraTSi, ro-

1 T. Jordania azustebs TariRs da aSniSnavs, rom aRdgoma

1756 wlis 14 aprils iyo. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarT-

velos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, III, gv. 235. 2 kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tbilisi,

1960, gv. 374. 3 WiWinaZe z., patri nikola rogorc eqimi da misi drois qar-

Tveli kaTolikeni saqarTveloSi, tfilisi, 1896, gv. 24. 4 papuna orbeliani, ambavi qarTlisani, gv. 239. 5 oTar Tumanovi vaxtang mefes gahyva ruseTSi, msaxurobda

ruseTis jarSi, iyo qarTuli husarTa polkis kapitani; iyo

astraxanis guberniis kancelariis Cinovniki, xelmZRvanelo-

bda sagareo dazvervis ganyofilebas. 1753 wlidan cxovrob-

da moskovSi. internet resursi: ttp://ru.hayazg.info/%D0%A2%-

D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%-

82%D0%B0%D1%80

ruseTis mTavrobam oTari 2 wliT gamouSva saqarTve-

loSi, viTomdac Tavisi ojaxis saqmeebis mosagvareblad. mas

daavales aTanase Tbilelisa da svimon mayaSvilis elCobis

ruseTidan uSedegod dabrunebiT gamowveuli ukmayofilo-

bis Seswavla. unda aRiniSnos, rom elCoba Cavida moskovSi,

sadac im dros imyofeboda saimperatoro kari da gadasca

Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is sigeli. 1752 wlis 25 dekem-

bers elCoba miiRo vice-kanclerma m. i. voroncovma da imave

508

melic gaugzavna ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saxelmwifo

kolegias.

oTar Tumanovis cnobebi SedarebiT srulia da zo-

gierT gansxvavebul informacias Seicavs: rodesac cno-

bili gaxda kaTalikos antonis kaTolikobaze gadasvl-

is Sesaxeb, 1755 wlis 16 dekembers erekle II kaxeTidan

Tbiliss mivida, imave Rames Sekriba sabWo, romelmac mi-

zanSewonilad CaTvala uSualod antonisagan Seetyo

ramdenad Seefereboda simarTles gavrcelebuli xma da

masTan gagzavnes ori arqimandriti. kaTalikosma aRiara

marTlmadideblobis daTmoba da kaTolikobaze gadas-

vla. aRmoCnda, rom antons hyavda momxre xuTi episkopo-

dRes imperator elisabeds warudgina qarTveli elCebis mi-

er Catanili `Txovnis furceli~. mefeebi iTxovdnen finan-

sur daxmarebas, raTa SeeqmnaT 20-aTasiani jari; gamoegzavn-

aT saqarTveloSi gansazRvruli raodenobis Cerqezebi (yaba-

rdoelebi) da donis kazakebi; ruseTis xelisuflebas aekr-

Zala misadmi morCilebaSi myofi mTieli tomebis Tavdasxme-

bi saqarTveloze. Маркова О. П., Россия, Закавказье и международ-

ные отношения в веке, Москва, 1996, с. 128.

ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiam mxolos TxuTmeti

Tvis Semdeg ganixila saqarTvelos sakiTxi da ruseTis sae-

rTaSoriso mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT moamzada uaryo-

fiTi pasuxi.

oTar Tumanovs unda Seeswavla qarTvel xelisufalTa

reaqcia `Txovnis furcelze~ miRebuli uaryofiTi pasuxis

gamo, Seegrovebina sxva mniSvnelovani cnobebi (zogierTi ma-

Tgani ganxilulia winamdebare naSromSi) da isini gadaeca

yizlaris komendantisaTvis, romlis saSualebiTac es cno-

bebi ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaSi moxvdeboda. oTar

Tumanovis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebi ix. cincaZe i., kapitan

oTar Tumanovis moxsenebiTi baraTebi saqarTvelodan (1754-

1756) // Tsu Sromebi, 1946, XXVII-b, gv. 1-32.

509

si da erTi somexi tertera. maTac aRiares danaSauli1.

antoni dauyovnebliv gadaayenes kaTalikosobidan da

wirvis Catarebis ufleba CamoarTves, xolo xuTi sam-

Rvdelo da erTi tertera ki meore dRes gakriWes. an-

tonma danaSauli aRiara, marTlmadideblobaze dabrun-

eba gamoacxada da Sesabamis fici dado. gairkva, rom

Tvrameti Tvis ganmavlobaSi is iyo kaTolike. amitom is

Tvrameti TviT kavTisxevis monasterSi gagzavnes da ama-

ve vadiT wirvis ufleba CamoarTves. vadis gasvlis Sem-

deg ki mas wirvis uflebas aRudgendnen, magram is

kaTalikosi aRarasodes iqneboda. mas Tu survili eqne-

boda, SeeZlo saqarTveloSi darCeniliyo, Tu ara da

sadac undoda, iq wasuliyo. 20 dekembers kaTolike

patrebsac winadadeba misces qveyana daetovebinaT. 23

1 1756 wlis 20 marts ruseTis konsuli Cerkalevski enzelis

portidan (Crdilo iranis gilianis provincia kaspiis

zRvis sanapiroze), Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda: enzelSi

Casulma Tbiliseli qarTveli daviT zugrabovisagan Seit-

yo, rom qarTveli patriarqi antoni gadayenebuli da ga-

dasaxlebulia erT monasterSi papis (kaTolikobis) eresis

gamo. kaTolikobaSi is saidumlod gadaiyvana erTma qar-

Tvelma Tvadma, amilaxvarma, romelic, Tavis mxriv am cdo-

milebaSi Seiyvanes TbilisSi myofma patrebma. mas ganzra-

xuli hqonda mTel saqarTveloSi aRmoefxvra berZnuli aR-

msarebloba da yvela moeqcia romaul kaTolikobaze. pat-

riarqis taxtidan gadayenebuli patriarqis Tanamzraxveli

episkoposebi, mRvdelmonazonebi da somexi mRvdeli gakri-

Wes da anaTemas gadasces. romaeli patrebi ramdenic iyv-

nen, Sesves virebze da gaaZeves TurqeTis sazRvrisaken, ra-

Ta SemdgomSi araviTari sababiT aRar dabrunebuliyvnen

saqarTveloSi. Документы по истории армяно-грузинских взаимоот-

ношении и общественной жизни Грузии (II пол. XVIII в.) // «Кавказ и

Византия», вып. 3, Ереван, 1982, с. 233.

510

ricxvSi maT Tbilisi datoves. dauyovnebliv moxda maTi

eklesiis marTmadideblur yaidaze gadakeTeba1.

oTar TumaniSvilis moxsenebaSi aRniSnuli faqtebi

daadastura 1756 wlis 24 ivliss yizlarSi dakiTxvis

dros gorelma kaTolike vaWarma («армянин римского зако-

на») manuCar saakovma da zogierTi axali cnobac da-

umata: `saqarveloSi gasul 1755 wlis dekemberSi saq-arTvelos da kaxeTis [mefe] Teimurazi qarTvel kaTa-

likos antonis gaurisxda imis gamo, rom man miatova Tavisi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba da miiRo ka-Tolikuri sarwmunoeba, ris gamo yvela kaTolike patri gandevnes saqarTvelodan da maTi eklesiebi moaqcies berZnul eklesiebad, aseve iq mcxovreb saqarTvelos kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis yvela somexs aiZuleben mii-

Ron marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba. amis gamo mravali gaiqca, xolo kaTalokosi gadaasaxles sofel kavTis-

xevSi, sadac icxovra ra mcirexans gadavida daba go-

rSi. imereTis mefisgan movida Txovna, rom [antoni] masTan gaegzavnaT, radgan is misi axlo naTesav iyo, magram qarTvelma mefem uari uTxra da kaTalikoss ubrZana moskovSi wasvla...~2

1757 wlis 17 marts anton I ruseTis imperatrica

elisabed pirvelisTvis gagzavnil moxsenebiT baraTSi

saqarTvelodan Tavisi gaZevebis mizezebs im saeklesio

reformebiT xsnida, romlebic man gaatara 1744-1749 wle-

bSi. me Tavadebs codvebisagan TavSekavebas vTxovdi, ra-

sac isini ver eguebodnen. Semdeg taxtidan Cemi gada-

1 cincaZe i., kapitan oTar Tumanovis moxsenebiTi baraTebi sa-

qarTvelodan (1754-1756) // Tsu Sromebi, 1946, XXVII-b, gv. 24. 2 cincaZe i., ramdenime axali cnoba XVIII saukunis qarTlis

istoriisaTvis // masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis isto-

riisaTvis, Tbilisi, 1942, nakv. IV, gv. 20.

511

yeneba moindomes, magram am survilis aRsruleba umize-

zod ver SeZles, brali damdes da gadamiwyvites wavsu-

liyavi iq, sadac momesurveboda. vinc exla saqarTve-

loSi, e. i. qarTlSi mefoben (gulisxmobda Teimuraz II-

es) Cveni taxtis memkvidreebi ar arian. qarTli papaCemsa

(vaxtahg VI) da Cem gvars (bagrationebis muxranbatonTa

ganStoeba) ekuTvnis. marTalia me beri viyavi, magram

iseTi ki ara, romelic mudmivad monasterSi cxovrobs;

yvela Tavadi da pativcemuli adamiani, aRzrdilni Cemi

biZisa da mamaCemis mier, rodesac isini nawyeni iyvnen, me

mommarTavdnen da yovelTvis vamSvidebdi imdenad, ram-

denadac Cemi wodeba amis uflebas maZlevda. mefem amis

moTmena da atana ver SeZlo da moindoma kaTalikosis

taxtidan Cemi gadayeneba. man gamoZebna mizezi da tyu-

il-ubralod cili damwamao1.

rogorc vxedavT antoni misTvis wayenebul konk-

retul braldebas (kaTolikobis aRiarebas) arc ki asa-

xelebs. albaT, mas braldeba imdenad absurdulad mi-

aCnda, rom misi gaxsenebac ki ar undoda, Tumca impe-

ratrica mis Sesaxeb sakmaod informirebuli iyo saqar-

Tvelodan da sasazRvro zolidan gagzavnili moxsene-

bebidan, romlebsac qvemoT gavecnobiT

imperatricas antonis udanaSaulobaze swerda mi-

si MZma, iese mefis Ze aleqsandre, romelic ise Seaviw-

roves, rom iZulebuli gaxda Tavisi Zmis gzas dasdgo-

moda da isic ruseTSi gadasuliyo2.

1756 w. aprilSi ruseTs mimavali antoni gors ewvia

da aRdgoma dRes goris eklesiaSi (igulisxmeba marTl-

madidebluri eklesia) wirvis ufleba misces3. is gaCer-

1 iqve, gv. 22. 2 iqve, gv. 24. 3 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 109.

512

da kaTolikebis eklesiasTan berebis saxlSi. misma as-

eTma moqmedebam Zlier aaRelva qalaqis samRvdeloeba.

antonma Tavi imiT imarTla, naavadmyofari var da, rad-

gan gorSi amaze ukeTesi saxli ar aris, aq gavCerdio1.

antoniT ukmayofilo gorelebma mefes werilic ki ga-

ugzavnes2.

sainteresoa, ratom iTxova antonma gorSi ewira

aRdgoma dRes? savaraudoa, antons surda gamomSvide-

boda Tavis yofil Tanamoazreebs _ gorel kaTolikebs.

patri julio bonavenTura trentoelis moxsenebidan

irkveva, rom antons kaTolikoba gorSi miuRia: àm kaTa-likozma (antonma _e.m.), RvTis madliT aRZrulma, bol-os miiRo romis wmida sarwmunoeba da Cvenis misioneris goris ufrosi patri ieronime norCelis winaSe aRiara kaTolike sarwmunoeba~3.

1756 wlis ganCinebaSi vkiTxulobT: `q. Cven cxebul-man mefeman saqarTvelosman Teimuraz da Zeman Cvenman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtk-iceT da ucvaleblad davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoeT an-toni kaTalikozi romaelTa sarwmunobaTa aRmsareblad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracx mqnelad, amas zeda SevikribeniT... vamxileT misi boroti cTomileba sar-wmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica; ese aw Sekrebulman wmi-daman krebaman ugulebel hyo da anton kaTalikozi sa-mociqulosa saydrisa da kaTolike eklesiisagan jerov-

1 WiWinaZe z., kaTolikTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, gv. 57. 2 WiWinaZe z., patri nikola rogorc eqimi da misi drois

qarTveli kaTolikeni saqarTveloSi, tfilisi, 1896, gv. 24. 3 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 373.

513

nad aRvfxvarT da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT~1. miu-

xedavad `mxilebisa~, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegia-

Si wardgenil moxsenebaSi antoni aRniSnavda, rom mtre-

bma cili damwames da amis gamo Cemi Tanamdebobidan ga-

damayeneso2. amgvarad, antonma risi uaryofac saqarTve-

loSi ver gabeda, imas dabejiTebiT uaryofda ruseTSi.

miuxedavad `mxilebisa~, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa

kolegiaSi wardgenil moxsenebaSi antoni aRniSnavda,

rom mtrebma cili damwames da amis gamo Cemi Tanam-

debobidan gadamayeneso3. amgvarad, is saerTod uaryof-

da raime kavSirs kaTolikobasTan. anton I rom sima-

rTles ambobda, man kidev erTxel ganacxada sulxan-

saba orbelianisadmi miZRvnil iambikoSi.

SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba an uaryofa ramdenad

gulwrfeli iyo anton kaTalikosi, rodesac igi pat-

rebis winaSe gulmxurvale kaTolike iyo, an maSin, ro-

desac saeklesio krebas marTlmadideblobisadmi erT-

gulebaze elaparakeboda. erTi ram cxadia, rom maSin

rodesac mas Tavi qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred

miaCnda da, SeiZleba, taxtis dakavebis imedi hqonda, mas

1 qavTaria m., XVIII saukunis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrov-

nebis istoriidan (anton bagrationis epistolarili memkvi-

dreoba), Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 17. anton I-is mxilebasa da mis

dasjaze ix. patri julio bonaventuras romSi gagzavnili

moxseneba. TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa

Soris, 373-375. 2 cincaZe i., ramdenime axali cnoba qarTlis me-18 saukunis istoriisaTvis, masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istori-

isaTvis, nakv. VI, Tbilisi, 1942, gv. 60-61, 85, 98; misive, 1783

wlis mfarvelobiTi traqtati, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 95. 3 cincaZe i., ramdenime axali cnoba qarTlis me-18 saukunis

istoriisaTvis, gv. 22; misive, 1783 wlis mfarvelobiTi traq-

tati, Tbilisi, 1960, gv. 95.

514

patrebTan urTierTobiT surda xazi gaesva qarTlis me-

feebis im tradiciuli sagareo politikuri orientaci-

isadmi, romelic maT evropis mimarT hqondaT erTiani

feodaluri monarqiis daSlis Semdeg. mas surda patre-

bisa da romis papebis saSualebiT gza gaekvala dasav-

leT evropis saxelmwifoebisken. mas aseTi aRiareba da

monanieba rom gaekeTebina ruseTis xelmwifis winaSe, ma-

Sin mas ruseTSi darCenis uflebas ar miscemdnen.

anton I, Teimuraz meorisa da misi kariskacebis ga-

gebiT, `damnaSave~ iyo, jer erTi, imitom, rom mis gar-

Semo Tavs iyridnen, rogorc Tavad werda, qarTlis ga-

nawyenebuli didebulebi, rac aryevda Teimurazis tax-

ts. meorec, anton I-is dasavleT evropaze gasvla miu-

Rebeli iyo kaxeTis bagrationebisaTvis, romlebsac tr-

adiciulad Tvali mipyrobili hqondaT ruseTis an ira-

nisken. Teimuraz meorec kaxeTis bagrationebidan iyo.

sakmaod originaluri mosazreba anton I-is mier

kaTolikobis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT SemogvTavaza k.

gaCeCilaZem. misi fiqriT, SesaZlebelia antonma kaToli-

koba miiRo imitom, rom am sarwmunoebas didi mniSvne-

loba hqonda evropasTan saurTierTod. mis mier gadadg-

mulma am nabijma ganarisxa mezobeli muslimanuri qve-

ynebi da ukmayofilo darCeboda ruseTic. Teimuraz II-is

fiqriT, radgan evropidan daxmarebis imedi ar iyo,

ruseTi ratomRa unda daekargaT. gadawyda misi Tanad-

gomis mosapoveblad, k. gaCeCilaZis azriT, prozeliti

kaTalikosi daesajaT. àmitomac antoni ar erideba Txovnis werilebis gagzavnas Teimuraz II-sTan, zaqaria gabaSvilTan, ruseTis sinodSi yvelanairad cdilobs, uaryos kaTolikoba (igi xom saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iyo!) da Tavi gaimarTlos, rom ruseTs eWvic ki ar Seeparos imaSi, rom saqarTvelo ruseTis gverdis av-

liT evropas daukavSirdeba. antonis mcdelobam uqmad

515

ar Caiara. saqarTveloSic politikuri viTarebis Sec-

vlis Semdeg da maSin, rodesac Teimuraz II ukve aRar aris cocxali, erekle II-s kvlav Camohyavs antoni da mas isev ubrunebs kaTalikosis wodebas. ruseTTan urTierTobas saqarTvelos kaTalikosis gakaTolikeba Crdils ver ayenebs~1.

damowmebul citataSi gatarebulia iseTi azri, Ti-

Tqos anton I Teimuraz II-sTan da kaTolikobis sxva

mowinaaRmdegeebTan SeTanxmebuli iyo da ruseTs kidev

erTxel daumtkices erTguleba patriarqis mxilebiT da

yvelam Tavisi roli kargad gaiTamaSa. magram moxmobi-

li dokumenturi da naratiuli wyaroebi naTels xdis,

rom ruseTis xelisuflebam Tavisi agentebis (Tundac

oTar TumaniSvilis moxsenebebiT) da anton I-is weri-

lebiT mSvenivrad icoda ra xdeboda am ukanasknelis

saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. maT icodnen, rom anton I-is

saqme `Sekerili~ iyo politikuri (Teimurazs antoni

savsebiT samarTlianad taxtis potenciur pretendentad

miaCnda) da ara sarwmunoebrivi mizeziT. amitom iyo,

rom saqarTvelos Serisxul kaTalikoss sarwmunoebrivi

TvalsazrisiT ruseTSi problemebi ar Seuqmnes, radgan

sruliad gasagebi iyo is politikuri sarCuli, ris-

Tvisac anton I qveynidan gaaZeves, amitom Caabares mas

vladimiris eparqiis xelmZRvaneloba.

Teimuraz II-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1763 wels

erekle II-m ruseTidan daabruna antoni. saeklesio

krebam is kvlav airCia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqad.

Mmagram erekle mefisa da kaTolikos antonis Seri-

geba da qveynis SeTanxmebulad marTva ruseTSi usiamo-

1 gaCeCilaZe k., erTi furceli sasuliero feodalizmis

istoriidan, gv. 522.

516

vno azrebs warmoSobda. maTTvis Zneli iyo imis daSveba,

rom kaTolikobis braldebiT dasjil da qveynidan gaZe-

vebul kaTalikoss kvlav aRadgendnen da sulierebis

sadaveebs miandobdnen. erekle II-is amgvarma moqmedebam

eWvi gauCina ekaterine II-s. man 1768 wlis 28 noembers

ubrZana sagareo saqmeTa komisias miewodebinaT cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kole-

giis mesveurebma, amis Sesaxeb sakmaod lakonurad

moaxsenes imperatrica ekaterine II-s imave wels. impe-

ratricam Tavis brZanebaSi muxlobrivad Camoayaliba is

sakiTxebi, romlebic mas ainteresebda. erT-erT muxlSi

mas ainteresebda: `ramdenime xnis winaT gavrcelda xma, rom ereklem miiRo kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba, arsebobs raime sarwmuno cnoba?~ _ iTxovda pasuxs imperatrica1.

kolegiam, marTlac, moiZia saintereso masalebi

zogadad saqarTvelos, kerZod ki, erekles da misi Svi-

lebis sarwmuneobrivi orientaciis Sesaxeb.

kolegia dainteresda pirvel rigSi gaerkvia erek-

le mefis Svilebis aRmsarebloba, ramdenad mtkiced id-

gnen isini marTlmadideblobaze. moxsenebaSi aRniSnu-

lia, rom raime informacia kaTolikobisadmi maT damo-

kidebulebis Sesaxeb kolegias ar gaaCnda.

moxsenebis Semdgenlebs erekle mefis mimarT undo-

blobis safuZveli misca misma keTilganwyobam erT

dros xelisuflebisa da eklesiis mier aRmsareblobis

gamo devnili antonisadmi. kolegiisaTvis cnobili iyo,

rom kaTalikosi, romelic erekles naTesavi (Teimuraz

II-is disSvili, erkle II-is mamidaSvili) iyo, amxiles ka-

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi XVIII saukunis meore naxevris ruseT-

saqarTvelo urTierTobis istoriisaTvis, naw. III, nakv. I. ru-

seT-TurqeTis omi 1768-1774 wlebSi da saqarTvelo, Tbilisi,

1988, gv. 288-289.

517

Tolikuri sarwmunoebisadmi loialobaSi. marTalia man

braldeba uaryo, magram iZulebuli gaxda eTxova Tav-

Sesafari ruseTSi. is iq darCa Teimurazis gardacvale-

bamde, Semdeg saqarTveloSi dabrunda da isev aRadgines

patriarqis taxtze. kolegiis azriT antoni saqar-

TveloSi ver dabrundeboda erekles nebarTvis gareSe

da verc patriarqis kaTedras daikavebda. yovelive es

sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaSi eWvs iwvevda, rogorc pira-

dad erekles erTguleba marTlmadideblobisadmi, ise

batoniSvlebis aRmsarebloba. kolegiam ekaterine II-s

moaxsena Semdegi:

`ramdeni vaJi hyavs saqarTvelos Tanamedrove mflobels, erekles berZnul aRmsareblobaSi mtkiced, an sxva aRmsareblobaSi kolegiaSi ar ician.

magram eWvs aCens qvemoT aRniSnuli SemTxveva, romelmac SeiZleba gaaCina kaTolikur aRmsareblobisa-dmi midrekileba. saqarTvelos patriarqi, anu kaTaliko-si antoni axlo naTesavi, diswuli saqarTvelos mflo-belis, Teimurazis, mxilebul iqna romauli aRmsarebl-obis miRebaSi, gadaayenes Tavis Tanamdebobidan, miuxe-davad imisa, rom moinania. xolo, rodesac [ruseTSi] Camovida, ganaweses vladimiris arqiepiskoposad. Aaq darCa mxolod Teimurazis sikvdilamde, Semdeg ki dabrunda saqarTveloSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi gandevnis umTavresi mizezi iyo erekle. arqieli amas ver SeZlebda, Tu ar moipvebda erekles keTilganwyobas. nawilobriv amis gamo Cndeba zogierTi sababi gamoc-

nobil iqnas erekles azrebis cvlileba~1.

1 Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII столетия отно-

сящиеся к Грузии, т. I, с 1768 по 1774 года / Под редакцией А. А.

Цагарели, С. Петербург, 1891, с. 12.

518

***

antoni vladimiris eparqias xelmZRvanelobda 1757-

1762 wlebSi. es periodi man uaRresad nayofierad _

rusuli da laTinuri enebis gasaRrmaveblad da

mecnierebebis Sesaswavlad gamoiyena.

aq gaecno igi Tanadroul evropul saRvTismetyve-

lo, istoriul da sabunebismetyvelo literaturas.

gaamdidra qarTuli mwerloba axali TargmanebiT. mis

ganskuTrebul interess iwvevda saxelmZRvaneloebi, ro-

melTa swavleba aucileblad miaCnda qarTveli axalga-

zrdobis Tvalsawieris gasafarToeblad. antonis mier

ereklesadmi ruseTidan gamogzavnili werilebidan ga-

mosWvivis umaRlesi pasuxismgebloba saeklesio pirisa

sakuTari qveynis momavlis winaSe,

ruseTSi yofnis dros antons ar Seuwyvetia erekl-

esTan mimowera. erekle mefec sistematurad ugzavnida

mas werilebs. 1762 wels Teimuraz II gardaicvala. erek-

lem antoni TavisTan moiwvia. antoni sinodis TanxmobiT

ganTavisuflda vladimiris eparqiidan da miiRo samSob-

loSi dabrunebis ufleba da dabrunda kidec, 1764

wels.

***

anton I-is saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg zaqa-

ria gabaSvilma gaaCaRa brZola mefisa da kaTalikosis

winaaRmdeg. mis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebia erekle II-

is werilSi yizlaris komendantisadmi. erekles werili

daiwera maSin (1767 w. 20 dekemberi), rodesac cnobili

gaxda zaqaria gabaSvilis ruseTSi gaqcevis Sesaxeb. me-

fe erekle wers, rom 1764 wlis 18 oqtombers saeklesio

krebam TbilisSi zaqaria dawyevla da Rirseba ahyara.

zaqaria daapatomres sarwunoebis `garyvnis~ braldebiT.

1767 wels is gaiqca da yizlarSi Cavida. erekle II sTx-

519

ovs yizlaris komendants, rom man ar miiRos zaqaria

`viTarc qristiani~1. mefe erekles werilis miRebisTanave yizlaris

komendantma, generalma potapovma moismina zaqaria gaba-

Svilis saCivari, yizlaris sakrebulo eklesiis dekano-

zis, qarTveli Tarjimanis gabrielis meSveobiT. man

imave dros miiRo anton kaTalikosis werilic, romel-

ic Sedgenili iyo imave welsa da ricxvSi, romliTac

iyo daTariRebuli mefis werili. kaTalikosis adresati

iyo yizlaris sasuliero mmarTveloba. masSi zaqaria

aRniSnavda episkoposebis mier misi dawyevlisa da mzak-

vrobisaTvis mRvdlobidan gadayenebis, anaTemaze gada-

cemis Sesaxeb 1764 4 wlis 18 oqtombers. werilSi xaz-

gasmuli iyo, rom zaqariam Sescoda mefisa da arqimwyem-

sTavrebis winaSe. kaTalikosi iTxovda ar miecaT misT-

vis mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba2. zaqaria gabaSvilma astraxanisa da stavropolis

episkoposs meTodes gaugzavna moxseneba, romelSic aRn-

iSnuli iyo mis mier gadatanili tanjvis Sesaxeb, ro-

melic mas miayena anton pirvelma da mis mier SeTxzul-

ma wignma. zaqarias mxedvelobaSi hqonda antonis Txzu-

leba _ `miwyales anu 50 sinanulisa fsalmunisa Targ-

mani“, romelSic, misi azriT, gamoyenebulia laTinTa da

papis crurwmena da eresi, rom suli wminda gamodis ma-

midan da Svilidan, rom erTiania wminda kaTolikuri

sakrebulo eklesia, igi aris qristes sapatarZlo, rom

aRar arsebobs ierusalimis, konstantinopolis, aleq-

sandriis, konstantinopolis eklesiebi da arsebobs

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi XVIII saukunis meore naxevris ruseT-

saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriisaTvis, naw. III, nakv. I, gv.

256-257. 2 iqve, gv. 257-258.

520

mxolod romis eklesia da sxv. zaqarias braldebebi

mefisa da kaTalikosisadmi Sedgeba 7 muxlisgan1. potapovma 1767 wlis 7 dekembers astraxanis epis-

kopos meTodes mimarTa weriliT, romelSic ekiTxeboda:

rogor mopyroboda zaqaria xucess, xom ar ajobebda

igi gaegzavna astraxanSi raTa episkoposisaTvis pira-

dad mieca axsna-ganmarteba. episkoposma meTodem Tavis

mxriv mimarTa moskovis sinodis kantoras, xolo am

ukanasknelma 1768 wlis 25 ivniss mTeli masala gadug-

zavna sinods peterburgSi. sinodi SeSfoTebuli iyo an-

ton kaTalikosis TxzulebiT da sagareo saqmeTa kole-

gias mimarTa, raTa mas moeTxova erekle mefis axsna-

ganmarteba xucesi zaqarias danaSaulze. amas garda, ep-

iskopos meTodes daevala antonis Txzulebis rusul

enaze Targmna da imis dadgena raSi mdgomareobda ber-

Znul-rusuli eklesiisgan misi gandgoma. meore mxriv,

dakvirvebodnen zaqarias, aris Tu ara igi marTlmor-

wmune da daetovebinaT uflis fericvalebis monasterSi

zedamxedvelobis qveS, raTa ar gaparuliyo. Sesabamisi

brZaneba gaegzavna episkopos meTodes 1768 wlis 14

agvistos.

sagareo saqmeTa kolegiam ver gabeda Careuliyo

saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeebSi da imave wlis 26 dekem-

bers acnoba sinods, rom erekle mefis da kaTalikos

antonis pasuxi miiRo generalma potapovma da ganme-

orebiT moTxovnis gagzavna aramizanSewonilad miiCnia,

miT umetes, rom maT SeiZleba ar upasuxon kolegias2.

1 iqve, gv. 264-269. 2 iqve, gv. 257.

521

***

ruseTidan dabrunebisTanave antoni kvlav didi mon-

domebiT Seudga Sewyvetili saqmis gagrZelebas. upirveles

yovlisa, man gaswia udidesi organizaciuli samuSao _

aRadgina eklesiis darRveuli administracia da dafantuli

qoneba, mkacri kontroli daawesa Sida saeklesio

diciplinaze, ganaaxla stamba, gaxsna saeparqio skolebi da

ori sasuliero seminaria Tbilissa da TelavSi,

Camoayaliba axali saeklesio sasamarTlo _ dikastiria.

anton kaTalikosi iyo mefe erekles uaxloesi Ta-

namzraxveli da uSualod monawileobda erekles po-

litikuri gadawyvetilebebis ganxorcielebaSi. 1771 wlis

bolos, ruseT-TurqeTis omis dros ereklem anton

kaTalikosi da levan batoniSvili peterburgSi gagzavna

diplomatiuri misiiT. elCebs erekle mefis werili

mihqondaT, romelSic erekle, ruseT-TurqeTis mimdinare

omis fonze, konkretul moTxovnebs ayenebda da amave dros

ayalibebda umTavres pirobebs qarTl-kaxeTis samefos

ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Seyvanis SemTxvevisaTvis. am elCobas

saqarTvelosaTvis konkretuli Sedegi ar mohyolia, Tumca

mis mier ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis miwodebuli masala

momavalSi safuZvlad daedo 1783 wlis traqtats. 1774 wels

anton kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi dabrunda.

Tbilisis da Telavis sasuliero seminariebi saxelm-

wifo tipis saswavleblebi iyo, romlebic samefo xazi-

nidan finansdeboda. swavleba agebuli iyo moskovis sla-

vur-berZnul-laTinuri akademiis programiT. aq iswavl-

eboda: gramatika, ritorika, filosofia, RvTismetyveleba.

swalebis procesSi farTod dainerga sqolastikuri

meTodi. antons SeimuSava sami umaRlesi saswavleblis

daarsebis proeqtic Tbilisis, gorisa da TelavisaTvis.

522

kaTolikobisadmi sxvadasxva midgoma qarTl-kaxeTis

samefos saSinao da sagareo politikaSi

XVIII saukunis 50-an wlebSi anton I kaTalikosis

mimarT gatarebuli represiuli RonisZieba iyo erTi

rgoli im antikaTolikuri gamosvlebisa, romlebic

daiwyo 1740-iani wlebidan. 1742 wels somxebma Tbilisi-

dan gandevnes kapucinebi da maTi eklesia da saxli

daisakuTres. TbilisSi kaTolikebis darbevis Sesaxeb

romis pap benediqte XIV-s amaRelvebel ferebSi auwyeb-

da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi niko-

loz X xerxeuliZe (1741-1744): `... rogoraTac uwin, Zveli drodganve, Cveni qveyana Tqven gemorCilebodaT, msgavsadve Cvenc kvalad Tqvenis kurTxevisa da madlis mqadagebelni varT. Tumca ki zogierTma Cvenis saqar-Tvelos patriarqma Tqvendami jerovnad misagebeli mor-Cileba daiviwya, xolo gevedrebi, maT nu damadarebT, radgan morCili da mzad var yvela Tqveni brZaneba aRvasrulo. karga xania, rac Tqveni patri kapucinebi aq Cvens saqarTveloSi iyvnen, mec gansakuTrebuli siyva-ruliT vepyrobodi da maTTvis yoveli sikeTis da bednierebis mopoebas vnatrobdi, metadre am mokle dros sami anu oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, ra Jams miic-

vala domenti1 da mis adgils patriarqis Rirseba me momeca; maSinve Sevudeqi maTTvis yvela sikeTe da bedniereba momepovebina. magram Cemi didi xnis wadilis Sesruleba somxebma ar damacales, radgan isini Cven aRar gvijereben da am qveyanaSi TavianTi nebisaebr ba-tonoben. Tqveni patri kapucinebi daamwyvdies, egodenad hgvemes da daawylules, uaresis qmna aRar SeiZleboda. gaupatiures wmida xatebi da jvrebi Tqveni ekklesiisa,

1 domenti IV kaTalikosi.

523

Semdgom TviT ekklesia da saxlic CamoarTves da TviT miiTvises, kapucinebi am provinciaSi aRar daayenes, aramed uwyalod aqedan gandevnes. am uwyalo devnu-lobaSi ufro didaT samwuxaro CvenTvis is Seiqmna, rom Cuenis TvaliT vnaxeT, rogor daiWires kaTolikebi Tu mamakacebi da Tu dedakacebi, Tu ranairad Seuracx-yves: qoneba sul waarTves da ZaliT kaTolike sarwmu-noebasa da TavianT mSoblebs ganaSores. aw yvela qarT-velni umdablesad gevedrebiT, raTa am provincias Tqve-ni xeli ar aaRoT da ukafucinebod ar dagvtovoT. RvTis siyvarulisaTvis SegvewieT, nu miuSvebT, rom egodeni xalxi warwymdes, nurc CaugdebT Tqvens SeZe-nils ers gacofebul urwmunoebs... sxva danarCen Cvens ambavs mogaxseneben Tqvenive patrebi. kaTalikos-pat-riarqi nikoloz~1.

Tbilisidan gandevnili kapucinebi axalcixeSi mi-

vidnen da iqidan maisSi patri nikola borgoeli romSi

gagzavnes. nikola gzaSi avad gaxda da konstantinopoSi

misulma 1742 wlis martis damlevs romSi werili

gagzavna. is wmida krebis winaSe moxsenebiT gamovida

1743 wlis 23 seqtembers da isaubra kaTolikebis ara-

saxarbielo mdgomareobaze qarTlSi.

patriarq nikolozis werilisgan gansxvavebiT niko-

lo borgoelis mier romSi gagzavnil werilSi naT-

ladaa gadmocemuli kerZod vin aikles aRSfoTebulma

somxebma. nikola wers: `garda amisa, Seubraleblad da uwyalod galaxes yvela somxis kaTolikebi, romelTac moindomes mtkiced darCena wmida kaTolike sarwmunoeb-aSi... es ar akmares, aramed bevris cemis Semdeg aRviare-


gv. 52-53. analogiuri Sinaarsis werilebi gaugzavniaT romSi

amilaxvars da orbelians. iqve, gv. 358-360.

524

bines evtiqes Semcdari sarwmunoeba da awyevlines papi

wmida leon didi... tfilisSi darCen marto qarTveli kaTolikebi, romlebis winaaRmdeg somxebis muxanaTob-rivma sicofem veraferi gaawyo...~1

analogiuri Sinaarsis werilebi romSi gagzavnes

amilaxvarma (savaraudoa, es iyo givi amilaxvari, ro-

melic saTaveSi Caudga yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg ajanye-

bas. ar gamovricxav, rom ajanyebul amilaxvars kapuci-

nebis da maTi mrevlisadmi TanagrZnobis gamocxadebiT

romis mxardaWeris mopoveba undoda) da orbelianma. sa-

mive werilidan yuradRebas ipyrobs somxebis mier kaTo-

likebze SetevisaTvis qarTlis samefoSi politikuri

krizisis periodis SerCeva, kerZod is dro, rodesac ir-

anelebis Zaladobam gamoiwvia seriozuli ajanyeba givi

amilaxvaris meTaurobiT. rogorc werilebi migvaniS-

neben, somxebi iranelebis mxardaWeriT sargeblobdnen.

kaTalikos-patriarqi nikolozi: ìsini [somxebi] axla Cven aRar gvijereben da am qveyanaSi TavianTi nebi-samebr batonoben~2; amilaxvari: `garna am saqarTvelos provinciaSi somxebma gaimarjves~; orbeliani: `1742 w. somxebma Cvens saqarTveloSi marjve dro hpoes da Seisrules boroti wadili~; ès devnuloba marto somxebma astexes~3.

1743 wels kapucinebi, Sahis daxmarebiT, TbilisSi

dabrundnen da TavianTi Senobebic daibrunes4.


gv. 356-357. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

53. 3 iqve, gv. 358-359. 4 iqve, gv. 360.

525

radgan kaTolike mrevls veRar itevda, kapucinma

nikolo jirjenTelma TbilisSi sxva eklesiis ageba

ganizraxa da 1649 wels kidec daasrula. es eklesia,

rogorc m. TamaraSvili aRniSnavda erT-erTi saukeTeso

yofila saqarTveloSi. misi mSenebloba Zviri damjdara

da (4 aTas Tumanze meti), ris gamoc patrs propagandis

daukiTxavad Zveli eklesiis mamulebi gauyidia1

1754 wels somxebma kvlav Seaviwroes kaTolikebi.

mefe Teimurazma brZanebuleba gamosca: `rom amas iqiT aRaravin gakaTolikdes, vinc gakaTolikdes, Tavis sa-kuTar saxlidan gaZevebul iqnas da CamoerTvas yve-laferio~2. imave wels kaTolikeTa winaaRmdeg aqtiuro-

bdnen berZeni berebic, romlebsac zurgs umagrebda

konstantinopolis patriarqi. maTi saqmianobis Sedegad

arseboba Sewyvita raWis misionma. did gaWirvebaSi aR-

moCndnen imereTis samefos sxva adgilebis misio-

nerebic3. Teimuraz II-is brZanebiT, 1755 wels goris

kaTolikeTa eklesia da saxli morwmuneebs CamoerTvaT.

saxli qarTlis arqiepiskoposis gankargulebaSi gadav-

ida4. sainteresoa patri juliano bonaventura tren-

toelis `moxseneba im devnulebisa, romelic 12 dekem-bers 1755 w. saqarTvelos dedaqalaq tfilisSi dauwyes imave samefos misionerebs da kaTolikebs~. Tbilisidan

kaTolikebis gaZevebaSi berZeni samRvdeloeba monawile-

obda. julio bonaventura wers: `konstantinopoleli berZnis monazonebi, romelTagan erTi episkoposi iyo, Turme tfilisis axlos iyvnen farulad. ra wamsac ga-

1 iqve, gv. 363. 2 iqve, gv. 368-369. 3 iqve, gv. 370. 4 Пурцеладзе Д., Грузинские церковные гуджари (грамоты), Тифлис,

1881, c. 51.

526

movediT erTi mxridan, im wamsve Sevidnen qalaqSi meore mxriT, ekklesiaSi sajarod waikiTxes TavianTi pat-riarqis werilebi, daangries mTavari trapezi, Tavian-Teburad ekklesia akurTxes da Caabares erT qarTvel mRvdels, raTa moevlo~. mefem misionerebis qarTl-

kaxeTidan gandevnis brZanebuleba gamosca. imave `moxse-

nebis~ mixedviT, saqarTvelodan gandevnil patr juli-

os mravalgan uCivlia, raTa qarTl-kaxeTis samefo kar-

ze gavlena moexdinaT misionerebis ukan dabrunebisaT-

vis. patrma juliomQmoiara konstantinopoli, vena, ro-

mSi kardinals sTxova, rom nunciebis saSualebiT mie-

marTaT sxvadasxva mTavrobebisaTvis, maT Soris ruse-

Tis imperatorisTvisac, `raTa mefes (Teimuraz II-e.m.) misweros rame kapuCinebis sasargeblod da maT dasa-bruneblad, radgan mefes imperatricas wyaloba Zlier sWiria, maSin uars ver etyviso da xaTrs dasdebso~1.

sainteresoa, rom imave patr julianos mixedviT,

devnil patrebs mravali TanamgrZnobi qarTveli gamouC-

daT: `radgan erekle mefis aseTi usamarTloeba yvela-saTvis cxadi iyo, amitom qarTvelebis mometebuli da sa-ukeTeso nawili berZnis sarwmunoebisa (marTlmadideblebi _ e.m.), gansakuTrebiT monazonebi, episkoposebi da maTi kaTalikosi, cxadad hkicxavden mefis aseT usamarTlo moqcevas; ara marto berZnis monazonebi (qarTvelebi) aramed TviT kaTalikosic da egreTve mefis ufrosi Svilic modiodnen Cven sanaxavad da gvanugeSebden, radgan gvxedavden, Tu ra usamarTlod viyaviT devnulni~2.

antikaTolikuri RonisZiebebis `gvirgvini~ anton I

kaTalikosis gasamarTleba da gandevna iyo. gadaWarbe-


375-376. 2 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, gv. 82-83.

527

bulad meCveneba is mosazreba, TiTqos kaTolikebis da,

kerZod, anton kaTalikosis dasja ruseTis intersebis

gaTvaliswinebiT moxda, ris damadastureblad TiTqos

unda CaiTvalos 1735 w. ruseTis imperiaSi marTlma-

dideblebis kaTolikobaze moqceva rom aikrZala.

amgvarad, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi momxdarma anti-

kaTolikurma gamosvlam, saerTaSoriso skandalis saxe

miiRo, magram evropis mTavrobebi misionerebs ver daex-

marnen. safrangeTis elCi stambolidan iuwyeboda, rom

`saqarTvelos is nawili, saidanac gandevnes kapuCinebi, sulTans ar eqvemdebarebao~. qarTlidan axalcixeSi

Sexiznul kapucinebs mxolod mcireodeni SeRavaTebi mi-

uRiaT1. patrebma iransac mimarTes da Tbilisis eklesiis

dabrunebaSi daxmareba Txoves. maT saWiro brZaneba

Camoitanes kidec (1763 wels), magram qarTvelebma da

somxebma sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwies da iranis mTa-

vrobas arza gaugzavnes, erekle II-m ki kapucinebs upasuxa:

`Tumca Tqveni didi pativiscema maqvs da guliTac minda Tqveni dakmayofileba, magram amnair areul-dareulobis dros, metadre sarwmuinoebis Sesaxeb, ar SemiZlia Tqven dagakmayofiloT da xalxs avukrZalo arzis miwerao; nebas ki gaZlevT, tfilisSi darCeT da ers mouaroTo~2.

kapucinebis mier romSi gagzavnili erT-erTi mox-

senebis mixedviT, mefe erekles maTdami damokidebuleba

Seucvlia da maTi mdgomareobis Sesamsubuqeblad zogi-

erTi RonisZiebac gautarebia. ver vityvi misi mefis po-

ziciis SecvlaSi patrebis mier iranidan Camotanilma we-

rilma Tu sxva ucnobma rame garemoebam imoqmeda. sava-

raudoa, mosaCveneblad, mefem imave wlis 18 ivniss saxa-


gv. 381. 2 iqve.

528

lxo kreba moiwvia, romelzedac `mouwoda episkoposebisa da berebis garda, yvela mowinave qarTvelebs da somxebs. krebis mometebuli nawili winaaRmdegi iyo ekklesiis dab-runebisa, raisgamo ereklem veRar Seasrula Tavisi sur-vili, - aRniSnavda m. TamaraSvili, - kapucinebi darCnen isev TavianT patara ekklesiaSi~. miuxedavad winaaRmdego-bisa mefes kapucinebisaTvis saeklesio saxli da bina

miucia. isini daubrunebia gorSi da saxlic miucia1.

1775 wels erekle II-s braZanebuleba gamoucia: vinc

kaTolikobas miiRebs, jarimad gadaixdis 350 romaul

skudis. xolo `ganidevnos misioneri, romelic kaTolike sarwmunoebas SeuerTebs romelsame somex mwvalebels~2.

1780 wlis 20 ianvars vatikanidan komgregacia pro-

paganda fides mdivnis, monsinior borjasaTvis gagzav-

nil werilSi vkiTxulobT: `miRebulia cnoba, rom mok-

le xanSi romSi Camova... saqarTvelos ufliswuli bagra

gora3, romelic amayobs imiT, rom datova samSoblo,

raTa kaTolikoba SeinarCunos~4.

1 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, gv. 141. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 401. 3 g. merabiSvilis ganmartebiT, es unda iyos bagrat goreli,

muxran batonTa bagrationis Stos erT-erTi warmomadgene-

li. merabiSvili g., vatikanTan erekle II-isa da solomon I-

is urTierTobis istoriidan // evropis qveynebis istoriis

problemebi, III, Tbilisi, 1983, gv. 116. ueWvelia, rom `bagra gora~ aris giorgi XI-is Ze bagrati, romlis Sesaxeb mefe

laparakobs papisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi: `mxolod erTi

pirmSo Svili myavs, saxelad bagrati, romelic aris Cemi umTavresi taxti da gvirgvini, qeba da dideba...~ TamaraSvi-

li m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris, gv. 267.. 4 Archivio della Congregazione di Propaganda Fide, Scritture rifferate nei

congress, Georgia, 1770-1790, vol. 4, fol. 24. 120.

529

1781 wels kaTolikeTa devna daiwyo Tbilissa da

gorSi. antikaTolikur RonisZiebebs piradad mefe xel-

mZRvanelobda1. 1782 w. ianvarSi somxebis mier Seviwroe-

bam iseTi mkacri xasiaTi miiRo, rom sisxlisRvrac mox-

da. kaTolikeTa erTi nawili iZulebuli gaxda gaxiznu-

liyo. zogi saCivlelad ereklesTan wavida. mefes

`kaTolikebis sasargeblo~ brZanebuleba gamoucia2.

savaraudoa, mefe erekles mier kaTolikebis mdgo-

mareobis Semsubuqeba mxolod politikuri mosazrebiT

iyo nakarnaxevi

kaTolikeTa devnis magaliTebi zogierT eWvs ba-

debs. kerZod, Tu kaTolikeni ise mravalni iyvnen, ro-

gorc CvenTvis cnobil masalebSia gadmocemuli da maT

Soris maRali mdgomareobis sasuliero da saero pi-

rebi da TviT mefeebic ki iyvnen, maSin rogor xdeboda

somxebis mier kaTolikeTa rbeva, Tundac eseni, dar-

beulni, eTnikuri somxebi yofiliyvnen3. an qarTveli

kaTolike mrevli ratom ar gamodioda erTmorwmuneTa

(kaTolikeTa) mxardasaWerad? pasuxi, albaT, erTia:

saqarTvelos yvela samefo-samTavroSi xelisuflebis,

feodaluri aristokratiis damokidebuleba kaToli-

keTa, maT Soris misionerTa mimarTac, iyo pragmatuli,

ganpirobebuli politikuri miznebiTa da viTarebiT,

agreTve TviT misionerebis piradi TvisebebiTa da xelo-

biT. amitom erTxel kidev unda gavimeoro: relaciebisa da oficialuri werilebis cnobebi ar asaxavda realur


gv. 390-391. xazgasma Cemia. 2 iqve, gv. 400. 3 somxebis kaTolikebTan dapirispirebis ekonomikur safuZ-

velze ix. guguSvili p., saqarvelos da amierkavkasiis ekono-

mikuri ganviTareba XIX-XX ss. t. VII, Tbilisi, 1984, 226-231.

530

mdgomareobas. mdgomareobis analizis saSualebas m. TamaraSvilis mier gamoqveynebuli masalebic iZleva, magram TviT mkvlevari maT sxva axsnas uZebnis.

1782 wlis 10 ianvars kapucini forTunaTo romSi

acnobebda, rom eCmiaZinis somex patriarqs erekle-

saTvis SeuTavazebia: saqarTvelodan kapucinebi gandevne

da, samagierod, erT karg eqims evropidan Cemi xarjiT

Camogiyvano. rogorc Cans, mefesa da patriarqs Soris

SeTaxneba Sedga. patriarqs danapirebi Seusrulebia1.

albaT, dasaxelebuli faqti hqonda mxedvelobaSi

kapucin andrias, rodesac werda (1790 w.), rom, rodesac

somxebma erekles kapucinebis gandevna iTxoves da Svi-

dasi Tumani SesTavazes. mefes upasuxia: ~me da Cemi

saxloba ueqimod ver davrCebiTo~. somxebi mefes evro-

peli eqimis Camoyvanas dahpirdnen TavianTi xarjiT da

marTlac, konstantinopolidan Camoiyvanes frangi mkur-

nali, romelic iseTi ver gamodga, rogoric mefe ere-

kles undoda2.

***

kaTolikobisadmi damokidebulebis namdvili arsi

naTlad gamoCnda Teimuraz II-isa da, gansakuTrebiT,

erekle II-is saSinao da sagareo politikaSi. mefeebi

iTvaliswinebdnen dasavleTi evropis, ruseTis, osmale-

Tis, iranis interesebs kavkasiasa da axlo aRmosav-

leTSi da cdilobdnen kaTolikebis da misionerebis

saqarTveloSi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis sakiTxi, gark-

veuli gagebiT, gadaeqciaT dasaxelebul qveynebTan

urTierTobis erT-erT pirobad. ukve iTqva, rom musli-


gv. 399-400. 2 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, gv. 80.

531

mani mezoblebisagan TavdacvisaTvis mokavSiris maZie-

beli qarTveli politikosebi romsa da dasavleTis sax-

elmwifoebis dedaqalaqebSi saqarTveloTi dainterese-

bas mxolod kaTolikobis gavrcelebis survilTan

dakavSirebaSi xedavdnen. gansxvavebuli iyo qarTuli da

dasavleTevropuli politika iranisa da osmaleTis

mimarT. dasavleT evropaSi irans ganixilavdnen, ro-

gorc osmaleTis mudmiv mowinaaRmdeges da aRmosav-

leTSi mis Semakavebel Zalas. amis gamo iranTan brZo-

laSi iq mokavSires ver moipovebdnen. rac Seexeba osma-

leTs, mis winaaRmdegac mokavSiris gamonaxva dasav-

leTSi praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iyo. safrangeTis mier

gatarebuli tradiciuli proosmaluri politika evro-

pis kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebis saqarTvelos gamo,

osmaleTTan SeiaraRebuli dapirispirebis araviTar

Sanss ar stovebda. imave dros safrangeTi iranTan

kargi urTierTobis damyarebas cdilobda. miuxedavad

aRniSulisa, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo, sxvadasaxva mosaz-

rebiT, evropasTan kontaqtebis SenarCunebas da am miz-

niT misionerebis gamoyenebas fiqrobda.

qarTveli politikuri elitis kaTolike misione-

rebisadmi zemoaRwerili politika (xan simkacre da xan

dayvaveba), rac XVIII saukuneSi gamokveTilad Cans, iyo

rusi politikosebis gaRizianebisTvisac, raTa isini ga-

aqtiurebuliyvnen saqarTvelosTan urTierTobaSi.

XVII saukunis dasawyisidan qarTl-kaxeTis samefos

sakmaod aqtiuri diplomatiuri urTierToba hqonda ru-

seTTan, rasac Teimurazis ruseTSi gamgzavreba mohyva

1760 wels. Teimurazs undoda iranis winaaRmdeg sabr-

Zolvelad jari an mis dasaqiraveblad sesxi mieRo. man

warmatebas ver miaRwia, magram ruseTTan urTierToba

kvlav grZeldeboda, gansakuTrebiT ruseT-TurqeTis om-

is msvlelobisas. ruseTi cdilobda qarTuli samefoebi

532

da, saerTod, marTlmadidebeli qveynebi Caeba osma-

leTis winaaRmdeg omSi. omSi Cabmas qarTvelebic fi-

qrobdnen Tu ruseTi jariTa da SeiaraRebiT daexmare-

boda maT qveyanas. 1773 wlis 24 aprils erekle II-is el-

Cebma peterburgSi sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis xelmZRvan-

els warudgines moxsenebiTi baraTi da TavianTi mefis

werili ekaterine II-isadmi. qarTl-kaxeTis samefo mfar-

velobas Txovda ruseTis xelmwifes. mfarveloba, erek-

les gagebiT, unda gamoxatuliyo aRmosavleT saqarT-

velos samxedro potencialis amaRlebaSi, raTa mas

mtrebisagan ara mxolod Tavdacva SesZleboda, aramed

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenac, rog-

orc samxreTiT, ise aRmosavleTiT dakargili miwebis

SemoerTebiT. ruseTis mTavrobam erekle mefis Txovna

ar gaiziara, radgan omi TurqeTTan mTavrdeboda da

saqarTvelos TurqeTis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebis sakiTxi

aqtualurobas kargavda. rogorc cnobilia, erekles

mcdelobam, Tavisi samefos resursebiT Seeqmna regu-

laruli an Tundac `morigi~ jari, marcxi ganicada. is

1782 welsac Txovda ruseTs, mudmivad Caeyenebina aRmo-

savleT saqarTveloSi ori polki mainc, romelsac

ruseTi miscemda jamagirs, qarTvelebi ki, sursaTiT

moamaragebdnen1. ereklem verc am Txovnaze miiRo dade-

biTi pasuxi.

aseT kritikul viTarebaSi, qarTl-kaxeTis xeli-

suflebam ganizraxa kaTolikeTa da misionerTa koziri

gamoeyenebina dasavleTTan da ruseTTan molaparakebe-

bisas, kerZod, qveynis SigniT kaTolikebze zewoliT,

maTTvis cxovrebisa da saqmianobisaTvis araxelsayreli

pirobebis SeqmniT, romi da kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi

iZulebuli gaexada, jerovani yuradReba mieqcia qarTl-

1 cincaZe i., ramdenime axali cnoba..., gv. 60-61, 85, 98.

533

kaxeTis samefos mdgomareobisa da misi interesebisaT-

vis.

imave dros, garkveuli mniSvneloba eqneboda aRniS-

nul sakiTxs, ruseTTan urTierTobis drosac. erekle-

saTvis saintereso iqneboda marTlmadidebeli ruseTis

reaqcia qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi kaTolikebisadmi dade-

biTi an uryofiTi mopyrobisadmi. ufro metic, saqarT-

veloSi kaTolikebis mdgomareobisadmi interesi iranma

da osmaleTmac ki gamoamJRavna.

1763 wels erekle II-s kapucinebisaTvis uTqvams:

avstriis an ruseTis imperatoris Txovna CamomitaneT

raTa eklesiebi dagibrunoTo. àseTi werili rom meqmne-ba, ekklesiasac dagibrunebT da xalxsac gavaCuneb am werili ZaliTo~1.

patri mavro 1781 w. 14 marts romSi acnobebda, rom

erekle II-m patr dominikes ubrZana, `raTa pirvelad mivides roms da mogarTvas es Cemi werili, radgan mec mibrZana TqvenTvis meTxova, raTa es patri miiRoT, vi-Tarca misgan warmogzavnili piri Tqvendami Tavis erT-gulebisa da pativis gamosacxadeblad da amavenairad waradginoT igi maTi imperatorobis winaSe, raTa SeiZ-los mis sxvadasxva saWiro saqmeTaTvis molaparakeba... es mTavari (erekle II-e.m.)... pirobas iZleva mtkiced da marTlis guliT mudam daifaros aq kaTolikoba uke-Tesad da miagos yovelgvari samsaxuri, raodenadac ki SeiZlebs...~2

1783 wels, rodesac kapucinebis patrma kvlav mi-

marTa erekle mefes Cveni nadgomi saxli ingreva da

sxva saxli mogvecio, mefe sajarod dapirda, dagibru-

1 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, gv. 142. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 398-399.

534

nebTo. Semdeg ki saidumlod uTxra: mwadia Tqveni ek-

lesiebi mogceT, magram Tavadebi da sasuliero pirebis

merideba. amitom romelime umaRlesi piris Txovna

momitaneo1. mefe, ra Tqma unda, evropis mefeebs gulis-

xmobda.

radgan romsa da avstriaSi gagzavnil werilebze

pasuxi ver miiRo, erekle mefem patr mavros daavala

moskovze gavliT venaSi wasuliyo da waeRo avstriis

imperatoris, romis papis, safrangeTis, sardiniis, neapo-

lis mefeebisaTvis da veneciis respublikisaTvis Sedge-

nili werilebi. erekle maTgan moiTxovda mezobeli

muslimanuri qveynebis winaaRmdeg daxmarebas, sanacv-

lod ki CamorTmeuli kaTolikuri eklesiebis dabrune-

bas hpirdeboda2.

patri andria 1782 w. 14 noembers roms atyobinebda,

rom erekle mefem `daiwyo omi osmaleTTan. amitom Txoulobs or jaris gunds imperatorisagan da or jaris gunds safrangeTisagan, xolo TiTo gunds sar-diniisa, neapolisa da veneciisagan, Tu ara da jaris magivrad fulis gamogzavnas, rac ufro ujobsT... TviTonac mzad aris Seusrulos im mTavrebis yvela piroba Tu iranis dasapyrobad da Tu osmaleTis winaaRmdeg dasaxmareblad mTelis Tavisis ZaliTa. Suamdgomlobas Txovs paps (evropis _ e.m.) mTavarTa winaSe; TviTonac mzad aris Seusrulos im mTavrebs yoveli piroba Tu iranis dasapyroblad da Tu osma-leTis winaaRmdeg dasaxmareblad mTeli Tavis ZaliTa.

xolo ekklesiis mocemis werilSi gvpirdeba, momi-xerxeT evropis mTavrobaT davuaxlovde da dagibru-

1 TamaraSvili m., pasuxad somxis mwerlebs, gv. 142. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 400.

535

nebT ekklesiebs, CamorTmeul saxlebs, patrebs da kaTo-likebs mfarvelobas aRmouCeno: gvpirdeba, agreTve Tfi-lisSi, mudam Tavis xarjiT Seinaxos eqvsi patri... me darwmunebuli var, rom Tu yvelas ar aasrulebs, ekle-siebs mainc mogvcems, oRond ki Tavis werilebiT moi-povos ram Semweoba, Tundac mciredi~1.

patri mavros mier dasavleT evropaSi waRebuli

werilebidan mxolod oria moRweuli, orive veneciaSi

gagzavnili, orive 1782 wlis 18 oqtombrisa. pirvelSi

mxolod zogadi frazebiT gamoTqmulia bodiSi imis

gamo, rom saerTo qristianuli interesebisaTvis qar-

Tl-kaxeTis mefe awuxebs `didsa veneciis qalaqsa Soris SemZlebelTa SekrebulTa~. erekle iTxovda patr mav-

ros mousminon da saTxovari ausrulon.

meore werilSi ki erekle mefe veneciis mTavrobas

konkretul moTxovnas uyenebda: `Cveni saTxovris hazri es aris, rom erTis polkis jaris jamagiri gveboZos, rom kaci Cven viSovoT da im jamagiriT is jari ga-vawyoT evropis rigze, rom mteri am jaris rigis sabo-looT rom scnobs, veras dros Cvens mtrobas veRar gabedavs~2. aseTive Sinaarsisa yofila erekles werili

safrangeTis mefe lui XVI-isadmi, daTariRebuli aseve

18 oqtombriT3.

1784 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis mTavrobis davaleb-

iT saqarTveloSi Camovida saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris

gaformebuli georgievsks traqtatis erT-erTi Semoqme-

di pavle potiomkini, romelic mefe erekles estumra.


gv. 401. 2 TamaraSvili m., istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa Soris,

gv. 402-403. 3 saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 685.

536

gavixsenoT, rom am dros, iakob rainegsis Suamav-

lobiT ukve mimdinareobda molaparakeba qarTl-kaxeTis

samefos ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb. rai-

negsi 1782 wels meored movida saqarTveloSi. aseT

dros, dasavleT evropaSi mimaval, erekle II-is werile-

biT aRWurvil patrs, ruseTze rom unda gaevlo, raTa

ruseTis mTavrobaze STabeWdileba moexdina da is iZu-

lebuli gaexada gadamwyveti nabijebi gadaedga saqarT-

velosTan mimarTebaSi. ufro metic, ereklem werili

gaugzavna ruseTis mTavrobas da gaagebina, rom avst-

riis imperatorTan dakavSirebis survili hqonda1. amg-

varma diplomatiurma manevrma, ramdenad Seasrula saqa-

rTvelos sasikeTod movlenebis damaCqareblis roli

amis Tqma cnobili masalebiT SeuZlebelia. magram faq-

tia, rom ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos kontaqti

ruseTis mokavSire avstriasTanac ki, Tavis kavkasiuri

politikisaTvis miuReblad CaTvala2. isic unda iTqvas,

rom ruseTis mTavrobam qarTl-kaxeTis mefis avstria-

sTan dakavSirebis cdebi kaTolike misionerebis oine-

bad gamoacxada3, rac simarTlesTan axlos iyo.

ukve iTqva, rom Seviwroebulma misionerebma ara-

erTxel scades saqarTveloSi TavianTi arasaxarbielo

mdgomareobisaTvis kaTolikuri qveynebis yuradReba mie-

pyroT. es undoda Teimuraz II-s da erekle II-sac. maTi

varaudiT, saqarTveloSi misionerebisa da kaTolike

mrevlis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebiT dainteresebuli

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII

столетия, т. 2, вып. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 1902, c. 26. 2 cincaZe i., ramdenime axali cnoba qarTlis me-18 saukunis

istoriisaTvis, gv. 90, 103. 3 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII

столетия, I, c. 31.

537

papis kuriis waqezebiT kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi mo-

laparakebas gamarTavdnen qarTvel mefesTan. rodesac

es varaudi ar gamarTlda, maSin ereklem TviTon scada

maTTan uSualod dakavSireba. misi werilebi ultima-

turi xasiaTisa iyo. Tu kaTolikuri saxelmwifoebi,

romlebsac ereklem mimarTa, qarTl-kaxeTis samefos ja-

riT an jaris Sesanaxi fuliT daexmarebodnen, maSin

misionerebi da maTi kaTolike mrevli daibrunebda da-

kargul qonebas da uflebrivadac samefos marTlma-

dideblebs gauTanabrdebodnen. rodesac erekle II am

nabijs dgamda, Tan ruseTisaken iyureboda. misi varaudi

gamarTlda. safuZveli gvaqvs vTqvaT, rom erekles weri-

lebmac, garkveuli gagebiT, daaCqara ruseTis mier

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Tavis mfarvelobaSi Seyvana.

amgvarad, XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi saqarTvelos mes-

veurebs kaTolikobis mniSvneloba qveynisaTvis ise es-

modaT, rogorc zemoT aRvwere da amitomac am konfe-

siis mimarT maTi politika sxva marTlmadidebeli qvey-

nebis politikisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli iyo.

538

saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis

zogadi daxasiaTeba

saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis pirveli periodi moicavs sakmaod xangrZliv istoriul periods saqarT-

veloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxade-

bidan (IV s. 20-iani wlebis Sua xanebi) saeklesio ganxe-

Tqilebamde (1054 w.). am saintereso periodis amsaxveli

saistori wyaroebi uaRresad mcirea, magram isini mainc

saSualebas gvaZleven vTqvaT, rom qarTul-romaul ek-

lesiebs Soris urTierTobis raime gansakuTrebul niSa-

ni ar Cans. qarTuli eklesia ibrZvis TviTdamkvidrebi-

saTvis, cdilobs warmoaCinos da daicvas Tavisi erTgu-

leba da siwminde qristianuli idealebisa da saekle-

sio ritualisadmi, iyves obieqturi Semfasebeli aRmo-

savleTis eklesiebSi arsebuli viTarebisa da warmoaCi-

nos Tavisi upiratesoba bizantiis imperiaSi arsebuli

sxva eklesiebis mimarT. ar Cans aRmosavluri marTl-

madideblobisagan gandgomis survili; ar Cans, rom

qarTuli eklesia aRiarebda romis eklesiaSi damkvidre-

bul filioque-s, romis papis RvTis moadgileobas dedami-

waze da mis ucodvelobas, an imas, rom qarTuli ekle-

sia romis eklesiisadmi morCilebs. qarTuli eklesia

mxolod xazs usvamda Tavis damoukideblobas, rasac

pirvel rigSi romisa da bizantiis eklesiebis paeqro-

bisa da dapirispirebis dros orive eklesiaSi arsebuli

viTarebis obieqturi SefasebiT gamoxatavda.

meore periodi (XII_XIV ss) _ es aris qarTuli sax-

elmwifos (XIII s. meore naxevari _ XIV a. pirveli naxe-

vari _ aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos same-

foebi) SedarebiTi stabilurobisa da samxedro Zlie-

rebis xana, rodesac dasavleTi, upiratesad papis kuria,

saqarTvelos miiCnevs, rogorc potenciur mokavSires

539

islamis qveynebTan Tavisi problemebis mogvarebis saq-

meSi. qarTuli saxelmwifo XI saukunis dasasrulidan

yovelTvis mzadyofnas acxadebda dasavleTis kaToli-

kur saxelmwifoebTan erTad monawileoba mieRo saerTo

qristianuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi. qarTvelebi da

jvarosani raindebi, sruliad gansxvavebuli interese-

bis miuxedavad, obieqturad erTmaneTis mokavSireni iy-

vnen. oriveni muslimanebs ebrZodnen. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, daujerebelia, rom jvarosanTa laSqrobe-

bis sulis Camdgmeli, romis papi laSqrobebis dasaw-

yisSi Tu ara, pirveli laSqrobis dasrulebis Semdeg

mainc ar dakavSireboda saqarTvelos mefes da qriasti-

anuli samyarosaTvis udidesi mniSvnelobis am Ronis-

ZiebaSi Tavisi wvlilis Setana ar eTxova, miT umetes

mas Semdeg, rodesac cnobili gaxda muslimanTa winaaR-

mdeg qarTvelebis sastiki brZolebis Sesaxeb.

sainteresoa isic, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis mTeli

rigi samxedro RonisZiebebi selCukTa winaaRmdeg `sa-

eWvod~ emTxveoda, drois TvalsazrisiT, selCukTa sam-

xedro kampaniebs jvarosanTa samefo-samTavroebis winaa-

Rmdeg, rac safiqrebels xdis qarTvelebsa da evropel

raindebs Soris koordinaciis arsebobas.

ierusalimSi qarTvelTa gavlena da am qalaqTan

dakavSirebuli evropis qveynebisaTvis saqarTvelos sam-

xedro Zalis mniSvneloba reliefurad gamoCnda mxo-

lod mexuTe jvarosnuli laSqrobis dros. amis Semdeg

saxezea papi inokenti III-is, honorius III-is, gregorius

IX-is, inokenti IV-is, nikoloz IV-is, ioane XXII-is,

klimenti V-is kontaqtebi saqarTvelos mefeebTan. papis

saxelmwifos yuradRebis da mudmivi kavSiris SenarCu-

nebis surviliT unda aixsnas 1233 wels franciskan-

540

elebis da 1240 wels dominikanelTa misiebis daarseba

saqarTveloSi1.

saqarTvelo-romis urTierTobis meore periodis

damaxasiTeblia saqarTvelos saero da sasuliero

xelisufalTa mier romis papisadmi, rogorc kaToli-

kuri samyaros sulieri liderisadmi pativiscema da

mokrZaleba, amiT gamoxaton TavianTi pativiscema dasav-

luri faseulobebisadmi. kaTolikur dasavleTs isini

miiCneven potenciur mokavSired TavianTi agresiuli

muslimanuri mezoblebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. amis

gamo, miuxedavad imisa, rom papebi cdiloben qarTve-

lebs daumtkicon romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis upira-

tesoba da papis, rogorc amqveynad uflis moadgilis

aRiarebisaken mouwodeben, qarTvelebi Tavs arideben

romis eklesiis kritikas da cdiloben delikaturad

airidon am sakiTxze msjeloba.

mesame periodi. am periodSi naTlad gamoCnda saq-

arTvelo-romis interesTa sxvadasxvaoba. saqarTvelos

samefo kars romis saSualebiT surda dasavleTSi sam-

xedro-politikuri mokavSire SeeZina, magram am miznis

ganxorcielebisas qarTveli politikosebisa da diplo-

matebis umTavresi sazrunavi qarTuli eklesiis damou-

kideblobisa da TviTmyofadobis xeluxleblad Senar-

Cuneba iyo. romSi esmodaT qarTveli saxelmwifo moRva-

weebis sagareo-politikuri kursi da amitomac samxed-

ro-politikuri daxmarebis wina pirobad samefo xeli-

suflebisa da eklesiisagan kaTolikobisa da papis uze-

naesobis aRiarebas moiTxovdnen.

1 am droidan Cans misionerebis daintereseba qarTuli enis

Seswavlisadmi, rac, maTi azriT, am dabrkolebis gadalax-

vis Semdeg maT moRvaweobis Seuferxeblad ganxorcielebis

SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT.

541

qarTuli eklesiisa da romis uTanxmoeba reliefu-

rad gamoCnda ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebaze.

saqarTvelos warmomadgenelma papTan audenciis dros

scada misTvis daemtkicebina qarTuli eklesiis erT-

guleba ieso qristes mcnebebisa da mociqulTa tradi-

ciebisadmi, gansxvavebiT romis eklesiisagan, romelmac

Tavisi religiuri novaciebiT yovelgvari zomiereba

daarRvia. isev papzea damokidebuli moxdeba Tu ara ek-

lesiebis daaxloeba da papis avtoritetis aRiareba.

qarTveli delegatis pasuxi, faqtiurad, asaxavda, mar-

TlmadidebelTa umravlesobis Sexedulebas romis ek-

lesiis Sesaxeb, rac maT axdilad ver ganacxades da

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlisagan gansxvavebiT mainc xe-

li moaweres uniis aqts.

papebi ar kargavdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebl-

ur eklesiaze romis gavlenis gavrcelebis imeds. am po-

litikis ganxorcielebis xelsayreli pirobebi gamoCnda

XV s. 50-70-ian wlebSi antiosmaluri koaliciaSi saqar-

Tvelos samefo-samTavroebis SeyvaniT. am saqmeSi mTava-

ri roli cnobil diplomats ludoviko boloniels un-

da eTamaSa, magram am wamowyebam marcxi ganicada.

mTeli XVI saukunis ganmavlobaSi susti iyo sa-

qarTvelos urTierToba romTan. amis mizezi gaxda

garTulebuli saerTaSoriso da saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li arastabiluri viTareba. amjeradac saxezea mxolod

romis survili saqarTvelo moeqces romis orbitaSi.

meoTxe periodi. uaRresad rTuli da sabedisweroa

XVII-XVIII saukuneebi qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. am

dros gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga rwmenis sakiTxi

– gadarCena mama-papaTa mier Tavganwiruli brZoliT mo-

tanili qarTuli marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa,

romlis konkurentebad TviT saqarTveloSi gamodioda

romis kaTolikoba, berZnuli marTlmadidebloba, som-

542

xuri grigorianoba da islami. TiToeul maTgans zurgs

umagrebda mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da politikuri

Zala. maTTan dasapirispireblad saWiro iyo mTeli eris

sulieri da inteleqtualuri energiis mobilizeba da

didi diplomatiuri niWi. mxolod am suliskveTebidan

gamomdinare da, arawminda sulieri moTxovniT, gvian

Sua saukuneebSi kaTolikobaze `gadavida~ randenime

cnobili qarTveli politikuri da saeklesio moRvawe.

am periodSi xdeba kaTolikuri propagandis gaZli-

ereba saqarTveloSi, TiTqmis ganuwyvetliv modiodnen

romis warmomadgenelebi _ sxvadasxva kaTolikuri or-

denis misionerebi. isini modiodnen maSin, rodesac sa-

qarTvelo TiTqmis sruliad izolirebuli iyo dasa-

vleTis qristianuli qveynebisagan. misionerebi emsaxu-

rebodnen erT umTavres mizans – kaTolikobis gavr-

celebas isini sakmaod momzadebuli modiodnen aRmo-

savleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSi, moxer-

xebulad sargeblobdnen mosaxleobis gaWirvebiT da

cdilobdnen maTi keTilganwyobis mopovebas, rasac,

maTi azriT, kaTolikobis zeimi unda mohyoloda.

dokumenturi da naratiuli wyaroebiT Tu vimsje-

lebT, qarTveli marTlmadideblebi kaTolike misione-

rebis saqmianobisadmi Semwynareblobas amJRavnebdnen im-

denad, ramdenadac maspinZels Seefereboda stumris mi-

marT. mowinave adamianebs, gansakuTrebiT ki politiko-

sebs, kargad esmodaT, rom kaTolike misionerebis zu-

rgs ukan idga dasavleT evropis erT-erTi udidesi po-

litikuri gavlenis mqone romis papi, romlis sityvas

mniSvneloba hqonda im qveynebis aRmosavlur politi-

kaSi, romelTagan samxedro, politikur da finansur

daxmarebis miRebaze ocnebobdnen saqarTveloSi. qarTve-

lTa aseTi ganwyobileba da maTi kaTolikuri ritua-

lisa da eklesiis mowyobisadmi bunebrivi interesi,

543

patrebs TiTqosda qveynis yvela sazogadoebrivi fenisa

da TviT saeklesio pirebis kaTolikobze moqcevis ilu-

zias uqmnida (unda gavixsenoT, rom misionerTa aseT

suliskveTebas ar iziarebdnen romSi). patrebis aseTi

suliskveTebiTaa ganmaWvaluli romSi gagzavnili re-

laciebi, romlebSic xan gulwrfeli rwmeniT, xan ki

TvalSisacemi Segnebuli gazviadebiT gacxadebulia,

TiTqos sul male da advilad kaTolikobs aRiarebda

mefe da misi kari, Tavadaznauroba da maTi msaxurni,

glexebi da moqalaqeni. magram, rodesac am imedebis

gamarTleba ar xdeboda, zogierTi calkeuli SemTxve-

vis garda, isini mizezs TavianT SecdomebSi eZebdnen,

TiTqos TviTon aklebdnen mcdelobas, romidan ar iyo

jerovani daxmareba da sxv.

misionerebis mier romSi araswori informaciis

gagzavna ganpirobebuli iyo ramdenime garemoebiT: 1)

misionerebs unda gaemarTlebinaT saqarTveloSi, romi-

dan sakmaod Sors mdebare qveyanaSi, TavianTi xangrZ-

livi yofna da miRwevaTa gazviadebiT eCvenebinaT gawe-

uli xarjebis azrianoba. 2) saqarTveloSi warmatebuli

saqmianoba maTTvis, zogjer, karieris maRal safexurze

gadaadgilebis saSualeba iyo. 3) savaraudoa, central-

ur da adgilobriv xelisufalTa zegavlena misionereb-

ze. maT TavianT werilebsa da moxsenebebSi iseTi sura-

Ti unda daexataT, romelSic mefe, didebulebi da mo-

saxleobis ZiriTadi masa gamoyvanili iqnebodnen kaTo-

likobisadmi keTilganwyobilad. 4) samagierod, qarTve-

lebi papTan da romis maRal sasuliero pirebTan gag-

zavnil werilebSi misionerebs yovelTvis dadebiTad

axasiaTebdnen. 5) misionerTa saqmianobisadmi mosaxleob-

is farTo masa Semwynareblobas amJRavnebda manamde,

vidre marTlmadideblobas raime seriozuli safrTxe

daemuqreboda. Tu es moxdeboda, maSin ki samefo xelis-

544

ufleba, marTlmadidebluri eklesia da mosaxleoba

dauyovnebliv amJRavnebda Tavis namdvil damokide-

bulebas ucxo konfesiisadmi. aseTi magaliTebi sakmaod

aris XVII-XVIII saukuneebidan.

kaTolikeTa mdgomareoba saqarTvelos yvela same-

fo-samTavroSi uaRresad myife iyo. maTi keTildReoba

an piriqiT, yovelTvis mefis, mTavris an romelime dide-

bulis ganwyobilebaze iyo damokidebuli. amis maCvenebe-

lia saqarTveloSi misionerTa moRvaweobis amsaxveli

werilobiTi cnobebi. marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis ka-

TolikeTa mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, zogjer,

saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli berZnebisa da somxebis

interesebisaTvis angariSis gaweviTac iyo ganpirobebe-

uli.

XVIII-XIX s. pirveli naxevris dokumentur da nara-

tiul wyaroebis Seswavlam im daskvnamde mimiyvana, rom

saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebamde, saqarTveloSi iS-

viaTad iyvnen eTnikuri qarTveli kaTolikeni. isini

sxvadasxva dros Semovidnen osmaleTis mier dapyro-

bili samxreT saqarTvelodan da iranidan. migrantTa

ZiriTad masas Seadgendnen eTnikuri somxebi. maTTan

erTad iyvnen gasomxebuli qarTvelebic.

XVII saukuneSi marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebisa da

laTinebis winaaRmdegobis erTi mniSvnelovani mizezic

arsebobda: ierusalimSi qarTvelebs TavianTi mravali

eklesia-monastris, gansakuTrebiT ki golgoTis Senar-

CunebisaTvis, brZola uxdebodaT frankebTan anu laTi-

nebTan.

seriozuli antikaTolikuri ganwyobilebis mniSvne-

lovani gamoxatuleba iyo sulxan-saba orbelianisa da

anton I kaTalikosisadmi mopyroba qarTlis samefoSi

XVIII s. pirvel naxevarSi.

545

rwmenis sakiTxSi orgvari standarti saSinao da

sagareo politikisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT naTlad ga-

moCnda qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebis Teimuraz II-isa da

erekle II-is mefobaSi. isini, qveynis SigniT marTl-

madideblobis Tavgamodebuli damcvelni, dasavleT ev-

ropasTan urTierTobis dros Tavs aCvenebdnen kaToli-

kobisadmi loialurad ganwyobilad.

ganxiluli masalebi uflebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom

qarTveli politikosebis romTan urTierTobas politi-

kuri interesebi gansazRvravda. qarTuli mxare mzad iyo

eRiarebina romis papis tradiciuli, sqizmamdeli avtori-

teti (saqarTveloSi aseve pativs miagebdnen sxva sapa-

triarqoebis meTaurebs), es misTvis sadao ar iyo. `magram

erTia tradiciiT mimdinare aRiareba romis episkoposisa,

rogorc pirvelisa TanasworTa Soris da sxva aris

misdami daqvemdebareba. istoriulad da tradiciulad,

avtokefaluri principebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos ek-

lesia bizantiis imperiis Zlierebis xanaSi arc imperiis

centrs _ konstantinopolis eklesias da, arc sxva ro-

melime sapatriarqos ar daqvemdebarebia, miT umetes roms~.

saqarTvelos yvela samefo-samTavroSi xelisufle-

bis, feodaluri aristokratiis damokidebuleba kaTo-

likeTa, maT Soris misionerTa mimarTac, iyo prag-

matuli, ganpirobebuli politikuri miznebiTa da vi-

TarebiT, agreTve TviT misionerebis piradi TvisebebiTa

da saqmianobiT. amitom erTxel kidev unda gavimeoro:

relaciebisa da oficialuri werilebis cnobebi ar as-axavda realur mdgomareobas.

dasasruls aucileblad unda iTqvas: saqarTvelo-

Si misionerebis moRvaweoba da, saerTod, romTan urTi-

erToba, am ukanasknelis mcdeloba saqarTveloSi gaevr-

celebina kaTolikobi, qarTul istoriografiaSi warmo-

dgenilia rogorc sasurveli, progresuli procesi da,

546

TiTqos es iyo qveynis gadarCenis umniSvnelovanesi

piroba. aseT Tvalsazriss ewinaaRmdegeba cnobili we-

rilobiTi wyaroebi, rogorc dokumenturi, ise _ nara-

tiuli, Tuki maT kritikulad gavaanalizebT. da Tu Cven

ase moviqceviT, maSin naTeli gaxdeba, rom, marTalia

qarTveloba yovelTvis miiltvoda romisaken da misi sa-xiT ganaTlebuli da ganviTarebuli evropisaken, magram im pirobiT, rom mas unda SeenarCunebinaqveynisTvis TviTmyofadoba. es iyo qarTuli diplomatiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sazrunavi mravali saukunis manZilze.

saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis evropis saxelmwi-

foebTan urTierTobis, Tundac diplomatiur doneze, dam-

yarebis cdebi, Tavidanve warumateblobisaTvis iyo gan-

wiruli mTeli rigi mizezebis gamo: 1. kontaqtebis dam-

yarebisaTvis saWiro iyo didi dro, zogjer ramdenime

weli. am drois ganmavlobaSi ki bevri ram icvleboda

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi da miRweul SeTanxmebas

mniSvneloba ekargeboda; 2. Seferxebebi qveynebs Soris

damakavSirebel gzebze; 3. politikuri situaciis xSiri cv-

la, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise evropis saxelmwifoebSi; 4.

dapirispireba da samxedro konfliqtebi mezoblebTan, rac

xSirad iwvevda sagareo politikuri kursis cvlilebas; 5.

evropis saxelmwifoebis sxvadasxvagvari damokidebuleba

(upiratesad ekonomikuri interesebidan gamomdinare)

saqarTvelos mezobeli iranisa da osmaleTisadmi, ro-

melTa mier Seqmnili saSiSroebisagan Tavdacvis auci-

lebloba ganapirobebda qarTveli politikosebis mier

mokavSiris Ziebas dasavleT evropasa da ruseTSi.

547

imereTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis SeTanxmebuli

sagareo politika da diplomatia ruseT-TurqeTis

omis win (XVIII s. 50-60-ani wlebi)

dasawyisidanve rTuli iyo imereTis mefe solomon

I-is mefoba (1752-1784), rac, umeteswilad, ganapiroba sa-

gareo faqtorma: Zlierdeboda osmaleTis zewola da-

savleT saqarTveloze. amiT sargeblobdnen samegrelos,

guriis mTavrebi, raWis erisTavi, msxvili saTavadoebis

patronebi. zogi Cemulobda mefobas, zogi Tavisi sam-

flobelos gafarToebas. isini TavianTi interesebidan

gamomdinare, mzad iyvnen mtersac ki SemoZRolodnen

qveyanaSi. taxtisaTvis brZolaSi Cabmuli iyvnen axal-

gazrda mefis biZebi _ mamuka da giorgi, papa levan

giorgis Ze abaSiZe da mefis dedac ki. mis winaaRmdeg

gamovida misive Zma besarion kaTalikosi. solomonis

gamefebisTanave `raWis erisTavi (rostomi _ e.m.) da le-van abaSiZe didis jariT imerel mefeze wamovidnen. solomon mefec wamovida jariT, Seiyarnen, Seibnen, da-ixoca orgniTve uricxvi, bolos raWis erisTavsa da levan abaSiZes gaemarjvaT. mefe solomon gaiqca, axal-cixis faSas Seexvewa, mefis mamuli aaoÃres~1. solomon-

ma faSas daxmarebiT taxti daibruna da mowinaaRmdegee-

bi dasaja. mefem kidev ufro gaimtkica mdgomareoba sa-

megrelos mTavris daze _ mariamze qorwinebiT.

solomonma qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebis mxarda-

Wera moipova maSin, rodesac 1757 wels qarTls lekebi

daesxnen da is Tavisi jariT mxarSi amoudga Teimuraz

II-sa da erekle II-s.

1 papuna orbeliani, ambavni qarTlisani, gv. 197.

548

1757 wlis 14 dekembers solomon I-ma xresilis

mindorze daamarcxa Turqebi, maTi mokavSire levan aba-

SiZe da raWis erisTavi rostomi.

ra Tqma unda, osmaleTi marcxs ar Seegueboda. es

mSvenivrad esmoda imereTis mefes. is imasac iTvalis-

winebda, rom qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebisaTvis ar iyo

sulerTi Tu ra xdeboda dasavleT saqarTveloSi da

cdilobda maTTan daemyarebina kavSiri. 1758 w. moxda

uaRresad mniSvnelovani faqti: xunZaxis batoni qarTl-

Si didi jariT SeiWra. Teimuraz II da erekle II Tav-

Tavis jariT gorSi mividnen. magram mefeebs jari

emciraT da imereTis mefe solomon I-s daxmareba sTxo-

ves. solomoni mcire jariT movida gorSi, sadac Tei-

murazi da erekle `daxvdnen sayvarlad~. gorSi ga-

formda xelSekruleba megobrobisa da urTierTdax-

marebis Sesaxeb: `romelsac qveyanaSi mteri Semovideso, erTmaneTs miveSvelneTo~1 _ gadawyvites erTxmad da

cxovrebaSic ganaxorcieles. Tavdapirvelad maT erTo-

blivad Seuties koxtas da ConColmusas meTaurobiT

qarTlSi Semosul lekTa 8 aTasian jars da daamar-

cxes2. solomon I-ma aseve daxmareba gauwia qarTlisa da

kaxeTis mefeebs lekebisa da ganjis saxanos winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi 1759-1760 wlebSi3.

xresilTan (1756 w.) damarcxebuli raWis erisTavi

solomon mefes Seurigda4. rogorc Semdgomi movlenebi-

1 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 246. 2 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 112. 3 burjanaZe S., solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi, gv. 94-

95. 4 soselia o., narkvevebi feodaluri xanis dasavleT saqarT-

velos socialur-politikuri istoriidan, Tbilisi, 1973,

gv. 97.

549

dan gamoCnda, Serigeba orive mxarisaTvis droebiTi iyo,

ufro xelsayreli momentis molodinSi.

ereklesa da solomons Soris 1758 wels gorSi

safuZvelCayrili TanamSromloba Teimurazis gardacva-

lebis Semdegac grZeldeboda.

***

imereTis samefos saSinao da sagareo politikis

gansazRvris TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelo-

ba hqonda 1759 wlis dekemberSi mowveul saeklesio da

saero feodalebis sagangebo krebas (eswrebodnen dadi-

ani da gureli), romelmac imereTSi, odiSsa da guriaSi

akrZala adamianebiT vaWroba (tyveTa syidva); eklesia

SeaCvenebda maT, vinc mxilebuli iqneboda am antisaxel-

mwifoebriv moqmedebaSi; saero xelisuflebam, Sesaba-

misi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze, tyveebiT movaWreTa-

Tvis sikvdiliT dasja daadgina. garda amisa, krebam

sxva aranaklebi mniSvnelobis dadgenilebebi miiRo sa-

xelmwifos ganmtkicebisa da eklesiis avtoritetis ama-

Rlebis miznaT.

tyvis syidvis akrZalvis gamo gansakuTrebiT mwvave

reaqcia hqonda axalcixis faSas.

àse rom axalcixis faSam aseTi saSineli da saza-reli sityva SemogviTvala, rom adamis toms arc pir-vel smenia da arc Semdgomad ismineba amisTana saSi-neli, sasmenelad sazaro sityva: tyves Tu ar gayidiT, ar iqnebao. axla amazed ase erTpirobiT dagvimtkicebia RuTis SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas, es saqme CuÀngan ar iqnes, arc amaSid erTmaneTs usustoT, kidec erTmaneTs miudgeT, kidec mefe solomonis mor-Cili da bZanebis aRmasrulebeli viqmneT da gulis

550

wmindiT erTmaneTs miudgeT...~1_ ganacxades dasavleT

saqarTvelos ierarqebma da didebulebma.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi daw-

yebul adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolas win

uswrebda aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi kaTalikos domen-

ti IV-is iniciativiT dawyebuli kompania adamianebiT

vaWrobis Sesaxeb2, 1747 wels is ganaxlda axali ZaliT3.

solomon I-s osmalebis reaqciaze imereTis

samefoSi tyvis syidvis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT da

solomonisa da erekle II-is saidumlo kavSirze sainte-

reso informacias vnaxulobT mitropolit maqsime aba-

SiZe quTaTelis 1768 wlis moxsenebiT baraTSi. masSi

aRniSnulia, rom solomonis gamefebis Semdeg aikrZala

ara mxolod qristianuli kanonis da eklesiis, aramed,

zogadad, adamianuri sindisis sawinaaRmdego adamiane-

biT vaWroba. mefem didi jarimisa da sikvdiliT dasjis

muqariT yvela Tavis qveSevrdoms aukrZala qarTve-

lebiT vaWroba TurqebTan. ganawyenebulma Turqebma

solomon mefes araerTxel sTxoves, rom mas Tavisi

qveSevrdomebisaTvis mieca amgvari ufleba, magram ver

daiyolies. amtom sulTanma 1760 wels gagzavna jari

serasker-faSas mola abdulas meTaurobiT, mas raWis

erisTavi SeuerTda `da mravalni qristianeni samRvde-

loni da saeroni daakldnen sicocxlesa~4. solomonma

daamarcxa mteri. roca sulTanma am marcxis Sesaxeb

1 Акты, I, с. 57. 2 tyvis syidvis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli kaTalikos domenti IV-

is Sesaxeb ix. zemoT: kaTalikos domenti IV-is portreti-saTvis.

3 Акты, I, с. 56-57. 4 rexviaSvili m., imereTis samefo. 1462-1810, Tbilisi, 1989, gv.

207.

551

Seityo, 1761 wels axali jari gagzavna. imerlebma is

jaric daamarcxes. 1763 wels sulTanma mesamed gagzavna

jari, romelic gaiyo or nawilad: erTs meTaurobda

sariis seraskeri abdula riman-faSa, meores ki, axal-

cixis asan-faSa, maTTan erTad iyvnen or duRiani faSebi

da ramdenime begi. jarSi mTlianobaSi imyofeboda 40

aTasi kaci. Turqebma daipyres ramdenime simagre da

gaeSurnen axalcixisken. maT esxmoda imerelTa jari da

mTlianad gaanadgura. gaTavisuflebul iqna mtris mier

dapyrobili simagreebi1.

erTi wlis Semdeg solomon mefis mowinaaRmdegeebi

wavidnen sulTanTan da moiTxoves imereTis gasanadgu-

reblad jari. maT misces 80 aTasamde qveiTi da cxe-

nosani jari axalcixis faSas sardlobiT. mters miem-

xrnen imereTis is Tavadaznaurebi, romlebic mxars ar

uWerdnen tyveebiT vaWrobis akrZalvas.

Turqebma ver SeZles solomonis Sepyroba. mtris

jaris imereTidan gasvlis Semdeg, maT mier dapyrobili

yvela adgilebi mefem gaaTavisufla. seraskerma gaug-

zavna solomons Sikriki, romelmac acnoba: mefe erekle

sulTans dapirda, rom solomoni yovelwliurad gaug-

zavnida 60 asuls. solomonma uari Tqva aseTi da-

pirebis Sesaxeb da ganucxada, rom amgvar xarks ara-

sodes miscemda sulTans2. rogorc Semdeg gairkva ere-

kle mefe arasodes yofila solomon mefis Suamavlad

sulTanTan. mitropoliti maqsime werda, erekle solo-

monTan farul kavSirSia da saidumlod exmarebao.

erekles da solomonis kavSiris Sesaxeb sulTnisa-

Tvis ucnobebiaT erekles kariskacebs, ris gamoc sul-

Tani ganrisxda da amis Sesaxeb protesti SeuTvala

1 Акты, I, с. 14-15. 2 Тамже, с. 15-16.

552

qarTl-kaxeTis mefes. ereklem Tavis gamarTlebis miz-

niT sulTanTan Tavisi elCi gagzavna.

moxsenebiT baraTSi naTqvamia raWis erisTavis mo-

Ralatur moqmedebaze, maSin, rodesac solomoni Tur-

qebs ebrZoda. amis Semdeg daimorCila mefem raWis sae-

risTavo da Tavadebis Svilebi mZevlebad waiyvana.

dokumentSi xazgasmulia odiSisa da guriis

mTavrebis solomonisadmi erTguleba1.

solomon mefes gaazrebuli hqonda, rogori reaq-

cia eqneboda osmaleTis saxelmwifos dasavleT saqarT-

veloSi tyveebiT vaWrobis akrZalvis gamo, da qveynis

SigniTac gauCdeboda mravali ukmayofilo. osmalebis

wvrilwvrili Tavdasxmebi imereTis samefoze amis Sem-

degac grZeldeboda da, rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi-

dan Cans, maT sul ufro mzardi winaaRmdegoba xvdebo-

daT da marcxs ganicdidnen.

solomon I 1764 wels aleqsandre baqaris Zes swer-

da: yovel weliwads ramdenime aTasi adamiani igzavne-

boda mahmadianebTan. mama _ Svils, qmari _ cols hyidda,

romelTa umravlesoba mahmadiandeboda, ukve meSvide

welia, rac avkrZale qristianebis mahmadianebze gayid-

vao. gasuli wlis dekemberSi solomons osmalTa jari

daumarcxebia. man Seityo, rom mteri ufro didi jariT

apirebda imereTSi SeWras, magram rogor dasruldeboda

osmalebTan brZola, amis prognozireba ar SeeZlo.

amitom mas surda imis garantia hqoneboda, rom damarc-

xebis SemTxvevaSi, aleqsandre baqaris Zis daxmarebiT

ruseTi mas Seifarebda2.

1 Тамже, с. 16-17. 2 maWaraZe v., masalebi XVIII saukunis meore naxevris ruseT-

saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriisaTvis, naw. III, nakv. I,

gv. 206.

553

osmaleTis mTavroba xedavda ra imereTis samefosa

da qarTl-kaxeTis samefos Soris samokavSireo kontaq-

tebs, cdilobda qarTl-kaxeTTan mdgomareoba ar daeZa-

ba da imereTis samefosTvis calke gaesworebina angari-

Si, is garkveul dromde iTvaliswinebda iranisa da ru-

seTis interess aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi, kerZod,

qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi. osmaleTi imave dros cdilo-

bda gaeTiSa imereTis da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebi da

saqme hqoneboda mxolod imereTis samefosTan. osmale-

Tis diplomatiis amgvari moqmedebis saintereso epizo-

dia Semdegi: 1764 wlis dekembris bolos osmaleTis re-

is efendim ruseTis saelCos mTargmnels uCvena sulT-

nis brZaneba axalcixis, yarsis, baiazeTisa da trapizo-

nis faSebisadmi, rom isini momzadebuliyvnen saqarTve-

loze gasalaSqreblad. amis gamo rusma diplomatebma

protesti ganacxades, razec laparakia konstantinopo-

lSi ruseTis rezidentis a. obreskovis da saqmeTa

rwmunebulis p. levaSovis mier imperatorisaTvis gag-

zavnil werilSi. rusi diplomatebis protestma gaWra

da osmaleTma xeli aiRo ganzraxvaze. rogorc SemdegSi

gairkveva es iyo SantaJi ruseTisadmi, raTa mas gavlena

moexdina qarTl-kaxeTis mefeze, raTa mxari aRar daeWi-

ra imereTis antiosmaluri politikisTvis. ufro metic,

mefe erekles unda erCia mefe solomonisaTvis, rom

sulTans damorCileboda da Zveleburad eZlia xarki1.

osmaleTis mier asaTasiani armiis Sekrebaze saqar-

Tveloze Tavdasasxmelad xma rom gavrcelebuli iyo,

amis Sesaxeb ruseTis konsuli enzelSi i. igumnovi 1764

wlis 30 marts acnobebda Tavis mTavrobas2. imave wlis

dekembris bolos osmaleTis sulTnis brZanebidan axl-

1 iqve, gv. 48-49. 2 iqve, gv. 203.

554

cixis faSasadmi, vigebT, rom imereTSi SeWrili abdir

aRa solomonma daamarcxa. amboxebuli imerlebis wina-

aRmdeg samxedro RonisZiebebi gagrZeldeba, im SemTxve-

vaSi, Tu mefe erekle ganizraxavs imereTis mefis daxma-

rebas, axalcixis faSa maSinve unda SeiWras aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi1.

a. obreskovisa da p. levaSovis mier ekaterine II-

isaTvis gagzavnil relaciaSi laparakia, rom gancdili

marcxis gamo Sewuxebul Turqebs ganuzraxavT 30-aTa-

siani jaris gagzavna imereTSi. iqve laparakia rusi dip-

lomatebis mcdelobaze ar dauSvan osmaleTis Careva

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saqmeebSi2.

rusi diplmetebi 1765 wlis 16 aprilis relaciiT

imperatricas acnobebdnen, rom, rogorc Turqi diplo-

matebisagan gaiges, maT hqondaT zepiri informacia, Ti-

Tqos ruseTis mTavroba exmareba erekle mefes, es uka-

naskneli ki amxnevebda ajanyebul imerlebs portas

winaaRmdeg. aseTi mdgomareoba xels SeuSlida ruseTis

karisa da portas megobrobas3.

aseTi xmebi ar wydeboda 1765 wlis ganmavlobaSi4.

1766 wlis 14 ianvars konstantinopolidan gagzavni-

li relaciiT a. obreskovi da p. levaSovi konstantino-

polis maxlobeli peridan ekaterine II-s acnobebdnen

portis ori erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego ganzraxvis Sesa-

xeb: solomon mefesTan molaparakebisa da sadamsjelo

Zalebis gamoyofas momavali gazafxulisaTvis dasavl-

eT saqarTvelos gasanadgureblad5.

1 iqve, gv. 212-213. 2 iqve, gv. 213-215. 3 iqve, gv. 215-216. 4 ix. iqve, gv. 216-217. 5 iqve, gv. 220.

555

TebervalSi rusi diplomatebi mTavrobas acnobeb-

dnen, rom maT xelSi CauvardaT Turquli dokumenti

romelSic laparaki iyo sulTnis ganzraxvaze imereTis

mefe solomonis winaaRmdegobis CaxSobis RonisZiebeba-

ze. masSi dasaxelebulia im gubernatorebis saxelebi

da jaris raodenoba, vis ramdeni da ra saxeobis jari

unda gamoeyvana imereTSi gasalaSqreblad1.

obreskovisa da levaSevis 1766 wlis 20 seqtembris

relaciidan imasac vigebT, rom konstantinopolSi mivi-

da mefe erekles elCi, solomon mefisa da sulTnis

Sesarigeblad molaparakebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa,

rom mefe erekles elCs pativiscemiT epyrobodnen,

hyavdaT izolirebuli da aravis akarebdnen, rusma dip-

lomatebma TavianTi arxebiT mainc Seityes, rom erekles

elCma ganucxada osmaleTis mTavrobas, imereTis samefo

mzadaa portas yovelwliurad misces 60 gogo, mxolod

araqarTveli da ara qristiani. samagierod portas

imereTi unda ecno ara qveSevrdomad, aramed proteq-

ciis qveS myof qveyanad. rogorc Cveni wyaro gvarwmu-

nebs porta am moTxovnebze daTanxmdebao _ werdnen

rusi diplomatebi2.

20 oqtombers dadasturda erekles elCis konstan-

tinopolSi Casvla da mis mier im pirobebis wayeneba

osmaleTis karisaTvis3, romelzec zemoT iyo naTqvami.

qarTl-kaxeTis politikosebma yuradReba miaqcies

imereTis mefe solomon I-is ruseTTan kontaqtebis ga-

naxlebas. solomonma XVIII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi

TiTqmis mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo gaaerTiana da

rogorc gamoCnda osmaleTis ramdenime Semosevac moige-

1 iqve, gv. 221-223. 2 iqve, gv. 224. 3 iqve, gv. 228-229.

556

ria, magram 1766 w. solomoni mainc damarcxda. 1767 wlis

26 noembers yizlarSi Cavida erekle II-is despani arqi-

mandriti porfiri, romelmac komendants gadasca weri-

li da zogierTi ambavic uambo saqarTvelos Sesaxeb:

1766 wels sulTanma solomonTan gagzavna erT-erTi

faSa jariT, man mefes gadasca brZaneba, romelSic aRni-

Snuli iyo, rom Tu imereTis mefe kvlav tyveebis

micemis winaaRmdegi iqneboda, maSin mas taxtidan gadaa-

yenebda da mis adgilze dasvamda solomonis biZaSvil

Teimurazs. maSasadame, sulTans imereTSi gasamefeblad

kandididatic hyavda SerCeuli. es iyo osmaleTSi gada-

xvewili Teimuraz mamukas Ze bagrationi. faSas ultima-

tums solomon mefem uariT upasuaxa. faSam jari gamoi-

yena da sulTnis brZaneba aRasrula1.

***

Teimuraz mamukas Ze bagrationis Sesaxeb cnobebi

uaRresad mcirea. is mefobda 1766-1768 wlebSi. rogorc

ruseTis mexuTe klasis moxele (статский советник) Tavadi

amilaxvarovi Tavis moxsenebiT baraTSi werda, 1759

wels, man solomonis elC mitropolit maqsime ganaTe-

lisagan Seityo, rom 1760 wels Turqebis mier Seviwro-

ebul mefes uRalata misma biZaSvilma, Tavisi simamris

raWis erisTavis CagonebiT. 1765 wels osmalTa jari gu-

riasa da odiSSi Cadga, iq gamoizamTra da 1766 wlis

seqtemberSi imereTs Seesia. Turqebma qvemo imereTi dai-

kaves, sveris cixec aiRes, quTaisSi Sevidnen da Teimu-

raz mamukas Ze dasves mefed. imereTis mosaxleobis di-

di nawili axal mefes miemxro. solomoni ki sxvadasxva

1 iqve, gv. 261.

557

adgilebSi imaleboda, bolos Tavi Seafara wereTlebis

cixe simagreSi1.

solomoni daxmarebas sTxovda Crdilo kavkasiaSi

ganlagebul ruseTis jarebis sardlobas, magram amaod.

Turqebis ZiriTadma jarma qveyana daarbia da imereTs

gaecala, adgilze ki 4 aTasi Turqi jariskaci datova.

solomonma Tavisi momxreebi Sekriba da sul male

mTeli imereTi daikava. moRalate Teimurazma TurqeTs

Seafara Tavi.

osmaleTis mTavrobas Tavad aRar uRirda imere-

TisaTvis samxedro kampanebis mowyoba, rac did finan-

sur danaxarjebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. verc Teimurazma

gaumarTlaT. amitom, osmaleTi advilad daTanxmda so-

lomon I-Tan zavis dadebaze. 1767 wels osmaleTma ime-

reTis samefosTan sazavo xelSekruleba gaaforma, ro-

mlis Tanaxmad, imereTis samefo cxaddeboda osmaleTis

ara vasalad, aramed mfarvelobaSi myof qveynad.

Teimuraz mamukas Ze ar Tmobda poziciebs, brZolas

ganagrZobda, magram CxerTan gadamwyvet brZolaSi so-

lomonma Teimurazi daamarcxa (1768 w.). is muxuris

cixeSi gamoketes da iqve gardaicvala.

***

solomonma icoda, rom osmalebisagan Tavs ver

daaRwevda. man daxmarebis TxovniT ruseTSi elCi maq-

sime quTaTeli gagzavna da mfarveloba an, ukidures

SemTxvevaSi, fuliT daxmareba iTxova Tavisi samxedro

Zalis gasaZliereblad.

1766 wlis 20 oqtombers solomon mefem yizlaris

komendants general n. potapovs gaugzavna werili,

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII

столетия, относящиеся к Грузии, с 1768 по 1774 год, т. I, c. 31.

558

romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, im Sedegebis Sesaxeb, rac

mohyva Tavisi qveSevrdomi qristianebis Turqebze gayi-

dvis akrZalvas. `rodesac es saqme Seityo xuanTqarman, ganrisxda da, am jaris garda, samgzis jari gamomisiva da samjer gavimarjveT, Svidi aTasobiT, xuTiaTasobiT davxoceT da sxvani darComili sircxvileulni gabrun-dnen... mas aqeT xvanTqris firmani orjer momsvlia ama ZaliTa, rom rogorc pirvel imereTis mefeTagan das-turi hqonia imereTis xalxs tyvis syidvisa, egeTve aw Sen daeci dasturi Sen samefoSi, rom TaTarze qris-tiane tyve iyidebodes da, Tu amas aRasruleb, mec mwya-lobeli viqnebi Senio. da magieri pasuxi Cem mier miwe-rili xuanTqarTan: romelic dasabamidgan begara zdebia Cems xalxs, imisi momcemi var da umetesisac da Cems sicocxleSi qristianesagan erTis sulis gasyidvac ar iqneba da verc dasturs mivcem~1.

miuxedavad imisa, rom solomonma sabolood gai-

marjva, Turqebi mainc iTxovdnen tyvis syidvis aRdge-

nas. Cans, solomon mefe imdenad principulad iyo ganw-

yobili Tavis samefos mosaxleobis dasacavad, rom ara-

viTar daTmobaze ar wavida osmaleTis saxelmwifos wi-

naSe, Tundac iZulebuli gamxdariyo, amisaTvis samSob-

loc daetovebina. is mzada iyo zogierT Tavadazna-

urTan da msaxurTan erTad gadasuliyo ruseTSi. ami-

tom solomoni swerda yizlaris komendants, rom saWi-

roebis SemTxvevaSi, eSuamdgomla ruseTis mTavrobis

winaSe, rom misi Txovna ruseTi sasazRvro zolSi gada-

saxlebis Sesaxeb daekmayofilebina. komendants peterbu-

rgidan mosuli pasuxi solomonisaTvis unda ecnobebina

im qarTveli arqimandritis, giorgis saSualebiT, rome-

lic misionerad imyofeboda oseTSi. ar gasula didi

1 iqve, gv. 225-226.

559

xani, rom arqimandriti yizlarSi Cavida da iTxova,

ruseTis mTavrobas eSuamdgomla osmaleTis sulTnis

karTan, raTa is dakmayofilebuliyo imereTidan miRebu-

li fuladi xarkiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ruseTis

mTavrobam solomon mefe Tavisi xalxiT daasaxlos sa-

qarTvelos sazRvarTan da ara Sida ruseTSi1.

solomon I komendants sTxovda, rom imereTSi male

daebrunebina yizlarSi gagzavnili sardali Tavadi

qaixosro wereTeli da sruliad imereTis mouravi gi-

orgi abaduSriZe2.

1766 wlis noemberSi solomonis elCebi, Tavadi qa-

ixosro wereTeli da giorgi abaduSeriZe Cavidnen yiz-

larSi da general potapovs gadasces werili. pota-

povma mefis werili maSinve imperatricas gadaugzavna.

rodesac pasuxs miviReb dauyovnebliv gacnobebo _

werda komendanti mefe solmons3.

20 noembers potapovma moaxsena sagareo saqmeTa

komisias imereTis mefis elCebis yizlarSi Casvlisa da

solomonis Txovnaze TurqebTan brZolaSi damarcxebis

SemTxvevaSi ruseTSi TavSesafris micemis Sesaxeb4.

ruseTisgan daxmarebis Txovnis paralelurad, so-

lomon I cdilobda erekle II-is SewevniT gamoenaxa sa-

erTo ena osmaleTis sulTanTan.

ruseTis rezidenti osmaleTSi Tavis mTavrobas ac-

nobebda, rom miuxedavad osmaleTis siZlierisa, mainc

ver axerxebda solomonis damarcxebas. porta mzad iyo

erekles SuamavlobiT Seewyvita imereTSi samxedro moq-

1 Цагарели А., А., Грамоты..., т. I, , c. 1-2; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 226.

2 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 226. 3 iqve, gv. 231. 4 iqve, gv. 231-232.

560

medeba ori pirobiT: 1. solomonis qveSevrdomi qarTve-

lebi Zveli Cveulebis Tanaxmad yovelwliurad misce-

mdnen 60 gogos, Tundac araqarTvels; 2. porta aRar

miiCnevda imerlebs Tavis qveSevrdomebad. isini iqnebod-

nen mxolod portas proteqciis qveS.

portam erekles mianiWa sruli ufleba solomon-

Tan Rirseuli xelSekrulebis dasadebad. erekles mier

konstantinopolSi gagzavnili kaci daajildoves, Sem-

deg ki hkiTxes: xom ar exmareboda ruseTi qarTvelebs.

misi pasuxi iyo: marTalia solomonis imereTi ar aris

osmaleTiviT Zlieri, magram mas exmarebian kavkasiis

mTieli mTavrebi, ruseTi araviTari formiT ar ereva

iqaur saqmeebSi, amis saSualebas ruseTs imereTisgan

siSorec ar aZlevso1.

ruseTis mTavrobas jer kidev sabolood gadawyve-

tili ar hqonda osmaleTis imperiasTan omis dawyeba,

amitom cdilobda procesi xelovnurad ar daeCqarebina,

imereTis samefo-osmaleTis daZabul urTierTobaSi Ca-

reviT. amitom ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis moxse-

nebis safuZvleze, imperatricas brZanebiT (1767 wlis 30

marti), yizlaris komendants daevala solomon I-s ac-

nobos arqimandrit grigolis saSualebiT, rom misi su-

rvili saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTSi gadasvlis Sesa-

xeb mTavrobis mier aRqmuli iqna siamovnebiT, magram

man unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom misi mteri grZnobs Ta-

vis warumateblobas, imereTis samefosTan omis simZimes

da aRar unda omis gagrZeleba. am mdgomareobis gaTva-

liswinebiT SeiZleba aRar iyos saWiro samSoblos mi-

toveba da ruseTSi gadasvla. Tumca osmaleTis xeli-

sufleba rodesac wels moidgams isev Seecdeba Tavisi

Canafiqris ganxorcielebas. radgan portasTan mudmivi

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, c. 2.

561

mSvidoba SeuZlebelia, amitom solomonma sxva droisa-

Tvis gadasdos Tavisi ganzraxva1.

rogorc irkveva, sagareo saqmeTa komisiam mainc

Seiswavla solomon mefis Txovna ruseTSi TavSefare-

bis Sesaxeb da 1767 wlis 1 Tebervals ekaterine II-s wa-

rudgina Tavisi mosazreba mocemul sakiTxze. solo-

monis werili qarTulidan rusulad uTargmnia meSvide

xarisxis moxeles, abazaZes. amas garda kolegias xelT

hqonda potapovis moxsenebiTi baraTi, romelSic komen-

danti, arqimandrit grigolis monaTxrobze dayrdnobiT

aRwerda solomonis mdgomareobas, romelsac Tavi Seu-

farebia oseTis maxloblad erisTav rostomis samflo-

belo kudaroSi.

amgvarad, imereTis mefisgan, yizlaridan da osma-

leTSi myofi rusi diplomatebisgan gagzavnili masale-

bis, poloneTis sakiTxis gamo ruseT-osmaleTs Soris

arsebuli rTuli mdgomareobis analizis gaTvaliswi-

nebiT, kolegia mocemul etapze imperators ar urCevda

solomonisa da misi Tanmxlebi adamianebis ruseTis

teritoriaze miRebas. kolegiam Tavisi mosazrebebi Ca-

moayaliba Semdeg muxlebad:

1. solomon mefe, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, eZiebs

TavSesafars ruseTSi Tavis ojaxianad.

kolegiam mizanSewonilad CaTvala: es sakiTxi uaR-

resad rTulia, radgan SeiZleba daZabos ruseTis urTi-

erToba portasTan, romelsac isedac garTulebebi aqvs

evropaSi. solomonis gadasvla ruseTSi SeiZleba ufro

Zviri daujdes saxlmwifos, vidre arasaimedo qarTve-

lebis momxreoba. ara mxolod solomonis Tavis xalx-

Tan erTad miRebam vasalad, aramed ruseTis sazRvarTan

misi TviTneburi miaxloebac ki, portasaTvis gaugebari

1 Тамже, с. 3.

562

ar darCeba, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios portaSi didi

eWvi da CaTvalos TavisTvis saSiSad da sazianod, aman

ki gamoiwvios portasTan urTierTobis gacieba da kon-

fliqti;

2. solomoni iTxovs ruseTis mosarCleobas otoma-

nTa portas winaSe, raTa man moasvenos imereTi. magram

es gamoiwvevs Zlier eWvs osmaleTSi, Tumca amis gare-

Sec eWvobdnen portaSi, rom SeiZleboda ruseTis impe-

ria exmareboda qarTvelebs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg brZo-

lis dros. magram, rogorc kolegia fiqrobda, ruseTis

mxridan amgvari saqcieli didad safrTxiloa. porta

isedac eWvobda, rom SeiZleboda ruseTis imperia exma-

reboda qarTvelebs, amis Sesaxeb ekiTxebodnen erekles

mier mivlinebul despans konstantinopolSi;

3. solomonisTvis gadawyvetiT uaris Tqma da ime-

dis sruli gadawyveta ar aris saWiro. SeiZleba is da

misi xalxi gamoadgnen imperias maSin, roca moxdeba gan-

xeTqileba osmaleTis karTan;

4. sagareo saqmeTa komisiis azriT, unda gaegzavnos

werilobiTi brZaneba yizlarSi general-maior potapovs

zemoaRniSnuli viTarebis ganmartebebiT. man Tavisi

saxeliT gaugzavnos solomons specialurad daniSnuli

qarTveli an sando mahmadiani kaci, romelic wava

saqarTvelSi viTomda Tavisi saWiroebisaTvis. misTvis

gadacemul mokle werilSi aRiniSneboda, rom potapovma

imperatricas ukve gaugzavna solomonis werilebi, rom-

lebic kmayofilebiT miiRo saimperatoro karma1.

5. kolegias mizanSewonilad miaCnda, dalodebod-

nen ra SedegiT damTvrdeboda erekle I-is mediatoroba

imereTisa da osamaleTis Sesarigeblad.

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 233-236. Sdr.

iqve, gv. 65.

563

6. yizlaris komendantma gagzavnos iRumeni gri-

goli imereTSi, viTom Tavisi saqmeebis mosagvareblad

da naTesavebis mosanaxuleblad, mkacrad gaafrTxilos,

rom aravis gaumxilos, rom yizlaridan aris gagza-

vnili, gansakuTrebiT ki aravin unda icodes misi gag-

zavna imereTSi komisiis davalebiT. yizlaridan gamg-

zavrebis win komendants arqimandritisTvis unda mieca

200 rubli, an ramdenic saWiro iqneboda sacxovreblisa

da gamyolebis dasaqiraveblad. yizlarSi dabrunebis

Semdeg iRumens komendantisaTvis unda waredgina dawv-

rilebiTi angariSi.

7. romeli mosazrebebic warudgina komisiam impe-

ratricas mefe solomonTan da imereTis samefosTan

dakavSirebiT, ramdenad iyo misaRebi, amas TviTon ga-

dawyvetda1.

ekaterine II-is mier sagareo saqmeTa kimisiis

mosazrebaTa gacnobisa da mowonebis Semdeg, yizlaris

komendant potapovs 1767 wlis 30 aprils gaegzavna we-

rilobiTi brZaneba roemelSic ZiriTadad gameorebuli

iyo kolegiis argumentebi. potapovs gaegzavna, agreTve

is pasuxebi, romlebic mas unda gadaeca solomon

mefisaTvis2.

saintereso realacia gaugzavnes a. obreskovma da

p. levaSovma ekaterine II-s 1767 wlis 31 agvistos,

romelSic iyo naTqvami, rom sulTanma imereTSi gag-

zavna sasaxlis erT-erTi didebuli, kafuji-baSi, ro-

melic dabrunda ratificirebuli xelSekrulebebiT.

osmalo didebulma sulTans moaxsena, agreTve, rom

TiTqos erekle mefem ruseTis imperatorisgan miiRo

proteqcia, romliTac igi gaZlierdeba ara mxolod

1 iqve, gv. 237-238. 2 iqve, gv. 240-245.

564

iranis winaaRmdeg, aramed misi mezobeli im xalxebis

winaaRmdegac, visac ar surT daemorCilon mas. magram

sulTanma kafuji-faSas mier moxsenebuli ar daijera

da sruliad mSvidad imyofeboda1. dokumentisaTvis

darTul SeniSvnaSi aRniSnulia sworad, rom kafuji-

faSas mier viTomda saqarTvloSi momxdari ambebi

SeTxzuli iyo Turqebis mier rus diplomatebze

zewolisa da SecdomaSi Seyvanis mizniT2. marTlac, ara-

viTari cnoba ar arsebobs dasaxelebul wels osma-

lebsa da solomon I-s, erekle II-sa da ruseTis xe-

lisuflebas Soris raime xelSekrulebis dadebis Tao-

baze. rogorc SemdgomSi gamoCdeba sulTnis karze

icodnen a. obreskovisa da p. levaSovis jaSuSuri

saqmianobis Sesaxeb da maTi saSualebiT undodaT ruse-

Tis xelisuflebis dezorientazia. sinamdvileSi, imave

zafxuls osmaleTis 30 aTasiani jari SeiWra imereTSi

da, zogierTi cnobiT, aravin icoda sad Seafara Tavi

mefe solomonma, imereTSi Tu erekle II-sTan. es ambavi

yizlarSi arqimandrit grigolis acnoba oseTidan Casu-

lma diakvanma ivane zurapovma, romlisTvisac amis Se-

saxeb uTqvams erT imerels oseTSi3.

ruseTis saimperatoro kari, Tavis mxriv cdilobda

cru dapirebebiT, qarTveli mefeebi gaexadaT osmale-

Tisa da iranis wnaaRmdeg gansaxorcielebeli Tavisi

politikis instrumentebad. man daiwyo sagareo saqmeTa

kolegiis mier SeTavazebuli 1767 wlis gadawyvetile-

baTa ganxorcieleba. oqtomberSi yizlaris komendantma

potapovma solomon mefes gaugzavna werili arqiman-

drit grigolis xeliT. werilSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom


565

imperatorma kmayofilebiT miiRo solomon mefis wi-

nadadebebi da komendantis werilis mizani amis Setyo-

bineba iyo. sxvaTa Soriso, werda potapovi, arqiman-

driti grigoli iyo moskovSi da is yvelafers piradad

mogaxsenebTo1.

erekle mefe, Tavis mxrivac, iyenebda dazvervis an

saidumlo diplomatiuri molaparakebebisaTvis `SemT-

xveviT~ adamianebs. mefe wers potapovs: `CuÀni naTesavi

arximandriti porfiri wamovida mand yizlar qalaqad

TÂsT mSobelTa Tana sanaxavad da TquÀnis maRal zeaR-

mavlobisagan daugdebel iyos~2.

potapovi saidumlod acnobebda sagareo saqmeTa

komisias, rom arqimandriti grigoli uzrunvelhyo yve-

lafriT, rac aucilebeli iyo da gagzavna imereTSi.

imereTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis politikur

mdgomareobasa da sagareo urTierTobebze sainteresi

informaciaa Semonaxuli erekle mefis despanis arqiman-

drit porfiris yizlarSi komendant potapovisaTvis

monaTxrobis mixedviT gakeTebul CanawerSi 1767 wlis

26 noembers3.

mas Semdeg, rac Turqebma Teimuraz baqaris Ze ga-

amefes imereTSi, solomoni, romelsac winaaRmdegobis

gawevis Zala ar hqonda, quTaiss gaecala da Tavis

mamulSi dabrunda. raWis erisTavma Turq faSas aRuT-

qva, rom solomon mefes Seipyrobda an moklavda. magram

solomonma moikriba Zala da Teimurazi, Tavisi Zma

kaTalikosi da erisTavi gaiqcnen. despanma erekle mefis

Sesaxeb ganacxada, rom isic aranakleb saxifaTo mdgo-

marobaSia. solomonma sTxova mas, rom daxmareboda


566

Turqebis winaaRmdeg, magram sifrTxilis gamo ar daex-

mara. miuxedavad imisa, rom misi vaJi erekles qali-

Svilis qmaria. amgvarad, Turqebs ar miecaT sababi qa-

rTlis mxridan Seseodnen imereTs1.

arqimandrit grigolis saqmianoba saqarTveloSi

aisaxa ramdenime dokumentSi. 1768 moxsenebaSi, romelic

emyareba arqimandritis 26 ianvaris werils, irkveva,

rom is 1767 wlis 20 dekembers Cavida imereTSi, magram

mefe solomonis naxva jer ver SeZlo, radgan is Tavisi

jariT wasuli iyo Turqebis mier warTmeuli qalaqebis

dasabruneblad. 1768 wlis ianvarSi imereTidan miRebu-

li weriliT yizlarSi gaiges, rom arqimandritma jer

kidev ver miaRwia daniSnulebis adgilamde cudi ami-

ndebisa da gzis gamo, maisSi ki cnobili gaxda, rom

arqimandriti mokles muslimanma aWarlebma2. 2 ivliss

podpolkovnki kopitovski ityobineboda, rom mas ose-

Tidan acnobes rom grigoli imereTis erT-erT sofe-

lSi mokles TaTrebma, xolo mis amalaSi myofi yvela

adamiani tyveebad waiyvanes. grigolis mokvlis ambavi

dazustda yizlarSi Casuli grigolis Zmis, diakvan

stefanes mier. man ganacxada, rom imereTSi isini miiRes

kargad da yvelafriT uzrunvelyves, magram ori kviris

Semdeg, misTvis ucnobi mizeziT grigoli gaemgzavra

Savi zRvis napirze gurielTan. mas Rame daesxnen TaT-

rebi3, arqimandriti mokles da misi qoneba gaitaces,

1 iqve. 2 Цагарели А., I, Грамоты..., т. I, c. 4. 3 1768 wlis 20 maisis moxsenebiT baraTSi potapovi ganmartavda,

TaTrebSi igulisxmebodnen muslimani aWarlebio. iqve laparakia

zogierTi tyvis gamosyidvis Sesaxeb aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikosis mier. maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 271.

solomon mefe 20 ivniss potapovs acnobebda: `magram Cveni cod-

567

Tanmxlebni ki tyveebad waasxes, gadarCa mxolod diak-

vani, romelmac moaswro tyeSi damalva. misTvis ucnobia

ra moilaparakes yizlarSi arqimandritisaTvis micemul

saidumlo davalabaTa Sesaxeb. rodesac imereTidan

saqarTveloSi (qarTli) gamoiara, TbilisSi inaxula

tyveobidan gamosyiduli ierodiakoni parfeni, romelic

arqimandrit grigolis amalaSi imyofeboda. misgan

gaigo, rom parfenis ganzraxuli hqonda solomonis na-

xva, romelmac ubrZana werilebis waReba. maTi miRebis-

Tanave is gaemgzavreboda yizlarSi1.

rogorc ganxiluli dokumentebidan Cans, rus

moxelesTan, potapovTan mimoweras mxolod sityvieri

da ara praqtikuli Sedegi mohqonda imereTis samefo-

saTvis. amitom solomon mefem gadawyvita uSualod

saimperatoro kars dakavSireboda. man, garkveuli dip-

lomatiuri subordinaciis dacviT, 20, 21 da 23 ivniss

dawera sami wrili. 20 ivnisisa gankuTvnili iyo yiz-

laris komendant potapovisaTvis, xolo 21 ivnisisa ki

ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris n. i. paninsaTvis.

mefe solomoni potapovs werda, rom Tavis warmoma-

dgenlad ruseTSi agzavnida yovlad samRvdelo quTa-

Tel mitropolit maqsimes2. imereTis mefe panins sTxo-

vda daxmareboda mis elCs, rom Seuferxeblad Casuliyo

peterburgSi da saimperatoro karisaTvis gadaeca Ta-

visi mefis Txovna3.

23 ivnisis werilis adresati iyo imperatrica eka-

terine II. solomon I-ma ekaterine II-s sTxova sami ram:

viT grigol arqimandriti anazdaTi gansacdeliT usjulo osma-lisagan damarcxda~. iqve, gv. 272.

1 iqve, gv. 270. 2 iqve, gv. 272. 3 iqve, gv. 274; Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, c. 18-19.

568

imereTis miReba ruseTis mfarvelobaSi: `pirvelad, ra-

Ta gamomiÃsna ucxoTeslTa, osmanTa, Ãelisgan da yov-

lad Zlieri Ãeli dasdva Cvenzeda da qveyanasa da ersa Cvensa~; Tu qveSevrdomoba ar moxerxdeboda, maSin ruse-

Tis mTavrobas imereTis TavdacvisaTvis mieca sesxi: `me-

ored: saxierebisa, wyalobisa da madlisaTvis, aqav gangvamtkicos yovlad mowyale Ãelmwifem saÃmarTa da SewevnaTa..., rom jaris micema SeviZloT da miT uZloT

winaaRdgomad osmanTa, ramTu Cven saÃmarTagan friad naklulevan varT~; Tu arc es moxerxdeboda maSin, os-

malebTan brZolaSi damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi, mogveci

TavSesafari ruseTSi: `mesamed: mterni Cvenni mahmadianni, osmanni, friad uZlieres Cvensa arian, ukeTu mowyale Ãelmwifem Segviwynaros saimperiosa Tavissa, viTar Seuwynarebian sxvani mefeni...~1 aseTive Sinaarsis werili

Caitana yizlarSi mitropolitma maqsimem 1768 wlis 4

oqtombers, ris Sesaxebac moaxsenebda komendanti saga-

reo saqmeTa komisias2.

1 Цагарели А., I, Грамоты..., т. I, c. 18-19; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 274-275.

2 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 281-283.

569

saqarTvelo da ruseT-osmaleTis

omi (1768-1774 ww.)

ruseT-osmaleTis winaaRmdegobam uaRles wertils

miaRwia. 1768 wlis 25 seqtembers osmaleTma omi gamo-

ucxada ruseTs. oms win uZRvoda ruseTis da safran-

geTis rTuli evropuli diplomatiuri TamaSi da reC

pospolitas politikuri krizisi. safrangeTisa da po-

loneTis intrigebiT osmaleTis sulTanma mustafa III-m

(1757-1774) omi gamoucxada ruseTs. osmaleTis mxares

ibrZodnen yirimis saxano da adriatikis zRvis sanapi-

roze mdebare dubrovecis respublika da ajanyebuli

poloneli konfederatebi. ruseTs TavianTi SeiaraRebu-

li ZaliT daexmarebodnen donis, Tergis, malorosiis

da zaporoJieli kazakebi. 1770 wels, ruseTis flotis

mxardaWeriT osmaleTis winaaRmdeg ajanydnen pelepone-

seli berZnebi, 1771 wels ki egvipte da siria.

ruseTis mTavrobam, rom jer kidev petre I-is dros

miapyo yuradReba dasavleT saqarTvelos, amis Sesaxeb

Tavis adgilas iTqva. mas Semdeg bevri ram Seicvala

Savi zRvispireTSi ruseTis sasargeblod. igi ukve mni-

Svnelovan Zalad iTvleboda regionSi. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare ruseTis mTavroba Seecdeboda ufro ener-

giulad gamoeyenebina saqarTvelo Tavisi samxedro miz-

nebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki Sav zRvasTan mdebare ime-

reTis samefo da misi vasalebi _ odiSisa da guriis

samTavroebi. es gaazrebuli hqondaT rogorc qarTvel,

ise rus politikosebsa da diplomatebs. ruseTs surda

omSi ara mxolod imereTi, aramed qarTl-kaxeTis same-

foc Caeba. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom ruseTSi

cnobili iyo solomon I-sa da erekle II-is mokavSire-

oba; icodnen erekles survili saqarTvelos daebru-

nebina mesxeTi, War-belqani da aRekveTa lekebis Tavdas-

570

xmebi. amis ganxorcielebis saSualeba mas eZleoda ru-

seT-osmaleTis omis dros ruseTis mxares dadgomiT.

ruseTis mTavrobam ganizraxa osmaleTisaTvis See-

tia erTdroulad ramdenime mimarTulebiT: erTi armia

Seutevda evropaSi, meore osmaleTis gavlenis qveS

myof yirimis saxanos, erTi korpusi _ saqarTvelodan,

meore ki _ yubanidan.

omis dawyebamde saqarTveloSi moxda mTeli rigi

movlenebisa, romlebic ruseTs saqarTvelosadmi inte-

ress uRviZebda. kerZod, angariSgasawevi iyo qarTvelTa

SeiaraRebuli Zala; ruseTSi cnobili iyo, rom imere-

Tis mefe solomon I-ma gamefebisTanave daiwyo omi Tu-

rqebis winaaRmdeg Tavisi mcire jariT, daaxloebiT 7

aTasi meomriT da mokrZalebuli finansebiT, daaxlo-

ebiT 10 aTasi rubliT1; icodnen qarTl-kaxeTis mefe

erekle II-is mier iranisagan damoukidebeli sagareo

politikis gatarebis Sesaxeb XVIII saukunis 60-ian wle-

bSi. ufro metic, erekles monawileoba omSi, garda misi

samxedro potenciisa, mniSvnelovani iyo imiTac, rom mas

SeeZlo garkveuli gavlena moexdina iranze da daem-

Svidebina Sahi, rom ruseTs Tavisi jaris saqarTveloSi

Semoyvanisas araviTari antiiranuli zraxvebi ar hqo-

nda; am dros ereklem iranis Sah qerim xanTan norma-

luri urTierToba daamyara Teimuraz II-is gardacva-

lebisa da qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefoebis gaerTia-

nebis Semdeg (ereklem qerim-xans 1763 wels gadasca

taxtis mocile azat-xani, romelic jer kidev 1760 wli-

dan hyavda tyveobaSi). madlierma qerim-xanma erekle qa-

1 Бутков П. Г., Материалы новой историй Кавказа с 1722 по 1803

год, С.-Петербург, 1869, с. 275.

571

rTl-kaxeTis mefed aRiara da amierkavkasiis xanebs ubr-

Zana damorCilebodnen erekle mefes1.

1768 wlis 30 noembers ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa

kolegiis xelmZRvanelma n. i paninma gaugzavna werili

solomon I-s2. masSi naTqvami iyo, rom imperatrica

ekaterine II yovelTvis keTilganwyobili iyo solomon

mefisa da imereTis mTeli mosaxleobis mimarT, magram

arsebuli viTareba ar aZlevda saSualebas daecva isini

mtris mier Seviwroebisagan. mizezi ki mdgomareobda

imaSi, rom vidre porta icavda ruseTTan zavs, ar Sei-

Zleboda masTan dadebuli `wminda~ traqtatebis dar-

Rveva. exla ki, rodesac Turqebma gamoucxades omi

ruseTs, moixsna dabrkoleba da dawyebuli omi aZlevs

saSualebas solomons, rom man moiSoros Tuqebis uRe-

li. osmaleTi veRar SeZlebs gaswios Zveleburi wina-

aRmdegoba. solomon I-is elCis mitropolit maqsimes

peterburgSi Casvlis Semdeg SemuSavebuli iqneba solo-

monis Turqebis winaaRmdeg omis gegma, romelSic gaT-

valiswinebuli iqneba ruseTis imereTis samefosadmi

samxedro daxmareba. panini Semdeg aRniSnavda, rom Tu

warmatebas miaRwevdnen, osmaleTs daamarcxebdnen, sam-

Svidobo traqtatSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda solo-

monis samefos interesebi. mocemul etapze ki, solomon

mefes unda Seekriba, rac SeiZleboda bevri jari da

Seetia mtrisaTvis, raTa mas ar hqoneboda Tavdacvis

saSualeba.

1 dumbaZe m., qarTl-kaxeTis gaTavisufleba iranis batonobisa-gan // sqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, gv. 631-632.

2 werili solomons Camoutana ruseTis oficerma, poruCikma

xvabulovma (qobulaSvilma) 1769 wlis 16 ianvars da gadasca

raWaSi. Бутков П. Г., Материалы..., c. 277.

572

werlSi gansakuTrebiT iyo dayenebuli sakiTxi

solomon mefis mier qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-is

mimxroba mtris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. rodesac Tur-

qebze mopovebuli iqneboda gamarjveba, maSin TavisTavad

gadaiWreboda saqarTvelos Semwuxebeli lekebis sakiT-

xic1.

imave dRes yizlaris komendants gaegzavna sagareo

saqmeTa komisiis brZaneba, rom mas dauyovnebliv gaeg-

zavna peterburgSi yizlarSi myofi mitropoliti maq-

sime, xolo misi amalis wevri arqimandriti erTi ofi-

cris TanxlebiT gaeSva imereTSi, raTa adgilze gac-

noboda mdgomareobas da waexalisebina qarTl-kaxeTis

mefe erekle II monawileoba mieRo omSi2.

1769 wlis 20 ianvars potapovma sagareo saqmeTa

kolegias moaxsena, rom 6 ianvars peterburgSi gaagzavna

mitropoliti maqsime, daajildova misi amalis wevri

arqimandriti da 14 ianvars is gaagzavna yizlaris qar-

TvelTa husarTa polkis poruCik Tavad grigori xva-

bulovTan (giorgi qobulaSvili) erTad imereTSi. Tavad

xvabulovs daevala imereTSi arsebuli mdgomareobis

Seswavla3.

8 marts maqsime Cavida peterburgSi. is daabinaves

sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis saxlSi4. xvabulovi Cavida

imereTSi 20 marts.

1 Бутков П.Г., Материалы..., c. 277; Цагарели А., I, Грамоты..., т. I,

c. 22-25; maWaraZe v., masalebi, naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 292-294. 2 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 292-294. imperatrica

ekaterine II volters swerda 1770 wlis 19 ianvars, rom qar-

Tvel mefeebs Soris erekle II miaCnda Wkvian, mamac da Zli-

er mefed. Бутков П.Г., Материалы..., c. 280. 3 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 296. 4 iqve, gv. 298.

573

Tavad g. xvabulovis Sesaxeb damatebiT vigebT ere-

kle II-is mier yizlaris komendantisaTvis gagzavnili

werilidan (30 aprili, 1769 weli). rodesac qarTl-kaxe-

Tis mefem Seityo, saqarTvelos sazRvarTan misuli xva-

bulovis Sesaxeb, romelic imperatoris brZanebiT ime-

reTis mefe solomonTan miemgzavreboda, mefe ereklem

dauyovnebliv masTan gagzavna erT-erTi Tavadi, raTa

Seferxebis gareSe mieyvana igi mefe solomonTan. safi-

qralia, rom erekles mier xvabulovisaTvis imereTSi

gayolil `kniazs~ davalebuli hqonda solomonTan gar-

kveuli molaparakebis warmoeba. amis Sedegad unda yo-

filiyo, rom imereTis mefem Tavisi `misando~ kacis xe-

liT erekles gaugzavna n. paninisa da Tavisi werilebi.

solomoni erekles sTavazobda Sexvedras qarTlis ro-

melime adgilas. amasTan dakavSirebiT erekl II yiz-la-

ris komendants swerda: àmas zedan dauvnebelad war-vgzavneT kaci solomon mefisadmi da viwvieT mobrZane-bad tfiliss. da vinaiTgan mefes solomons TÂsni saWi-robani da saxmarni saqmeni Sexudes, ama mizezTa ZliT drozed moslua daeyovna da nebiTa RvTisiTa, ama xuT-sa da anu equss dResa movals uiWvod~1. erekl poto-

povs hpirdeboda, rom mefeebis Sexvedras xvabulovic

daeswreboda da rodesac imer-ameris mefeebi garkveul

gadawyvetilebaze SeTanxmdebodnen, maSinve acnobebda

potapovs2. Tu ise moxdeboda, rom solomoni da erekle

ver Sexvdebodnen, maSin erekle Tavis mosazrebas weri-

lobiT gaugzavnida mas Tavis kurieris xeliT3.

14 marts mitropolitma maqsimem ruseTis mTavro-

bas warudgina moxsenebiTi baraTi dasavleT saqarTve-


574

los mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. bunebrivia, man upirvelesad

yuradReba miapyro ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis gansakuTre-

biT mniSvnelovan sakiTs, solomon pirvelisa da ere-

kle II-is urTierTobas. qarTveli mefeebi erTmaneTs

SeiaraRebuli ZaliT exmarebodnen mtrebis winaaRmdeg

brZolaSi. roca solomoni ebrZoda osmalebs, erekle

daexmara orjer saidumlod, xolo roca erekles gau-

Wirda solomoni cxadad daexmara orjer 9-9 aTasi

kaciT da Tavisi meTaurobiT, erTxel ki Tavisi Zma ar-

Cili daaxmara lekebis winaaRmdeg. solomon I-is siZ-

liere mocemuli periodisaTvis, mitropolitis gagebiT,

mdgomareobda imaSi, rom mas emorCilebodnen dasavleT

saqarTvelos mTavrebi _ gurieli da dadiani, raWis

erisTavi da yvela Tavadaznauri. mitropolitma yurad-

Rreba gaamaxvila dasavleT saqarTvelos sazRvrebze,

mis bunebriv da geografiul pirobebze, cixe-simagre-

ebsa da mcire qalaqebze, gzebze, jaris saxeobebsa da

SeiaraRebaze, maTi Sekrebis organizebasa, saSualebebze

da sxv. mas Semdeg rac mitropolitma maqsimem daas-

rula saubari ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis saintereso sa-

kiTxebze, gadavida im sakiTxebze, romlebic mis mefe

solomons gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda da risTvisac am

Soreuli qveynis dedaqalaqSi Cavida. kerZod, is werda:

1. ruseTis mTavrobam, rodesac imereTis samefo Zlieri

da marTlmadidebeli qveynis _ ruseTis mfarvelobaSi

moeqceva da mefe solomons xuTi aTasamde kacs Tavisi

aRWurvilobiT da saxarjo fuliT gaugzavnis, samxed-

ro TvalsazrisiT gadaiqceva Zlier samefod; 2. roca

solomoni da mis xalxi dainaxaven, rom Zlieri safar-

velis qveS arian, im cixeebs osmalebs rom aqvT dap-

yrobili, gaaTavisufleben, TviT osmaleTsac did zians

miyeneben da mis teritoriebsac daipyroben; 3. ekonomi-

urad gaZlierebuli solomon mefe im vals gadaixdis,

575

romelic mas daugrovdeba ruseTis mTavrobis mier

gaRebuli xarjebis saxiT; 4. xalxic rom dainaxavs

`didebulis Ãelmwifis maRals safarvelSi yofnas, Ta-visi modgmis mamacobas erTi-orad gamoiCens da usju-los Ãelis dahÃsnisaTvis maTis maRalis brZanebiT mte-rzed Tavis sisxlis daRvras ar dazogaven da maradis Ãelmwifis erTgulebazed mtkiced iqnebian~1.

1 iqve, gv, 299. mitropolit maqsimes moxsenebiTi baraTi rusulad

Targmna Tavadma anton mouravovma. es aris anton romanisZe

Tarxan-mouravi. rogorc is sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaSi wardge-

nil Tavis biografiaSi werda, misi ojaxi vaxtang VI-sTan erT-

ad gadasaxlda ruseTSi. romani 1738 wels miRebuli iqna samxed-

ro samsaxurSi kapitanis CiniT, magram imave wels daiRupa os-

maleTTan brZolaSi xotinTan.

antoni 1749 wels ganamweses 1731 wels daarsebul kadetad

saxmeleTo Sliaxtur korpusSi. 1753 wels imave korpusSi gaxda

kaprali da maSinve gadaiyvanes qarTul husarTa polkSi, 1755

wels daawinaures poruCikad, 1760 wels ki, kapitnad. ibrZoda

prusiis omSi. 1761 wels monawileobda pomeraniis qalaq kol-

bergis alyasa da aRebaSi. brZolebSi gamoCenili simamacisaTvis

general anSefma p. a. rumiancevma antoni waradgina kapitnobis

Semdgom wodebaze, ris damadasturebeli atestatic hqonda. mag-

ram imperatrica elisabed petres asulis gardacvalebis Semdeg

aRar daajildoves.

1764 wlis 17 Tebervals antoni, misive TxovniT, samxedro

samsaxuridan gadadga da dainiSna kolegiis asesorad (VIII kla-

sis moxele). is gaamweses q. opoCkis voevodis TanaSemwed, xolo

1768 wels sakonfiskacio kontoris wevrad. iqve, gv, 305-306. 1769 wlis 17 maiss antoni iniSneba saqarTvelos saqmeebSi sagangebo

rwmulebulad da ekaterine II-is 1769 wlis 17 maisis brZanebiT

mieniWa nadvorni sovetnikis (VII xarisxis moxele) wodeba da

solomon I-is elC mitropolit maqsimesTan erTad gamouSves

saqarTveloSi. mas misces sakmaod didi Tanxa _ 5500 rubli, ro-

melic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saxelmwifo interesebisaTvis mo-

576

19 maiss g. xvabulovi YTbilisSi Cavida da sai-

dumlod moaxsena mefe erekles Tavisi vizitis mizani.

ereklem yovelive didi kmayofilebiT moismina. 1769 wl-

is 20 maiss solomon I da erekle II SeTanxmdnen erTo-

bliv moqmedebasa da moskovSi elCis gagzavnaze. imave

dros cnobili gaxda, rom ruseTidan jars agzavnidnen

saqarTveloSi1.

rogorc p. g. butkovi werda, orive qarTveli mefe

yovelTvis, rodesac miiRebdnen cnobas ruseTis jaris

Turqebze gamarjvebis Sesaxeb, gamoxatavdnen did sixa-

ruls. xalxic eklesiebSi loculobda qristianuli

iaraRis urwmunoebze warmatebebisaTvis. erekles zogi-

erTi Tvadic mefis nebarTvis gareSe TavianTi xalxiT

iWrebodnen axalcixis safaSos provincia javaxeTSi, ik-

lebdnen da nadavliT brundebodnen2.

saWiro iyo SeTanxmeba imereTisken pirdapiri gzis

gayvanis Taobaze, raTa jarsa da tvirTs gadaadgileba

gaadvileboda. ereklesa da solomonis meored cxinval-

Si Sexvedrisas gadawyvites, rom erekle Tavis Tavze

iRebda jaris gadayvanisa tvirTebis gadazidvis da gzis

saxmarad, misces erTi wlis xelfasi winaswar da gzis xarjebi-

saTvis. iqve, gv. 328-329. ekaterine II solomon mefisaTvis gag-

zavnil sigelSi anton mouravovis, `namdvili qarTvelis~, ime-

reTis mefisaTvis mrCevlad gagzavnas seriozul politikur mni-

Svnelobas aniWebda, rom misi gagzavna imereTis mefis karze aR-

qmuli unda yofiliyo rogorc ruseTis xelmwifis qarTvelebi-

sadmi keTili zraxvebis sawindari. iqve, gv. 336.

anton mouravovma da mitropolitma maqsimem erTad

imgzavres yizlaramde. antonma elCi iq datova da TviTon

saqarTvelosken gamoeSura. 1 berZeniSvili n., XVIII s. saqarTvelos istoriidan, gv. 217. 2 Бутков П. Г., Материалы..., I, c. 279.

577

gawmendis simZimes Tergidan yazbegamde, kaiSauramde da

aragvamde1.

rodesac Tavadi xvabulovi yizlarSi brundeboda

solomon mefem mas gaayola Tavadi kvenixiZe, xolo

mefe ereklem Tavadi artemon andronikovi. maT graf

paninisaTvis unda moexsenebinaT: 1. Tu imperatrica ine-

bebs omis dawyebas iranis winaaRmdeg, erekle sixaru-

liT SeuerTdeboda; 2. frontze ruseTis warmatebebisas

ruseTis saimperatoro kars iranis mmarTvelisaTvis ec-

nobebina, rom eWvi ar Seetana erekles moqmedebaSi; 3.

saqarTveloSi mravladaa oqros, vercxlis da sxva mad-

neuli. damxmare jars gamoayolon ostatebi maT dasa-

muSaveblad2.

ekaterine II-is generali totlebeni saqarTveloSi

1769 w. agvistos damlevs generali gotlib kurt

hainrix totlebeni3 mcire samxedro korpusiT4, Semo-

vida darialis xeobiT qarTlSi, saidanac imereTSi

unda gadasuliyo. man erekle II-sTan TbilisSi gagzavna

Tavadi ratievi da SeuTvala, rom moemarTeboda 500

kaciani korpusiT da iTxovda nebarTvas, gaevlo mis qve-

yanaSi. rogorc TviTmxilveli da ambis monawile war-

1 Тамже. 2 Тамже. 3 totlebenis mokle biografia ix. Бутков П. Г., Материалы..., I,

c. 280. 4 totlebenis gankargulebaSi iyo: tomskis qveiTi polki,

karabinerTa 2 eskadroni, husarTa 2 eskadroni, 200 doneli

kazaki, 300 kamiki, savele artileriis 12 qvemexi maTi momsa-

xureebis CaTvliT. Тамже, c. 280-281.

578

moSobiT frangi ruseTis oficeri, de grai de fua

werda, totlebeni `mtknar tyuils ambobda vinaidan asormocdaaT kacze meti ar hyavda, xolo remennikovs, romelic jer ar mosuliyo, Tavis gankargulebaSi mxo-lod samasi kaci hyavda~1.

erekle mefe TviTon gaemarTa totlebenis Sesaxve-

drad. Sexvedra Sedga ananurSi2. rusma sardalma impera-

toris saxeliT mimarTa sami TxovnT: 1. mefes gaeta-

rebina rusebi Tavis samflobeloebze wasasvlelad, ra-

Ta SeerTeboda mefe solomons Turqebis winaaRmdeg sa-

omrad; 2. erekle daxmareboda maT xelmisawvdom fase-

bSi SeeZinaT sakvebi adamianebisa cxenebisaTvis; 3. `da-valebuli maqvs SegekiTxoT, xom ar isurvebdiT Seu-kavSirdeT ruseTis imperators da masTan erToblivad SeutioT Tqvens mezoblad myof Turqebs. vimedovneb, rom Cven maT iolad gavdevniT am qveynidan da yvela gamarjveba, romelsac movixveWT Tqven mogekuTvnebaT~3.

erekle mefem totlebenis saTxovarze gasca pasu-

xebi, saidanc gamoCnda misi frTxili diplomatia, maq-

simalurad gamoeyenebina ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zala

Tavisi samefos interesebisaTvis. man maSinve ganacxada

Tanxmoba Seuferxeblad gaevloT rusebs mis samflobe-

loebze. meore sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gamoTqmul mosa-

zrebaSi gamoCnda misi survili ar gaeSva rusebi ime-

1 de grai de fua saqarTvelos Sesaxeb / frangulidan Targ-

mna, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi jumber odiSelisa, Tbilisi, 1985, gv. 39.

2 qarTuli diplomatiuri etiketis Sesaswavlad friad sa-

interesoa frangi damkvirveblis mier aRwerili erekle

mefisa da rusi generlis Sexvedra. iqve, gv. 40. agreTve,

erekle mefis saubari imave frangTan, iqve, gv. 50-51. 3 iqve, gv. 41-42.

579

reTis samefoSi, sadac misi TqmiT iyo didi ekonomikuri

gaWirveba. magram totlebeni Tu mainc ar daiSlida da

gadavidoda imereTSi da sakuTari TvaliT dainaxavda iq

arsebul viTarebas, `Tqven mxolod iTxoveT da me

mogarTmevT yvelafers, rasac moisurvebT. Tu Tqven Cemi

winaswarmetyvelebisamebr, iZulebuli gaxdebiT dabrun-

deT, maSin me gavcem gankargulebas, rom yvelaferi

mogyidon zonier fasebSi da davweseb fass, romelsac

Tqven TviTon mikarnaxebT~.

rac Seexeboda mesame Txovnas Turqebis winaaRmdeg

omSi misi Cabmis Sesaxeb, ereklem maSinve ar upasuxa,

mxolod Tqva, rom es faqizi sakiTxia da garkveuli

drois Semdeg visaubroTo1.

totlebeni ukmayofilo darCa erekles pasuxiT mis

mesame Txovnaze. rogorc de grei de fua aRniSnavda:

`mas egona, rom saqme eqneboda masaviT aCqarebul

kacTan, romelic miiRebda mis winadadeba da mis gan-

xorcielebasac umalve Seudgeboda. erekle ki fiqro-

bda, rom da ar surda etvirTa raime, vidre piradad ar

vixilavdiT, rom solomoni daiZra Tavis qveynidan Cvens

mxarSi amosadgomad~2.

mesame dRes, ramdenjerme TaTbiris dros gairkva,

rom erekle Tanaxma iyo gamoecxadebina omi Turqebi-

saTvis, mxolod im pirobiT, rom imperators misTvis

piradad moewera da eTxova, gamoegzavna 8 aTasi arti-

leriiT kargad aRWurvili mebrZoli. gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovani iyo erekles moTxovna, rom omis dros

mopovebuli yvela gamarjveba mikuTvneboda mxolod mas,

erekles3.

1 iqve, gv. 41-42. 2 iqve, gv. 43. 3 iqve.

580

erekle mefis totlebenTan molaparakebis ZiriTa-

di sakiTxebi, rogorc erT-erTi dokumentidan Cans,

mefes winaswar SeTanxmebuli hqonda ruseTis mTavroba-

sTan. 1769 wlis 19 maiss erekle swerda yizlaris ko-

mendants g.-l. potapovs, rom mefe solomonTan werliT

Camovida grigori xvabulovi (qobulaSvili). solomonma

werili imave xvabulovis xeliT gaugzavna erekles. 10

seqtembers, ereklem xvabulovi gagzavna solomonTan da

TavisTan miiwvia. vidre xvabulovi solomons eaxle-

boda, manamde, 15 maiss ereklem miiRo solomonis

werili, romelSic aRuTqvamda, rom dauyovnebliv Camo-

vidoda masTan. rogorc erekle potapovs 19 maiss ac-

nobebda, mouTmenlad elodeboda solomonTan Sexved-

ras. magram Tu solomons raime gauTvaliswinebeli Sem-

Txveva SeuSlida xels da qarTlSi droulad ver Camo-

vidoda, maSin Tavis kacs gaagzavnida ruseTSi da Tavis

da solomonis mosazrebebs acnobebda mTavrobas. erek-

le werils amTavrebs Tavisi, solomonisa da mTeli

saqarTvelos sixarulis gamoxatviT erTmorwmune da

yovladmowyale xelmwifisaTvis samsaxuris saSualeba

rom eZleodaT.1

SedarebiT vrclad erekle mefisa da totlebenis

molaparakebis Sesaxeb vecnobiT 1769 wlis 4 seqtembers

erekle mefis ekaterine II-isaTvis gagzavnil werilSi.

erekle kmayofilebas gamoxatavda totlebenis mier

gadacemuli imperatricas zepirad danabarebis gamo,

rom Tavs daesxas mtruli TurqeTis olqebs da sanac-

vlod ruseTi mfarvelobaSi miiRebda. erekle mefe im-

peratricas acnobebda, rom solomon mefem miiRo n. i.

paninis werili da amis Sesaxeb qarTl-kaxeTis mefes

1 Цагарели А., I, Грамоты..., т. I, c. 420; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 330.

581

acnoba, riTac xazs usvamda ori qarTveli mefis

saerTo pozicias ruseTis saxelmwifos mimarT. erekle

mefe imedovnebda, rom imperatrica nebas darTavda

ruseTis osmaleTTan mTeli omis msvlelobaSi mieRo

monawileoba, xolo omis dsrulebis Semdeg samudamod

yofiliyo misi mfarvelobis qveS (`CuÀn mSvidobiT Ta-

nadaculni viyuneT saukunod~)1. imave dRes erekle

mefem n. i. paninsac gaugzavna pasuxi mis werilze da

gamoTqva mzadyofna Turqebis winaaRmdeg omSi monawi-

leobis miRebaze2.

1769 wlis 19 seqtembers ekaterine II-m astraxanis

gubernator general beketovs gaugzavna wyalobis si-

geli, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom erekles, solo-

monis, kacia dadianis da sxva mTavrebis (isini vinc

mzadyofnas acxadeben rusebTan erTad mieRoT monawi-

leoba otomanis portas winaaRmdeg omSi), warmomad-

genlebi Tu Cavidodnen yizlarsa da astraxanSi, Seu-

ferxeblad gaeSvaT peterburgisken. reskripti Seicavda

mniSvnelovan cnobebs dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebu-

li politikuri viTarebis Sesaxeb da iqve Cans rusuli

diplomatiis TvalTmaqcoba, romlisTvisac yvelaferze

maRla idga ruseTis saxelmwifos interesebi.

ekaterine II werda, rom rogorc solomon mefis

warmomadgenels, Tavad kvinixaZes yizlaris komendant

potapovisaTvis ganucxadebia, dadianis samflobeloebi

winaT imereTis mefis qveSevrdomobaSi iyo, amitom ime-

reTis mefe iTxovda dasaxelebuli samTavro kvlav mis

morCilebaSi yofiliyo. amasTan erTad solomon mefe

iTxovda, rom peterburgSi saimperatoro kars ar mieRo

dadianis werilebi da warmomadgenlebi. rogorc Cans,

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 413. 2 iqve, gv. 413.

582

solomonis mdivanbegsa da diplomats, daviT kvinixaZes

arc imis Tqma daaviwyda, rom kacia dadiani erekle I-is

siZe iyo da cdilobda Tavis warmomadgenli gaegzavna

peterburgSi, magram erekle ar uWerda mxars da momxre

iyo misi siZe, odiSis mTavari, damorCileboda mefe so-

lomons1.

rogorc solomon mefis elCis mier imperatrica-

sTvis wardgenili moxsenebidan Canda, erekle I, kacia

dadianTan naTesaobis miuxedavad, qveynis interesebis

gaTvaliswinebiTa da politikuri mosazrebiT, solomon

mefes uWerda mxars2. magram moRweuli istoriuli cno-

bebidan, romlebsac mogvianebiT gavecnobiT, viciT mas

Semdeg rac solomon mefem realuri nabijebi gadadga

odiSis samTavros damorCilebisaTvis, es momenti gark-

veuli drois ganmavlobaSi solomonsa da erekles So-

1 iqve, gv., 424. 2 a. mouravovi 1769 wlis 12 oqtombers swerda garf n. i.

panins, rom rogorc saimedo adamanebisgan Sevitye gurieli

da dadiani arc Tu iseTi mamaci mebrZolebi arian,

rogorc solomoni. magram dadians ufro meti

samflobeloebi aqvs, vidre solomons. maT exmarebian

Turqebi solomonis winaaRmdeg da cdiloben, rom mefem ar

dajabnos isini. rogorc SevamCnie qarTl-kaxeTis mefe

ereklec dadians uWers mxars, radgan misi coli,

dedofali darejani dadianis biZaSvilia. dedofalma mec

momwera, rom dadiani TviTon miva totlebenTan, rodesac

is imereTSi Seva. mec mqonda ganzraxva mimewera dadianisa

da gurielisaTvis, raTa CemTvis moecaT neba mivsuliyavi

maTTan, magram solomonma ar gamiSva da gamomicxada, rom

araviTari azri ara aqvs maTTan molaparakebas, raTa

Turqebis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen, umjobesi iqneba maTi

naxva sxva droisTvis gadasdoo. iqve, gv. 434; Цагарели А., I,

Грамоты т. I, c. 75.

583

ris daZabulobis mTavari mizezi gaxda. qarTl-kaxeTis

samefo ojaxi odiSis samTavros damoukideblobas uWer-

da mxars. maSasadame, imereTis mefis elCis gancxadeba

peterburgSi ufro sasurvelis realobad warmoCenis

surviliT iyo ganpirobebuli. aqve unda iTqvas agreTve,

rom saimperio karic ar iyo momxre samTavros damor-

Cileboda imereTis mefes.

imperatricam astraxanis gubernators, beketovs da-

ufaravad gaumxila Tavis damokidebuleba da gegmebi

odiSis samTavros Sesaxeb. mas miaCnda, rom mimdinare

omis dros samegrelos mTavari SeiZleboda ruseTis

interesebisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT. kacia dadiani Seecde-

boda peterburgidan mxardaWeriT gaTavisuflebuliyo

imereTis mefeebis pretenziebisgan. imereTis mefe solo-

moni susti iyo da raime gadawyvetilebas adgilobriv

TavadebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe ver iRebda. samegrelos

samTavros mdebareoba Sav zRvasTan, Zalian moxerxe-

buli iyo. misi mTavrisadmi saimperatoro karis keTil-

ganwyoba Zalian mniSvnelovani iqneboda. amitom dadi-

anis warmomadgeneli, solomon mefis sawinaaRmdego po-

ziciis miuxedavad, saimperatoro karze unda mieRoT.

rogorc imperatrica fiqrobda, SemdgomSi gairkvevoda,

ramdenad emTxveoda erTmaneTs solomon mefis,

samegrelos mTavrisa da, saerTod, saqarTvelos intere-

sebi1. imperatricas poziciidan amjerad da SemdgomSic

mravaljer gamoCnda, rom ruseTis mTavroba mzad iyo

rodesac saWirod CaTvlida, angariSi ar gaewia solo-

monisa da erekles samefoebis poziciisaTvis ama Tu im

sakiTxSi.

Tavad mouravovis graf paninisadmi gagzavnili we-

rilidan vigebT, rom 26 seqtembers totlebeni imereTis

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 424-425.

584

sazRvarTan, md. suramulas Senakd kortoxTan, meore

dRes Sexvda iq misul solomon mefes Tavis Zma kaTa-

likos iosebTan da 100 imerelTan erTad. totlebenma

mefes gadasca imperatricas werili. 28 oqtombers tot-

lebenma solomons moaxsena, rom gamogzavnilia, raTa

yvela imereTis mefis yvela qveSevrdomi mas daumor-

Cilos, Turqebi gaaZevos imereTidan da solomoni sru-

liad imereTis mflobeli gaxados. magram amis gakeTeba

Tu ver moxerxdeba, maSin is da mTeli misi gvari wai-

yvanos ruseTSi, sadac miiReben ise, rogorc mis samefo

Rirsebas Sehferis. amis Semdeg totlebeni, solomonis

TanxmobiT masTan erTad wavida Soropnis simagrisken,

sadac mividnen 3 oqtombers. cixis garnizonSi imyofe-

boda 23 Turqi da TavSefarebuli mosaxleoba. solo-

monma Turqebs SeuTvala: Tu isini nebiT datovebdnen

cixes, yovelgvari vnebis gareSe gauSvebda maT iq,

sadac ki isurvebdnen. Turqebma uari Tqves danebebaze.

amasobaSi solomons acnobes, rom kacia dadiani 4 aTasi

imereliT da 4 aTasi TurqiT mis samflobelos aoxreb-

da da xalxs atyvevebda. man totlebenis banakSi datova

kaTalikosi, TviTon ki dauyovnebliv wavida Tavis Tan-

mxleblebTan erTad. solomonma brZanebebi daagzavna da

Tavis qveSebrdomebs mouwoda SeerTebodnen. mas hyavda

300 lekic, romlebic unda gamoeyenebina raWis erisTa-

vis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. wasvlis win solomonma tot-

lebens daubara, rom aeRo Sorapnis cixe1. magram rusma

sardalma 13 oqtombers Sorapnis cixe miatova da qar-

TlSi dabrunda. SemdegSi (15 oqtomberi) solomon mefe

totlebens swerda: `Cven rom mand giaxeliT, Cveni mamuli ise waetyvena (dadians _ e.m.) Svidas [kacamde] tyve afxazisaTvis mieca da Cvenc dRes [saomrad pirSid]

1 iqve, gv. 430-431..

585

gvidgia da ver gamoveqec da Tqvens samsaxurs amisTvis davSordi~-o1.

solomon mefem totlebenis Sorapnis cixesTan mo-

Ralaturi saqcielis Sesaxeb vrclad moaxsena graf n.

i. panins 1770 wlis 10 Tebervlis werilSi. osmalebs

imereTSi romeli cixeebic ukaviaT, yvelas gavaTavisuf-

lebdiT Tqvens sardals cota rom daecada Cems dabru-

nebamde, magram qarTlSi gadavida. miuxedavad imisa, rom

vexvewe, mainc aRar dabrundao2. meore dRes solomon

mefem aseTive Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna ekaterine II-s3.

oqtombris bolos totlebenis razmi cxinvalSi

gaCerda. imis gamo rom jaris naklebobas grZnobda,

ruseTis sardali mozdokSi gadavida da damatebiTi

jari Camoiyvana da ruseTis jaris saerTo raodenoba

1228 kacamde gaizarda. TebervalSi misma raodenobam

2093-s miaRwia4.

totlebenma jaris erTi nawili cxinvalSi dato-

va, danarCeni gorSi gadaiyvana. arsebuli masalebiT Zne-

lia gavarkvioT, grafma totlebenma rusTa razmi gorSi

ereklesTan SeTanxmebiT, Tu misTvis Cveuli TviTne-

bobiT Caayena. saqarTveloSi totlebenis moqmedebas

zogadad Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin ufro meore mome-

nti unda vigulisxmoT. marTlac, imave wlis 21 dekem-

bers igi ereklesaTvis gagzavnil werilSi cdilobda

aexsna, Tu ratom Caayena imereTidan gadmosulma tot-

lebenma mis samflobeloebSi, kerZod gorsa da cxin-

valSi, ruseTis jari.

1 iqve, gv. 436. 2 iqve, gv. 529-531. 3 iqve, gv. 531-532. 4 maWaraZe v., aspinZis brZola, gv. 50.

586

1769 wlis bolos erekle II-m miiRo axalcixis va-

lis nahamanis werili, romelSic, sruliad gasagebi

mizezebis gamo, uaryofiTad iyo Sefasebuli erekles

da solomonis urTierToba ruseTTan. nahamani erekles

Seaxsenebda im `Zmobasa da megobrobas~, romelic tra-

diculad arsebobda osmaleTis saxelmwifosa da saqar-

Tvelos Soris. gansakuTrebul ukmayofilebas gamoTq-

vamda solomon mefis misamarTiT, romelmac daiviwya

yvela is sikeTe, romelic mas rom miuRia osmalebi-

sagan. `magram eseni daiviwya da gulSi Cadebuli or-

guloba, siave, sifinTe, Ralati, muxanaToba da haram-

zadoba gamoacxada. moskovs urjuloebTan... solomons kaci gaugzavnia im urjuloebTan da ramdenime asi kaci mouyvaninebia, rom Tqven orisav dovlaTisagan marT-

ladsarwmunod da miandod did gvarobazed cnobil xarT, Tqvenis miwidam rom is usjuloebi Tqvens Seut-

yobrad da uneburad gardmosul iyvnen, _ es xom ar ieWveba, xuTsa da aTs dResa Tqvens qveyanaSi uvliaT. amas ukan imereTs gadasulan. Ãelmwifis cixeebisagan Sarapnis saxelobiT cixes ramdenime dRes Semodgo-

modnen, R~s wyalobiTa da Ãelmwifis bednierobiT, ver eqnaT ra... solomonis viTareba SeetyoT da isev ukanve dabrunebul iyvnen Tavisav saZagelis miwisaken. ukan dabrunebaSi axla Tqvens miwaze damdgaran da gvikvirs amisTana saqneli saqme~1. marTalia, ixtibars ar itexda

axalcixis vali, magram sruliad gasagebia osmaleTis

mTavrobis SeSfoTeba ruseTis jaris, Tundac SezRudu-

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. II, вып. I, с. 16; cincaZe i., XVIII saukunis ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriis

arqividan // masalebi kavkasiisa da saqarTvelos

istoriisaTvis, XXXII, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 123, 124; maWaraZe v.,

masalebi... naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 461.

587

li kontigentis, saqarTveloSi yofnis gamo. isic naTe-

lia, rom porta sakmaod informirebuli iyo orive sa-

mefoSi mimdinare ambebis irgvliv.

totlebenis Cauxedaoba saqarTvelos saSinao saq-

meebSi mis mier osmaleTis samxedro potencialis Se-

ufasebloba, misi TviTdajereba akvirvebda erekle II-s.

1769 wlis 7 dekembers mefe erekle swerda totlebens:

`Tqven mciredi jari geTxovnaT CvenTvis, Cven es [v]uwyiT: ase mciredis jariT mters veras umterebT. amisTvis aq dagpatiJeT, or-sam dRes maslaaTi vnaxoT da, romelic yovlad mowyalis Ãelmwifis samsaxuris samjobinari iyos, is gamovarCioT. axla kvalad meoreT gpatiJebT am mizezisaTvis~. werilidan ar Cans, sad

imyofeboda ruseTis sardali. amitom erekle mefe,

rodesac mas TbilisSi epatiJeboda, imasac urCevda, rom

qveyanasac gaicnobda. mefe imasac iTvaliswinebs da

pirdapir eubneboda totlebens, rom SeiZleba mas jaris

gareSe gadaadgileba uWirs (SeiZleboda eSinoda, magram

erekle amas pirdapir ar eubneboda, magram mianiSnebda).

iqneb jobdes im damatebiT jars daelodoT romelsac

moeliTo. `Tu Tqven jars ver gaeyrebodeT, swrafaT gvacodineT, Cven wamovalT, an gorsa an imis axlo movalT da iq SeviyarneT... Cven vgonebT, uCvenoT Tqve-ngan mterze misvla axla ara sjobdes amisTvis, rome-lic ukan momavali jari aRgiTqvamsT, Cvenica da Tqve-nic molodini is aris~1.

winaaRmdegoba ereklesa da totlebens Soris dRi-

TidRe izrdeboda. 13 dekembers sardalma gaugzavna

werili erekles, romlidanc Cans, rom man upasuxa

mefis 7 dekembris werilze da acnobebda, rom ar See-

Zlo TbilisSi Casvla, radgan gadaudebeli saqmis gamo

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi... naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 465-466.

588

apirebda sxvagan wasvlas, magram ar acnobebda kon-

kretulad, sad midioda. amis gamo erekle sayvedu-

robda: `yovelgvari wesierebiT Tqven, imyofebiT ra Cvens qveyanebSi (erekle gulisxmobs saqarTvelos orive samefos da samTavroebs _ e.m.), mgonia valdebuli xarT gvacnoboT, wasvlas sad fiqrobT... didi surviliT da-velodebiT Tqvens gulwrfel pasuxs~. erekles saWirod

miaCnda erTmaneTis Sexvedra da molaparakeba, radgan

mxolod werilebiT ver gadawydeboda yvela saqme. ami-

tom is saWirod Tvlida totlebenis Casvlas TbilisSi.

mefe yuradRebas amaxvilebda im gansakuTrebiT mtkivne-

ul sakiTxze, romelic dauyenebia totlebens erek-

lesTvis gagzavnil werilSi: `Tqvens bolo werilSi ambobT, rom mcire drois Semdeg Tqveni xalxi mTli-anad gaaTavisuflebs saqarTvelos, ris gamoc friad gakvirvebuli varT! Tu Tqveni udidebulesoba wava mtr-is winaaRmdeg, maSin yvela Cveni qveyana aivseba misi udidebulesobis [ekaterines] mravalricxovani jariT... Tu Tqveni aRmatebuleba Cveni gulwrfeli megobaria, rogoradac migvaCnixarT, gTxovT gagvarkvioT am punq-tSi~1. savaraudoa, totlebeni erekle mefisadmi ukmayo-

filebas zepirad avrcelebda, rac ereklemde, Secvli-

li SinaarsiT aRwevda, daZabuloba kidev ufro izrde-

boda da mis mizezebs kidev ufro gaugebars xdida.

amitom erekle mefe 22 dekembers totlebens swerda:

`Tqvens brwyinvalebas Tu aqamdin Cvengan swyenodes rame anu amis SemdgomaT ewyinos rame, Tqvenis megob-robis siyvarulisagan viTxov, rom weriliT gamogvi-cxadoT~2.

1 iqve, gv. 469. 2 iqve, gv. 490.

589

16 dekembers ekaterine II-em erekle II-es gamoug-

zavna sigeli, romliTac atyobiebda, rom TurqeTma daa-

rRvia zavi da ruseTi iZulebulia iomos. radgan winaT

saqarTvelo ar monawileobda ruseT-TurqeTis omebSi,

amitom ar SeeZlo ruseTs TurqeTisagan moeTxova raime

sasargeblo saqarTvelosaTvis. exla ekaterine iwvevs

maT monawileoba miiRon omSi da hpirdeba, rom TurqeT-

Tan zavis dadebis dros xelSekrulebaSi CarTavs sa-

qarTvelos sasargeblo pirobebs. imperatrica hpirdeba

mefe erekles, rom qarTvelebi romel teritoriasac

daipyroben, daumtkicdebaT igi TavianTi sazRvrebis

usafrTxoebisaTvis1.

imave ricxvSia graf paninis werili a. mouravovi-

saTvis, romelsac umTavres amocanad uyenebs qarTve-

lebis mier portis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebisaTvis waxa-

lisebas. am mizniT dainiSna igi erekle mefis mrCe-

velad; ruseTis mTavrobam erekles dasaxmareblad gamo-

hyo 50 aTasi rubli, romlidan sxvadasxva raodenobis

Tanxas, saWiroebisa da Tavisi Sexedulebis mixedviT,

mouravovi gadascems qarTl-kaxeTis mefes. sayurdReboa

paninis SeTavazeba ereklesadmi: man iranis mTavrobas

acnobos, rom mimdinare omi safrTxes ar uqmnis da

mSvidad iyvnen.

paninma imave dRes erekle mefesac gaugzavna we-

rili, romelSic SeSfoTebas gamosTqvamda im uTanx-

moebis gamo, romelic arsebobda solomon I-sa da ime-

reTis mTavrebsa da didebulebs Soris. Cans, rom

ruseTis mTavroba cdilobda gaeaqtiurebina erekle me-

fe, raTa is Careuliyo imereTis saqmeebSi da iqaurebi

daerazma osmaleTis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. panini

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 77-78; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 473.

590

ulocavda erekle II-s da solomon I-s ekaterine II-is

mier mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis ordenebiT da-

jildoebis Sesaxeb1.

erekle mefes aucileblad miaCnda osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg omSi solomon mefisa da dadianis monawileoba.

magram maT Soris dapirispirebas bolo ar uCanda. ami-

tom is totlebens sTxovda Tavisi romelime oficeri

gaegzavna imereTSi da isini Seerigebina2. magram ru-

seTis generlis moqmedeba saeWvos xdida, rom is dain-

teresebuli iyo mrfisa da dadianis SerigebiT.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa eWvebiTa da undoblo-

bis seniT Sepyrobili totlebenis werilebi gagzavnili

peterburgSi, romlebSic is daasmenda saqarTvelos

mefeebs da zogierT rus oficers. is gansakuTrebul

mtrobas avlenda a. mouravovis mimarT, romelic misi

gagebiT iyo «излишеством грузинец... всегда пользу своих

однородцов предпочитал». a. mouravovi eqomageboda solo-

monsa da erekles, ris gamoc imsaxurebda totlebenis

risxvas. araerTxel miswera ruseTis mTavrobas im ga-

saWiris Sesaxeb romelic sufevda imereTSi, rom solo-

mons ar SeeZlo mis teritoriaze gadasuli ruseTis

razmebis gamokveba. totlebeni brals sdebda solomon

mefes, imis gamo, rom mis samflobeloebs iklebda kacia

dadianisa da Turqebis razmebi, is Soropnidan wavida

momxvdurTa gasaZeveblad; ruseTis sardali ar iwo-

nebda samefos gaerTianebisaTvis solomonis mier gata-

rebul RonisZiebebs da sxv.

totlebens pretenziebi hqonda erekles mimarT, ra-

zec exla ar gavamaxvileb yuradRebas. saqarTvelos

`megobar~ totlebens dauSveblad miaCnda artileriis

1 iqve, gv. 477, 480-481. 2 iqve, gv. 491-493.

591

podpolkovniki simon Colakaevi (Colokaev, Coloya-

Svili) erekles da mis mebrZolebs mortirebis, haubi-

cebisa da qvemexebis lafetebze dadgmas rom aswavlida,

radgan qarTvelebisaTvis aseTi SeiaraRebis qona, rusi

sardlis gagebiT, ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTis saxelmwi-

foebriv interesebs1. totlebeni moiTxovda ruseTis

mTavrobas saqarTvelodan gaewvia yvela qarTuli war-

moSobis is oficrebi, romlebic, rogorc irkveva, cdi-

lobdnen daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos, rac Zalian kar-

gad Cans 1769-1770 wlebis erT dokumentSi, romelSic

Tavmoyrilia totlebenis saCivris werilebidan amonari-

debi2.

erekle II-is mier 60-ani wlebis meore naxevarSi

gatarebulo sagareo politikis angariSi mocemulia a.

mouravovisaTvis gagzavnil 1770 wlis 2 ianvris weri-

1 1770 wli 21 Tebervals totlebenma muraviovs ubrZana dae-

patimrebina Tavadi Colokaevi da masTan gadaegzavna. iqve,

gv. 537. rodesac erekle mefem Seityo ColoyaSvilis dapa-

timrebis Sesaxeb, maSinve scada gaerkvia, ratom ukrZalav-

da totlebeni dapatimrebuls qarTvelebisaTvis zarbazne-

bis Camosxmas, maSin rodesac mas msgavsi araferi gaukeTe-

bia, miTumetes, rom arsebobda imperatricas nebarTva amis

Taobaze. erekle imis Sesaxebac acnobebda, rom mas iranSi

namsaxurebi Tavis mezarbazne hyavda. iqve, gv. 537. ereklem

aseTive werili gaugzavna totlebens 10 marts. iqve, gv. 540. 2 iqve, gv. 504-510. am mxriv sainteresoa, agreTve, gv. 210-219.

totlebenma SemdegSi podpolkovnikebze _ ratievze, Colo-

kaevsa da poruCik degralze (de grai de fua) gamoacxada

Zebna mTel saqarTveloSi, im pirobiT, rom vinc Zebnilebs

cocxlebs miiyvanda jildod miiRebda 1 aTas Cervonecs,

xolo mkvdrebze ki 1 aTas rubls. totlebenis amgvari

gadawyvetilebis gamo erekle II didad iyo gaocebuli.

Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 110.

592

lSi: mefe Tavis laSqrobas `yarsis qveyanaze da baiaze-

Tis mxareze~ imiT amarTlebs, rom miiRo ruseTis

xelmwifis `braZanebiT wyaloba~, romlis mixedviTac

mefes unda ganecxadebina osmaleTis mimarT mtroba. qa-

rTvelebisa da mcirericxovani lekebis jariT aklebul

iqna osmalTa mravali sofeli da eli, moikla da dat-

yvevda mravali (3 aTasamde) adamiani _ qristianic da

TaTaric. qristianebi dautyvevebiaT lekebis moTxovniT,

magram SemdegSi yvela tyve ereklem gaaTavisuflebina.

am warmatebuli laSqrobis mizezebis gasarkvevad Tbi-

lisSi Cavidnen axalcixis faSas gamogzavnili despa-

nebi, romlebic `SeuracxebiT da upatiod~ gauyriaT.

gansxvavebuli (mSvidobiani) damokidebuleba hqonda

samefo kars iranTan, radgan, rogorc erekle ganmar-

tavda, `ruseTsa da sparseTSi Serigeba da mSvidoba aris~.

baiazeTis samxreTiT mravali qristiani somexi

cxovrobda. maT, icodnen ra osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

omisaTvis samzadisis Sesaxeb, erekles sTxovdnen, mo-

nawileoba mieRoT omSi. daRestneli xunZebis batonma,

romelic erekles Semorigebuli hyavda da jamagirsac

aZlevda, kaci gamougzavna sakiTxavad: osmalebma dami-

bares, wavide Tu arao? ereklem dauSala da impe-

ratricas wyaloba aRuTqva. amis Semdeg mefes imedi

hqonda, rom qarTul-rusuli saqmis winaaRmdeg xunZaye-

lebi aRar gamovidodnen.

aRmosavleT amierkavkasiis saxanoebi erTmaneTis

mtrebi iyvnen da amdenaT maTgan raime saSiSroeba mosa-

lodneli ar iyo. ase sjeroda erekle mefes.

erekle mefe a. mouravovs arafers swerda, radgan

darwmunebuli iyo, rom iqauri ambebi man zedmiwevniT

icoda.

593

mefe varaudobda, rom rodesac totlebens mozdo-

gidan damatebiTi jari mouvidoda, win aRaraferi daud-

geboda da daiwyeboda osmaleTis sawinaaRmdego kampa-

nia.

rogorc Cans, erekle meorem yovelive kargaT

icoda rac xdeboda da rogori ganwyobileba sufevda

saqarTvelos samezobloSi, magram jer kidev ver ga-

erkvia, ras moimoqmedebda ruseTis mTavroba. erekle a.

mouravovs swerda: àTi Tve iqneba kniaz grigoli qo-bulovi poruCiki mosula Cvens qveyanaSi da misis didebulebisagan, rom wyalobiT am qveyanas bZaneba mo-itana, rom urjuloT osmalT, rac SegveZlos, mteroba uCvenoT, Cven amisi pasuxi maRal kars damorCilebiT mravaljer movaxsenenT da jereT imisi [magie]ri ambavi rom ara mogvsvlia ra, am qveynisa da sxva qveynis qristianebi dids mwuxarebaS[i] arian, magram Cven gvrwams: rogoraTac misis didebulebis Cvendamo bZaneba weriliT, Tu zepir yvela aRsruldeba~1.

solomon I-ma Seityo, rom cxinvalSi myof totle-

bens ganzraxuli hqonda axalcixis dasalaSqrad wasv-

la. 1770 wlis 10 Tebervals man rus sardals gaugzavna

werili, romelSic sayvedurobda, imis gamo, rom man

solomoni miatova, miuxedavad imisa, rom imperatricam

pirveli rigis amocanad imereTis samefos dacva da-

avala: àmas moveliT, uovlad mowyalis xelmwifisagan da Tqvenganac, rom jer rogorc brZaneba yovlad mowyalis xelmwifisagan Cven qveyanazed aris, ise gaarigoT da mermeT, rogorc gvibrZanebT, Cvenc giaxle-biT~2.

1 iqve, gv. 520-522. 2 iqve, gv. 536.

594

totlebenma solomons ki aRar mimarTa igive moT-

xovniT, aramed mis Zmas kaTalikoss SeuTvala, imereTis

mefe wahyoloda axalcixeSi. amjeradac xelis SemSle-

lad dadiani da Turqebi gamovidnen. maT afxazebis dax-

marebis imedi hqondaT da imereTis aoxrebiT imuqre-

bodnen. solomoni mouravovs sTxovda, rom totlebe-

nisTvis aexsna dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili mgoma-

reoba1. s. mouravovma 5 aprils n. i. panins gaugzavna

moxseneba, romelSic igi cdilobda aexsna, ratom ar

endoboda solomon mefe raWis erisTav rostoms, da-

diansa da guriels. mas dadiani daupirispirda imis

Semdeg, roca mefem Seipyro Seupovari raWis erisTavi

da misi vaJi giorgi, isini jer datyvevebuli hyavnen,

Semdeg ki orive daabrmava. amis Sedegad solomoni

gaZlierda, ramac SeaSfoTa dadiani da gurieli. isini

TavianTi ZaliT ver ereodnen solomons, amitom dam-

xmareebad iwvevdnen Turqebs2.

rac Seexeboda erekle mefes, is mzad iyo axal-

cixeze gasalaSqreblad 9 aTasi meomriT. mas meti jari

hyavda, magram samefos dasacavad dastova 4 aTasiani

jari, romelic dakompleqtebuli iyo qarTveli, somexi

da TaTari mebrZolebisgan, 4 aTasi kaci ki yarabaRis

xans miaSvela3.

1770 w. martSi qarTvelTa da rusTa gaerTianebuli

jari suramidan axalcixis dasapyrobad gaemarTa. ro-

gorc cnobilia, aspinZis brZolis win totlebenma aw-

yurTan moulodnelad miatova erekle, rusTa jariT

qarTlSi dabrunda da sabolood gamoamJRavna Tavi,

rogorc moRalatem. p. g. butkovi cdilobda gaemarTle-


595

bina totlebenis moqmedeba da brals sdebda erekle

mefes, TiTqos igi cdilobda ara Tavisi samxedro Zal-

iT, aramed rusebis ZaliT daepyro Turqebis teritoria,

maSin, rodesac ruseTis korpusi saqarTveloSi gamogza-

vnes mxolod qarTuli jaris dasaxmareblado1. rusi

istorikosis es naTqvami baTildeba qarTlSi mobrune-

buli totlebenis qarTuli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mo-

qmedebiT, romelzec qvemoT iqneba saubari, p. g. butkovi

totlebenis amgvar moqmedebas arc ki axsenebs. totle-

benis Ralatma da mis mier qarTlSi Cadenilma mzakv-

rulma moqmedebam mniSvnelovnad Seasusta erekles mier

aspinZis brZolaSi mopovebuli gamarjvebis efeqti. jer

erTi, CaiSala axalcixeze laSqrobis gegma, romlis

ganxorcieleba unda uzrunveleyo aspinZaSi mopovebul

warmatebas, radgan axalcixis ZiriTadi Zalebi ganadgu-

rebuli iyo, erekles SeeZlo qarTl-kaxeTis jariT da-

ufleboda axalcixes, rac saomari operaciebis gaSlis

perspeqtivas uqmnida qarTul da rusul jars. garda

amisa, saqarTvelo Tavisi istoriuli teritoriis dab-

runebiT osmaleTs akargvinebda lekebTan uSualo kav-

Siris SesaZleblobas

totlebenis veraguli Canafiqri naTlad gamoCnda

misi awyuridan qarTlSi dabrunebis Semdeg. man jer

erekles mier Semorigebuli lekTa cameti beladi

daxoca2, rac mefis lekebTan urTierTobaSi mxolod

1 Бутков П.Г., Материалы..., c. I, c. 281-282. 2 saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, gv. 127. totlebenis mier

lekebis daxocvis ambavs vrclad gadmogvcems de grei de

fua: totlebenma Seityo, rom ramdenime lekma cxinvals

Cauara da mezobel sofelSi gaCerdnen. isini 27 kacs moiTv-

lidnen is husarTa ori aseuliT gaemarTa lekebis Sesapy-

robad. miuxedavad imisa, rom adgilobrivma mebatonem moax-

596

zians moitanda. amis Semdeg is gors miadga, romelic

ZaliT ver daikava da duSeTSi gadavida. totlebenma

iqidan gamoreka erekles mecixovneni da rusi salda-

Tebi Caayena. rusi generlis sxva saqmianobaze rom si-

tyva ar gavagrZeloT, imis Tqmac sakmarisia, rom man

ZaliT daiwyo qarTlis mosaxleobis daficeba ruseTis

xelmwifis erTgulebaze, rac saxelmwifo gadatriale-

bis mcdelobas niSnavda. 1770 w. 1 ivliss erekle a. r.

mouravovs swerda, rom totlebenma qarTlSi 3-4 cixe

miitaca, samRvdeloebas, Tavadebsa da aznaurebs af-

icebda, Canda, rom mas qarTlis dapyroba surda. goris

cixezec samjer gagzavna razmi, raTa ZaliT daepyro,

magram erekles mier dayenebulma dacvam ar SeuSva1.

daaxloebiT igivea gadmocemuli erekles werilSi (1770

w. 7 agvisto) graf n. i. paninisadmi: totlebenma wagvar-

Tva oTxi cixe-simagre. Cven amaSi winaaRmdegoba ar gag-

viwevia, magram roca is Seecada waerTmia CvenTvis

goris cixe, Cven amis neba aRar miveciT, vicodiT, rom

mas imperatorisgan aseTi brZaneba ar hqonda2.

sena totlebens, rom isini erekle mefis samsaxurSi iyvnen, is

mainc Tavs daesxa maT da gaJlita. totlebeni amiT ar dak-

mayofilda. mas àr surda xelidan gaeSva xelsayreli Sem-

Txveva Zarcvisa. man moitaca mTeli is pirutyvi, romelic

soflis mcxovreblebisa iyo~. mosaxleobam mefesTan iCivla.

ereklem totlebens mosTxova aenazRaurebina saqonlis Rire-

buleba, magram man es ar gaakeTa. mefe iZulebuli gaxda

TviTon gaeRo sazRauri. de grei de fua saqarTvlos Sesaxeb,

gv. 52. 1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII

столетия, относящиеся к Грузии, т. II, с. 253; saqarTvelos

istoriis qronikebi, gv. 127. 2 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 124.

597

mefe ereklesTan totlebenis dapirispirebam da mis

mier dampyrobluri interesebis gamomJRavnebam, ukmayo-

filo qarTveli Tavadebis erT nawils rusTa jariT

Tbilisis dapyrobis, mefis taxtidan Camogdebisa da

qarTlis ruseTTan SeerTebis imedi gauCina. Seiqmna

SeTqmulebis sakmaod vrceli qseli, romelSic, garkve-

uli gagebiT, monawilebdnen moskovSi mcxovrebi vax-

tang VI-is Camomavlebi. erekles winaaRmdeg aqtiurobiT

gamoirCeodnen zaal orbeliani da daviT erisTavi1.

qarTuli saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg totlebenis moq-

medebam xeli aaRebina erekle mefes gaegrZelebina omi

Turqebis winaaRmdeg. mefe am ganzraxvis sisruleSi mo-

sayvanad dabrunda aspinZasTan mopovebuli brwyinvale

gamarjvebis Semdeg TbilisSi jaris Sesavsebad da

aRsaWurvad. amis Sesaxeb moaxsena a. mouravovma tot-

lebens da sTxova neba mieca kazakTa razmiT erek-

lesTan erTad gaelaSqra axalcixisken2.

totlebenis Seuferebeli sxvadasxva moqmedeba aR-

werilia anton mouravovis mier n. i. paninisaTvis gag-

zavnil 1770 wlis 10 maisis moxsenebaSi3 da aRar ga-

vagrZeleb maT CamoTvlas4.

1770 wlis 4 ivniss mefe ereklem graf n. i. panins

peterbergSi gaugzavna werili specialurad mivline-

buli aznauris Tarxan Saxovis (?) xeliT. mefe ruseTis

sagareo saqmeTa gamriges, sxvaTa Soris, Seaxsenebda,

rom mas Semdeg, rac ruseTidan saqarTveloSi Semovida

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., XVIII saukunis meore naxevris ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis istoriisaTvis, naw. III,

nakv. II, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 21-26. 2 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 111. 3 Тамже, с. 111-112. 4 Тамже, с. 112-118.

598

damxmare jari, Cvens garSemo mcxovrebi mahmadianebi _

Turqebi, lekebi da sparselebi sul ufro amJRavneben

Cvens mimarT mtobas, axla ki grafi totlebeni Cvens

gasakicxad sxvadasxva tyuilebs iyenebs, mxolod Rme-

rTis da misi imperatorobis udidebulesobis imedi gva-

qvs. grafi totlebeni moRalates gveZaxis. general-

maiori uCivis sursaT-sanovagis naklebobas. daujerebe-

lia, rom is marTla swers amis Sesaxeb. amiT mas unda,

rom dafaros sakuTari boroti zraxvebi da danaSauli.

rodesac qviSxeTSi banakad videqiT, Cveni, qarTveli

mebrZolebi mis jarSi bevr pursa da qers yidulobdnen,

rodesac awyuris cixes mivuaxlovdiT, CvenTan myofma

mTielebma misi jariskacebisagan iyides blomad gamom-

cxvari puri da qeri. roca awyurSi mivediT, Cvenma da

misma jarma didi raodenobiT pirutyvi igdes nadavlaT.

marto misma kazakebma asi Zroxa gairekes, risi TviT-

mxilvelebic viyaviT. Cven maT Cveni nadavlidanac

vuwiladeT, miuxedavad sursaTis sakmaod qonisa,

totlebenma mainc miatova awyuri da dabrunda qarT-

lSi. gzaSi meomrebma ganicades sursaTis nakleboba.

erTaderTi damnaSave aris totlebeni, Cvens mimarT ki

gamogonil tyuilebs iyenebso.

Semdeg erekle mefe yuradRrebas amaxvilebs gene-

rlis im moRalatur moqmedenaze, romelic man Caidina

maSin, rodesac man erekle da misi jari mtrul gare-

moSi miatova, qarTlSi dabrunda da ruseTis mxares

gaeSura. erekle fiqrobda, rom generalma ganizraxa

damxmare jaris saqarTvelodan gayvana. man Sekriba

saqarTvelosi myofi rusebi da qarTlisa da kaxeTis

Tavadebi da erToblivad gadawyvites generlis dapatim-

reba, xolo misi jari gaeCerebinaT manamde, vidre

movidoda imperatricas brZaneba. magram, rodesac gavi-

geT, rom generali mTeli jariT gaCerda ananuris

599

cixeSi, maSinve gavauqmeT gadawyvetileba. sabWos weri-

lobiTi gadawyvetileba totlebenis dapatimrebis Sesa-

xeb gadaeca Tavad ratievs, romelic Tavadac eswreboda

Sekrebas. ratievs CamoarTves brZaneba da gaanadgures.

erekle da misi QqveSevrdomni misi imperatorobis udi-

debulesobis erTgulni darCnen1.

totlebenis mier ekaterine meorisaTvis gagzav-

nilma werilebma ukvalod ar Caiara. 1770 wlis 9 ivniss

ekaterinem saqarTveloSi gamogzavna sigeli, romlis

adresatebi iyvnen Tavadebi, aznaurebi da xalxi. sa-

yuradReboa, rom is sigeli erekle mefis winaaRmdeg

iyo mimarTuli. savaraudoa, sigelis daweris mizani iyo

mosaxleobis ganwyobilebis mosinjva erekles mimarT.

albaT peterburgSi fiqrobdnen, rom SeiZleboda sige-

lis Sinaarsi ukmayofilo qarTvelebs (SeiZleboda

aseTebic yofiliyvnen saimperatoro karze, romlebmac

icodnen mefe erekles sawinaaRmdego warumatebeli SeT-

qmulebis Sesaxeb) igi aReqvaT, rogorc saxelmwifo

gadatrialebisken mowodeba.

rogorc peterburgidan saqarTveloSi gamogzavni-

li erT-erTi werilidan Cans, Turme osmaleTis winaaR-

mdeg omSi imperatricas mizani iyo saqarTvelos ga- 1 Тамже, с. 120-123. totlebenis winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis

mowyobis gauqmebas de grei Tavis damsaxurebad acxadebs.

misi gadmocemiT ratievma, Coglokovma da mouravovma erek-

les gadaawyvetines qarTuli razmebiT SeepyroT suramSi

mdgomi totlebeni da ruseTSi gaegzavnaT. de graim jer

is SeZlo, rom SeTqmulebas Camoacila ratievi, Semdeg

erekles Sexvda da moaxsena, rom misi ganzraxva cnobili

iyo totolebenisaTvis da is mzadyofnaSi daxvdeba.

rodesac ruseTis samefo karze gaigebdnen amis Sesaxeb,

metad cudi Sedegi mohyveboda. amis semdg mefem Seicvala

azri. de grai de fua, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 56-57.

600

darCena damonebisagan. is yvela qarTvelisagan eloda

madlobas. magram erekle, erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani

mefe, romelic samagaliTo unda yofiliyo, Tavisi ucna-

uri qceviT graf totlebenis mimarT, Seurcxhyofda eka-

terines ndobiT aRWurvil samxedro meTaurs da uqmnida

dabrkolebebs saqristianos, gansakuTrebiT, saqarTve-

los mtris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. imis magier, rom ge-

nerlis mimarT yofiliyo gulwrfeli da erTguli,

gamoekveba ruseTis jari, daeCqrebina, ramdenadac masze

iyo damokidebuli, saqarTvelos keTildReoba, masTan

Seikribnen borotmoqmedni, romlebmac uari Tqves impe-

ratricas samsaxurSi yofnaze, misca maT TavSesafari

da ifaravda sasamarTlosa da sasjelisagan. ekaterine

II laparakobda, agreTve, ruseTis jarisaTvis micemul

saqarTvelosTvis sasargeblo davalebebze, romelTa

ganxorcielebis saSualebas erekle ar aZlevda. magram

ruseTis jarma ar gaakeTa is rom saqarTvelo da

erekle daetova qancgawyvetili, samudamo ubedurebaSi.

radgan ekaterinesTvis Cveulebrivia gulmowyaleba,

amitom Tu kapitani iazikovi, roelic saqarTveloSi

gamoigzavna ruseTis jaris mdgomareobis gamosasworeb-

lad, SeniSnavs erekles gulwrfel monaniebas mis mier

Cadenil danaSaulSi, maSin ekaterine daubrunebda wya-

lobas da aRudgenda adrindel Rirsebas. imperatrica

mraval sikeTes hpirdeboda osmaleTTan omis dasrule-

bis Semdeg saqarTvelos1.

zustad erTi Tvis Semdeg, 1770 wlis 9 ivliss,

ekaterine II-m kvlav gamougzvna sigeli erekle II-s,

romlis toni mniSvnelovnad Serbilebuli da aqcenti

gadatanili iyo im `moRalate~ oficrebze, romlebic

aRar daemorCilnen ruseTis samxedro korpusis sard-

1 Тамже, с. 125-127

601

als graf totlebens. `didi mwuxarebiT SevityeT, rom Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam dauSviT rom CarTuliyaviT im SeTqmulebasa da uwesod qcevaSi, romelic Seiqmna cbieri da mousvenari xalxis mier, saxeldobr: pod-

polkovnik ratievis, karis mrCevelis, Tavad moura-

vovisa da axalgazrda, Tavganwiruli da sasowarkve-

Tili kacis, agreTve podpolkovnikis, Coglokovis1 da zogierTi sxvis, Cvens samasaxurSi myofebis, romlebmac sruliad Seuracxyves TavianTi fici da yovlad uqve-

Sevrdomilesi samsaxuri. xolo ratievi, sxvaTa Soris, ar dakmayofilda Tavisi siborotiT, jaris is nawili romelic momzadebuli iyo saqarTveloSi gasagzavnad, daufaravad Seacdina ar damorCileboda general-maior totlebens, daniSnuls samxedro meTaurad Tqvens mxa-

reSi. ratievis cudi magaliTis mibaZviT, Coglokovi patimrobidan gaiqca. Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam Sei-

fara isini TbilisSi da iq hpoves namdvili TavSe-

safari~2.

1 man saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave ganacxada: mas imperat-

ricasgan saidumlo davaleba hqonda, Tvalyuri edevnebina

totlebenis saqcielisaTvis. man dawvrilebiT gamoikvlia

misi moqmedeba dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da

amis Semdeg ramdenime piris TandaswrebiT Tqva: `Tu tot-

lebeni Zveleburad moiqceva, me advilad SevZleb gavimeoro is ambavi, romelic sparseTTan ukanaskneli omis dros

moxda (cnobilia, rom maSin totlebeni daapatimres misma

sakuTarma oficrebma da gagzavnes peterburgSi, sadac

gaasamarTles da imperiidan gandevnes)~. Coglokovi grafTan daabezRes. totlebenma is daapatimra da sxva damnaSaveebTan

erTad ruseTs gagzavna. de grai de fua, saqarTvelos Se-

saxeb, gv. 54-55. 2 Тамже, с. 132.

602

1770 wlis 1 maiss CoglokovTan erTad Cavida

TbilisSi totlebenis mier samsaxuridan daTxovili,

misive yofili adiutanti, Sarl de grai de fua,

romelmac meore dRes (2 maiss) mefisaTvis dawera ax-

sna-ganmarteba totlebenis pirovnebisa da misi anti-

qarTuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. man isic ganmarta ratom

gaeqca rus sardals da Tavi Seafara Tbiliss:

`q. mis simaRles uganaTlebuless mefes, Cems xelm-wifes iraklis. radgan iaranalis totlebenisagan gas-tumrebuli viyav im mizeziT, rogorc mogxsenebiaT, rom

me damiweria amisTana wignebi, romelic Cemis Ãelmwifis

saziano da umetesad Ãelmwifis iraklis winaaRmdegi

iyo, _ gavSterdi, rom Rrafs Tqvenis simaRlisTvis mouxsenebia, rom me danaSauli mqondes, daveWiro da gavegdo, is wignebi Cemis nebiT dameweros. amas vgonebdi, rom tfilisis qalaqs movide da Cemi Tavi gavimarTlo. marTalia, rom is wignebi damiweria, magram iaranalis brZanebiT: pirveli damiweria ados mindorSi, sadac misi simaRle iaranals Seeyara, meore wigni _ rodesac imereTidam gardmovediT; kidev damiweria saqarTvelos gasinjuloba _ mudam iaranalis brZane-

biT, mesame wigni damiweria zamTarSi, mozdoqs rom

wavediT, _ Tbilisis qalaqis gasinjuloba, da sul es wgnebi yoveli samarTlisa da misis simaRlis mefis iraklis didebis sruliad winaaRmdegi yofila, da Cemgan dawerili yofila iaranalis bZanebiT, rogorc ipoeba kopia imis wignebSi. dRes sami kvira aris, rom Tqvenis sangridam Rrafi movida da Tavis oficrebTan damabezRa, rom me amisTana wignebi damiweria. mere me mivel, iaranals movaxsene: Sen xom ici, es wignebi Senis brZanebisamebr damiweria. roca iaranalma Seityo, rom amm saidumlos Senaxva me ar mindoda, mibZana, rom

603

petrebrurxs gagistumreb kais pativiT, da maCuqa Svidi velendizis oqro da momimata saxeli _ poruCikoba. am imediT wavediT; magram Semityvia, rom Tqvenis simaRlisTvis mouxsenebia, rom me gamagdo erTs avis kacsaviT da saqarTvelos winaaRmdegsaviT; ver moviTmi-

ne amiTana dabezRreba, radgan mudam erTguli vyofil-

var amaRlebulis Cemi Ãelmwifisa, axla vali maqvs, rom

iaranali davabezRo R~Tis winaSe, y~d mowyalis Ãel-

mwifis winaSe da Tqvenis simaRlis winaSe, da Tqvengan didis vedrebiT viTxov mfarvelobasa. iaranalis fiqre-bi da niSnebi mudam winaaRmdegi yofila Tavis ins-

truqciisa da Cvenis Ãelmwifis brZanebisa, da mudam

moatyua rusis pirveli ministrebi: bevrjer miuweria iaranal CerniSovTan da iaranal paninTan, rom erTi Jami daxelos da saqarTvelo daiWiros Tavis impera-tricas saxeliT, romeli qveyanac mefis iraklis sabrZanebels qveS aris. esec miswera: ruseTs abazi mosWran, aq gamogzavnon da, Tu im abazebs mefe irakli ar moiwonebs, amas mtrobas gamovucxadeb. kidev sxvac bevri wignebi aris Cemgan dawerili iaranalis brZa-

nebiT, romelic Tqvenis simaRlis winaaRmdegaT da sru-

liad sazianod arian. friad gevedrebi, rom es dami-

jero: gaWirvebulma davwere. axla Tqven gevedrebi, rom ar damabezRoT amaRlebulis imperatricas winaSe, romlis, imperatricis, da Tqvenis simaRlis mudam erTguli da didis simdabliT viyav da viqnebi...~1

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 450-451 (qarTulad); Цагарели

А. А., Грамоты..., т. II, ч. I, с. 24-25 (rusulad); de grai de fua

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 22-24 (qarT. teqsti xarvezebiT);

maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 184-185 (qarT.

teqsti), gv. 185-186 (rus. teqsti).

604

ekaterine II erekle II-is ukmayofilebas totleben-

is mimarT xsnida imiT, rom man ar icoda ruseTSi jar-

is samxedro samsaxuris safuZvlebi da wesebi, romlis

ZiriTadi arsi mdgomareobda winamZRolisadmi morCi-

lebaSi. ekaterines survili iyo daviwyebas miscemoda

gaugebrobani da erekles mier araerTxel misTvis mice-

muli erTgulebis dapireba samudamod iqneboda dacu-

li. `Tqveni uganaTlebulesobas SeuZlia iyos sruliad darwmunebuli, rom rodesac Cven mogiwvieT otomanis portasTan sabrZolvelad amJamindel omSi, ara gvaqvs umciresi sargebelic ki Cveni imperiisaTvis, mxolod gvinda ganvamtkicoT Tqveni saeWvo arCevani~1.

sruliad gasagebia, Zneli iqneboda mefisa da misi

karisaTvis imis mosmena, rasac imperatrica abralebda

mefe erekles. amasTan erTad ekaterines miaCnda, rom

TiTqos totlebeni gawafuli iyo samxedro xelovnebaSi

da SeeZlo ereklesTvis mieca rCevebi2.

rogorc wesi, rodesac imperatrica saqrTveloSi

agzavnida sigels, mas Tan mosdevda, imave dRes Sedge-

nil paninis werili3, romelic SeiZleba ufro vrceli,

magram igive Sinaarsisa iyo. panins undoda ganemarta

ekaterines sigelSi mocemuli debulebebi.

1770 wlis ivnisSi, mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi

tomskis polki Camovida, totlebeni 4 aTasi kaciT ga-

davida imereTSi. rusTa jaris Camosvlamde solomon

mefem, rom garkveul warmatebas miaRwia, amis Sesaxeb

swerda is Tavis elCs ruseTSi, daviT kvinixiZes. solo-

monma isargebla aspinZasTan damarcxebuli axalcixis

safaSos dasustebiT da jer cucxviTis cixe daipyro,

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 133. 2 Тамже, с. 134. 3 Тамже, с. 134-139.

605

Semdeg baRdadis cixe da quTaisis midamoebsac daeuf-

la1. am werilidan imasac vigebT, rom rogorc imereTis

mefe Tavis elCs acnobebda, totlebeni sruliad Secv-

lila, is solomonTan kargad iqceoda, da yvelfers ise

akeTebda rogorc imperatricam aRgviTqvao. rac Seexe-

boda meore seriozul problemas _ dadianTan urTi-

erTobas, solomonis da dadianis Serigeba jer ver

moxerxda, magram dadiani zavs iTxovda2. am werilis

(1770 w. 13 ivlisi) mixedviT, solomoni optimizmiT

uyurebda dadianTan daZabulobis Sesustebas, 20 ivliss

is a. mouravovs swerda: `Tqven mwerdiT, rom [dadians] surs uari sTqvas Cvens qveSevrdomobaze da iyves sruliad damoukidebel. amaze araviTar SemTxvevaSi daveTanxmebiT, vidre cocxali varT, mcdelobas ar davaklebT, rom is gavxadoT Cveni sruli morCili, rogorc winaT~3.

albaT, mxolod ekaterine II-is saameblad werda

solomon mefe totlebenze iseT epiTetebs, rogoric

iyo: `brwyivale grafi~, `mamaci gmiri~, ùZleveli mxe-

darTmTavari~, `samxedro moqmedebisas sruliad srul-

1 butkovi gadmocmiT ki, baRdadis da cucxvaTis cixeebi

totlebenma aiRo da imereTis mefes gadasca, rac sxva wya-

rebiT ar dasturdeba. ufro metic, totlebens baRdadis

cixis aRebisas rainduli moqmedeba Caudenia: rusTa banakSi

misul imereTis dedofals meTaurisTvis, e.i. totlebenisT-

vis uTxovia, mieca ufleba cixis aRebis Semdeg pirveli is

Sesuliyo, rac rusma sardalma Seiwynara. amis Sesaxeb eka-

terine acnobebda volters 1770 wlis 18 agvistos. Бутков П.

Г., Материалы..., т. I, c. 283. 2 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 152. 3 Тамже, с. 156.

606

yofili~1. aRar gavixseneb solomon mefis damokidebu-

lebas totlebenisadmi 1769 wels, mis mier peterburgSi

gagzavnil werilebs. sinamdvileSi rogori urTierToba

arsebobda solomonsa da totlebens Soris, kargad Cans

1770 wlis 2 seqtembers ukanasknelis mier mefis saxlT-

uxuces daviTisaTvis gagzavnili werilis erTi frazi-

dan: rusi sardali pirdapir acxadebda, rom solomon

mefesTan urTierTobis araviTari survili hqonda2.

solomon mefe Tavis mxriv, n. i. paninisaTvis gagzavnil

werilSi adanaSaulebda totlebens, rom man erTmaneTs

waaCxuba qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis mefeebi3.

erekle mefe, miuxedavad imisa, rom totlebenTan

arasasurvli urTierToba hqonda, agrZelebda aqtiur

sagareo politikas, rac kargad Cans sxvadasxva mdgo-

mareobis mqone adamianebTan mimoweridan.

1770 wlis 26 seqtembers erekle II-m miiRo asureTis

somexi episkoposis isais werili (dawerili 13 agvistos,

Coban-arSi). episkoposi gagzavnili iyo erekles mier.

man kurt-baiazeTSi adgilobriv mmarTvels gadasca

erekles werili. isaiam Tavi gamoacxada qarTl-kaxeTis

mefis qveSevrdomad da iTxova, rom, rodesac erekle

Turqebze gaimarjvebda misTvis daetovebina xos-bis ci-

xe.

episkopos isais werili ereklem gadaugzavna tot-

lebens, romelze minawerSi is Tavis xeliT aRniSnavda,

rom mas gaeTvaliswinebina Semdegi: Tu ruseTis jari

da solomon mefe Tavisi jariT SeuerTdebodnen erekle

II-s, daculi iqneboda saqarTvelos sazRvrebi da aqauri

1 Тамже, с. 153. 2 Тамже, с. 160. 3 Тамже, с. 162.

607

(kavkasieli) qristianebi ibrZolebdnen osmalebis wi-

naaRmdeg1.

yarsis seraskerma erekle II-s kaci gamougzavna da

mSvidoba SesTvaza, magram mefem uariT upasuxa da Seu-

Tvala am winadadebiT miemarTa ruseTis jaris sard-

lisaTvis, TviTon ki masTan zavis dadebaze fiqric ki

ar undoda. manamde ereklem totlebans acnoba, rom is

lekebi (Warelebi, talanelebi da belakanebi), romle-

bic kaxeTis teritoriaze iyvnen dasaxlebulni, aqamo-

mde ereklesTan karg urTierTobaSi imyofebodnen, mag-

ram radgan ar dauSva maTi kavSiri axalcixis faSasTan,

amitom gadaudgnen. Sirvanelebi ki, romlebic karg

urTierTobaSi iyvnen qarTvelebTan, erTmorwmuneobis

gamo exmarebodnen lekebs. zamTarSi didi Tovlianobis

dros isini sxva lekebisgan daxmarebas ver miiRebdnen,

amitom maTi dasja ioli iqneboda. mefe erekle mimar-

Tavda n. i. panins: Tu ruseTis jari saqarTveloSi dai-

zamTrebda da qarTvelebTan erTad ibrZolebda lekebis

winaaRmdeg, sruliad Sewydeboda maTi urTierToba axa-

lqalaqTan da yarsTan. amis Semdeg Sirvanelebic da-

Sindebodnen. graf totlebens Tu ganzraxuli hqonda

momaval zamTars sxva raime saxis samxedro aqcia, maSin

erekle mefe TviTon, Tavis jarTan erTad mas daex-

mareboda2.

totlebeni ki Tavisas ar iSlida da erekle mefis

`moRalateobis~ Sesaxeb isev avrcelebda xmebs3.

1770 wlis 23 seqtembers quTaisSi gansakuTrebuli

davalebiT Cavida gvardiis kapitani nikoloz danielis

Ze iazikovi. misi upirvelesi davaleba iyo enaxa mefe

1 Тамже, с. 165-166. 2 Тамже, с. 166-167. 3 Тамже, с. 168.

608

erekle, romelic im droisaTvis imyofeboda Tbi-

lisidan ori dRis manZiliT daSorebul adgilas. vid-

re iazikovi quTaisSi Cavidoda, manamde gzidan miswera

mouravovs, rom totlebenis korpusSi Casuliyo, radgan

surda vidre erekles Sexvdeboda, manamde mas mola-

parakeboda. n. d. iazikovs davalebuli hqonda, daepa-

timrebina a. mouravovi da sagareo saqmeTa kolegiaSi

gaegzavna. 26 seqtembers, rodesac mouravovi banakSi

gamocxadda, iazikovma daapatimra igi da yizlarisa da

astraxanis gavliT gaagzavna peterburgSi.

n. d. iazikovi graf panins, agreTve, acnobebda,

rom grafi totlebeni 3 oqtombers dadianTan erTad

foTis dasapyrobad gaeSura. rac Seexeboda mefe

solomons, is totlebenma gandevna da ubZana Seekavebina

yabardoelebi. mas ar undoda mefe ereklesTan Serigeba.

ereklesTan wasvlis win iazikovma sTxova totlebens

aexsna misTvis, ra unda moeTxova qarTl-kaxeTis mefi-

saTvis. totlebenma maSinve ar upasuxa, mxolod suram-

Tan daawia werili, romelSic iTxovda, rom erekles

ganedevna lekebi da ar gaeSva isini axalcixisken, Tu

mas ar ebraleba Tavis qveyana, Cven kidev ufro nak-

lebad gvebraleba. Cveni mizania, man ziani miayenos

Turqebs da ara lekebso1.

totlebenma, rodesac gaigo, rom solomoni guri-

elis dasasjelad wasvlas apirebda, mefes miswera, rom

imperatricas saxeliT gibrZaneb, Cemi mxriv ki girCev,

rom am werilis miRebisTanave Sewyvitoთ dadianisa da

gurielis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba. „Tu ar SewyvetT maT

Sewuxebas, darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom CagTvliT Turqad

da misi imperatorobis udidebulesobis brZanebiT,

1 Тамже, с. 169-170.

609

mTel Cems Zalebs movmarTav Tqvens winaaRmdeg da

mogepyrobiT ise, rogorc mters~1.

rogorc erekle II-is ruseTis mTavrobis sxvadas-

xva rangis moxeleebisaTvis gagzavnili werilebidan

Cans, mefe cdilobda graf totlebenis gverdis avliT

daelagebina urTierToba ruseTis mTavrobasTan2.

saintereso cnobebs Seicavs 1770 wlis dekemberSi

iazikovis mier paninisaTvis goridan gagzavnili moxse-

neba. man scada Seerigebina solomon mefe da kacia

dadiani, magram warmatebas ver miaRwia. amis Semdeg is

gadavida erekle mefesTan borCaloSi da gadasca impe-

ratricas sigeli, romliTac erekle ruseTis mfarve-

lobas iRebda. mefem ganacxada, rom mTeli zafxulis

ganmavlobaSi eloda totlebenis brZanebas, sad Se-

erTeboda Tavisi jariT ruseTis korpuss, magram _ ama-

od. man grafi daadanaSaula imis gamo, rom misi brali

iyo jari sursaTis naklebobas rom ganicdida. man dro-

ulad ar moimaraga yvelfari is, rac jars sWirdeboda

da ise wavida laSqrobaSi. ereklem iazikovs sTxova Se-

exvedrebina totlebenTan, sadac is moisurvebda, Tavis

mxriv ki aseT adgilad, gori SearCia da Sexvedris

drod 25 noemberi daasaxela. totlebenTan gagzavnili

kaci, vidre dabrundeboda pasuxiT, amasobasi, 3 noem-

bers ereklesTan movida qerim-xanis despani sigeliT,

romlis Sinaarsi iyo Semdegi: Sahi erekle mefes sTxo-

vda, rom ruseTis jari Tavis qveyanaSi aRar SeeSva, xo-

lo jaris is nawili, romelic qarTlSi imyofeboda,

gaeZevebina. ar viciT, ra upasuxa ereklem qerim-xans, an

saerTod upasuxa Tu ara, magram iazikovs aRuTqva, rom

Sahis sigels gaugzavnida imperatricas.

1 Тамже, с. 170. 2 Тамже, с. 171-172.

610

iazikovma xelsayrelad CaTvala es viTareba da

erekles urCia SahisaTvis Seexsenebina, rogor aviwroeb-

da osmaleTi sparseTs da misi mravali provincia mii-

taca. zogierTi maTgani nadir-Sahma brZoliT daibruna,

magram misi sikvdilis Semdeg isini isev Turqebma daip-

yres. Tu qerim-xans surs ganmtkicdes taxtze, xom ar

isurvebda esargebla mocemuli SemTxveviT, roca osma-

leTi marcxs ganicdida ruseTTan omSi da misi jari

dakavebulia dunaisTan da moreisTan brZolebiT, gae-

laSqra Turqebis winaaRmdeg. yvelaferi es mefem Tavis

sigelSi Caawerina da Sahs gaugzavna1, magram irani os-

maleTis winaaRmdeg omSi ar CaerTo.

arc saqarTveloSi Seiqmna is viTareba, rodesac

qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebis jari rusTa

korpusTan erTad ibrZolebda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg.

erTobliv moqmedebas xels uSlida ruseTis saimpe-

ratoro karis diplomatia _ ar momxdariyo mTeli da-

savleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba imereTis mefis xel-

qveiT da am politikis gamtarebel graf totlebenTan

gagzavnili kurieri 21 noembers dabrunda weriliT, ro-

melSic naTqvmi iyo, rom mas araviTari survili hqonda

ereklesTan da solomonTan urTierTobis, maSin, rode-

sac mas mxarSi udgnen dadiani da gurieli. iazikovis

azriT (rogorc Cans is jerovnad ar iyo Caxeduli

ruseTis kavkasiur politikaSi), totlebens rom moexer-

xebina erekles, solomonis, dadianis da gurielis ga-

erTianeba, maTi jarebiTurT da rusuli artileriiT

gaZliereba, am mxaridan TurqebisTvis didi zaralis

miyenebas SeZlebdnen. mefe erekle, iazikovis SefasebiT,

sruliad brmad erTguli iyo imperatricasadmi, maSin

rodesac totlebenze veraferma gaWra, miuxedavad imisa,

1 Тамже, с. 173-174.

611

rom am ukanasknels iazikovma uCvena ekaterine II-is

brZaneba.

bolo Sexvedrisas mefe ereklem iazikovs uTxra,

rom Semdgomi kampaniisaTvis Sekrebda 18 aTas rCeul

meomars. imave dros mefe qveynis gaWirvebasa da ufu-

lobaze Cioda, magram amis gamo imperatricas Sewuxebas

erideboda. qarTul da rusul jars gansakuTrebiT

exmareboda qsnis erisTavi daviTi. amitom fiqrobda

iazikovi es Tavadi jildoze waredgina.

iazikovi mTeli principulobiT amxelda totlebe-

nis _ sardlis uunarobas. man ver SeZlo foTis cixis,

baRdadis cixis (mxolod 30 SeiaraRebuli Turqi

icavda), quTaisis (icavda mxolod 60 kaci) aReba. foTis

damcvelebma Turqebma gaarRvies kordoni da gaiqcnen.

daiRupa 70 rusi jariskaci. foTTan diRupa 100 rusi,

Turqebma dakarges mxolod 5 mebrZoli. totlebenma

daipyro anakliisa da ruxis carieli cexeebi da sxv.1

iazikovi sruliad gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSi aR-

moCnda imereTSi. vidre iq gadavidoda, man SeuTvala

solomon mefes, rom sazRvarze daexvedrebina cxenebi.

imereTis mefisgan miiRo pasuxi, rom generali tolebeni

mas siaxloves ar ikarebs da Tavis werilebSi TaTars

eZaxis. radgan totlebeni TaTars meZaxis, me rusebis-

Tvis arc cxenebi da arc sxva raime maqvso. ereklem

iazikovs gaugzavna solomonis werili, romelSic tot-

lebenis siaveze iyo saubari. solomon mefem iazikovTan

Sexvedrisas quTaisSi, isic Tqva, rom totlebeni Tavisi

jariT TavdasxmiTac emuqreboda. man iazikovs sTxova,

rom totlebenis mier misTvis gagzavnili werilebi im-

peratricasTvis gaegzavna. iazikovma mefis Txovna Seas-

rula. solomon mefesTan saubris Semdeg iazikovi

1 Тамже, с. 175-179.

612

daaskvnis, rom erekle mefis da solomon mefis erT-

guleba imperatricasadmi ganusazRvreliao.

erekle mefesTan gamgzavrebis win iazikovma so-

lomon mefe da totlebeni Seariga, magram misi gamg-

zavrebisTanave grafi mefes waeCxuba.

iazikovis azriT, Tu momavali kampaniis dros gra-

fi aq darCeboda, araferi sasikeTos molodini ar unda

hqonodaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom man totlebens uCvena

ekaterine II-is instruqcia da brZaneba, is mainc eCxu-

beboda mefeebs. amitom iyo, rom totlebeni martod-

marto idga foTis cixesTan. misi erTaderTi mizani

saqarTveloSi yofnis dros, rogorc fiqrobda iazi-

kovi, iyo nadavlis Sovna da sailustraciod mohyavda

ramdenime magaliTi, rogor Zarcvavda igi tyveebsa da

ltolvilebs1.

Tavis moxseneba iazikovma imiT daasrula, rom to-

tlebenma verc kacia dadianTa aawyo urTierToba da

masac waeCxuba2.

ekaterine II-is generali suxotini saqarTveloSi

1771 wlis 13 ianvars ekaterine II-is kancelariidan

gamovida sami dokumenti, romlebic saqarTvelos mefee-

bisa da axladdaniSnuli sardlis general-maior aleq-

sandre mixeilis Ze suxotinisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili.

1 totlebenis rogorc mZarcvelis daxasiaTebisaTvis gamod-

geba aragvis mouravis qaixosro ColoyaSvilis Txovnis

wigni erekle II-s. masSi CamoTvlilia is nivTebi, romlebic

totlebenma miiTvisa mouravis saxlis aklebisa da gaZar-

cvis Semdeg. maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 621-

622. 2 Тамже, с. 180-183.

613

imperatricam qarTvel mefeebs gamougzavna sigelebi,

romlebiTac acnobebda maT, rom totlebenma moiTxova

ruseTSi gawveva, misi es Txovna daakmayofila da mis

adglze ganamwesa zemoxsenebuli axali sardali. impe-

ratrica imeds gamoTqvamda, rom amieridan Sewydeboda

is gaugebrobebi da winaaRmdegoba, romelic arsebobda

qarTvel mefeebsa da yofil sardals _ totlebens

Soris da sruliad axali energiiT daiwyeboda brZola

saerTo mtris _ osmaleTis winaaRmdeg1. analogiuri

Sinaarsis werili ekaterinem gaugzavna solomonsac.

igives umeorebda 20 ianvars grafi panini erekles da

solomons.

dasaxelebuli dokumentebidan gansakuTrebiT sain-

teresoa gen. suxotinisaTvis micemuli ìnstruqcia~,

romelic naTlad gviCvenebs ekaterine II-isa (ìnstruq-

cias~ is awers xels) da misi mTavrobis namdvil zra-

xvebs saqarTvelos mimarT.

ìnstruqciis~ preambulaSi ekaterine II aRniSnavda

ruseTis imperiis mier portas winaaRmdeg mimdinare

omis mniSvnelobas, zogadad, qristianebisaTvis da, ke-

rZod, qarTvelebisaTvis. imperatricas azriT, qarTve-

lebs unda gamoeyenebinaT ruseTis mier maTTvis mi-

cemuli SesaZlebloba da Tavi gaeTavisuflebinaT mono-

bisagan. amitom SesTavaza ruseTis mTavrobam qarTve-

lebs am omSi monawileobis miReba. swored qarTveli

mefeebis gansamtkiceblad gamogzavna man ruseTis jari

gen. totlebenis meTaurobiT. Semdeg ekaterine iZleoda

erekle II-isa da solomon I-is mokle daxasiaTebas da

aRniSnavda, rom qarTveli mefeebi siamovnebiT aRdgnen

mtris winaaRmdeg. magram erekles moqmedeba ar Seesa-

bameboda gen. totlebenis mier ganxorcielebul Ronis-

1 Тамже, с. 265-267.

614

Ziebebsa da maT Soris winaswar SeTanxmebebs. ìnst-

ruqciaSi~ gamoTqmuli iyo imedi, rom saqarTvelos

orive mefe da dadiani da gurieli erToblivad gamo-

vidodnen mterTan sabrZolvelad.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, imperatricas azriT,

suxotini unda moiqces Semdegnairad: 1. ruseTis mTav-

robis ganzraxvis mixedviT, suxotins qarTvelebi unda

gamoeyenebina Turqebis winaaRmdeg omSi. mas isic unda

gaeTvaliswinebina, rom mocemul periodSi ruseTis

mTavrobas ar hqonda ganzraxuli saqarTvelos dapy-

roba. is iTvaliswinebda totlebenis im moqmedebas, ro-

desac man daiwyo qalaqebisa da strategiul punqtebis

dapyroba da mosaxleobis daficeba imperatoris erT-

gulebaze. imperatrica suxotins garkveviT Caagonebda,

rom mocemuli momentisaTvis mTavari iyo qarTvelebis

mier diversiebis mowyoba osmaleTis saxelmwifos sa-

sazRvro raionebze, raSic saqarTveloSi disloci-

rebul rusul jars unda Seewyo xeli. qarTul jars

kvebisa da sxva ramiT uzrunvelyofis simZimis tvirTi

TviTon unda ezida.

2. ìnstruqciis~ mixedviT, radgan qarTvelebma ar

icodnen omis wesierad warmoeba, maT unda moewyoT

diversia Turqebis winaaRmdeg. maT rom es SeZlebodaT,

maSin seriozuli Sedegi iqneboda miRweuli, magram

qarTvelebs, rogorc totlebenis werilebidan icodnen

peterburgSi, SeeZloT mxolod Zarcva da mixdoma.

qarTvelebs mxolod asec rom emoqmedaT, Turqebs mainc

Seawuxebdnen. raki saqmis viTareba aseTi iyo, suxotini,

rogorc mizanSewonilad CaTvlida, im dros miaSveleb-

da Tavis gankargulebaSi arsebul jars maT gasamxne-

veblad. imperatrica suxotins uflebas aZlevda alya

Semoertya Turqebis cixeebisaTvis, magram imis gaTva-

615

liswinebiT, ramdenad Seswevda amisi Zala da ramdenad

endoboda qarTvelebs.

3. ekaterinem gaabaTila is mosazreba, romlis

mixedviTac totlebeni damoukideblad, ruseTis mTavro-

bis uneburad moqmedebda saqarTvelos cixe-qalaqebis

dauflebisa da mosaxleobis imperiis erTgulebaze da-

ficebis dros. man ufleba misca suxotins gaegrZe-

lebina totlebenis dawyebuli saqme, Tuki es xels Seu-

wyobda Turqebis winaaRmdeg qarTvelebis gaaqtiurebas;

uamisod dasaxelebuli RonisZiebis gatareba zedmetad

miaCnda. suxotini mefe solomonisa da dadianis urTi-

erTobis sakiTxSi unda damdgariyo imis mxares, vinc

ufro sasaregeblo iqneboda ruseTis interesebisaTvis;

suxotini aseve unda moqceuliyo guriis sakiTxSic; mas

saqarTveloSi CasvlisTanave unda daemyarebina kontaq-

ti erekle mefesTan, radgan is iyo uZlieresi, Tumca

mas totlebeni xatavda saSiS kacad, magram iazikovi ki

sruliad sawinaaRmdego azrisa iyo. amitom suxotins

unda emoqmeda Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.

4. ekaterines azriT, romelic damyarebuli iyo

totlebenis moxsenebebze, qarTvelebi saSiSi xalxi iyo

da suxotins frTxilad unda emoqmeda. amasTanave unda

SeenarCunebina mtkice pozicia da xelmZRvaneloba, ro-

gorc ganaTlebuls umecari qarTvelebis mimarT.

5. imperatricas Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli hqonda

ruseTis specialistebs qarTvelebisTvis eswavlebinaT

artileriis saqme, qalaqebis evropulad gamagreba, To-

fis wamlis xarisxis gaumjobesebis saqme da sxv. magram,

rogorc totlebenis moxsenebebma da saqarTveloSi mom-

xdarma ambebma daarwmuna, qarTvelebisaTvis amgvari

daxmareba zedmeti iyo.

6. radgan saqarTvelo Sors iyo ruseTidan, amitom

ekaterines ar SeeZlo yovelTvis saWiro darigeba mieca

616

suxotinisaTvis, yovelive mis xelovnebaze iyo damo-

kidebuli, gamoeyenebina is zomebi, romelic miesada-

geboda ìnstruqciis~ safuZvlebs. suxotini valdebu-

li iyo dro da dro ecnobebina peterburgSi mTavrobi-

saTvis imis Sesaxeb, rac xdeboda saqarTveloSi.

7. ekaterinem suxotins erTi mniSvnelovani dava-

lebac misca. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda, mas unda See-

dgina saqarTvelos dawvrilebiTi rukebi, mis jarSi

myofi samxedro inJinrebisa da am saqmis mcodne sxva

adamianebis daxmarebiT.

8. ekaterine imeorebda moTxovnas, rom qarTvelebs

sazrunavi gaeCinaT TurqebisaTvis1.

ìnstruqciidan~ gansakuTrebiT iqcevs yuradRebas

ori garemoeba:

1. ruseTis mTavrobis CanafiqriT, qarTl-kaxeTisa

da imereTis samefoebs unda ewarmoebinaT mudmivi Tav-

dasxmebi osmaleTis saxelmwifos sasazRvro raionebze,

raTa mteri iZulebuli gamxdariyo mTavari frontidan

gadmoeyvana jaris garkveuli kontigenti. mxedvelobaSi

ar iyo miRebuli qarTvelTa interesi Turqebis mier

mitacebuli samcxisa da tao-klarjeTis dabrunebis Se-

saxeb. qarTvelTa amgvari moTxovnilebis ignorirebas

axdendnen da xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen, rom rusTa jaris

daxmarebiT ar unda momxdariyo qarTvelTa am sanukvari

ocnebis ganxorcieleba;

2. ruseTis jari ar unda daxmareboda solomon I-s

samefos gaerTianeba-ganmtkicebaSi.

23 ianvars ekaterine II-is brZanebiT solomon mefis

elCs peterburgSi kvenixiZes gamoucxades, rom totle-

beni gamowveulia saqarTvelodan da mis adgilas dai-

niSna genarali suxotini. mefe solomons misi elCi Tvi-

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 51, 536-541.

617

Ton gadascemda iperatricas sigels. imave dros kve-

nixiZes gaumeores totlebenis saCivrebi mefis mimarT.

TiTqos totlebenma TviTon iSova jaris gamosakvebi

sursaTi, gaaTavisufla imereTi mtrisagan da waarTva

cixebi. am dros ras akeTebda solomon mefe? is daka-

vebuli iyo erTmorwmune samegrlos mTavris damorCi-

lebisaTvis brZoliT. ruseTis jars iyenebdnen imereTis

uSiSroebisaTvis, maSin, rodesac misi mefe ar mona-

wileobda samxedro operaciebSi. solomonma ise unda

eTanamSromla ruseTis jaris meTaurTan, rom mas ru-

seTis mxridan daemsaxurebina sikeTe Tavis samefosa-

Tvis. kvinixiZes yovelive, rac imperatricam daavala,

gasagebad unda gadaeca solomon mefisaTvis. aseTi iyo

brZaneba1.

zemoT ganxiluli dokumentebis analizma gviCvena,

rom totlebeni sruliad sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebda da

qveyanaSi simSvide ki ara, piriqiT mefeebsa da mTavrebs

erTmaneTTan apirispirebda. misi uunaro moqmedebis gamo

ver iqna miRweuli jerovani warmateba osmaleTTan omSi

saqarTvelos frontze. totlebenis samxedro da poli-

tikuri Secdomebis Sesaxeb daufaravad acnobebdnen ru-

si oficrebi TavianT mTavrobas, magram, rogorc Cans,

ekaterine meoremde is werilebi an ar aRwevda, an

moxeleebma icodnen ra mbrZaneblis keTilganwyobileba

totlebenisadmi, simarTles umalavdnen. ekaterinesaT-

vis simarTle iyo mxolod is, rasac misi jaris me-

Tauri _ totlebeni acnobebda saqarTvelodan.

1771 wlis 26 aprils erekle mefe duSeTTan See-

geba suxotins. sardali ori dRe gaCerda TbilisSi da

imereTSi gaemgzavra korpusis Casabareblad. gamgzavre-

bis win mefem suxotins orasi cxeni aCuqa misi Tanm-

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 272-274.

618

xlebi husarebisaTvis. ruseTis mTavrobis mier saqar-

TveloSi axali sardlis gamogzavnam didad gaamxneva

erekle, romelmac maSinve gaugzavna werili solomon I-s

da mouwoda dadianTan da gurielTan erTad Camdgariyo

imperatricas samsaxurSi1.

suxotinma, adgilobrivi mdgomareobis gacnobis

Semdeg graf panins acnoba, rogor Sexvdnen mas mefeebi

da mTavrebi, mefeebTan erTad ganixila Turqebis wi-

naaRmdeg brZolis gegma da imazec gaamaxvila yurad-

Reba, rogor azianebda totlebenis moufiqrebeli brZa-

nebebi saerTo saqmes da rogor samwuxaro mdgomare-

obaSi daxvda ruseTis korpusi2.

mefe erekle suxotinisgan moiTxova galaSqrebas

axalcixeze da ara foTze. misi azriT, radgan ruseTis

jari saqarTveloSi imyofeboda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos

jaris gasaZliereblad, suxotins unda gaeTvaliswine-

bina erekles Txovna, Tu ki mas imperatricas davaleba

ar hqonda foTze galaSqrebis Sesaxeb. mefe yovel

SemTxvevisTvis sardals afrTxilebda, rom klimatuრი

pirobebis gamo foTze galaSqreba isedac ar iyo goniv-

ruli da mas ar unda gaemeorebina totlebenis Secdo-

ma3.

mefe solomons Tavisi problemebi awuxebda. ruse-

Ti misgan moiTxvda dadianTan Serigebas da erTad

gamosvlas osmalebis winaaRmdeg. peterburgis gagebiT

es unda momxdariyo Tanasworobis safuZvelze. solo-

mon mefes ki Tavisi samefos interesebidan gamomdinare,

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 620-621. 2 iqve, gv. 623-629. 3 iqve, gv. 630.

619

dadainis sruli morCileba undoda1. amave dros is cdi-

lobda ruseT-TurqeTis omis SedgegebSi misi samefos

interesebic yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli. Tavisi es

survilebi man Camoayaliba n. i. paninisaTvis gagzavnil

(1771 w. 17 ivnisi) werilSi: `meored amas gevdrebi: Tuca Cvensa da osmanT Sua Serigeba ineboT, umjobesisaTvis, viTxov vedrebiT y[ovlad] d[i]id[e]bulis gulmwifobisa-

gan, rom rogoradac utyuelis da W[eSmari]tis ukaziT

1 maSin, rodesac solomonma paninisTvis werili dawera,

imave dRes man ucnobs miswera: `q. es sityva winaSe R[v]Tisa

da Tqvenisa aRsarebad gamicxadebia: Tu rom Cvenis dadia-

nis wyaloba isev Cvenve dagvemarTeba da gveboZeba dide-bulis Ãelmwifisagan, as qisas Cveneburs TeTrs, visac

mibrZaneb, mas mivabareb TqvenTvis. da didad gevedrebi,

rom saidumlos dahfaroT da ar gewyinosT. ivniss 17,

welTa 1771~. iqve, gv. 634. sagulisxmoa, rom anonimi adre-

sati ruseTSi mcxovrebi romeliRac cnobili pirovneba

iyo, romelsac mniSvnelovani gavlena hqonda saimperatoro

karze. vfiqrob miniSneba unda iyos graf paninze, ro-

melsac imave dRes solomonma gaugzavna werli, romelSic

igi ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa gamrigesgan moiTxovda: `da-

dianis Serigeba da, Semdgomad samarTali rom gamogec-

xadebinaT, Cveni sityva amas winaTac d~debulis Ãelmwifis

winaSe ganvacxadeT da raodensame S~d samarTalSi gamo-

vacxadebT naTlad; mara amas axlav viTxov Tqvenis war-

matebulis brwyinvalebisagan, rom, odes inebos y~d

d~bulma Ãelmwifema Cveni bWoba _ samarTali vrclad

iuwyoT da TanaSemwe gveqmneT samarTliT~. Цагарели А. А.,

Грамоты..., т. I, с. 304-305; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 633.

unda aRiniSnos, rom erekle II-m ekaterine II-s da graf

panins oficialurad gaugzavna Zvirfasi saCuqrebi 1771

wlis dekemberSi. maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv.

775-776.

620

gamocxadebuli gvaqvs, C[ve]nica TanSerigeba da ganTa-

visufleba srulyofiT, rom C[ve]nsa da osmanT Sua samtro saqme aRaraferi iyos. didad gevedrebi lmobi-erebiT, rom es aRgvisruloT da ar dagviviwyoT~1.

solomon I-sa da erekle II-s mokavSireobis aRdgena

zemoT aRiniSna, rom 1758 wels Teimuraz II-m da

erekle II-m gorSi solomon I-Tan gaaformes xelSekru-

leba megobrobisa da urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb da ga-

rkveul dromde cxovrebaSic ganaxorcieles. gavida

dro da erekle mefesa da solomon mefes Soris wina-

aRmdegobis umTavres sagnad gagaiqca solomon mefis

dadianTan Seurigebloba. naTlad gamoCda sxdasxva po-

litikuri Zalis interesebi. imereTis mefisa da dadi-

anis Serigebas cdilobda ruseTi da erekle II, magram

iseTnairad, rom Serigeba kompromisiT ki ar momxda-

riyo, aramed odiSis samTavros status-kvoSi koreqti-

vis solomon mefis sasargeblod Setanis gareSe.

ruseTs dapirispirebuli mxareebis Serigeba imgva-

rad undoda, rom imereTis samefos da odiSis sam-

Tavros gaerTianebuli ZaliT eomaT osmaleTis wina-

aRmdeg, magram ise, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda

gaZlierebuliyo solomon I.

erekle meores Zalian kargad esmoda, raSi mdgo-

mareobda dapirispirebis mizezi da mowinaaRmdegeebs

mouwodebda DSerigebisaken, magram is imave dros icavda

kacia dadianis, Tavisi naTesavis, interessa da damo-

ukideblobas. werilobiTi cnobebi kacia dadianis ere-

kle I-is ojaxTan naTesaobis sxvadasxva xarisxze miu-

1 iqve, gv. 633.

621

TiTeben. mouravovi werda: `qarTl-kaxeTis mefe ereklec

dadians uWers mxars, radgan misi coli, dedofali

darejani dadianis biZaSvilia~1; kapitani lvovic aRni-

Snavda, rom `dedofali, erekle mefis meuRle, naTesavia

dasaxelebuli dadianis~2; leon batoniSvilma da anton

I-ma kaTalikosma graf panins ganucxades: `saqarTvelos

dedofali kniaz dadianis da aris~3. yvelze sarwmuno

unda iyos darejan dedoflis werili Tavad mouravo-

visadmi, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom man `samegrelos

mflobelTan, Tavis Zma kacia dadianTan gagzavna Tavadi

mamuka xidirbegiSvili, raTa daiyolios miiRos monawi-

leoba TurqeTis winaaRmdeg momaval omSi~4. mTavari

isaa, rom kacia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefo ka-

risaTvis axlobeli, naTesavi iyo. vfiqrob, sadao ar

unda iyos, rom leon ufliswulma da anton kaTali-

kosma da, rac mTavaria darejan dedofalma yvelaze

ukeT icodnen, vin iyvnen erTmaneTisa qarTl-kaxeTis

dedofali da kacia dadini5.

solomoni, istoriuli samarTlianobis safuZvel-

ze, mTavrebisagan srul morCilebas moiTxovda. same-

fosa da odiSis samTavros Soris Camovardnil mtro-

1 Цагарели А., I, Грамоты..., т. I, c. 75. 2 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 899. 3 iqve, gv. 909. 4 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. I, gv. 427-428. 5 ruseTis samxedro korpusi axali Semosuli iyo saqarTve-

loSi, rodesac darejan dedofalma Tavadi mamuka xidir-

begiSvili gagzavna kacia dadianTan da urCia mieRo mona-

wileoba Turqebis winaaRmdeg omSi. Цагарели А., I, Грамоты и

другие исторические документы XVIII столетия, относящиеся к

Грузии, т. II, вып. II, c. 1769 по 1801 год, С.-Петербург, 1902, с. 245.

622

baSi mefe mTlianad kacia dadiansa da mis winaprebs

sdebda brals.

arsebobs 1771 wlis Tebervlis erTi saintereso

werili gagzavnili solomon mefis mier ruseTis impe-

ratorisadmi, romelSic mokled gadmocemulia imereTis

mefis odiSis da guriis samTavroebTan urTierTobis

mokle istoria, maTi imereTis mefis, ruseTisa da ime-

reTis samefos interesebis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba: roca

totlebenma foTze gailaSqra da alyaSi moaqcia, werda

solomon mefe, dadianma da gurielma amis Sesaxeb

acnobes Turqebs. Seityo ra maTi Ralati da isic

acnobes, rom Turqebi guriis sazRvrebs uaxlovdebo-

dnen, mefem dauyovnebliv Sekriba jari da maT winaa-

Rmdeg gailaSqra. Turqebi iZulebuli gaxdnen ukan

gabrunebuliyvnen. mefe daeufla gurielis samflobe-

loebs da iqaurebi daafica imperatoris erTgulebaze.

solomonma gurulebis daficebis dokumentic gaugzavna

ekaterines1. mefem gadaayena gurieli giorgi V da daa-

dgina mamia IV. amis Semdeg mefe dabrunda quTaisSi.

1 1771 wlis TebervalSi gaformda gurielis SeTanxmeba mefe

solomonTan: `dausabamo RmerTis madliT, am piruTvnel

fics vaZlevT Cvens xelmwife mefe solmons, Cven, gurieli

mamia, mitropoliti nikolozi, erisTavi daviTi, TavgiriZe

mamuka, maCutaZe ioane, nakaSiZe giorgi, tandarux sayvare-li, gugunava, Citan SalikaSvili, rostomi da kidev ros-

tomi, yvela Jordania da Wyonia, zaali da yvela jayeli,

yvela lexeureli, yvela akaneli, yvela xataieli da guri-is yvela mosaxle imaze, rom rodesac uwmindurma agarian-

elebma gamoilaSqres misi imperatorobiTi udidebule-

sobis jaris winaaRmdeg, maSin Tqven moxvediT Cvens qveya-

naSi, ixileT ra iq didi areuloba da uwesrigoba, Cven yve-

las gagvirisxdiT da yvela dagvaficeT misi imperatoro-

bis udidebulesobisa da Tqvens erTgulebaze, romelic

623

solomon I ekaterine II-s acnobebda imereT-samegre-

los dapirispirebis mizezebs da Tavisi kanonieri uf-

lebis aRdgenas moiTxovda, raSic gadamwyveti sityva

unda eTqva imperatricas. solomon mefe aRniSnavda:

amJamindeli dadianis _ kacias winapari, Tavadi saRira-

Ze yofila, solomonis mama-papaTa erTguli da qveSevr-

domi, amitom erTgulad msaxurebisaTvis erT-erT saRi-

raZes uboZa odiSis dadianoba, e.i. `mandaturT-uxuce-

soba eSikaRas-baSobisa~. roca Turqebi gaZlierdnen da

daipyres afxazeTis anakofia, Semdeg ki, mTeli afxaze-

Ti, dadianma isargebla areulobiT, ganudga imereTis

mefes da axalcixis jaris daxmarebiT kidev ufro

gaZlierda. solomonis papa aleqsandrem Sekriba imere-

Tis jari da dadiani da Turqebi daamarcxa. TviT dadi-

ani Seipyro da mTeli misi ojaxi sikvdiliT dasaja.

ase amowyda dadianis mTeli gvari, gadarCa mxolod mi-

si ukanono Svili, romelic arCilma waiyvana ruseTSi.

solomon mefis papam dadianebis magier daawinaura Ta-

visi axlobeli aznaurebidan giorgi Ciqovani, romelic

leCxumis Temis marTvelad daniSna. misi Camomavali

aris kacia dadiani, romelmac uRalata mefes da miem-

xro Turqebs. man solomonis papa mokla da leCxumi

miiTvisa da mTeli imereTi Turqebis monobaSi moaqcia.

Turqebma kacia odiSis damoukidebel mTavrad gaxades.

im droidan dadianebi imereTis mefes aRar emorCile-

Cven unda SevinaxoT da vibrZoloT uwminduri Turqebis

winaaRmdeg sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde; winaaRmdeg SemT-

xvevaSi ki, viyveT yovlisSemZle RmerTis, didebiT Semosi-li wminda samebis, oTxi patriarqisa da Tormeti mociqu-

lis mier gadacemulni anaTemas, CagvTvalos xelmwifem Ta-

vis mtrebad, Tqven ki gaanadgureT Cveni modgma. mamia guri-

eli~. Тамже, с. 291.

624

bodnen. roca solomon mefem osmaleTis sulTanTan da-

do zavi da daarwmuna, rom mTeli odiSi misi

samflobelo iyo, amis Taobaze sulTanma gamosca brZa-

neba, rom dadiani mefes damorCileboda. solomon mefem

sulTnis brZaneba ruseTis kars gaugzavna.

solomon I sTxovda imperators, rom masac ebrZane-

bina kacia dadianisaTvis damorCileboda mefes, xolo

leCxumi mefis sakuTrebaSi daebrunebina. Tu es ase mox-

deboda, maSin imereTis samefoSi mSvidoba daisadgureb-

da da mefe mTel Tavis yuradRebas osmaleTze gadaita-

nda. imereTis samefos mTeli mosaxleoba sisxlis uka-

nasknel wveTamde ibrZolebda saerTo mtris dasamarc-

xeblad da gasanadgureblad1.

1771 wlis ivnisSi solomon mefe da gen. suxotini

gadmovidnen qarTlSi, sof. xelTubanSi, sadac 15 ivniss

Sexvdnen erekle mefes da SeTanxmdnen im gegmaze, rome-

lic SeimuSava 5 ivliss quTaisis maxloblad banakSi.

dokuments Tavisi SeniSvnebi daurTo da xeli moawera

erekle mefem TrialeTSi 27 ivliss.

gegmis mixedviT, TurqebisaTvis unda CamoeSore-

binaT samegrelos da guriis samTavroebi. funqciebi ga-

nawilebuli iyo Semdegnairad: gen. suxotins rusuli

jariT alyaSi unda moeqcia foTi, qarTvelebi ki

rusebs daicavdnen alyaSi moqceuli foTis cixeSi gama-

grebuli Turqebis dasaxmareblad gamogzavnili jari-

sgan.

imave gegmis mixedviT, erekle mefis razmebs qveyana

unda daecvaT im mxareebidan, saidanac mosalodneli

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, 289-290; maWaraZe v., masalebi...,

nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 571-573; werilis dasawyisSi solomon

mefe ekaterine II-s uwodebs `TviTmpyrobels ruseTis, afxa-

zeTis, imereTis, svaneTisa da samegrelosi~.

625

iyo lekebis Tavdasxmebi. TviT mefe erekle ki 20 iv-

liss ZiriTadi ZalebiT (10 aTasi kaciT, 8 zarbazniT)

axalqalaq-axalcixe-yarsis mimarTulebiT unda SeWri-

liyo da Tavisken miezida TurqTa Zalebi raTa isini ar

miSvelebodnen foTis cixeSi gamagrebul Turqebs.

mniSvnelovani wvlili unda Seetana solomon me-

fes: is Tavisi 6-aTasiani jariT gavidoda baRdadidan

da gadaketavda axalcixidan imereTisken mimavali xeo-

bebs.

aseve mniSvnelovani funqcia unda SeesrulebinaT

gurielsa da dadians: guriels unda daeWira guriaSi

`Semosavalni gzani trapizonidgan, zRvidam da axalci-

xidam~, raTa veravis SeZleboda foTis cixisaTvis dax-

mareba.

dadians unda daecva afxazeTidan foTisken mima-

vali gzaze arsebuli xidebi, mdinare rionis marjvena

napiri ise unda gaemagrebina celis karamde, rom

suxotins hqonoda quTaisamde mimosvlis Tavisufali

gza.

mokavSireTa jarebs unda hqonebodaT 6 kviris sam-

yofi sursaT-sanovage.

gen. suxotini iTvaliswinebda aseT momentsac: SeiZ-

leboda axalcixel Turqebs imis imediT, rom am qalaqs

mtkice kedlebi aqvso, qalaqSi damcvelTa mcire razmi

daetovebinaT da danarCeni jariT foTis dasaxmareblad

wasuliyvnen, aseT SemTxvevaSi, erekle da solomon me-

feebs, axalcixis alyisaTvis saWiro jari daetovebinaT

da ZiriTadi ZalebiT foTisaken wasul TurqTa jars

ukan dadevnebodnen.

626

erekle mefem Tavisi xeliT miawera gegmas damate-

biT Svidi punqti, romelSic is gegmis ganxorcielebisa-

Tvis did mondomebas aRniSnavda1.

amgvarad, suxotinis mier SemuSavebuli 5 ivlisis

gegma iTvaliswinebda samxedro kampaniaSi kacia dadi-

anis monawileobas. magram amis gakeTeba odoSis mTavris

solomon mefesTan Serigebis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqnebo-

da. gen. suxotinma dadians solomonTan Serigeba moT-

xova da masTan podpolkovniki iuri bibikovi gagzavna.

imave Tvis 27 ivliss kacia suxotins sTxovda, rom is

xunwSi misuliyo da uSualod mieRo monawileoba maT

SerigebaSi. iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva mizezebiT ver gan-

xorcielda suxotinis foTis dapyrobis gegma, aseve am

droisaTvis ver moxerxda dadianisa da solomonis Se-

rigeba2. Riad darCa gurielis mefesTan Serigebis sa-

kiTxi3.

***

solomon mefes Zlier Wirdeboda erekle mefis Ta-

nadgoma. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe didi avtoritetiT sarge-

blobda ara mxolod saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi, mas,

rogorc ararTxel aRiniSna, angariSs uwevda osmale-

Tis sulTani, magram ereklesa da solomons Soris

ganxeTqilebis vaSlad gadaiqca kacia dadianisa da misi

samTavros sakiTxi.

solomon mefes SiSi hqonda, Tu erekles ar Seu-

rigdeboda, dadianisagan Tadasxma imereTze Turqebis

mxardaWeriT, yovelTvis mosalodneli iyo. amitom is

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 654-659. xelTubnis

gegmis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. iqve, gv. 62-68. 2 iqve, gv. 672. 3 iqve, gv. 680-681.

627

Tavs ikavebda osmaleTis winaaRmdeg samxedro aqciebis

mowyobaze. kapitani i. lvovi amasTan erTad aRniSnavda,

rom ramdenime dRis win dadianis Zma nikolozi, sakma-

od didi razmiT miuaxlovda imereTis sazRvars, magram

solomonma isini gareka da dadianis ramdenme sofeli

aiklo, samagierod dadiani SeiWra raWaSi da manac

solomonis kuTvnili ramdenime sofeli daarbia1.

mas Semdeg, rac imereTis samefoSi mSvidobam

daisadgura mefe solomonis Tavis ZmebTan _ arCilTan

da kaTalikos iosebTan Serigebis Semdeg, kapitan lvovs

daavala mefe ereklesTan wasuliyo maT Soris megob-

robis aRsadgenad. mefeebs Soris megobroba gulisx-

mobda erTmaneTis daxmarebas mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZo-

laSi. mefe solomoni iTxovda erekle mefes daeniSna

qarTlSi maTi Sexvedris adgili da dro. i. lvovi ere-

kles Sexvda kaxeTSi. mefe Zlier iyo dakavebuli, emza-

deboda xunZaxis mflobelis mucalis kaxeTze Tavdas-

xmis mosagerieleblad da apirebda qiziySi gamgzav-

rebas. ase, rom marTalia, solomonis SemonaTvaliT

gaixara ereklem magram dasaxelebuli mizeziT ar See-

Zlo zusti dros daTqma Sexvedrisa da xelSekrulebis

dasadebad2.

erekle da solomoni xedavdnen, rom ase gagr-

Zeleba ar SeiZleboda, saqveyno da sakuTari inte-

resebidan gamomdinare or samefos Soris urTierToba

qveynisaTvis sasikeTod unda mogvarebuliyo. 1773 wlis

ivnisSi isini erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. erekle graf pani-

nisTvis gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda, rom Sexved-

risas solomons urCia, rom dadiani da gurielic Semo-

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 866. 2 Цагарели А., Грамоты... т. I, c. 363-364; maWaraZe v., masalebi... naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 838-839.

628

erTebodnen samSvidobo molaparakebas, magram misi rCeva

ar gaiTvaliswines. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe pirobas debda,

rom `mefe solomonTan sazogado mterze, Cemis SeZle-biT, yovelTvis davicav imis Zmobasa da, raoden Se-miZlia, viqnebi aRmasrulebeli; da egreTve TviT mefe solomonc movale aris sazogadosa mtersa zeda... da Tu unda mefe solomon CemTan sworeTac ar dadges, me kidem Cemis SeZlebiT, rogorc piroba momirTmevia, mte-rze ar davSalo mteroba...~1

zogadi SeTanxmebis Semdeg, imave wlis ivlisis bo-

los qarTl-kaxeTisa da imereTis mefeebi Sexvdnen da

ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi msjelobis Semdeg2 gaa-

formes samokavSireo xelSekruleba Svid muxlad:

1. mefeebma piroba dasdes, rom samudamod daviw-

yebuli iqneboda is ukmayofilebani romlebic yofila

maT Soris;

2. mefeebi SurismaZiebelni iqnebodnen yvelas mim-

arT, vinc umtrobda ruseTis imperiasa da qristianebs;

3. erTmaneTs mieSvelebodnen jariTa da sxva yove-

li saSulebiT saqarTveloSi SemoWrili mtris winaaR-

mdeg;

4 Tu mefeTagan romelimes jari dasWirdeboda da

moiTxovda, vis teritoriazec Sevidoda damxmare jare

misi mflobeli kisrlobda valdebulebas, rom jars

uzrunvelhyofda sursaTiT da sxva aucilebel pirobeb-

sac Seuqmnida. im SemTxvevaSi Tu orive mefe erTad

Sevidoda jariT mtris qveyanaSi, maSin mefeebs TviTon

unda uzrunvelyoT TavianTi jari;

5. `dReis iqiT damnaSave Cvenzeda, rac unda rigi kaci iyos, Cvenni ymani, Tavadni Tu aznaurni, erTi

1 iqve, gv. 869-870. 2 iqve, gv. 878.

629

erTmaneTs, Tvinier nebiT gardasaxlebulni orsav mÃri-dam, glexi Tu sxva, dauyovnebliv mivsceT~-SeTanxmdnen mefeebi;

6. Tu romelime samefoSi usamarTlod `SfoTi aRi-Zras~, vinc ar unda yofiliyo misi wamomwyebi, Tundac

mefis Zma an Svili, mefeebi maSinve unda miSvelebodnen

erTmaneTs da CaeqroT SfoTi;

7. ramdenadac qveynis SeWirvebuli mdgomareoba ar

iZleoda imis Tqmis saSualebas, romel samefos ramdeni

jari unda hyoleboda, amitom am sakiTxis gadawyve-

tisaTvis unda dalodebodnen xelsayrel dros. amave

muxlSi mefeebma gamoTqves imedi, rom erToblivi Za-

lisxmeviT sisruleSi moiyvandnen zemoTaRniSnul mux-

lebs, ar mxolod TavianT sicocxleSi, aramed maTi

STamomavlebic ganaxorcielebdnen yovelgvari cvlile-

bebis gareSe1.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi mefeebis SeTanxmeba yvela-

saTvis ar iyo misaRebi. solomon mefe werda, rom `Cveni SeerTeba aravis unda~-o. SeTanxmebis mowinaaRmdegeTa

Soris iyvnen misi Zmebi _ kaTalikosi iosebi (1769-1776)

da arCili. gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas gamoxatavda ka-

Talikosi iosebi, romelic am dros mefes gadaayenebul

hyavda2. iosebma eklesiis damoukidebloba moiTxova,

1 iqve, gv. 877. 2 axlad xeldasxmuli iosebi 1769 wels, solomomma rostom

raWis erisTavTan Suamavloba daavala. iosebi erisTavTan

gaemgzavra da mefesTan Serigeba aRuTqva. imisaTvis, rom

rostomi mefis keTil ganzraxvaSi daerwmunebina, kaTali-

kosma barZimze daifica. erisTavi miendo kaTalikoss da

Tavisi Svidi vaJiSviliT mefesTan gaemgzavra varcixeSi.

solomonma Zmis mier dadebuli fici gatexa da rostomi

Tavis vaJebianad daabrmava, raWis saerisTavo ki gaauqma da

630

xolo arCilma mefes cixeebi da mamulebi mosTxova. ra

Tqma unda, yvelaze didi mowinaaRmdegeni iqnebodnen da-

diani da gurieli.

saqarTvelodan ruseTis jaris wasvla da erekles

da solomons Soris samokavSireo xelSekrulebis dade-

ba, romlis me-6 muxlSi xazgasmiT iyo aRniSnuli, rom

mefeebi erTmaneTs daexmarebodnen samefoebis SigniT

`SfoTis~ CamomgdebTa winaaRmdeg, garkveuli gagebiT,

mianiSnebda erekle mefis samegrelos samTavrosadmi

poziciis Secvlaze. bunebrivia, Secvlili viTarebiT

SeSfoTda kacia dadiani da man daxmarebis TxovniT mi-

marTa dedofal darejans, romelic aqtiurad monawile-

obda maSindeli saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi.

kacia dadianis werili (1773 wlis Tebervali) da-

rejan dedoflisadmi aris mfarvelis maZiebeli imed-

gacruebuli marTvelis aRsareba. is dedofals uyveba

Tavis Tavdadebul samsaxurze imperatricas generlebis

_ totlebenisa da suxotinisadmis: èqvss Tves asre via-xeli (totlebens _ e.m.), saxlic ar minaxavs da arc gavyrivar TviT, ZmiT, saxlikaciT da ymiT~1. totle-

benma, rogorc misTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo, mTavars

Tavdadeba da xarji ar daufasa. misi Sepyroba moindoma

da kaciam mxolod Tavisi Zmis giorgis mZevlad micemiT

daixsna Tavi. totlebenma kacias miswera: `Seni Zma giorgi ÃelmwifesTan unda waviyvanoo. giorgis es sityva eyurebina, daWerilis SeeSina da gamoeqca~. kacia mTeli SeZlebiT emsaxura general suxotinsac, magram

bolos imanac mZevali sTxova. dadianma suxotins

misi didi nawili samefo sakuTrebad gamoacxada. rexvia-

Svili m., imereTis samefo, 1462-1810, gv. 213-214. 1 iqve, gv. 880-881.

631

Tavadi CiCua misca, romelic suxotinma ruseTSi

waiyvana1.

kacia dadianis dedoflisadmi minaweridan ise Cans,

rom man miuxedavad mravalgzis mcdelobisa, ver SeZlo

rusi generlebis gulis mogeba, raTa maT daecvaT

mTavari solomon mefis pretenziebisagan da exla da-

rejan dedofals sTxovs Suamavlobas: `magram am mefes (solomoni _ e.m.) da Cven Tu ver mogvarigebT, rarigaT moxdeba Cveni samsaxuri da an jarSi ase damterebuli Tu gavereviT, Torem Tu gavrigdiT, samsaxuri, R[v]Tis mowyalebiT, rac sxvas SeuZlia, Cvenc SeviZlebT~2.

kaTalkosma iosebma mefe-Zmisagan dacva sTxova ka-

pitan i. lvovsac, romelic Suamavali iyo mefisa da

kaTalikosis mosarigeblad. kaTalikosi iosebi brals

sdebs i. lvovs, rom mas daujera: `me da mefe rom vim-durodiT da Tqvenis sityviT da SuamdgomlobiT rom gavrigdiT, maSin Cemi yoveli saqme gamogicxade da ro-melime TvaliT naxeT. radgan maSin inebeT da Suam-

1 iqve, gv. 881. 1771 wlis ivlisSi, rodesac suxotinma Seimu-

Sava foTis cixis aRebis gegma, werili gaugzavna erekle

II-s, romelSic acnobebda, rom 5 ivlisisaTvis daniSnuli

laSqroba gadaido 20 ivlisisaTvis, imave dros erekles

sTxovda kampaniis gegmaze moewera xeli da generlisaTvis

gaegzavna mZevali axlobel naTesavTagan. iqve, gv. 664. sapasuxo werilSi erekle mefe sayvedurobda generals,

rom is Tu gaiTvaliswinebda mefis erTgul samsaxurs

saerTo mterTan brZolaSi, àRar iyo saWiro (mZevlis _ e.m.) Txovna amisi CvenTvis~. iqve, gv, 679. XVI-XVII

saukuneebSi ruseTis samefo karis mier saqarvelodan sxva-

dasxva formiT mZevlebis wayvanis mcdelobis Sesaxeb ix.

mamisTvaliSvili e., saqarTvelos sagareo politika da

diplomatia, II, gv. 418-433. 2 iqve, gv. 882

632

dgomel iqmeniT da gagvarigeT, me Tqvens sityvas ver-wmune, Tvara amaTi ambavi dia kargad vicodi, da rac miTxar, dagemorCile, mermeT wigni vaaxel mefes da gaZlebas vevedre, rom an gamaZlebineT, an erTi gza momeci-meTqi. amazed rac mamuli mqonda, sruliad wamarTo da romelic sakaTalikoso Sesamoseli da samRTo iaraRi iyo, sul yvela mTxova. me, Cemis saTxovelis magivrad, es miyo~. radgan xelmwifem Sen dagniSna mTeli saqarTvelos

mayureblad, mimarTavs ioseb kaTalikosi i. lvovs, gaige

ras memarTleba mefe ase umowyalod rom momepyroo. mefe

kaTalikoss uars eubneboda iseTi sigelis micemaze,

romliTac miecemoda imereTis samefodan wasvlis ufleba.

kaTalikosi pirdapir sdebda brals i. lvovs: `radgan Tqven gagvarigeT, vali gaqvs, rom WeSmaritebiT Seityo Cemi danaSauli da, Tu araferi danaSauli maqvs, Sengan viyavi garigebuli da Senganve viTxov, rom amis magieri pasuxi sworebiT mibZanoT~1.

zemoT citirebuli kacia dadianis darejan dedof-

lisaTvis gagzavnili werilidan iseTi daskvnis gamo-

tana SeiZleba, rom mTavari mzad iyo garkveul kom-

promisze wasuliyo darejanis SumavlobiT gamarTul

mefesTan molaparakebis dros2. rogorc gamoCda, de-

1 iqve, gv. 885. 2 1773 wlis 29 seqtembers gagzavnil am werilze kaTalikos

iosebs, rogorc misi sxva werilidan Cans, kapitan i. lvo-

visagan pasuxi miRebuli ar hqonda 1774 wlis 15 Tebervals.

iqve, gv. 914. 1771 wlis ivnisSi solomon mefes, suxotinis

winadadebiT dadianTan mosalaparakeblad Tavisi Zma kaTa-

likosi iosebi gaugzavnia, magram dadianma mkvlelebi mi-

ugzavna, iosebi gadarCa, daWres misi erT-erTi mcveli.

iqve, gv. 643. iosebi manamdec asrulebda solomonis diplo-

matiur davalebebs. ix. rexviaSvili m., imereTis samefo,

1462-1810, gv. 212

633

dofali sruliad sxvagvarad fiqrobda: misTvis miu-

Rebeli iyo imereTis mefis imdenad gaZliereba, rom

samegrelos mTavari misi morCili gamxdariyo. misi ase-

Ti damokidebuleba kacias da mefis Serigebisadmi kidev

ufro gamoCndeba qvemoT. werilis mixedviT, erTi Se-

xedviT, iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos kacia da-

diani mzad iyo Serigeboda solomon mefes da daek-

mayofilebina misi moTxovnebi, ris momxre, albaT, mefe

ereklec iyo. magram, rogorc Cans, sxvagvarad fiqrobda

darejan dedofali. misi principuli pozicia iyo kacia

dadianisaTvis imereTis mefisgan sruli damoukideblo-

bis SenarCuneba da ruseTis xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi

Seyvana.

pirvel rigSi yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba,

rom erekle II-is elCebma _ leon batoniSvilma da

kaTalikos-patriarqma anton I-ma panins moaxsenes ara

mefis, aramed dedoflis brZanebiT (`saqarTvelos de-doflisagan gvebrZanao~) is argumentebi, romlebic

dadianis sasargeblod metyvelebdnen misi samTavros

tradiciuli damoukideblobis Sesaxeb, romlebic mTa-

vars uflebas aZlevdnen solomon mefis daukiTxavad

Sesuliyo ruseTis xelmwifis mfarvelobaSi. àxla kni-az dadiani iTxovs, _ werda dedofali darejani, _ raTa imis imperatorobis didebulebis poddanobasa Si-na miRebul iyos da es brZaneba hqondes, Tu rodesac TviTon moindomos wamosula umaRles karzed da an Tavis kaci gamogzavnos, amazed damyenebeli aravin iyos imisi~1.

1 iqve, gv. 909-910.

634

***

ruseTis jaris saqarTvelodan wasvlis, ruseTis

xelisSemSleli faqtoris Sewyvetis Semdeg, rusul

dokumentebs Tu davujerebT, ruseTis mTavroba yvela-

fers akeTebda qarTuli politikuri elitis Sesa-

rigeblad da osmaleTis winaaRmdeg dasarazmavad, sinam-

dvileSi isini ganxeTqilebas nergavdnen, qarTvelma

mefeebma daiwyes damoukidebeli aqtiuri sagareo poli-

tikis gatareba.

1773 wlis 16 oqtombers mefeebi _ erekle da so-

lomoni 5-5 aTasi kaciT (erekles damatebiT hyavda 1

aTasi daqiravebuli osi, Tagaureli da inguSi da

hqonda 6 qvemexi) SeiWrnen axalcixis safaSoSi, kerZod,

javaxeTSi da 6 dRis ganmavlobaSi aikles da miadgnen

yarssa da ardagans, alya Semoartyes, agreTve, axal-

qalaqs. maT ganzraxuli hqondaT galaSqreba yarsis

mxares, magram solomon mefe gacivebis Sedegad mZimed

daavadda da qarTvelTa jari iZulebuli gaxda Seew-

yvita laSqroba da ukan, saqarTveloSi dabrunebuliyo.

rogorc i. lvovi werda, laSqrobis Sewyvetis sxva mi-

zezic arsebobda: qarTuli jari SesamCnevad Sesustda.

nadavliT datvirTuli meomrebi TviTneburad brunde-

bodnen saxlebSi1.

erekle II-m werili gaugzavna ruseTis vice-

kancler Tavad m. golicins da madloba gadauxada im

keTilganwyobisaTvis, romelsac is iCenda batoniSvil

leonisa da kaTalikos anton I-s mimarT. imave dros

mefe acnobebda kanclers solomon mefesTan erTad

TurqeTis samflobeloebSi mowyobili warmatebuli la-

Sqrobis Sesaxeb. werilis dasasruls erekle mefe

sTxovda kanclers daxmareboda mis elCebs, romlebic

1 iqve, gv. 887-889.

635

peterburgSi Cavidnen qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mfarvelo-

baSi miRebis saTxovnelad1.

yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom zemoaRniS-

nuli werili, romelic Sedgenilia 1773 wlis noemberSi

(ar viciT misi zusti TariRi), ekuTvnis mxolod erekle

mefes, maSin, rodesac imperatricasTvis da graf pani-

nisaTvis gagzavnil werilebs xels aweren erekle da

solomoni.

TavianTi warmatebuli samxedro eqspediciis Sesa-

xeb erekle II-m da solomon I-ma dauyovnebliv acnobes

ekaterine II-s da garf n. panins2. dasaxelebul adre-

satebs mefeebi pirdebodnen, rom kvlavac didi mon-

domebiT gaagrZelebdnen imperiis mtrebis winaaRmdeg

brZolas. vfiqrob, radgan kancler golicinisaTvis gag-

zavnili werilis mizani iyo misTvis madlobis gamoc-

xadeba erekles elCebisadmi keTilganwyobisaTvis da

imave dros iyo Txovna elCebisaTvis im saqmeSi daxma-

rebis Sesaxeb, risTvisac isini gaigzavnen peterburgSi,

erekles ar undoda am Tavisi umniSvnelovanesi diplo-

matiuri Canafiqris Sesaxeb, garkveul dromde, scodnoda

imereTis mefes. sxva werilebSi ki, romlebsac orive

mefe awerdnen xels, sityvac ki ar aris elCobis Sesa-

xeb.

sainteresoa, rom, rogorc kapitan-poruCiki i. lvo-

vi graf panins acnobebda (1772 wlis 30 ianvari), man da

gen. suxotinma araferi icodnen erekle mefis mier el-

Cobis ruseTSi gagzavnaze da roca es ambavi Seityo,

maSinve imereTidan aRmosavleT sqarTveloSi gadavida,

1 iqve, gv. 891. 2 iqve, gv. 892-895.

636

magram, rogorc misi mokle moxsenebidan Cans, verc aq

miRo rame mniSvnelovani informacia1.

maSin, rodesac qarTl-kaxeTis da imereTis mefeebi

aqtiur sagareo politikas atarebdnen, dadiani da

gurieli Zveleburad keTil urTierTobaSi iyvnen Tur-

qebTan da maT mokavSire afxazebTan2.

erekle II-is gegmis proeqti (1771 wlis 30 dekemberi) ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb

sruliad bunebrivi iyo, rom qarTveli politiko-

sebi ruseT-TurqeTis omSi monawileobiT sakuTari inte-

resebis ganxorcielebas cdilobdnen, zogierT sakiTxSi

isini erTmaneTs ar eTanxmebodnen da ruseTis SezRu-

dul korpuss TiToeuli maTgani Tavisken eqaCeboda.

erekle mefe ruseTis daxmarebiT, upirveles yovlisa,

Tavisi samefos problemebis mogvarebisaTvis misi jaris

gamoyenebas cdilobda, kerZod, undoda osmaleTisa da

iranis mier dapyrobili qarTuli miwebis ganTavisuf-

leba, lekTa Tavdasxmebis aRkveTa da samefo xelisuf-

lebis ganmtkiceba; solomon mefe rusebis gamoyenebiT

cdilobda daemorCilebina urCi mTavrebi _ dadiani

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, c. 334; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 781.

2 p. g. butkovi aRniSnavda: 1770 da Semdgom wlebSic kacia

dadiani acxadebda ruseTis imperatorisadmi Tavdadebul

erTgulebas, iseve rogorc orive qarTveli mefisadmi,

magram ramdenjerme iqna mxilebuli TurqebTan saidumlo

molaparakebaSi, maSin roca misi meuRle iyo raWis

eriTavis mogvare, xolo da solomon mefis meuRle.

Бутков П. Г., Материалы..., I, c. 284.

637

(saqarTvelos am umsxvilesi mTavris sakiTxSi qarTl-

kaxeTis samefo kars gansxvavebuli midgoma hqonda _

cdilobda daecva samegrelos samTavros damoukideb-

loba, rac or qarTul samefos Soris uTanxmoebis

mizezi iyo), gurieli da msxvili Tavadebi, ganexor-

cielebina sanukvari mizani _ sabolood aRekveTa

adamianebiT vaWroba da ganemtkicebina samefo xelisuf-

leba; dadiani da gurieli cdilobdnen erTsa da imave

dros ruseTis politikuri partniorebi yofiliyvnen da

misi daxmarebiT SeenarCunebinaT da gaeZlierebinaT ime-

reTis mefisgan damoukidebeli arseboba. imave dros

isini sulTnis karTanac inarCunebdnen karg urTierTo-

bas, ramdenadac isini solomon mefis mteri iyvnen.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri viTare-

bis gamoyenebiT ruseTis mTavroba cdilobda Careuli-

yo imereTis samefos saSinao saqmeebSi, eTamaSa Semri-

geblis roli ise, rom mSvidoba ar Camovardniliyo

dasavleT saqarTveloSi. dasavleT sqarTvelos susti

politikuri erTeulebis Cabma osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

mcire masStabian TavdasxmebisaTvis (aseTi politikis

ganxorcielebas cdilobda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mima-

rTac), ruseTis jaris naklebad monawileobiT, ufro

sworad, yofiliyo maprovocirebeli maTi osamleTTan

SejaxebisaTvis. aseTi politikiT igi asustebda qar-

Tul samefoebs, imave dros problemebs uCenda osma-

leTis saxelmwifos aRmosavleT periferiaze.

rusi politikosebi da diplomatebi saqarTvelos-

Tan urTierTobas formalurad agebdnen qristianul

kacTmoyavareobasa da sustis dacvis principebze, rom

isini iRwvodnen qristianuli saqarTvelos muslimanTa

monobisagan daxsnisaTvis, rasac, garkveuli mniSvnelo-

ba hqonda marTlmadideblur samyaraSo ruseTis mesian-

uri propagandisa da politikuri poziciebis ganmtkice-

638

bisaTvis. rusi politikosebisa da diplomatebis gage-

biT, aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, motyuebul qarTvelebs,

rac SeiZleba meti adamianuri da materialuri resursi

unda gaeRoT ruseTis osmaleTze gamarjvebisaTvis.

ganxiluli wyaroebis xazebs Soris wakiTxva visac

SeuZlia makafiod dainaxavs, rom erekle II da solomon

I mSvenivrad erkveodnen ruseTis diplomatiis cbiere-

baSi, misi warmomadgenlebis _ generlebis saqcielSi,

romlebic moqmedebdnen saimperatoro karis mier mice-

muli instruqcebis mixedviT, raSic qarTvelobisaTvis

sasikeTos naklebad xedavdnen. miuxedavad, imisa, rom

ruseTis jari ise gavida saqarTvelodan, rom ruseTis

mTavroba, romelic qarTvlobis sikeTisaTvis mzrunve-

lad aCvenebda Tavs, ise wavida saqarTvelodan, rom

sityvieraTac ki ar gamouTqvams TanagrZnoba ganrisxe-

buli mtrebiT garemoculi saqarTvelos mosaxleobi-

saTvis (gavixsenoT rogor miatova petre I-ma qarTlis

samefo analogiur sitiuciaSi, rac katastrofuli Se-

degiT damTavrda). irani da osmaleTi qarTvel mefeebs

did danaSaulad, ufro sworad, Ralatad uTvlidnen

ruseTisaTvis mxardaWeras osmaleTis winaaRmdeg omSi.

am omSi monawileoba qarTul mxares iran-osmale-

Tisagan Tavis daxsnis bolo Sansad miaCndaT. isini,

ruseTisagan zurgSqceulni da mitovebulni, mainc mis-

gan moelodnen xsnas da mzad iyvnen garkveul msxver-

plze wasuliyvnen, oRondac misi mfarveloba moepove-

binaT, cdilobdnen raime saxiT SeenarCunebinaT urTi-

erToba ruseTTan.

1771 wlis 29 dekembers erekle II graf panins

swerda, rom garemoebani ar aZlevdnen saSualebas, pi-

radad swveoda ruseTs. Turme mas bavSvobidan hqonda

survili enaxa sruliad ruseTis da saimperatoro

taxti da yovladmowyale monarqisTvis Caebarebina Tavi-

639

si Tavi da samflobelo. magram mezoblebisgan Seqmnili

dabrkolebebi ar aZlevda Canafiqris sisruleSi moy-

vanis saSualebas. amtom man Tavisi usamRvdeloesi Zma

(biZaSvili) antoni da Svili leoni, gagzavna peterbur-

gSi, raTa imperatricas moaxsenon saqarTvelos ambebi1.

meore dRes erekle II-m imperatricas gaugzavna 18

muxlisagan Semdgari xelSekrulebis proeqti, romli-

Tac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo mzad iyo Sesuliyo ruseTis

mfarvelobaSi:

1. ruseTs qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi unda gamoeg-

zavna oTxaTasiani gawrTvnili an naxevari gauwrTvneli

jari, raTa qarTul jarTan erTad ebrZola Turqebis

winaaRmdeg. ruseTis da saqarTvelos jarebis meTaurebs

unda emoqmedaT erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebiT;

2. erekles da mis STamomavlebs tradiciis mixedviT

unda emarTaT saqarTvelo.

3. ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis Semdeg qarTl-

kaxeTis samefo eklesiuradac damoukidebeli unda dar-

Ceniliyo

4. yirimSi gamosyidul qarTvel tyveebs unda misce-

modaT samSobloSi dabrunebis saSualeba;

5. rodesac qarTul rusuli jari erTad gaaTavi-

suflebda mtrisagan warTmeul qarTul miwebs, im Tan-

xas, romelsac rusi jaris saWiroebisaTvis daxarjavs

ruseTis mTavroba, erekle daubrunebs xazinas im ga-

dasaxadebiT, romelsac qarTl-kaxeTis samefo kari

amoiRebda gaTavisuflebuli mxaris mosaxleobisgan;

6. radgan TurqebTan omis dros `didi xarji dagve-marTa~ _ weria proeqtSi, erekle mefe ruseTis mTavro-

bas sTxovda sesxs qarTuli jaris Sesanaxad.

1 am elCobis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. v. maWaraZis narkvevi, iqve,

gv. 77-83..

640

7. Tu daakmayofildeboda zemoaRniSnul moTxov-

nebi, pirobis simtkicisaTvis erekle ruseTis xel-

mwifes pirdeboda: `mivarTmev Zesa Cvensa romelsame da egreTve raodensame kniazsa Tqvens yovlad didebulsa Ãelmwifesa da aznaurTaca SeZlebisaebr Cvenisa~;

8. rac rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi madneuli

iyo cnobili da rac SemdgomSi aRmoCndeboda, iqidan

sargeblis naxevari ruseTis xazinas gadaecemoda;

9. yoveli im komlidan, romlebic mefes emorCile-

boda, TiToeul komlis gadasaxadidan 14 Sauri ruse-

Tis xazinaSi gaigzavneboda;

10. yovelwliurad imperatricas miarTmevda 14 sau-

keTeso cxens;

11. erekle imperatricas sTavazobda im xarks, rome-

lsac uxdida or weliwadSi erTxel xan osmaleTsa da

xan sparseTs, `cxras tyves da kvamlzed ToTxmets Sa-urs, da amasac im tyveebis mosamzadebelis xarjisaTv-is~;

12. `da kidem ormocdaaTs sapalnes rCeuls Rvinos Tavisis xarjiT TÂT waiRebdnen saÃelmwifoT: da sxva Cven am Rvinos, ricxviT ori aTas vedras, romelic Cven rCeuli Rvino iSoeba, yizlars Cveni xarjiT mivitanT saÃelmwifoTa~;

13. `rodesac ZaliTa da SewevniTa Tqvenisa didebu-lebisa korpusisaTa, rac osmalTa warTmeuli mamulebi gvaqus da im adgilebs daviWerT, imaT mogarTvan xarji Tqven yovlad didebulsa Ãelmwifesa, rac rom ruseTis imperiaSi Tavadis yma aZlevs, imisi naxevari xarji~;

14. `Tu rom kaxeTis warTmeuli adgilebi davi-

WireT, bednierobiTa Tqvenis didebulebisa, amasac, ro-

gorc zemore dagviweria, im saxiT vamsaxurebT: komlze ToTxmet Saurs weliwadSi, da imav adgilebidan weli-

641

wadSi abreSums oras fuTsa im qveynidan, da, Tu meti SeviZeliT, mets movarTmevT didebulobasa Tqvensa~;

15. mefe evedreboda imperatricas, rom momaval

gazafxulze dapyrobil iqnes `qveyana axalcixisa~. Tu moxdeba ruseTisa da osmaleTis Serigeba, maSinac ki

axalcixe unda SeuerTdes qarTl-kaxeTis samefos, rad-

gan igi saqarTvelos nawilia, mosaxleoba qarTulad

laparakobs da maTi nawili qristiania nawili ki _

axali gamahmadianebuli;

16. rodesac saqarTvelo muslimanebisagan gaTavi-

sufldeba da damSviddeba, `maSin Cvenis Zvelad qone-bulis samefodamac da axlad daWerilis qveynebidamac~ mefe imperators miarTmevs, rac ruseTis imperiaSi su-

lzed saldaTi aZes, Cven imdens kvamlzed mivarTmevT saldaTs Tqvensa didebulebasa~;

17. mefe pirobas debda, rom Tu rusTa korpusis

ZaliT romelme mtris `qveyanas~ daiWers, is teritoria

imperiis gankargulebaSi gadava1.

proeqtis muxlebidan, iseve rogorc erekle mefis

ruseT-TurqeTis periodis mravalricxovani sxva doku-

mentebidan, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs misi

politikisa da diplomatiis upirvelesi mizani, rogo-

rme qarTl-kaxeTis samefos omiT an mSvidobiani saSua-

lebebiT daubrunos iranisa da osmaleTis mier mitace-

buli qarTuli teritoriebi, upirveles yovlisa, Tur-

qebis mier axalcixis safaSod gadaqceuli odindeli

samcxe-saaTabago. rogorc iTqva, proeqtis bolo pun-

qtSi xazgasmulia, rom qarTl-kaxeTis mefe Tu am

1 iqve, gv. 764-766. Sdr. iqve, gv. 78-79. proeqtis rusuli

Targmani ix. Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, c. 329-332; igive teqs-ti ix. maWaraZe v., masalebi..., naw. III, nakv. II, gv. 761-763.

642

umTavres mizans mSvidobiani meTodebiT miaRwevs, maSin

mas arc erT sxva teritoria TavisTvis ar ainteresebs,

magram Tu aseTi ram mainc moxdeba da romelime ara-

qarTuls daipyrobs, mas upirobod gadascems ruseTis

saxelmwifos. magram am winadadebiT pragmatikosi rusi

politikosebis moxibvla SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan, sava-

raudod, is araqarTuli miwebi, romlebic SeiZleboda

erekles daepyro, ruseTi mis aTvisebas ver SeZlebda

ruseTis sazRvrebidan siSorisa da uSualod midgomis

SeuZleblobis gamo.

axalcixis ganTavisuflebisadmi mkafiod gamoxatu-

li uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gamoamJRavna rusuli

korpusis sardalma grafma totlebenma, romelmac Seg-

nebulad CaSala axalcixeze laSqroba. arc gen. suxo-

tinma dauWira mxari erekles axalcixeze galaSqrebaSi.

rogorc zemoT ganxiluli masalebidan Cans, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebi calcalke (imere-

Tis samefo calke, odiSisa da guriis samTavroebi er-

Tad an odiSis samTavro calke) cdilobdnen moepo-

vebinaT ruseTis mfarveloba.

1773 wlis 27 aprils levan batoniSvilma da kaTa-

likosma anton I-ma panins warudgines qarTl-kaxeTis

samefos ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis zemoaRniSnuli

pirobebi. elCebs sakmaod dagvianebiT, daaxloebiT 8

Tvis Semdeg werilobiT acnobes, rom imperatrica kma-

yofilebiT gaecno mefe erekles Txovnas, magram sxva-

dasxva mizezTa gamo (teritoriulad siSore, mefe-mTa-

vrebs Soris uTanxmoeba, jaris gagzvnas Wirdeboda

didi dro, xarji da sxv. rac mTavaria Turqebi ver See-

guebodnen qarTvelebis ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi

643

Sesvlas), saqarTvelos miReba mfarvelobaSi da jaris

xelaxla gagzavna ar SeeZlo1.

imave ricxvSi imperatricam erekle II-s gaugzavna

miaxloebiT igive Sinaarsis sigeli mowodebiT, rom

qarTl-kaxeTis mefes imereTis mefe solomonTan erTad

gaegrZelebinaT mtruli moqmedebebi osmaleTis mimarT2.

ruseT-TurqeTis omis (1768-1774) dasruleba da saqarTvelo

mTavar frontze ruseTi aRwevda warmatebas. ruse-

Tis meore armiam yirimi daikava. adgilobrivi mosax-

leoba da xani mzad iyvnen gaewyvitaT kavSiri osmaleT-

Tan. imave dros izrdeboda centraluri evropis umniS-

vnelovanesi saxelmwifoebis SeSfoTeba ruseTis samxed-

ro warmatebebis gamo. izrdeboda omis safrTxe Sve-

ciidan, avstriis poziciac metad saeWvo Canda; xangr-

Zlivma omma moRala ruseTis armia da saWiroebda Sev-

sebas. ruseTis saimperatoro kars mizanSewonilad miaC-

nda miRweuliT dakmayofilebuliyo, angariSi gaewia os-

maleTis saxelmwifos interesebisTvis da zogierTi

daTmobiT daedo zavi. aseTi ganwyobilebis dros ruse-

TisaTvis mniSvnelobas kargavda saqarTvelo. 1772 wlis

25 ianvars ekaterine II-m brZana ruseTis saeqspedicio

korpusi saqarTvelodan gaewviaT, saWurvelis nawili

solomon mefisTvis daetovebinaT, saqarTvelos saqmee-

bis `zedamxedvelad~ daetovaT kap. i. lvovi.

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 902-903. 2 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, c. 394-397; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 902-904.

644

1772 wlis 4 Tebervals ekaterine II-m saimperatoro

sigelebiT erekle II-s da solomon I-s calcalke

acnoba, rom miuxedavad ruseTis mTavrobis mcdelobisa

raime seriozuli warmatebisTvis mieRwia saqarTvelos

frontze da xarjic gaswia, raime mniSvnelovani Sedege-

bi ar mohyolia. amis mTavari mizezi qarTveli mefe-

mTavrebis tradiciuli uTanxmoeba da TiToeulis Tavi-

si kerZo interesebisaTvis zrunva iyo. amitom saqarTve-

loSi ruseTis jaris datoveba imperatricas miaCnda azrs

moklebulad. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, ekaterine erekles

hpirdeboda portasTan zavis dadebis dros gaiTvalis-

winebda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos interesebs. ufro metic,

Tu erekle mefe warmatebiT ibrZolebda portas winaaR-

mdeg da mas teritoriebs waarTmevda, ruseTis mTavroba

yovelnairad Seecdeboda zavis pirobebiT daemtkicebia

SenaZeni1. sigelidan Cans, rom ekaterine iTvaliswinebda

erekle mefis mudmiv swrafvas osmalebis mier mitacebu-

li qarTuli miwebis dabrunebisTvis da am dapirebiT

cdilobda SeenarCunebina xidi masTan Semdgomi urTier-

TobisaTvis.

solomonisaTvis gagzavnil werilSi ZiriTadad ga-

meorebulia is motivacia, rac gaxda ruseTis mier

saqarTvelodan Tavisi jaris gawvevis gadawyvetilebis

safuZveli. imperatrica solomon mefesac hpirdeboda,

rom portasTan zavis dadebis dros gaTvaliswinebuli

iqneba imereTis samefos interesebi.

ekaterine II specialurad amaxvilebda yuradRebas

foTis cixis sakiTxze, romlis dapyrobisaTvis solo-

monma 1771 wlis 27 oqtombers ekaterines da panins

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, c. 334-335; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 791-792.

645

sTxova denTi da mezarbazne1. imperatricam daukmayofi-

la solomons es Txovna2.

ekaterine da panini, rogorc maT mier saqar-

TveloSi gamogzavnili werilebidan Cans, ruseTis mier Tavisi korpusis saqarTvelodan gawvevis miuxedavad, aqezebdnen qarTvelebs gaegrZelebinaT brZola dasuste-bul osmaleTTan. grafi panini saqarTveloSi myof Ta-

vis warmomadgenels, kap. lvovs avalebda moexdina qar-

Tvel mefeebze zegavlena, raTa maT gaegrZelebinaT omi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg3.

ruseTis mier jaris gawveva saqarTveloSi cnobi-

li gaxda 1772 wlis aprilSi, ramac erekle mefis mwvave

reaqcia gamoiwvia. man 21 aprils werili gaugzavna pa-

nins, romelSic Zalian mokled, magram sworad iyo gad-

mocemuli qarTl kaxeTis sagareo mdgomareoba ruseTis-

TurqeTis omis dawyebis win. erekle aRniSnavda: `sanam-dis misi imperatorebis didebulebis brZaneba mogvivi-doda TurqT mterobisaTvis, dazavebiT da mSvidobiT viyaviT xvanTqarTan, Serigebulni da dawynarebulni, da sparseTis mflobels xanebTan aseTis saqmiT viyaviT: zogni SeSinebulni gvyvanden da xarks gvaZlevden d zogni megobrobiT dazavebulni, leknic zogni Semori-gebulni gvyvandnen da zogT SeSinebas vscdilobdiT da zogni lekni maTis SeZlebiT gvmtrobden da qveynebs gviÃdenden, magram ramdensame weliwadSi Cvenis qveynis saqmeebi RuTiT warmatebaSi mogvyuanda. da axla am saqmeebiTa da amisTanas winadadebaTagan, romelic zemo-re dagviweria, saqarTveloSi qristianoba mospobis da

1 iqve, gv. 740-741, 743-744. 2 iqve, gv. 793-794. 3 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, c. 341-342; maWaraZe v., masalebi..., na-wili III, nakv. II, gv. 799.

646

srulebiT aRoÃrdebis, Tu es korpusi aqeTgan ukmo-brundebis~1.

1772 wlis maisSi ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris da-

ido droebiTi zavi. misi gamoZaxili iyo mefe ereklesa

da axalcixis faSas Sorisac droebiTi zavis gafor-

meba, magram am ukanasknelma uari Tqva droebiTi zavis

imereTis samefoebze gavrcelebaze. suleiman faSam ime-

reTs Seusia lekebi, romlebic solomon mefem sastikad

daamarcxa. amis Semdeg droebiT zavi imereTis samefos-

Tanac Sevida ZalaSi.

***

solomon mefem Tavis samefoSi ZiriTadad Seasusta

mtrulad ganwyobilo mTavrebisa da msxvili Tavadebis

opozicia, magram zogieTi mowinaaRmdege qveynis SigniT

Tu gareT mainc cdilobda Tavis miznebis gansaxorci-

eleblad gaenadgurebina qedudreki mefe da imereTis

samefo daebrunebina osmaleTis sulTnis gavlenaSi. am

mxriv friad saintereoa `qaixosro abaSiZis2 SemoTava-zebebi da Sefasebebi TurqeTis mier saqarTvelos dapy-robis Semdeg kvlav rusebis mfarvelobis qveS myofi solomonis mmarTvelobaSi Sesul saqarTvelosTan da-kavSirebiT~. werili mniSvnelovan cnobebs Seicavs so-

lomon mefis sagareo politikasa da diplomatiis isto-

riis Sesaswavlad. masSi gadmocemuli faqtebi sagulis-

xmos xdis, rom is dawerili unda iyos 1772 wels.

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 800-801. weri-

lis rusuli Targmani ix. Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, c. 343; ma-WaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 803.

2 rogorc kap. i. lvovisgan vigebT, qaixosro solomon mefis

siZe (qaliSvilis qmari) iyo. Цагарели А., Грамоты... I, с. 403; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 916.

647

stambolSi gadaxvewili qixosro abaSiZe uyveba su-

lTnis moxeles, rom solomoni mas daemtera osmaleTi-

sadmi erTgulebis gamo, waarTva odesRac Turqebis mier

gadacemuli suris (?) cixe-simagre. `cixis Cabarebis moTxovnaze me SevewinaaRmdege: ès cixe me diadma saxelmwifom Camabara, Sen ra uflebiT iTxov am cixis gadmocemas?~

qaixosro abaSiZe ganagrZobs: mogvianebiT solo-

monma Tavisi qaliSvili suleiman begs miaTxova im pi-

robiT, rom Cildiris (axalcixis) vali numan faSa mas

Suamavlobas gauwevda sulTnis winaSe saqarTvelos (im-

ereTis) marTvelobis misTvis gadacemis sakiTxSi. sule-

iman begi daukavSirda numan beis da acnoba, rom `so-

lomoni Sen 400 qisa aqCes da as tyves mogcemso~. aseT-

nairad moxerxda saqarTvelos marTvelobis solomo-

nisaTvis gadacema. suleiman begma da numan faSam saqa-

rTveloSi gadasaxadebis amkrefebi gagzavnes da qaixos-

ros mosTxoves suris cixis solomonisTvis gadacema,

rac man daakmayofila. amis Semdeg qaixosrom oTxi ba-

toniSvili (maT Soris kaTalikosi iosebi) waiyvana sta-

mbolSi raTa gaego fadiSahis TanxmobiT moxda Tu ara

mefis mier abaSiZis cixis CamorTmeva. axalcixeSi, su-

leiman begis dasmeniT, kaTalikoss borkili daades,

batoniSvilebi ki, Seipyres da solomons gaugzavnes ma-

sTan dazavebis mizniT.

qaixosrom sakuTari TvaliT naxa, rom ruseTis elCma

solomons qudi da xmali gadasca1. `solomonma qudi

1 rusebis, saxeldobr eketerine II-is da potiomkinis mier

solomon II-isaTvis saCuqrebis, kerZod, oqros qamrisa da

gvirgvinis gamogzavnis Sesaxeb, gvacnobebs Turqi istori-

kosi jevleT-faSac. Джевдет-паша, Описание событий в Грузии

и Черкесии, по отношению к оттомфнской империи от 1192 года

648

daixura, xmali welze Semoirtya da elCs ganucxada: `Savi zRvispireTi Cemia, me dReidan moskovis mefes vbardebio~. amis Semdeg, rogorc qaixosro acxadebda, mefesTan misi

Serigeba `diadi saxelmwifos~ Ralati iqneboda. man

SearCia dro da ukacrieli gzebiT, mSier-mwyurvali jer

Tbilisze da aWaraze gavliT mivida janikSi (?),

gamuslimanda da fadiSahis mfarvelobaSi Sevida. misi

azriT, xelsayreli dro iyo imereTSi SesaWrelad, radgan

moskovis mxridan tyvia-wamlis, sabrZolo masalis, didi

raodenobiT jaris da sursaTis Camosvla SeuZlebeli

iyo. qaixosros arc imis Tqma gamorCa, rom erekle da so-

lomoni ramdenjerme Sexvdnen da damegobrdnen1.

***

axalcixis faSam, raTa javaxeTis dalaSqvrisaTvis

erekle da solomon mefeebisaTvis samagiero gadaexada,

imave wlis ianvarSi imereTs Seusia 2 700 leki da 1

aTasi Turqi arcTu didi xnis winaT gadabirebuli aba-

SiZeebis kuTvnili simagre vaxanidan. igive faSa SeTan-

xmebuli iyo dadianTan, rom es ukanaskneli afxazebTan

erTad, Seaviwroebda solomon mefes.

rodesac erekle mefem Seityo solomon mefis mimarT

samtro ganzraxulobis Sesaxeb, man maSinve gaagzvna kaci

dadianTan da urCia Tavi Seekavebina imereTis mimarT

по 1202 год хиджры (1775-1784 гг.) // Переведен с турецкого.

«Русский архив», 1888, 3, с. 375. 1 saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi osmalur saarqivo dokumenteb-

Si, gv. 197-199. abaSiZeTa gvaris orWoful moqmedebaze XVIII

saukunis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, saintereso cnobebi dag-

vitova kap. i. lvovma gr. n. i. paninisaTvis gagzavnil 1774

wlis 28 Tebervlis werilSi, maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili

III, nakv. II, gv. 915-918.

649

mtrul moqmedebaze. imave dros man daiwyo jaris Sekreba,

რaTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daxmareboda solomons.

erekles mier dadianis Sekavebam saSualeba misca

solomons mTeli Zala waremarTa lekebisa da Turqebis

gaerTianebuli jaris winaaRmdeg. isic gaxda cnobili, rom

erekle jariT miiswrafoda solomonis dasaxmareblad da

ukve gorSi imyofeboda. SeSinebul mters ukve ganzraxuli

hqonda axalcixeSi gabruneba. 6 Tebervals solomoni

jariT Tavs daesxa maT da sastikad daamarcxa1.

1774 wlis 21 ivliss quCuq-kainarjSi dadebuli xe-

lSekrulebiT dasrulda ruseT-TurqeTis omi2. qarTl-kaxeTis da imereTis samefoebma TavianTi samxedro Za-liT da diplomatiiT gauZles ruseTisa da osmaleTis zewolas da garkveul warmatebasac miaRwies.

1774 wlis 5 seqtembers ekaterine II-m saimperatoro

sigelebiT acnoba erekle II-s da solomon I-s osma-

leTTan zavis dadebisa da am traqtatis saqarTvelosa-

Tvis mniSvnelobaze. sigels darTuli hqonda traqtatis

23-e muxli3, romelSic specialurad iyo aRniSnuli

omis Semdgomi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. imperatrica traq-

tatis am muxls sakmaod gansxvavebulad ganmartavda qa-

rTveli mefeebisaTvis gamogzavnil Tavis sigelebSi.

imperatrica erekle II-s swerda: ruseTis imperiasa

da otomanTa portas Soris omis keTilad damTavrebis

Semdeg gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mTeli saqarTvelos saki-

Txic, kerZod misi uSiSroebisa da keTildReobis Se-

1 Цагарели А., Грамоты... т. I, с. 402-404; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 915-917.

2 sazavo pirobebis Sesaxeb. ix. Дипломатический словарь, т.

II, Москва, 1961, с. 163-164. 3 23-e muxlis rusuli teqsti ix. Цагарели А., Грамоты... т. I, с. 413; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 921.

650

saxeb da amis gamo qarTveli mefeebi d mTavrebi dar-

Cebodnen ruseTis taxtis kmayofilni. rogorc impera-

trica acxadebda, is samarTlianad afasebda im gmiro-

bas, romelic qarTvelebma Caidines misi nebis aRsas-

ruleblad da TavianTi samSoblos sasargeblod1.

imave ricxvSi solomon mefisaTvis gagzavnil sige-

lSi imperatrica vrclad SeCerda traqtatiT gaTvalis-

winebul im saintereso sakiTxebze, romlebic osmaleTs

avaldebulebda daecva imereTis samefos mosaxleobis

simSvide, ar eZia Suri omis dros imerlebis mier

gaweuli winaaRmdegobisa da miyenebuli zaralisaTvis,

ar unda moeTxova xarki, romelic iTvaliswinebda go-

go-biWebis micemas, ar Seeviwroebina maTi religiuri

rwmena, monastrebi da eklesiebi, ar SeeSala xeli Zve-

li eklesiebis aRdgenisa da axlebis aSenebaSi; osmale-

Tis mTavroba unda dakmayofilebuliyo im simagreebiT,

romlebic uZvelesi droidan iyo mis mflobelobaSi

imereTSi, xolo sxva koSkebi da simagreebi darCeboda

qarTvelTa mflobelobaSi2.

ruseTis mTavrobam gadawyvita omis dasrulebamde

gaeyvana Tavisi jari saqarTvelodan. aman SeaSfoTa qar-

Tveli politikosebi romelTaTvisac cxadi iyo is garTu-

lebebi, romlebic Seiqmneboda uSualo mezoblebisagan3.

isini uperspeqtivo da saSiS momavals aRweren im werileb-

1 .Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 409-410; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 931-932.

2 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., т. I, с. 410-411; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 922-923.

3 saqarTvelosaTvis ruseT-TurqeTis omis Sedegebis Sesaxeb

ix. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria, xuT tomad, t.

V, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 70-73; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III,

nakv. II, gv. 89-94.

651

Si, romlebsac ugzvnidnen imperatricas da mis umaRles

moxeleebs da arc sayvedurs eridebodnen. maTi samarTli-

ani gagebiT, saqarTvelos aseT mdgomareobaSi Cavardna ru-

seTis brali iyo da mas Tavisi danaSauli unda gamoesyida

qarTuli samefoebis Tavis mfarvelobaSi SeyvaniT _

diplomatiurad da delikaturad iTxovdnen isini.

am mxriv friad sainteresoa erekle mefis werili,

saqarTveloSi ruseTis warmomadgenlis kap. i. lvovisa-

dmi (1773 wlis 3 dekemberi), romelsac evaleboda re-

gularulad moexsenebina ruseTis mTavrobisaTvis ad-

gilze arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb. sayuradReboa, rom

erekle mefis werili dawerilia agreTve solomon me-

fis saxeliTac.

erekle mefe wers: `sruliad umaRles karsac yo-

vlad umdablesad movaxseneT. da odesac Cemi Zma (gulisxmobs anton I kaTalikoss _ e.m.) da Svili maTis imperatorebis didebulebis winaSe rom warvagzavne, rac mosaxsenebeli iyo Cemi, yovelive movaxsene Cems mowyales dids Ãelmwifes da jerac arc erTis saqmis mowyaleebisa rezolucia ara gvboZebia da am saqmis gamo Cveni qveyana uzesTaesad oÃrdebis da JamiTi Jamad Cemis qveyanis kacTan yovelsferSi naklebad var da-

rComili, rom mtrebma Zala uyo~1. mefe wuxs, rom ar Seswevs Zala yvela mters _ le-

kebsa da osmalebs erTdroulad gaumklavdes. wuxs ag-

reTve imis gamo, rom SeiZleba Tavisi qveynis `kacTTan~

Tavi Seircxvinos. da Tu raime danaSauli Caidina ruse-

Tis xelmwifis an qveynis winaSe iTxovs mas gadaaxde-

vinos `da ara Tu amdens qristianeT amave dros mowya-

lebisa da aRdginebisa Tavisi didebuli Ãeli ar ubo-

Zos da yoveli saqarTvelo _ imereTi, qarTli da

1 maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 896.

652

kaxeTi am SeWirvebas ar moarCinos da barbarozTagan am SeWirvebisa da mwuxarebisagan da ar gaanTavisuflos~.

erekle mimarTavs i. lvovs, rom is Tavisi TvaliT

xedavs ra gaWirvebaSia qveyana da mudam anugeSebs, rom

ùmaRlesis maTis imperatorebis didebulebisagan dag-

debuli ar iqnebiTo~. amis imeds vinarCunebT, magram Tu

momaval zafxulamde Cveni moTxovnebis `rezolucia~ ar

gveboZeba da ruseTidan jari ar mogveSvelebao, mefes

Zalian cudis molodini aqvs. amitom is i. lvovs

sTxovs: ès Cemi wigni umaRles kars wargzavnoT da romelnic me da solomon mefem vedrebaebi orTave gamogicxadeT, isinic, Tumca imedica gvaqvs, aqamdis imisi umaRles kars moxsenebisa, pirvelni saqmeni kidemac kvalad moaxsenoT jerisamebr da ganwesebisa... egebis amav zamTars mowyalebis rezolucia gveboZos Cvenis moxsenebulisa da vedrebisaebr~1.

vidre i. lvovi peterburgs acnobebda qarTveli

mefeebis Txovna-moTxovnebs, manamde, 31 dekembers ruse-

Tis sataxtoSi batoniSvil levans da kaTolikos an-

tons moaxsenes, rom imperatrica siamovnebiT gaecno

erekle II-is Txovnas ruseTis mfarvelobaSi saqarTve-

los miRebisa da jaris xelaxla gagzavnis Sesaxeb, ma-

gram im mizezebis gamo, romelTa Sesaxeb zemoT ukve

iyo saubari2, dakmayofileba ar SeuZlia.

imave ricxviTaa daTariRebuli ekaterine meoris ana-

logiuri Sinaarsis werili erekle meorisadmi3. masSi

1 iqve, gv. 897. 2 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, с. 394-397; maWaraZe v., masalebi... na-

wili III, nakv. II, gv. 900-902. 3 Цагарели А., Грамоты..., I, с. 397-399; maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv. II, gv. 902-904. igive ganmartebebia n. paninis

653

`dasabuTebulia~ Tanamedrove periodSi ruseTsa da saqar-

Tvelos Soris formaluri kavSiris damyarebis SeuZle-bloba erekles da solomonis mier gatarebuli antiosma-luri politikis gamo, radgan ruseTs Tavisi saqmeebi osma-leTTan ukve mogvarebuli aqvs samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT.

ruseTis samxedro korpusis gasvlidan ramdenime xnis

Semdeg ereklem ganamtkica qveynis politikuri mdgo-

mareoba, aRadgina mSvidobiani mezobloba im qveynebTan,

romelTa interesebSic Sedioda kvlav moZlierebul qa-

rTl-kaxeTis samefosTn urTierTobis gaumjobeseba.

erekle cdilobda gaeumjobesebina urTierToba osmale-

TTanac. sakuTar Zalebze dayrdnobiT erekle II-m qa-

rTl-kaxeTis samefos morCilebaSi winandeburad moa-

qcia ganjis, yarabaRis, naxWevanisa da erevnis saxanoebi.

magram, rogorc Cans mefes da mis kars mopovebuli si-

mSvide droebiT movlenad miaCndaT da kvlav cdilobda

ruseTis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlas.

solomon mefem SeZlo Tavisi xelisuflebis ganm-

tkiceba _ dadiani da gurieli daimorCila, qveyanaSi

mSvidobam daisadgura. imis gamo, rom mudmivi SiSi hqon-

da osmaleTis, eZiebda mokavSires sparseTsa da ruseT-

Si, magram dadebiT Sedegs ver miaRwia.

`warmatebas~ miaRwia erekle II-m. misi xelmZRvanelobiT

qarTvelma da rusma diplomatebma daaxloebiT aTi wlis

Semdeg gaaformes mfarvelobiTi traqtati, magram ruseTis

xelisuflebam rogorc aqamomde ar Seasrula adre dadebu-

li arc erTi xelSekrulebis pirobebi, aseve moepyro e.w.

giorgievskis traqtatsac da mieca Tu ara SesaZlebloba,

saqarTvelo gadaaqcia Tavis koloniad. mogvianebiT igive

bedi, imave `mokavSirisagan~ ewia imereTis samefosac.

werilSi ereklesadmi. maWaraZe v., masalebi... nawili III, nakv.

II, gv. 906-907

654

diplomati garsevan WavWavaZe da

mitropoliti paisiosi

XVIII s. meore naxevris da XIX saukunis dasawyisis

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saekle-

sio moRvawe iyo goreli garsevaniSvilebis gvaris war-

momadgeneli, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi paisiosi. igi,

rogorc irkveva, politikuri moRvawec iyo, ris Sesaxeb

aqamomde araferi vicodiT. misi moRvaweobis am mxaris

Sesaswavlad zogierT mcire informacias Seicavs gar-

sevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxa, qarTlis mTavarepis-

kopos kiriles mier 1766 wlis 26 seqtembers mRvdel pe-

tre (SemdegSi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi paisiosi) gar-

sevaniSvilisaTvis micemuli dekanozobis wyalobis ga-

naxlebis wigni, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa erekle II-is

da giorgi XII-is elCis moskovis karze, garsevan

WavWavaZis werili gamogzavnili paisiosaTvis peterbur-

gidan. aris dokumentebi, romlebSic aisaxa mTavarepiko-pos paisiosis moRvaweobis kidev erTi mxare, kerZod,

rogor cdilobda igi daecva Tavisi naTesavi goreli

garsevaniSvilebis uflebebi da qoneba maTi konkurenti

Zlieri gvaris _ ananiaSvilebis xelyofisagan1.

petre jer goris oqonis eklesiis mRvdeli iyo.

Semdeg kirile mTavarepiskoposma garsevaniSvilebis Zve-

li sigelebis safuZvelze, petres daumtkica goris

dekanozoba. saeklesio ierarqiaSi petres dawinaurebis

saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWes imas, rom

igi gamoirCeoda Tavisi ganaTlebiT. friad sainteresoa

mTavarepiskopos kiriles mier gacemuli sigeli, romel-

sac moviyvan mTlianad, radgan igi mravalmxriv sainte-

1 mamisTvaliSvili e., goris istoria, I, meore gadamuSavebuli

da gavrcobili gamocema, Tbilisi, 2018, gv. 540-545

655

resoa da Tanac qveyndeba pirvelad. mTavarepiskoposi

kirile wers: `q. nebiTa da შewevniTa m~RთisaTa. qarT-

lis mTavar episkoposman kirileman ese samkvidro da saboloo gamosadegi wigni da niSani giboZeT, Sen garsevanis Svils mRdels petres da demetres da Zmasa Sens iakobs, svimons da momavalTa saxlisa SenisTa, ase rome odes sulbrwyinvales mefeT mefes Tamars (gorSi _ e.m.) goraze saydari aeSenebina da Tavis sasoeba

oqonis xati iq daesvenebina, da imisi dekanozoba Tqven-Tvin eboZebina, masaqeT marTl madidebelT mfeTa da w~aTa patriarxTa da y~d samRvdeloTa mTavar epis-koposTagan gorisa da oqonis saydris dekanozoba gbo-

ZebodaT da Zveli siგlebic gqondaT, Cven ase dagimt-

kiceT da giboZeT goris dekanozoba, rome aras kacs SenTan xeli aravis hqondes. cotas xans Tqvens saxlSi patiosanni mRdelni micvalebuliyvnen da samRdelo arvin yofil iyvnen. da Tqvenis nebiT sxva mRdeli dageyenebinaT. merme Sen gamoizarde da gagSinjeT mRTis madliT swavla da mecniereba gqonda moZRvroba da yoveli samRTo saqme SegeZlo. da am eklesiazed ga-kurTxeT, da mogeciT goris dekanozoba da gori samw-ymsoT mkvidrica da eulica. vinc gorSi qarTvelni

iyvnen sxva mRdels xeli arvisa hqondes. Tu Seni neba ar iyos sxva mRdelma gorSi verc vin monaTlos, verc mkudari damarxos, verc gvirgvini ekurTxos, vercavin uwiros da vercavin aRsareba aTqmevinos. amisTvis rom am saydarzed nakurTxi xar da moZRvrobac SegiZlia. Tu vinme amisi win aRdgomoba ikadros da es wigni Seuracx hyos, is mRdeli gankveTili iyos da eris kaci wyevasa qveSe Seyenebuli iyos. gqondes da gibednieros R~Tn, xelmwifeTa da eklesiis Sigan. ese ase gagiTavdes.

656

da araodes ar mogeSalos arc Sen da arc vinc Sens ojaxSi mRvdeli gamovides...~1.

ar vici rodis xeldasxes paisiosi mTavarepisko-

posad. pirveli dokumenti, romelic paisioss samTavros

mTavarepiskoposad warmogvidgens, aris mefe erekle II-

is mier misadmi gagzavnili 1782 wlis werili2. Semdgomi

periodis dokumentebSi paisiosi gorisa da samTavros

mTavarepiskoposad moixsenieba. amave wodebiT vxedavT

mas da igive kaTedra ekava 1801 welsac, magram araa

cnobili rodemdis. amis garkvevas Sevecdebi qvemoT.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs is, rom ro-

gorc garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxaSia aRniS-

nuli, mTavarepiskopos paisioss, Tavisi drois gans-

wavlul moRvawes, erekle II-is brZanebiT SeuTxzavs 1783

wlis traqtatis proeqti, romelic Semdeg ruseTis impe-

rator ekaterine II-s gaegzavna. nusxaSi vkiTxulobT:

`paisios gorisa da samTavros mTavarepiskopozi. aman, viTarca Tavis droÁsa mecnierman, brZanebiTa mefisa iraklisaTa, aRwera (SesTxza) traxtati, dadebuli

CRpgsa welsa (в 1783 г.), saqarTvelos mefis irakli meo-risa Teimuraz meoris Zisagan ruseTis imperatrica eka-tirina meoresaTana, nebayoflobiT micemasa zeda sa-qarTvelosasa~3. amgvari faqtis damadasturebel doku-

mentur masalas me ar vicnob da verc specialur li-

teraturaSi moviZie raime msgavsi informacia. am saki-

Txis garkveva miT ufro sainteresod meCvena, rom, sam-

wuxarod, mkvlevarTaTvis sarTod araferia cnobili,

vin monawileobdnen qarTuli mxaris mier SemuSvebuli

1 goris saxelmwifo istoriul eTnografiuli muzeumi, #160.

SemdegSi _ gsiem 2 gsiem, 7601/55. 3 gsiem, #162

657

saxelSekrulebo muxlebis proeqtis Sedgenasa da wes-

rigSi moyvanaSi, an saerTod Catarda Tu ara amgvari sa-

muSao qarTl-kaxeTis samefo karze.

vfiqrob, is, rac garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo

nusxaSia paisiosis mier georgievskis traqtatis proeq-

tis Sedgenis Sesaxeb, unda momdinareobdes erT-erTi

dokumentis erTi sityvis araswori gagebidan. vidre do-

kuments gavecnobodeT, unda iTqvas, rom ruseTis impe-

riis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Semdeg gairkva, rom

qarTvel Tavad-aznaurebs aucilebeli dokumentebiT

unda daemtkicebinaT TavianTi warmomavloba, rac rusu-

li biurokratiis pirobebSi sakmaod rTuli iyo da did

dros moiTxovda.

iese garsevaniSvilma specialur komisias warud-

gina 1825 wlis aprilSi gacemuli mowmoba, romlidanac

Canda, rom rostom mefis droidan mis gvars ukve hqo-

ndaT aznauris wodeba. mowmobaSi ar iyo aRniSnuli vin

Seadgina igi. mowmoba adasturebs, rom ieses, mis Zmas

da biZaSvilebs didi xnis winaT qarTvelma mefeebma

uboZes aznaureba. iqve aRniSnulia im mefeebis saxelebi

da maT mier boZebuli sigelebi, romlebidanac Cans,

rom isini iyvnen aznaurebi da yma-mamulis mflobelebi.

am saintereso dokumentSi naTqvamia, rom igi `mieca ese goris uezdis namdvilTa aznaurTa mRvdels ieses da Zmasa missa sÂmons da biZaSvilTa maTTa ioanes da Te-odoss garsevanovTa misTÂs romel igini aswarmoeben ima saaznauros gvaris garsevanovTagan, romelic aris Caweril siasa1 Sina traxtatisadmi CRg welsa, ianvris

1 vfiqrob, garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis Semdgenle-

bis mier gakeTebul komentarSi iqna daSvebuli Secdoma da

amis gamo gaCnda mosazreba, rom paisiosi iyo georgievskis

traqtatis teqstis Semdgeneli. es Secdoma gansakuTrebiT

658

kT1 wardgeniTa gansuenebulis mefis iraklisagan ruse-Tisa saimperatoros karisadmi, da damtkicebuli gansu-enebulis ruseTis imperatricaÁsa ekaterinesgan da ari-sca gvari ese aznaurTagani, romelica winaTa welTa Sina waredgenies gvar------ba2 TÂsi da Rramatani mefis rostomisa Zmiswuli simon pirvelisa da Ze daviTisa, damowmebuli ekklesiasa zeda, qarTulsa qronikonsa tlz3 da meore mefis giorgisa vaxtang mesamis4 Zisa, bo-ZebulTa ymisa da mamulisa 1681 welsa da masTanave war-modgenili dokumenti boZebuli gansuenebulis mefis vaxtangisagan pirvel Sesaval sazogadod garsevanov-Tadmi, ZvelTa warmoebaTa gvarTa maTTa qoronikonsa

C~T5, romliTganaca-------~6. paisiosi rom seriozuli avtoritetiT sargeblob-

da samefo karze, amas adasturebs garsevan WavWavaZis

mier ruseTidan paisiosisaTvis gamogzavnili 1801 wlis

29 ianvris werili. sayuradReboa werilis TariRi, rome-

lzec yuradRebas vamaxvileb imitom, rom mkiTxveli-

saTvis gasagebi gaxdes ramdenad sainformacio vakumSi

amyofebda ruseTis samefo kari qarTvel politikur

reliefurad gamoCnda k. koCuaSvilis werilSi. misi wakiTx-

viT _ `siasa~ nacvlad `saxlsa~, rac mniSvnelovnad cvlis

dokumentis mniSvnelobas garsevaniSvilebis sasargeblod,

TiTqos maT saxlSi gadaiwera georgievskis xelSekrulebis

proeqti. koCuaSvili k., georgievskis traqtati da gori. gaz.

`gamarjveba~, 01. 05. 1982. sinamdvileSi dokumentSi aris is,

rac zemoTmoyvanil amonaridSi weria _ `siasa~. 1 1783 wlis 28 ianvari 2 ar ikiTxeba. savaraudod unda iyos: gvarovnuloba. 3 1649 w. 4 laparakia vaxtang V Sahnavazze. 5 Secdomaa. unda iyos 1708 weli. 6 gsiem, #7602/876. bolo sami xazi ar ikuTxeba.

659

moRvaweeebsa da diplomatebs ara mxolod TbilisSi,

aramed imperatoris karze mivlinebul saqarTvelos wa-

rmomadgenlebsac ki peterburgSi da maT umalavda

Tavis gegmebs saqarTvelos mimarT.

rogorc cnobilia, 1800 wlis 28 dekembers ruseTis

imperatorma, pavle I-ma (1796-1801) giorgi XII-is gardac-

valebisTanave brZana qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis

Sesaxeb, magram mas amis ganxorcieleba ar dascalda.

igi SeTqmulebma mokles. misma memkvidre aleqsandre I-ma

(1801-1825) 1801 wlis 12 seqtembers gamosca manifesti, ro-

melic saqarTveloSi gamoqveynda 1802 wlis 12 aprils

ruseTis jariT alyaSemortymul sionis taZarSi. amgva-

rad, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo gauqmda da SeuerTda ru-

seTs.

imperiis dedaqalaqSi myofma zemoxsenebulma cno-

bilma qarTvelma diplomatma garsevan WavWavaZem, rome-

lic 1783-1801 wlebSi imyofeboda qarTl-kaxeTis sru-

luflebian ministrad (elCi) peterburgSi. misi werili-

dan vigebT, rom man isic ki ar icoda, ruseTis impe-

rators ukve ganaCeni hqonda gamotanili qarTl-kaxeTis

samefos damoukideblobisaTvis, rom imperiis Semadgen-

lobaSi samefo unda Sesuliyo guberniis saxiT. g. Wa-

vWavaZis werilis Sinaarsi da paTosi gamoricxavs qar-

Tveli diplomatis mier qarTuli samefo karisa da xa-

lxis Segnebulad, ganzrax SecdomaSi Seyvanas1. is rom

SemdegSic cdilobda daecva samefo dinastiisa da sa-

mefos interesebi, amaze SemdegSi vityvi.

1 Цагарели А. А., Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII сто-

летия, относящиеся к Грузии, т. II, выр. II, с 1769 по 1801 год, С.-Петер-

бург, 1902, с. 300-301.

660

rodesac saqarTveloSi movida cnoba ruseTis mTa-

vrobis gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb, 1801 wlis 30 ivliss

qarTl-kaxeTis samefos taxtis memkvidre daviT giorgi

XII-is Ze Tavad platon aleqsandres Ze zubovs swerda:

Cemma mSobelma mefe giorgim im ganzraxviT ki ar gada-

sca Tavisi samefo Rirssaxsovar imperator pavle pet-

res Zes, rom samudamod Sewyvetiliyo misi saxlis mem-

kvidreobiTi mefoba. amas mowmobs maRali saministros

mier bolos gadmogzavnili muxlebi, romlebic Cemi

mSoblis TxovniT gadmomigzavnes Tavadebma, avalovma

da falavandovma. isini gadmomces me, rogorc taxtis

memkvidres, raTa damematebina is, rac mas aklda. dava-

mate 16 punqti. magram mosalodneli dakmayofilebis

nacvlad, damtoves Cemi yovelgvari wodebisa da Rir-

sebis gareSeo1.

1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestis gamoqveynebis

Semdeg, peterburgSi qarTvelma elCebma _ garsevan Wav-

WavaZem, giorgi avaliSvilma da eleazare falavandi-

Svilma 6 noembers protesti ganucxades ruseTis mTav-

robas, kerZod, sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis xelmZRvanels,

vice-kancler a. b. kurakins. elCebi mosTqvamen imis gamo,

1 «Родитель мой царь Георгий отнюдь не с таковым намерением подверг

царство свое блаженной памяти Государю императору Павлу

Петровичу, пресеклось навсегда царствование в доме его по Наследству.

Свидетельствуют сему последнеприсланныя от высокого министерства

пункты, доставленныя мне и поднесенныя [мне] как Наследнику от

князей Авалова и Палавандова, чтобы дополнить то, что в прозьбе

Родителя моего не доставало, что я и учинил, прибавя еще

шестнадьцать пунктов (?), _ но ныне, вместо чаемаго удовлетворения,

оставили меня от всего моего звания и достойнства». Цагарели А. А.,

Грамоты и другие исторические документы XVIII столетия,

относящиеся к Грузии, т. II, выр. II, с 1769 по 1801 год, С.-Петербург,

1902, с. 299-300.

661

rom saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis aqti gamo-

qvynebulia, manifesti Sedgenili da damtkicebulia, Cven

ki araferi vicodiT amis Sesaxeb, ucxo xalxma da Cven

erTroulad gavigeT amis Sesaxeb. Cven nawyeni da

ubedurebi varT. am SeerTebiT orive samefoSi pati-

viscema da ndoba davkargeTo1.

davubrundeT g. WavWavaZis werils mTavarepiskopos

paisiosadmi, romelic pirvelad qveyndeba. ruseTis

xelisuflebis mier SecdomaSi Seyvanili qarTveli

elCi paisioss saimedod usaxavs samSoblos momavals

imperiis mfarvelobis qveS. diplomati, werilis pirvel

nawilSi mRvdelmTavars jer udasturebs misadmi pati-

viscemas, Semdeg ki im sikeTeze esaubreba, rasac mo-

utans saqarTvelos ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobaSi

Sesvla: `maTs yovlad samRvdeloebas, ufals mTavarepi-skopozs paisios, mowyales Ãelmwifes marjuÀnes sur-viliT ambors Sevkadreb... vinaTgan Txovna sanatrelis mefisa giorgisTa yovlad umwyalesobiT mazed didman monarxman yovelTa TxovaTa da yovelsa sazogadoebas Cvens da bedniersyo mfarvelobasa da monebasa TÂssa miRebiTa, moveliT maxviliT mterTagan ganTavisufle-basa, aramed umetessa keTildReobasa mamulisa Cve-nisasa~2. yovelive amis gamo, qarTveli diplomatis

azriT, mTavarepiskoposma paisiosma unda daamSvidos

giorgi XII-is gardacvalebis Semdeg erTmaneTTan da-

pirispirebuli qarTl-kaxeTis samefos taxtis preten-

dentebi, romlebsac diplomati ar asaxelebs. maT So-

ris arsebuli usiamovnebis Sesaxeb imperiis sataxtoSic

ki yofila cnobili. garsevan WavWavaZis azriT, paisi-

1

Цагарели А. А., Грамоты..., т. II, выр. II, с 1769 по 1801 год, с. 300-301 2 gsiem, #7602/1004

662

osma unda moaxerxos, rom ar moxdes ganxeTqileba sa-

mefo ojaxSi: ùkanaskneli ÃmaÁ mizezi gaxsenebisa Cemi ese ars Tqvenis yovlad samRvdeloebisadmi, vinaiTgan mesmis mcire ganumzomoba uTierTsadmi saxlsa mefeTa CvenTasa viTa ars usargeblo Cveuleba saqarTvelosi, romelsac Sesabamad Tqvenda vracx, rom moiRoT Sroma viTa Svenis saxesa da mdgomareobas Tqvensa da ukeTu iyos mcire raimeca ganremxomoba ecadneT damSvidebasa sadaca -----1 Seesabamebodes. moZraoba rom ganxeTqileba xalxSi ara moxdesra da gulsavse hyoT romelnic TÂnier mefobisa daSTebian ara umciresi pativi da sar-gebloba eqnebaT, yvelani mefed xom ver iwodebian magaTni samefo ar aris. Tqvenc mogexsenebaT. da ro-disac umaRlesis karidam (peterburgidan _ e.m.) warmogzavnilni Tavadi avalovi2 da Tavadi falava-ndovi3 moiwevian madlobis werilebiT4, maSin maTs im-

1 ar ikiTxeba. 2 giorgi avaliSvili (1769-1850), ganaTlebuli (ganaTleba

miiRo ruseTSi), enebis mcodne, mwerali, mTargmneli. man

didi roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos ruseTTan dakavSirebis saqmeSi. 1784-1801 wlebSi iyo qarTl-kaxeTis samefos war-

momadgeneli ruseTis imperatoris karze. 1819-1820 wlebSi g.

avaliSvilma moiara aRmosavleTis wminda adgilebi da

dagvitova Tavisi mogzaurobis aRweriloba. kekeliZe k., qarTuli literaturis istoria, II, Tbilisi, 1958, gv. 694-696.

3 eliazare falavandiSvili qarTveli elCi ruseTis impera-

toris karze. 4 giorgi avaliSvilsa da eleazare falavandiSvils saqarT-

velosken mohqondaT imperator pavles mier 1800 wlis 24 iv-

niss damtkicebuli giorgi XII-is `saTxovari punqtebi~, ro-

melic arsebiTad 1783 wlis traqtatis pirobebs icavda. es

xdeba maSin, rodesac ruseTis xelisuflebas kavkasiis

jarebis sardal general knoringisaTvis ukve nabrZanebi

663

peratorobas didebulebis bZanebiT erTi maTgani iwo-deba da meoreebs merwmuneT cariels saxels garda naklebi sarCo da pativi ar eqnebaT. Tumca kadniereba ars, magram mag Cems Ãelmwifes ojaxisa da sazoga-doebis erTguleba malaparakebs. amazed mets nurc TavaT Tavs gauWireben saqmes, nurc qveyanas, orniv Seiw-yalon. amToni ryeva eyofa sawyalobels saqarTvelos, egebis RmerTman TÂsas mowyalebiT moxedos. sxva rom ara iyos ra mTel qveyanaSi ------ aRmoCndeba Cveni sazogadoeba. nu gamiwyrebiT yovlad samRvdelo meufeo ------------- Tavis didebisa da qveynis sasargeblod kadnierad sityvis Tqmis vali gaqusT Tqvenca da vinc Tqveni samwymsoni Tavadni da didad SemZleni brZan-debian. Tqvenis yovlad samRvdeloebis mdabali mosamsa-xure da msasoebeli garsevan WavWavaZe~1.

qarTvel diplomats miaCnda, rom mitropoliti pa-

isiosi is pirovneba iyo, romlsac saxeli da mdgoma-

reoba avaldebulebda gaewia Sroma qveynis damSvidebi-

saTvis, raTa sasaxleSi Camovardnili uTanxmoeba xal-

xsac ar gadasdeboda. garsevan WavWavaZe darwmunebuli

iyo, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi bagrationebis mo-

narqia SenarCunebuli iqneboda, magram ar icoda kon-

kretulad vin daikavebda taxts. prtetendentebi erT-

maneTTan kinklaobiT qveyanas Zlier azaralebdnen. mas

erTi ram unda: ise ar gamosuliyo, rom samefo taxtis-

ken momziralebs TavianTi Tavic daezaralebinaT da

hqonda, rom giorgi XII-is sikvdilis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTSi

mefis xelisufleba unda gauqmebuliyo. dumbaZe m., qarTl-

kaxeTis saxelmwifos gauqmeba da ruseTTan SeerTeba //

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, IV, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 812. 1 gsiem, #7602/1004.

664

qveyanac. misi sityvebia àmToni ryeva eyofa sawyalo-bels saqarTvelos~.

werilis dasasruls g. WavWavaZe mimarTavda paisi-os, rom piradad misi da misi samwymsos Zlieri Tava-

debis valdebuleba iyo eTqvaT gabeduli sityva qveynis

sasikeTod1.

ar vici garsevan WavWavaZis werilma rogor imoq-

meda paisiosze, ra RonisZieba gaatara batoniSvilebis _

iulonisa da daviTis da maT zurgs ukan mdgomi parti-

ebis erTmaneTTan Sesarigeblad. isini ara mxolod ta-

xtisaTvis ecilebodnen erTmaneTs, aramed erTmaneTis

sagareo-politikur zraxvebsac ar iziarebdnen da kur-

sis SecvlisTvisac ebrZodnen erTmaneTs2.

1 gsiem, #7602/1004. 2 rogorc maSindeli mimoweridan irkveva da zemოTac iTqva,

garsevan WavWavaZe uaRresad uxerxul mdgomareobaSi aRmoC-

nda. mis saqmianobas eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen, rogorc

qarTvelebi, ise rusebi. qarTvelebi fiqrobdnen, rom elCma

uRalata samefo dianastisa da saqarTvelos, rusebiს azriT

ki garsevani qarTvelobas mefis xelisuflebis aRdgenisa da

imperiis xelisuflebisadmi daumorCiloblobisken mouwo-

debda. garsevanis komprometirebaSi gansakuTrebuli roli

Seasrula saqarTvelos marTebelma petre ivanes Ze kovalen-

skim, romlis amgvari saqmianobis amsaxveli masala gamoq-

veynda àqtebis~ II tomSi. kovalenski g. WavWavaZes imitom ga-

daekida, rom am ukanasknelma zrdilobianad moqcevisken mo-

uwoda mefe-dedofalTan vizitebis dros. g. WavWavaZis simar-

Tle daadgina p. cicianovma da p. kovalenski misi uRirsi

saqcielisaTvis saqarTvelodan gaaZeva. Seswavlis Sedegad

naTeli gaxda, rom g. WavWavaZe bagrationTa dinastiis da

saqarTvelos erTguli iyo. ix. cqitiSvili z., garsevan

WavWavaZis saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweoba, Tbilisi, 1982, gv.

159-177.

665

1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestiT damwuxrebuli

qarTveli elCebis gulis mogebis mizniT ruseTis xelmwifis kurTxevasTan dakavSirebiT, isini daajil-

doves: garsevan WavWavaZes `deistvitelni statski sovet-

nikis~, xolo giorgi avalians da eliazar falavandovs

`statski sovetnikis~ wodebebi uboZes1. imave wlis martSi garsevans gadasces manifestis

teqsti. aRSfoTebulma garsevan WavWavaZem Tavis meuR-

les mariam WavWavaZes gaugzavna werilebi, romlebic

dawerili iyo aleqsandre I-is taxtze asvlis Semdeg ax-

lo periodSi gamocemuli manifestis gamo. Tavadis meu-

Rlem Tavis saxlSi miiwvia cnobili Tavadebi: ivane

orbeliani, solomon Tarxanovi, darCia da ioseb be-

buTovebi da egnate Tumanovi. SemdegSi solomon Tar-

xanovma da ivane orbelianma werilobiT moaxsenes p.

cicianovs, is rac maT garsevanis werilebidan amoi-

kiTxes. garsevani werda: `davalebebi, romlebic mqonda mefe giorgisgan xelmwifesTan mosagvareblad, verc er-Ti ver asrulda; samefo gaanadgures, qveSevrdomadac saqme iqamde mivida, rom imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma

Tavis 1803 wlis 31 martis reskriptSi (wyalobis werili) p.

cicianovs daavala: «Кн. Гарсевану Чавчавадзе изЪявите сожа-

ление Мое о случившихся с ним неприятностях и уверте его, что Я

в верности его никогда сумнения не имел». Акты, II, с. 29, №32. imave dRes imperatori general Sepelevs ubrZanebda, rom

aiZulos p. kovalenski georgievskidan TbilisSi dabrundes

da cicianovs angariSi Caabaros Tanamdebobaze yofnis dros

gaweuli samuSaos Sesaxeb. Акты, II, с. 29, №34; imave dRes p.

kovalenskis saqmeSi CaerTo Sinagan saqmeTa ministri. Акты,

II, с. 29-30, №35 da a. S. 1 masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis, Sekrebili batoniSvi-lis daviT giorgisZisa da misi Zmebisa, m. janaSvilis

gamocema, Tfilisi, 1905, gv. 97.

666

ki ar migviRes; arc erTi xalxi ise ar damcirebula, rogorc saqarTvelos [xalxi]. gigzavniT manifestis pirs da brZanebebs, romlebidanac SeityobT Cemi werilis siswores; kidev gaqvT dro, raTa sazogadoebam ga-mogzavnos [peterburgSi] erTi werili Cveni mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da moiTxovoT, rom gvyavdes mefe da viyveT mfarvelobis qveS; icodeT Tu moiTxovT mefes, mogvcemen. Tu uflebamosilebas me ar mandobT, maSin gamogzavneT romelime Tqvengani, mas da me mogveciT sruli Tavi-sufleba da Cven SevecdebiT am saqmis aRsrulebas. SegiZ-liaT ar daemorCiloT aqedan gamogzavnil brZanebebs~1. rogorc Cans, garsevan WavWavaZe qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadebs

(sazogadoebas) rusi moxeleebisadmi daumorCileblobisa

da monarqiis SenarCunebisTvis brZolisken mouwodebda,

yovel SemTxvevaSi, solomon Tarxanovis werilobiTi

Cvenebidan aseTi daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba.

1802 wlis oqtomberSi garsevan WavWavaZe saqarTve-

loSi dabrunda. rogorc iTqva, rusuli xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebi da maTi èrTguli~ zogierTi qarTve-

li eWvis TvaliT uyurebda samSobloSi dabrunebul

garsevan WavWavaZes. moviyvan mis erT saintereso we-

rils, romlis adresati p. cicianovi iyo:

`Tqvenma brwyinvalebam damibareT da inebeT CemTvis geCvenebinaT Tavadebis _ ivane orbelianisa da solomon Tarxanovis werilebi. Cem werilTan dakavSirebiT maT werilebSi aris iseTi zogierTi Cveneba romelic warmoad-gens sruliad sawinaaRmdegos Cemi sasmenelisa da ganzraxvisa. amitom Tqvens brwyinvalebas movaxseneb, rom Cveni yovladmowyale xelmwifis kurTxevis (1801 w. 24 marti _ e.m.) Semdeg pirvelma ministrma Tavadma aleq-sandre borisis Ze kurakinma TavisTan dagvibara me,

1 Акты, II, с. 304, №597.

667

eleazar falavandiSvili da Tavadebi, romlebic maSin iq [peterburgSi] imyofebodnen: giorgi eristovi, oTar qobulovi da abesalom bebutovi. roca mivediT, masTan imyofeboda yofili [saqarTvelos] mmarTveli petre ivanes Ze kovalenski da erT-erTi sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis ober-sekretari. Tavadma kurakinma gadmogvca axladgamo-cemuli manifesti da [masze darTuli] Statebi da sityvierad gangvicxada, `rom yovladmowyale xelmwifem saqarTvelo miiRo mfarvelobaSi da ara qveSevrdomobaSi~. davrwmundi ra ruseTis umaRlesi karis didi ministris aseTi sityvebiT, aqaur [saqarTvelos] sazogadoebas, romelsac jer kidev ar daefica misi imperatorobiTi umaRlesobis qveSevrdomobaze, me, rogorc despanma aq ga-movgzavne misi brwyinvalebis mier CemTvis gadmocemuli manifesti da Statebi imitom ki ara, rom misgan daeskvnaT raime Seuferebeli da misi [imperatoris] umaRlesi nebis sawimaaRmdego, aramed SeecnoT TavianTi mdgomareoba. rac Semexeba me, daficebuls [imperatoris erTgulebaze], Tqveno brwyinvalebav gadaeciT Tqvens monacvleebsac, rom me momavalSic viqnebi erTguli Cemi samsaxuris...~1.

davubrundeT garsevan WavWavaZis werils mitropo-

lit paisiosisadmi. rogorc davinaxeT diplomati bevrs

cdilobda imperatoris karze pirnaTlad aResrulebina

Tavisi movaleoba, magram mudmiv winaaRmdegobas da tyu-

ils awydeboda. mas arc samSoblodan hqonda mxardaWe-

ra. aseT viTarebaSi is daxmarebas Txovs paisioss, raTa

man Searigos da moarigos erTmaneTTan dapirispirebu-

li samefo ojaxis wevrebi.

sainteresoa, garsevan WavWavaZem ratom mimarTa mit-

ropolit paisioss da ara kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-s?

pasuxi mxolod is unda iyos, rom xdeboda kaTalikos-

1 Акты, II, с. 1049, #2058.

668

patriarqis ignorireba am periodis saqarTvelos poli-

tikuri cxovrebidan, risi iniciatorebi arian rusi mo-

xeleebi da maT pozicias iziareben saqarTvelos ekle-

siis ierarqebi da politikuri elita.

moviyvan erT sayuradRebo istoriul magaliTs: 1802

wlis 29 aprils qarTvelma mRvdelmTavrebma werili-

peticia gaugzavnes imperator aleqsandre I-s. isini moiT-

xovdnen saqarTvelos samRvdeloebis im pirobebSi Caye-

nebas, rogorSic imyofebodnen rusi samRvdeloni. imave

peticiaSi iyo moTxovna ar daebrunebinaT kaTolikebi-

saTvis Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is mier CamorTmeuli

eklesiebi. peticias xels awers 13 mRvdelmTavari, magram

maT Soris ar aris kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-is xel-

mowera1. es garemoeba gamowveuli unda yofiliyo kaTa-

likos-patriarqis xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebiT2, an

imave xelisuflebis mier misi ignorirebiT. mas ar da-

ufases, rom qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebis manifestis

gamocxadebis Semdeg anton II kaTalikosma paraklisi ga-

daixada da mis xelqveiT myofi yvela eparqiis mcxovrebi

ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze daafica da manifestis

gamo mefis saxlobaSi gaCenili ukmayofilebisa da zogi-

erTi batoniSvilis mier taxtis dakavebis mcdelobis

aRkveTas cdilobda. kaTalikosi maT urCevda mSvidobianad

ecxovraT da rusi xelmwifisaTvis madloba moexsenebinaT,

radgan man ineba saqarTvelos Tavis mfarvelobis qveS

1 vrclad ix. mamisTvaliSvili e., vin iyvnen XVII-XVIII sauku-neTa saqarTvelos kaTolikeni? // kadmosi. humanitarul

kvlevaTa Jurnali, 6, Tbilisi, 2014, gv. 385-386. 2 anton II-is knoringTan da cicianovTan dapirispirebis Sesa-

xeb ix. berZniSvili m., masalebi XIX saukunis pirveli naxev-

ris qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriisaTvis, Tbilisi,

1980.

669

miReba. miuxedavad amisa ruseTis mTavroba mas mainc eWvis

TvaliT uyurebda, radgan miaCnda, rom kaTalikosi mxars

uWerda monarqiis aRdgenas aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi1.

peticiaze ar aris agreTve paisiosis xelmowera. igi

ukve ar aris samTavrosa da goris mitropoliti, mis

magier peticias pirveli adasturebs `mdabali mitropo-

liti samTavrosa da gorisa da wilkanisa ioane~. erTi ram

cxadia, paisiosi cocxalia. maS ra moxda, ratom Camoaci-

les igi Tavis eparqias? mgonia paisiosis brali mdgomare-

obda imaSi, rom garsevan WavWavaZis Tanamoazred miaCndaT

da albaT es asec iyo. paisiosis mcdelobas Seerigebina

batoniSvilebi, rac sawindari iqneboda aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos damSvidebisa, ra Tqma unda, ar Sedioda

imperiis interesebSi. Serigebuli batoniSvilebi da maTi

momxreebi ara mxolod did politikur Zalad gadaiqceod-

nen, maT xelSi aRmoCndeboda sakmaod Zlieri samxedro Za-

la, romelic, gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, SesZlebda

dapirispireboda ruseTis SezRudul samxedro kontigents.

amitom rusi moxeleebi da maTi damqaSebi mimarTavdnen

batoniSvilebisa da maTi momxreebis diskreditacias, rac

pirvel rigSi ciliswamlebruli informaciis gavrce-

lebaSi gamoixateboda. knoringma roca 1802 wlis 12 ap-

rils TbilisSi manifesti gamoacxada, mas dedoflebma

darejanma da mariamma hkiTxes, ratom moxda samefos ga-

uqmeba, knoringma yovelive saidumlo mrCevels sergei

lazares Ze laSqarovsa (bibiluri) da garsevan WavWavaZes

daabrala, romlebic am dros peterburgSi imyofebodnen.

TiTqos garsevanma saqarTvelo ruseTs gadasca da ji-

ldod 1 aTasi oqro miiRo2 da sxv.

1 mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo ek-

lesiis istoria, Tbilisi, 2009, gv. 1092. 2 cqitiSvili z., garsevan WavWavaZis saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweoba, gv. 167.

670

arsebuli masalebi ar iZleva saSualebas zustad

iTqvas ramdenad monawileobda paisiosi qarTuli mxa-

ris mier traqtatis muxlebis proeqtis SemuSavebaSi,

rasac gvauwyebs garsevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxis

`sxolioni~. magram is ki danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTq-

vas, rom misi gvaris warmomadgenelebma Seadgines im

aznaurTa sia, romelic daerTo mecxre artikulis (mux-

lis) damatebas da daamtkica ekaterine II-m1. savaraudoa,

paisiosi xelmZRvanelobda dasaxelebuli siis Sedgenas,

romliTac qarTl-kaxeTis Tavadaznauroba uflebebiT

uTanabrdeboda ruseTis imperiis imave socialur fenas.

aRiniSna, rom 1801 wlis sigelSi paisiosi iwodeba

goris mTavarepiskoposad, magram Semdeg, 1802 wels sam-

Tavros, gorisa da wilkanis `mdabali mitropoliti~

aris ioane. igi pirvelia im mRvdelmTavreb Soris, rom-

lebmac aRniSnul wels peticia gaugzavnes imperator

aleqsandre pirvels peterburgSi. is pirveli adastur-

ebs werils, rac maSindeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

saeklesio ierarqebs Soris mis gamorCeul mdgomareoba-

ze mianiSnebs. dgeba kiTxva: ra iqna mitropoliti pais-

iosi, ra daemarTa mas. vfiqrob, paisiosi, radgan mniSv-

nelovani politikuri figura iyo XVIII-XIX saukuneTa

mijnis qarTl-kaxeTis samefosi, dasaSvebia is aqtiurad

monawileobda da Tavis pozicias daufaravad gamoxatav-

da bagratinTa samefo dinastiis SenarCunebisaTvis, igi

Tanamoazre iyo garsevan WavWavaZisa, ris gamoc rusuli

marTvelobis SemoRebis momxreebi uaryofiTad iyvnen

ganwyobili qarTveli diplomatis mimarT, imperiis war-

momadgenlebic mas miCnevdnen arasaimedo politikur da

saeklesio moRvawed. savaraudoa, is gadayenes samTav-

rosa da goris eparqiasTan wilkanis eparqiis SeerTebis

1 gsiem,@#7602/433.

671

motiviT da gaerTianebuli eparqiis xelmZRvaneli gaxda

mitropoliti ioane. am dros paisiosi gardacvlili

rom yofiliyo maSin, saeWvoa, dRis wesrigSi damdgari-

yo dasaxelebuli eparqiebis gaerTianeba.

savaraudoa mitropoliti paisiosi gardaicvala

XIX s. 20-ian wlebSi. am varauds aCens is garemoeba, rom

is vinc micvalebul paisios upatrona, iyo iese garseva-

niSvili, am droisaTvis ukve mRvdeli.

mTavarepiskopos paisiosze saubars davasruleb gar-

sevaniSvilebis sagvareulo nusxaSi mocemul misi gar-

dacvaleba-dakrZalvis Sesaxeb informaciis gadmocemiT.

paisiosis dasaflavebis adgili imiTac aris saintereso,

rom goris is RvTismSoblis taZari, dReisaTvis aRar

arsebobs. agreTve vigebT zogierTi iq dakrZaluli

pirovnebis Sesaxeb: àmas (paisios _ e.m.) ewodeboda mRvde-lobaSi petre da odes gardaicvala qalaqsa tfiliss, mu-niT mosvenebuli iese mRvdlisagan iakobis Zisa, dasaf-lavebul-iqna oqonis eklesiis derefansa Sina (stovasa Sina), mun sadaca aw ars fanjara xisa, romlidamaca msyidvelni miiReben Sina ekklesiidam, mnaTisagan sanTelsa, maxloblad Zmisa TÂsisa svimonisa da rZlisa maTisa, iakob dekanozisa da Zmisa maTisave meuRlis (annasi) xanfervanisa, romelic ars dasaflavebuli marjvniv svetisa _ derefanSi, alelpetruaanT saxlisa kedlisa axlore; xolo qmari misi dekanozi iakob, mama iese mRvdlisa da papa aleqsandresi aris dasaflavebuli gorisa RvTismSobelSi, Sua alags~1.

1 gsiem,@#162.

672

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700

Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of Georgia

III

(the fight for the defense of faith and national independence,

XVI – XVIII centuries)

The history of Georgian Kingdoms and Chiefdoms of

feudal Georgia of XVI – XVIII centuries is a struggle for faith

holiness, independence of the church and maintaining of

national originality, which had different trends and forms.

The following three directions were noted in the foreign

orientation of kingdoms and chiefdoms of the mentioned period: 1.

The relationship with two close eastern Muslim States – Iran and

Ottoman Empire, 2. The relationship with a Russian Orthodox

State, 3. The relationship with Catholic Europe; The “foreign”

policy of Kingdoms and Chiefdoms inside the country against each

other also stood out. The big neighbor kingdoms often provoked

their aggressive intensions either against a Georgian political unit

or generally, against the whole of Georgia.

The patriarchs of Antioch and Jerusalem shamelessly

interfered in the domestic political life of Georgian kingdoms

and chiefdoms under the pretext of defending the orthodox

holiness. The same motive, but different political goals, was the

basis of the relationship of Roman Popes with Georgian Kings

and Chiefs and the work of Catholic missionaries in different

parts of the country.

701

Catholic mission was of great importance from the point of

view of Georgia`s Foreign Policy in the XVII – XVIII centuries.

In fact, it was the only permanent diplomatic representation of

Vatican from the European countries (though it was never

referred by this name), which together with Catholicism

propaganda gathered the information about the life and work of

Georgian people (as an example, see a special instruction for

catholic missionaries in 12 clauses, developed by Pietro Della

Valle in 1626). The heads of mission – prefects – regularly sent it

to the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, founded in

1622. Georgian Kings and Chiefs sometimes sent the

representatives of the mission – missionaries to different

European countries with the diplomatic assignments.

Georgia has a long history of relation with Rome and the

catholic world, which can be divided into four periods:

I. Before the Schism of 1054 the discussion about the

relationship of Georgian and Roman churches is based on indirect

and fragmentary information, and mainly, hypotheses are given.

II. In XI – XIV centuries Georgian State was an equal political

and military partner to European countries. Popes ask (!) Georgian

Kings and Church Seniors to help with the armed forces for the

Crusade movement and reunion of churches, but controversial

reasons between the churches are not yet highlighted.

III. Before the Council of Ferrara – Florence XV – XVI

centuries, the disagreement on dogmatic questions between

Georgian and Roman churches officially is not traced, though,

from the political point of view, Georgian politicians even after

702

this fact did not announce the split between the two churches,

the one which was between Constantinople – Jerusalem and

Roman churches. The representatives of Georgian State and

Church never condemned the Roman Church and Pope, though

it was the time when Roman representatives unsuccessfully tried

to spread Catholicism among the Orthodox Georgians.

IV. XVII – XVIII centuries is the period when Eastern

Georgia asks the European states and Roman Pope for military

help against the Muslim neighbor-states. And now, with the

promise to help or without it, catholic Europe and its head, the

Pope, demand (!) from Georgians to adopt Catholicism and

recognize the Pope`s supremacy. This is the period when the

true attitude of Georgian Kings and Chiefs, and Georgian Church

towards Roman Church, its government and double standard of

politicians is revealed – support of Catholicism when having

diplomatic relations with catholic countries; persecution and

abuse of the Catholics inside the country trying to spread

Catholicism among Orthodox Georgians.

In the second half of the XIX century, Georgian historians

and the society, together with the activation of national liberation

movement, got interested in Georgian – European relations, the

spread of Catholicism and work of Catholic missionaries. It was

necessary to prove to either domestic or foreign opponents, that

Georgia and the Georgians had been connected from time

immemorial to Christian, economically and politically, military and

culturally progressive European countries.

703

saxelTa saZiebeli1

1 saxelTa saZiebeli Seadgina goris saswavlo universitetis

magistrantma Teona SavloxaSvilma

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