cxovreba da moRvaweoba - NPLGdspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/158381/1/Revaz...ubralod istoria, es...

zurab uruSaZe

revaz doRonaZe

cxovreba da moRvaweoba

Tbilisi2016

zurab uruSaZe

msoflio saxelis fizikosis da gamoCenili

pedagogis

revaz doRonaZis (1931-1985)

cxovreba da moRvaweoba

Tbilisi

2016

profesor zurab uruSaZis naSromi eZRvneba msof-lio saxelis mecniers, sazogado moRvawes da gamoCenilpedagogs, fizika-maTematikur mecnierebaTa doqtors,akademikos revaz doRonaZes (1931-1985). aRwerilia misiSemoqmedeba, ganxilulia saqarTvelos samecniero-teq-nikuri kadrebis momzadebis gegma. wignis dasasrulsmotanilia saxelganTqmuli mecnierebis mier revaz do-RonaZis sazogado, samecniero da pedagogiuri moRva-weobis Sefaseba.

redaqtori _ akademikosi oTar kvesitaZe

garekanze revaz doRonaZis portreti. avtori levan cucqiriZe (1972)

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winasityvaoba

wigni eZRvneba 30 wlis win _ 1985 wlis 13 maissgardacvlili msoflio saxelis fizikosis, mecnierebisaxali dargis _ kvanturi eleqtroqimiis ZiriTadiSemqmnelis, saqarTvelos erovnuli mecnierebaTa akade-miis wevris, mecnierebaTa akademiis eleqtroqimiisinstitutis Teoriul gamokvlevaTa ganyofilebisxelmZRvanelis, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetiszogadi da Teoriuli fizikis kaTedris gamgis, fizika-maTematikis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor revaz(rezo) doRonaZis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas, racbevrisaTvis misabaZi magaliTi SeiZleba gaxdes.

frangi mwerali andre morua, cnobili, rogorcgamoCenil pirTa (ingliseli poetebi Seli da baironi,ingliseli sazogado moRvawe uinston CerCili, frangimwerlebi viqtor hiugo da balzaki, nobelis premiislaureati, penicilinis aRmomCeni al. flemingi dabevri sxva) biografiebis avtori aRniSnavs, rom nebis-mieri biografiuli xasiaTis nawarmoebi aucilebladunda Seicavdes aRniSnuli piris Tanadroul istoriulrealiebs da amitom garkveulwilad warmoadgens isto-riuli xasiaTis naSroms. gasakviri araa, rom msoflioSiaRiarebuli, gamoCenili qarTveli fizikosisa da peda-gogis revaz doRonaZis cxovrebis da moRvaweobis aRwe-ra mravlad Seicavs istoriul movlenebs. Cemi survili,vyofiliyavi revaz doRonaZis biografiis avtori, gana-piroba imanac, rom bevrma qarTvelma saSualo skolismoswavlem, gansakuTrebiT ki studentma, araTu araferiicis revaz doRonaZis Sesaxeb, isic ki ver ganmimarta,Tu ratom aris yovlad miuRebeli saqarTvelos oku-pacia mTlianad an nawilobriv (rogorc axla, uafxa-

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zeTod da samaCablos gareSe), aseve miuRebelia, romaxalgazrdebis didma nawilma araferi an TiTqmis ara-feri icis im gmirebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavdauzoga-vad ibrZodnen saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRsad-genad, kerZod, ar icis, Tu vin iyo kote afxazi, viniricxeboda misi samxedro komitetis wevrebad, romle-bic amzadebdnen 1924 wlis amboxebas rusul-bolSevi-kuri diqtaturis winaaRmdeg. es codna axalgazrdobamunda miiRos ara marto istoriis gakveTilebze, aramedyvela SesaZlebel SemTxvevaSi, Tundac rogorc axla _revaz doRonaZis moRvaweobis gacnobisas.

unda mogaxsenoT, rom revaz doRonaZis moRvaweo-baze wignis dawera mogvixda samjer: pirvelad es moxda1986 wels [1], rezos gardacvalebidan pirvel wlis-Tavze, rodesac sazogadoeba `codnis~ xaziT, seriaSi`leqtoris dasaxmareblad~ (#27) Cveni avtorobiT ga-moica `profesori revaz doRonaZe~; meorejer es moxda1991 wels [2], rodesac revaz doRonaZis dabadebidanme-60 wlisTavs mieZRvna iv. javaxiSvilis universitetispublikacia rusul enaze `Флагман Квантовой Электро-химии~ (`kvanturi eleqtroqimiis flagmani~), romlisSemdgeneli da Tanaavtori mec gaxldiT; saqarTveloserovnuli mecnierebaTa akademiis egidiT gamocemuliwinamdebare publikacia Cveni mesame wignia revazdoRonaZis cxovrebaze.

aqve minda vTqva, rom am sami wignidan CemTvisyvelaze mosawoni mesamea, romelSic ufro savsedaamocemuli rezos pirovnuli, adamianuri Tvisebebi. mevicodi misi is Tvisebebi, rasac adamiani mxolod TavisTavs umxels, vicodi misi cxovrebis yvela tkivilianida sasixarulo momentebi... rezos xom CemsaviT aravinicnobda... aseTive iyo rezos damokidebuleba Cemdami.

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rezosTan Cemi megobroba daiwyo skolismerxidan...

revaz doRonaZe daibada TbilisSi swavluli agro-nomis roman isidores-Ze doRonaZis ojaxSi 1931 wlis21 noembers. rezos mama iyo imereTis sofel simoneTismRvdlis isidores mravalSviliani ojaxis umcrosi,meToTxmete vaJiSvili. rezos deda nino andros asuliqvliviZe, asevev mecnieri agronomi iyo.

rezo gavicani meore msoflio omis (1939-1945)mZime wlebSi. maSin skolis bevri Senoba daeTmo hospi-talebs daWrili meomrebisaTvis. ase moxvda 13 wlisrezo 1944 wels Tbilisis vaJTa pirveli saSualoskolis (romelic axla Tbilisis pirveli gimnaziaa) me-6klasSi, sadac me vswavlobdi. igi iyo gamxdari, qera,cisferTvaleba, dabali biWi (simaRleSi mere aiyara).dasawyisSi Tanaklaselebisa da maswavleblebis gansa-kuTrebuli yuradReba mas ar miuqcevia.

me-9 klasamde rezo da me erTad vswavlobdiT. amdroidan iwyeba Cveni didi megobroba misi sicocxlisbolomde.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg gairkva, rom Cven mezobladvcxovrobT, skolaSi an skolidan xSirad erTad dav-diodiT. me gavige, rom rezo cxovrobs dedasTan daori wliT masze ufros dasTan _ merisTan erTad, mamaki frontzea.

Cveni megobroba daiwyo wignebidan. im dros ukvebevrs vkiTxulobdi, maT Soris rusul enazec. amanaamaRla Cemi avtoriteti rezos TvalSi, romeliccudad flobda rusuls. Cveni gemovneba daemTxvaerTmaneTs `robinzon kruzos~ da `saidumlo kunZulis~SemTxvevebSi.

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Semdeg klasebSi, garda mxatvruli literaturisa,Cven daviwyeT i. perelmanis rusuli samecniero-popu-laruli wignebis intensiuri kiTxva. Cven erTad vxsni-diT amocanebs perelmanis `gasarTobi maTematikidan~,`gasarTobi fizikidan~, `gasarTobi meqanikidan~, Tumcaim dros jer kidev ar gvqonda fizikosobis gamoxatulisurvili. qvecnobierad, albaT Cven amisken miviswra-fodiT.

1944 wlis bolos frontidan dabrunda rezos mamaWrilobebiT da kontuziiT. igi iyo mkacri, magramsamarTliani adamiani. is namdvilad gaocda, rodesacgaigo, rom me rezosTan vmegobrob. im dros me Sesa-mCnevad gavizarde (samwuxarod, mas Semdeg Cemi simaRleTiTqmis ar Secvlila), ulvaSebi ukve dametyo, rezo kierTi TaviT ufro dabali iyo da namdvil bavSvadgamoiyureboda. baton romans SvilebTan mkacri, magramsamarTliani, demokratiuli urTierToba hqonda.

frontidan dabrunebis Semdeg rezos mamam muSaobaTbilisSi daiwyo. me kargad vicodi rezos Sesaxebyvelaferi, rac sxvebisTvis SeiZleba ucnobi iyo, zograimeze laparakic ki saSiSi iyo. Cven vcxovrobdiTsabWoTa ruseTis mier dapyrobil saqarTveloSi. cxa-dia, Cvens mier amis aRniSvnac SeiZleba Cveni mSoblebisdapatimrebiT dasrulebuliyo. rezom gamando uaRre-sad saidumlo informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom misi uf-rosi biZa sandro doRonaZe, evropaSi cnobili saoperobani, 20-ian wlebSi daapatimres da rogorc ùcxoeTisjaSuSi~ daxvrites. rezom kargad icoda, rom saqarT-velo okupirebuli iyo ruseTis mier. icoda isic, Turogor moxda es. diax! ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTo-bis Sesaxeb man saocrad bevri ram icoda. icoda,magaliTad, is, rom erekle meorem 1783 wels xeli

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moawera ruseTis mier saqarTvelos mfarvelobis xel-Sekrulebas, romelic `georgievskis traqtatis~ saxe-liTaa cnobili. icoda is, rom ruseTma 1801 welsmuxanaTurad daarRvia aRniSnuli xelSekruleba _ araTu daicva saqarTvelo da SeunarCuna mas samefommarTveloba, aramed Seiyvana iq ruseTis jari, moax-dina qarTl-kaxeTis samefos okupacia da SeuerTa igiruseTs, rogorc gubernia.

es iyo saqarTvelos pirveli okupacia ruseTismier (1801-1917) [1].

aqve vityvi imasac, rom es okupacia gagrZeldaruseTSi monarqiis gauqmebamde, 1917 wlamde. 1918 welsmoxda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgena: 1918wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos sagangeboyrilobam miiRo `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da-moukideblobis aRdgenis aqti~.

damoukidebelma saqarTvelos demokratiulma res-publikam mxolod sami weli iarseba (1918-1921).leninisa da stalinis gankargulebiT 1921 wlis 25Tebervals TbilisSi SemoiWra sabWoTa ruseTis me-11armia _ daiwyo ruseTis mier saqarTvelos meoreokupacia, romelic gagrZelda 1991 wlamde (1921-1991)da romlis dasrulebasac revaz doRonaZe veRarmoeswro. Cven ki moveswariT saqarTvelos mesame dameoTxe okupaciebs 1992-1993 da 2008 wlebSi, rodesacruseTma saqarTvelos mowyvita afxazeTi da cxinvalisolqi (samaCablo) [1]. citirebuli naSromis [1] TanaxmadruseTis antiqarTuli politika SeiZleba daiyos samZiriTad etapad: 1) caristuli e.i. ruseTis mefisdroindeli (rusuli sityva `car~ niSnavs mefes) (1783-1917); 2) bolSevikur-komunisturi ruseTis (1917-1991)da 3) postkomunisturi (e.i. komunisturi ruseTis

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Semdgomi anu amJamindeli) ruseTis. amasTan, xazgasmiTunda aRiniSnos, rom es sami periodi urTierTisagangansxvavdeba martooden garegnuli TvalsazrisiT dawlebiT, SinaarsiT ki, rogorc caristuli da bolSe-vikur-komunisturi, ise amJamindeli postsabWoTa ruse-Tis damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mimarT yovelTvisiyo da aris absoluturad identuri: dampyroblur _`velikoderJavuli~ (rusuli sityvidan `velikoderJav-ni~ _ didmpyrobeluri). unda iTqvas isic, rom, rogorcdaadastura 2008 wlis agvistos me-4 okupaciam,romelic Cven Tvalwin moxda, ar arsebobs aranairi oriruseTi (kargi da cudi) [1].

SesaZlebelia zogma CaTvalos, rom fizikosiscxovrebaze daweril wignSi ar unda iyos amdenilaparaki istoriaze, rasac arafriT daveTanxmebiT.

winamdebare wignSi motanili istoria, es ar arisubralod istoria, es aris rezos cxovreba, rezoscxovrebis Zalian mtkivneuli nawili. me guli damwyvi-ta iman, rom ara Tu saSualo skolis moswavleTa didmanawilma, aramed bevrma studentmac ki ver mipasuxakiTxvaze, Tu ratom aris yovelmxriv miuRebeli ruse-Tis mier saqarTvelos okupacia. piriqiT, zogi cdi-lobda am okupaciis dadebiTi mxare eCvenebina. rezos-Tvis ubedureba iqneboda, rom dRes gorSi stalinisZeglis aRdgenas zogierTi goreli sixaruliT xvdeba.

suliT-xorcamde jansaRi rezo xSirad imeorebdaal. abaSelis cnobili leqsis taeps:

àxla quxili ar istambeba,xari ar yviris maRal mTebidan,leqsi daaRrCo wvrilma ambebma,amokrefilma gazeTebidan~.

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(am taepSi miniSnebaa tician tabiZis leqsze _`sityvas vityvi _ cam quxili daiwyos ...~ da vaJaze _`nu geSiniaT, ar gavnebsT, mTidan yvirili xarisa ...~)

swored amitom aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, Turatom Seijavra momavalma fizikosma revaz doRonaZemruseTis mier misi mimdebare qveynebis okupacia,kerZod, imier _ CrdiloeT da amier _ samxreT kavkasiisxalxebisa da qveynebis, teritoriulad uzarmazaricimbiris xalxebisa, CrdiloeT yinulovani okeanissanapiro zolSi, ruseTis CrdiloeTSi, realuradtundraSi mcxovrebi da, agreTve, bevri sxva xalxisa.okupanti sabWoTa ruseTis da mis mier mierTebuliviTom damoukidebeli sabWoTa socialisturi respub-likebis mmarTveli komunisturi partiis xelmZRvane-lebi bevrs laparakobdnen dapyrobili xalxebisekonomikis da kulturis ganviTarebaze. marTlacsainteresoa, rogor ganviTarda am xalxebis kultura?miamiti SekiTxvaa, radgan droTa ganmavlobaSi bevri esxalxi saerTod gaqra pirisagan miwisa. esgansakuTrebiT exeba ruseTis CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebxalxebs. `didma Zmam~, _ ruseTma ubralod STanTqa, e. i.gaarusa es xalxebi. igive emuqreba sxva xalxebsac, maTSoris qarTvelebsac, miuxedavad imisa, rom maT dazogierT sxva xalxs maRali kultura da saxelovani,mravalsaukunovani istoria gaaCnia.

axlandeli postsabWoTa ruseTis, aSS-s preziden-tis ronald reiganis TqmiT `borotebis imperiis~ wiTe-li diqtatura adamianebs arTmevda sulierebasac. vincsuliereba ar daTmo (da es iyo qarTuli sazogadoebissaukeTeso nawili), is gaanadgures, an emigraciaSiucxoeTis gzas gauyenes, visac sulierebis nawili mainc

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daaTmobines, is mere mTeli darCenili sicocxlemistiroda dakarguls!

es tragedia SesaniSnavad gamoxata didma galak-tionma leqsSi `saTxovari bedisadmi~ [3]:

`bedo, waiRe, rac mogicia, waiRe kacTa pativiscema,waiRe Cemi mgosnis gvirgvini, ymawvilTa oxvra da

qalTa kdema,waiRe yvela, me ar vinaneb, ragind saSinel cecxlSi

vdnebode,me am monebSi cxovreba ar msurs, ar msurs rom maTSi

mec viTvlebode.gTxov, damibrune Cemi samSoblo, sadac yvaoda

ocneba yrmobis,sadac ar mklavda, sadac ar mwvavda fiqri

sircxvilis, fiqri monobis,sadac frTamsubuq Ramis siosTan SemeZlo fiqris

wrfelad gandoba,o, damibrune Cemi samSoblo, Cemi spetaki

axalgazrdoba!~

galaktioni swored Tavisi `spetaki axalgazr-dobis~ dakargvis dardma moinela, TviTmkvlelobamdeswored aman miiyvana!

winamdebare wigni gaTvlilia saSualo skolisumcrosklaselebidan dawyebuli yvela asakis mkiTxvel-ze, amitom aqve ganvmartav naxmar terminebs: eleqtro-qimia aris qimiis is nawili, romelic Seiswavlis eleqt-ruli denis gavleniT mimdinare qimiur procesebs. esaris is, rac xdeba, magaliTad, avtomobilebis akumu-latorSi. termini `kvantur-meqanikuri~ miuTiTebsimaze, rom eleqtroqimiuri procesebis `siRrmiseuli~axsnisTvis gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove fizikis is nawili,

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romelsac ewodeba kvanturi meqanika. saSualo skolaSimisi mxolod zogierTi debuleba Seiswavleba. sityva`kvanti~ (zogjer iwereba `qvanti~) niSnavs mcire zomisnawilaks, rogoricaa atomuri samyaros damuxtuli dadaumuxtavi nawilakebi _ eleqtronebi, protonebi,neitronebi. kvantebis qceva imdenad gansxvavdeba Tva-liT xiluli (mozrdili zomis) nawilakebis da sxeu-lebis qcevisgan, rom erTma qarTvelma mweralma (guramfanjikiZem) kvantur meqanikas `pikaso fizika~ uwoda(mxedvelobaSi hqonda ra genialuri pablo pikasosùcnauri~ naxatebi). magaliTad, SeuZlebelia erTdrou-lad zustad ganisazRvros moZravi eleqtronis siCqareda misi mdebareoba, rac, magaliTad, avtobuss Tu CavT-vliT nawilakad, iolze iolia. amrigad, atomur-mole-kulur, anu kvantur samyaroSi movlenebi ganixilebakvanturi meqanikis saSualebiT. me Segnebulad arviyeneb umartives formulebsac ki fizikidan, an maTe-matikidan da amas vakeTeb Tanamedroveobis udidesifizikosis albert ainStainis da misi mowafis, profe-sor leopold infeldis gavleniT, romelTac 1937wels daweres popularuli wigni fizikaze (`fizikisevolucia~ [4]) yovelgvari formulebis gareSe. amSesaniSnav da wasakiTxad metad saintereso wigns aqvsqvesaTauric: ìdeebis ganviTareba pirvelsawyisi cnebe-bidan fardobiTobis da kvantebis Teoriebamde~. amgva-ri wignis daweris idea ekuTvnis ainStains. infeldiigonebs _ àinStaini Tvlida, rom fizikaSi mxolodramdenime principuli idea arsebobs da maTi gadmocemaSesaZlebelia sityvebiT.

_ arc erTi mecnieri ar azrovnebs formulebiT _xSirad imeorebda is.

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rodesac Cven am wignis gegmis ganxilva daviwyeT,ainStaini avad iyo. is sawolSi iwva da gverdiT,tumboze edo `don-kixoti~. es wigni mas yvelaze metaduyvarda da xSirad kiTxulobda, rodesac isvenebda. mevijeqi skamze loginis gverdiT. ainStaini aRgznebuliiyo fiqriT Cvens wignze.

_ es iqneba drama, ideebis drama, _ Tqva man. _Cveni wigni unda iyos saintereso. man unda gaitacosyvela, visac uyvars mecniereba~.

me davamateb (z. u.), rom is ar gulisxmobdamxolod fizikosebs. vici, rom es wigni interesiTwaikiTxa bevrma arafizikosma da saSualo skolismoswavlem. pirdapir vityvi, rom 1937 wels daweril amwignze laparaki Segnebulad gavagrZele imitom, romyvela mowinave qveyanaSi Targmnili da mravalgzisgamocemuli es wigni qarTulad ar aris naTargmni,(parlamentis erovnul biblioTekaSi am wignis qarTuliTargmani ver moiZebna). me TviTon maqvs am wignisrusuli Targmani, romelic meoTxejer gamoica 1966wels [4]. vin icis, kidev ramdenjer gamoica igi dRemde.

amitom mivmarTav yvelas, visac SeuZlia am saqmisaRZvra, rom es wigni saswrafod iTargmnos. es aucile-belia qarTuli kulturisTvis, gansakuTrebiT axal-gazrdebisaTvis. kidev erTi madloba revaz doRonaZes,romlis Sesaxebac daweril am patara wignSi moiZebnasityvebi albert ainStainis Sedevris gaqarTulebismowodebiT.

garda amisa, qvemoT naxsenebia rusul enazegamocemuli is wignebic, romlebic aseve aucilebeliaiTargmnos qarTulad.

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moskovi _ skola, instituti, muSaoba

1946 wels doRonaZeebis ojaxi sacxovrebladgadavida moskovSi, sadac roman doRonaZem daniSnulebamiiRo sabWoTa kavSiris soflis meurneobis sami-nistroSi.

iq muSaoba man daiwyo ojaxis moskovSi gadmo-svlamde. ojaxi ki TbilisSi darCa da elodebodaskolaSi bavSvebis mecadineobis damTavrebas. rezoamTavrebda merve klass, meri _ meaTes. merim oqrosmedliT daamTavra saSualo skola da imave wels Sevidamoskovis lomonosovis universitetis filosofiisfakultetze.

bileTebi Tbilisi-moskovis matarebelze adreveiyo dakveTili 9 ivnisisaTvis. es TariRi kargadmaxsovs, radgan rezosTvis did gancdebTan iyodakavSirebuli. saqme isaa, rom rezo fexburTis Tavga-dakluli moyvaruli da Tbilisis `dinamos~ mgznebarefani gaxldaT. mas axsovda yvela gatanili golisavtori im TamaSebSi, romlebic nanaxi hqonda damoTamaSe gundebis Semadgenloba. am dros, warmoid-gineT, ra cudi damTxvevaa _ 1946 wlis swored 9 ivnissunda Semdgariyo fexburTSi sabWoTa kavSiris pirve-lobis erT-erTi centraluri Sexvedra TbilisSi mos-kovis `torpedosa~ da Tbilisis `dinamos~ Soris. rezogamwarebuli iyo. matareblis bileTebis gamocvlazelaparakic ar SeiZleboda. im dros matarebelzebileTis Sovna warmoudgenlad Zneli iyo. undaaRiniSnos, rom 1946 weli warmatebuli iyo TbiliselTasaxelganTqmuli centrforvardis, `dinamos~ kapitnis,rezos saTayvanebeli fexburTelis boris paiWaZissportul karieraSi. gana SesaZlebeli iyo paiWaZis

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monawileobiT mimdinare TamaSis gamotoveba?! bolos dabolos, ojaxSi miRebuli iqna brZnuli gadawyvetileba_ rezo wava stadionze, iq iqneba pirveli taimisbolomde da mere gaqandeba saxlisken, raTa miuswrosmatarebels. SeTanxmeba daicva orive mxarem, rezom kisicocxlis bolomde daimaxsovra es pirveli taimi,romelSic boris paiWaZem goli gautana saxelganTqmulmekares a. akimovs pirdapir kuTxuridan mbrunavidartymiT. Semdgom, 1958 wels, SvedeTSi msoflioCempionatze fexburTSi brazilielebma aCvenes aseTivedartyma burTze, romelsac daerqva saxelad `xmelifoToli~. rezo maSin yvelas umtkicebda, rom Tu esaris safexburTo aRmoCena, maSin misi avtori undaveZeboT ara braziliaSi, aramed saqarTveloSi. gardaamisa, amatebda, rom imave 1946 wlis 25 noembersmoskovSi boris paiWaZem analogiuri dartymiT marcxenakuTxidan gautana goli moskovis `spartaks~ (am TamaSski rezom, ra Tqma unda, bolomde uyura).

moskovSi saswavlo weli rezosTvis cudad daiwyo.pirvelive karnaxis Semdeg skolaSi gamoiZaxes mamamisi.maswavlebelma urCia rezo daebrunebina TbilisSi. ìsver SeZlebs moskovSi swavlas~, - aseTi iyokategoriuli daskvna. saxlSi mamam gadawyvitarepetitoris mowveva, magram amaze rezom mtkice uariganacxada. `dro momeci~, - Txova man mamas, `me TviTongamovasworeb mdgomareobas. Tu ver SevZleb, damabruneTbilisSi andro papasTan~. mama daTanxmda da rezommtkiced daiwyo rusuli enis Seswavla. sxva sagnebSi masar hqonda gansakuTrebuli siZneleebi, Tumca zepiripasuxebi uWirda. unda aRvniSno, rom daaxloebiTnaxevari wlis Semdeg rezom miaRwia mizans _ miiRopirveli samiani rusulSi, magram mTavari aq is ki ar

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aris, rom man SeZlo orianis gamosworeba. warmoidgineTmoskovis skolaSi, axal, ucnob garemoSi morcxvi,Tavmoyvare mozardi, romelic Zalian sustad flobsrusul enas. aseT rTul viTarebaSi mxolod Zlier daamay adamians SeeZlo damoukideblad gadaelaxa siZne-leebi, uari eTqva repetitoris momsaxurebaze. undaaRiniSnos mamis pedagogiuri SorsmWvretelobac,romelmac saSualeba misca mis vaJs gamoeCina xasiaTissimtkice da egrZno gamarjvebis miRweviT miRebulisixaruli.

erTi wliT adre skolis damTavrebamde rezosukve gadawyvetili hqonda, Tu sad gaagrZelebs swavlas.1948 wlis noemberSi is werilSi mwers: `me mindodadaaxloebiT ase _ Sevsuliyavi fizikurze dadamoukideblad Semeswavla filosofia (amJamadfizikaSi didi garRvevaa filosofiur frontze)~.

am bolo winadadebas seriozuli ganmartebaesaWiroeba: 1948 wlis agvistoSi Catarda sabWoTakavSiris soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiissagangebo sesia, romelzec miRebuli iqna drakonuli,uvici gadawyvetileba _ sabWoTa biologiisgan moeci-lebinaT `cudi~, viTomda idealisturi~, sinamdvileSiki progresuli da marTlac aucilebeli mecnierulimimarTuleba _ genetika, ramac didad daazaralasabWoTa kavSiris biologia. am uvici gadawyvetilebismsxverplni iyvnen udidesi mecnieri nikoloz vavilovida mravali sxva genetikosi. male igive bedi gaiziara`Serisxulma~ kibernetikam. am dros, sxvaTaSoris, niko-loz vavilovis Zma _ fizikosi, iyo sabWoTa kavSirismecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti. presaSi gamoCndastatiebi, romlebSic gamoiTqmoda wuxili idealisturigadaxrebis gamo mecnierebis sxva sferoebSic, maT

16

Soris fizikaSi. ase iwamleboda sazogadoebrivi azri.ai saidanaa _ àmJamad fizikaSi didi garRveva filo-sofiur frontze~. marTlac, sainteresoa, Tu aseTi `raxdeboda filosofiur frontze~? am Temaze tomebiadawerili da, bunebrivia, Cven mxolod aucilebelminimums warmogidgenT.

ruseTSi 1917 wlis revolucia, romelmac daamxomonarqia, mimdinareobda social-demokratiuli partiisxelmZRvanelobiT. am partias ori frTa hqonda _bolSevikuri da menSevikuri. am or frTas aerTianebdamxolod saerTo mizani _ jer ruseTSi da mere mTelmsoflioSi unda daemyarebinaT komunizmi, romelicqadagebda, rom yvela adamiani miiRebs imas, rac surs.amitom bolSevikurma partiam, romelic umravlesobaswarmoadgenda, dairqva komunisturi partiis saxeli (raTqma unda, igives ufleba hqonda menSevikur frTasac).ai, am viTomda kargi da keTili miznis misaRwevaddaixoca milionobiT adamiani. diax! `yvela adamianimiiRebs imas, rac surs~ - es iyo fuWi sityvebi da metiaraferi. sinamdvileSi ki bolSevikurma (komunisturma)partiam xelSi Caigdo Zalaufleba da, rogorc axlaamboben, daamyara sastiki diqtatura rogorc ruseTSi,ise mis mier dapyrobil `sabWoTa socialistur respub-likebSi~.

saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSi (1918-1921) xelisuflebis saTaveSi menSevikebi moeqcnen. es`ver aitanes~ bolSevikebma da rogorc zemoT iTqva,1921 wels stalinis da leninis gankargulebiT saqarT-veloSi SemoWrilma ruseTis me-11 armiam moaxdinasaqarTvelos meore okupacia, daamyara bolSevikuri(rogorc xSirad uwodeben, sisxliani, wiTeli) diqta-tura. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom social-demokra-

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tiuli partiis orive frTa ebrZoda Rrmad erovnulilia WavWavaZes, vinaidan is mouwodebda qarTvelobasaRedgina saqarTvelos erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba daorive frTis ideuri mecadineobiT momzadda iliasmkvleloba.

saqarTveloSi bolSevikuri xelisuflebis Tavkaciiyo naZirala filipe maxaraZe, romlisTvisac, rogorccnobilia, ilia da misi Tanamoazreni `mamuliSvilTaaSmorebuli wumpe iyo~. igi gaSmagebiT ebrZoda yvela-fer erovnuls, radgan erovnuloba ewinaaRmdegebodakomunistebis ZiriTad lozungs: `proletarebo yvelaqveynisa, SeerTdiT!~ [5].

bolSevikuri mmarTveloba gamoirCeoda imiT, rommoklebuli iyo yovelgvar humanurobas. amitomSeubraleblad daxvrites aTasobiT rCeuli qarTveli.

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ver urigdeboda bolSe-vikuri ruseTis mier damyarebul okupacias. svaneTSi,TuS-fSav-xevsureTSi, kaxeTSi ifeTqa ajanyebebma. 1924wlisTvis mzaddeboda sruliad saqarTvelos saerTo-saxalxo amboxeba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda 1922wels Seqmnili `damoukideblobis komiteti~ da misi`samxedro centri~.

gamcemlobis Sedegad, 1923 wlis martSi `samxedrocentris~ TxuTmetive wevri daapatimres. imave wlis 19maiss maT miesajaT daxvreta. ganaCeni sisruleSi iqnamoyvanili 1923 wlis 20 maiss, TbilisSi, dRevandelivakis parkis teritoriaze. kerZod, daxvretil iqnen: 1.ilia WavWavaZis disSvili, generali konstantine (kote)afxazi (samxedro centris xelmZRvaneli), 2. generalivarden wulukiZe, 3. generali aleqsandre andronika-Svili, 4. generali rostom musxeliSvili, 5. polkovnikigiorgi ximSiaSvili, 6. polkovniki aleqsandre maWava-

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riani, 7. polkovniki elizbar gulisaSvili, 8. polkov-niki dimitri Crdileli, 9. kapitani farnaoz yarala-Svili, 10. rotmistri simon bagration-muxraneli, 11.rotmistri levan (lelo) klimiaSvili, 12. nikolozzandukeli, 13. iason kereseliZe, 14. simon WiabriSvili,15. ivane quTaTelaZe [1, 6].

me davasaxele `samxedro centris~ yvela wevri,radgan isini saqarTvelos erovnuli gmirebi arian damaTi saxeli unda icodes yvelam, vinc am wignsgaecnoba.

sagulisxmoa, rom daxvretis dResve, saRamos, Tbi-lisSi qaSveTis eklesia xalxiT iyo savse. saqarTveloskaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam da dekanozmakalistrate cincaZem (momavalma kaTolikos-patriarqma)samgloviaro paraklisi gadauxades daxvretil gmirebs.bolSevikebis batonobis dros am paraklisis gadaxdaudides riskTan iyo dakavSirebuli _ SeiZleba isinicdaexvritaT, magram bolSevikebma stiqiuri amboxebisSiSiT ver gabedes sasuliero pirebis represireba darogorc gmirebis daxvreta, ise maTi paraklisis ambaviclegendad gavrcelda mTel saqarTveloSi. rezo icnob-da am legendas (albaT, andro papas meSveobiT).

rezom sworad Seicno Tavisi niWi da gadawyvitagaxdes fizikosi, magram, rogorc vxedavT, filoso-fiisken mimarTuli yuradRebac angariSgasawevi iyo dabednierebaa, rom aman ar gadasZala.

imave 1948 wels gamogzavnili meore werili Sesa-Zleblobas iZleva CavixedoT rezos Sinagan samyaroSi:`... am ramdenime dRis win gavecani goeTes citatisganmartebas `geniosi - es Sromaa~. am ganmartebas CemisityvebiT gadmogcem. Sromam Seqmna adamiani, magramnamdvili, srulyofili adamiani iqmneba swori

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SromiT.sworia iseTi Sroma, iseTi muSaoba wignze,rodesac kiTxulob maqsimaluri yuradRebiT ise, romwuTiTac ar wydebi kiTxvas gareSe fiqrebiT (rac, undagiTxraT, Zalian Znelia _ z. u.). meore, ar waikiTxavSemdeg winadadebas, Tu wina ar gaarkvie (esec Znelia _z. u.) da, mesame, unda SeZlo didxans muSaoba. me aqaRvniSne `swori, namdvili~ muSaobis is mxareebi,romlebic saWiroa Sromis procesSi (!). Semdeg, ra Tqmaunda, amas mosdevs Sromis gegmiuroba, sistema da a. S.zogadad me axla var swored am `namdvili~ SromisZebnaSi. vfiqrob, rom Senc unda dauTmo yuradReba amsakiTxs. ra Tqma unda, gava ara erTi Tve, Tu ara weli,vidre iswavli `namdvil, swor Sromas~.

sakmaod mozrdili es werili mTavrdeba mimdinaresaqmeTa mokle CamonaTvaliT: `1. musikaSi iSviaTadvmecadineob, magram vmecadineob~. rezo musikaSidamoukideblad mecadineobda. fortepianoze dakvrisanabana mas ufrosma dam, merim Seaswavla da rezozogjer miujdeboda instruments. magram misTvismTavari iyo ara dakvra, aramed musikis mosmena. musikissiyvaruli mas mTeli sicocxle gahyva. misma musi-kalurma simpaTiebma droTa ganmavlobaSi garkveulicvlilebebi ganicada. ar Secvlila mxolod siyvaruliqarTuli xalxuri simRerebisadmi da zaqaria falia-Svilis operebisadmi. rezos uyvarda da kargad icnobdajazs. man Seagrova jazis saukeTeso SemsruleblebisCanawerebis koleqcia, magram TandaTanobiT mas sulufro da ufro itacebda klasikuri musika. es gatacebadaiwyo iohan sebastian baxidan. wlebis Semdeg, baxisgverdiT dadga Sopeni. Sopenis Semsrulebelipianistebidan rezo gansakuTrebiT gamoyofda vladimersofronickis, romlis aramyvirala, dinji Sesrulebis

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poeturi stilic moswonda. sicocxlis bolo periodSidadga mocartiT gatacebis Jamic. musikisadmi rezossiyvaruls aRniSnaven masTan axlo myofi adamianebi.profesori rojer parsonsi igonebs, Tu rogoracnobda mas rezo qarTul xalxur da saopero musikas,gansakuTrebiT z. faliaSvilis operas _ `daisi~.saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom rezo SesaniSnavad icnobdasaqarTvelos istoriul-arqiteqturul Zeglebsac.amitom rezoze mogonebebSi naxsenebia bevri aseTiZegli: jvari, mcxeTa, yinwvisi, ufliscixe, gelaTi da a.S. rezo ar uSvebda xelidan SemTxvevas, rom TavisimegobrebisTvis gaecno saqarTvelos istoriuliZeglebi da gamoCenili xelovanni. ara erTxel miuyvaniamas Tavisi stumrebi udidesi qarTveli mxatvris daviTkakabaZis saxl-muzeumSi, uxucesi qarTveli mxatvrislado gudiaSvilis saxelosnoSi, saxalxo mxatvrebTanirakli da gogi oCiaurebTan, elene axvledianTan,levan cucqiriZesTan, koba gurulTan da sxvaostatebTan. im dros, romelsac ganekuTvneba CemiTxroba, rezos ukve gadawyvetili hqonda momavaliprofesiis sakiTxi da skolis damTavrebis Semdeg 1949wels apirebda Sesvlas moskovis sainJinro-fizikisinstitutSi. am institutis damTavrebis Semdeg adamiansSeeZlo aerCia samuSao rogorc fundamentur, isegamoyenebiT sakiTxebze. rezo mec mirCevda iq Sesvlas.`ra kargi iqneba, Tu erTad vimecadinebT~, - mwerda is.samwuxarod, es survili maSin ar ganxorcielebula.erTad mecadineoba Cven mogvixda gacilebiTmogvianebiT, rodesac rezo ukve mecnierebaTa doqtoriiyo, me ki veswrafvodi samecniero xarisxis mopovebas.

1950 wels, rezoze erTi wliT gvian me gavxdimoskovis lomonosovis universitetis fizikis fakul-

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tetis studenti. dro da dro Cven erTmaneTsvxvdebodiT. is Tavdauzogavad bevrs mecadineobda(axsovda goeTes sityvebi _ `geniosi _ es Sromaa~) daTavisufali dro TiTqmis ar hqonda. saocaria, rom isaxerxebda sportisTvisac `gamoekera~ dro. TiTqmis oriwlis ganmavlobaSi Cven davdiodiT moskovisuniversitetis sportklubis krivis seqciaSi. Cvenimokrivis monacemebi gamocdili mwvrTnelis gansakuT-rebul enTuziazms ar iwvevda, magram, miuxedavad amisa,Cven warmatebiT gamovediT studentur SejibrebebSi daiolad gavxdiT Tanrigosnebi.

1951 wels, rodesac rezo amTavrebda meore kurss,misi mama daniSnes albaneTSi saelCos mrCeveladsoflis meurneobis sakiTxebSi (im droisTvis batonmaromanma daicva sakandidato disertacia, xolo Semdgom_ sadoqtoroc albaneTis soflis meurneobisekonomikaze). albaneTSi wasuli mSoblebi papa androm(dedis mamam) Secvala, romelic bavSvobidanve iyorezos lala da didi megobari. moskovSi papa androyovelTvis eloda rezos mosvlas da dReRamisnebismier dros Slida sufras. papa andro Cinebulimzareuli iyo da rezos megobrebi xSirad sargeblob-dnen misi stumarTmoyvareobiT.

1953 w. rezo daqorwinda moskovis universitetisiuridiuli fakultetis studentze Tamar sedovaze.1954 w. daibada maTi qaliSvili naTela, romelic axlafilologiur mecnierebaTa doqtoria da muSaobsTbilisis erT-erT universitetSi.

1955 wels rezom miiRo inJiner-fizikosis diplomida muSaoba daiwyo ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiiseleqtroqimiis institutSi, moskovSi. imave wels isSevida aspiranturaSi, romelic daamTavra 1958 wels.

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imis Sesaxeb,Tu rogor daiwyo man im sakiTxebze fiqri,romlebic Semdeg gadaiqca axal samecniero mimarTu-lebad _ kvantur-meqanikur eleqtroqimiad, laparakiaa. kuznecovis da l. kriStalikis mogonebebSi [2]. aq kimxolod imas vityviT, rom rezo doRonaZe iyo pirveli,vinc mixvda, rom qimiuri da eleqtroqimiuri reaqcie-bis ganxilva SesaZlebelia im kvantur-meqanikuri meTo-debis gamoyenebiT, romlebic ganaviTares msofliosmowinave fizikosma-Teoretikosebma (holsteini, leksi,rikeizeni, kubo da sxv.) mravalatomian molekulebSi damyar sxeulebSi mimdinare procesebis Sesaswavlad. asedaedo safuZveli kvantur-meqanikuri eleqtroqimiis,an, rogorc xSirad uwodeben _ eleqtroqimiuri fizikisSeqmnas, raSic lomis wili r. doRonaZes ekuTvnis.

sakandidato disertacia rezom daicva 1961 w.,xolo sadoqtoro _ ukve 1966 w., rodesac masSeusrulda 35 weli.

revaz doRonaZis da misi TanamSromlebissamecniero naSromebma miizida specialistebis didiyuradReba rogorc sabWoTa kavSirSi, ise mis farglebsgareT. eleqtroqimiis institutis direqtori, akademi-kosi aleqsandre frumkini gansakuTrebul yuradRebasaqcevda rezos da mis jgufs. mas esmoda am samecnieromimarTulebis novatoruli mniSvneloba da yovelmxrivexmareboda axalgazrda mecnierebs. rezoSi manTavidanve amoicno niWieri mecnieri da axasiaTebda mas,rogorc did fizikos-Teoretikoss, romelsac axalisxivi Sehqonda eleqtroqimiur mecnierebaSi.

revaz doRonaZis samecniero avtoriteti swrafadizrdeboda. is monawileobda TiTqmis yvela sakavSiroda saerTaSoriso konferenciaSi, sadac ganixilebodaeleqtruli muxtis gadatanis sxvadasxva aspeqti

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kondensirebul (e. i. aragazur) sistemebSi. masugzavnian mraval mowvevas _ gamovides moxsenebiT anwaikiTxos leqciebis cikli axali Teoriis safuZvleb-ze. is miemgzavreba leningradSi, odesaSi, novosibirs-kSi da sxva qalaqebSi. msoflios mraval mecnierTanyalibdeba mWidro samecniero TanamSromloba. gaxSirdagasvla ucxoeTSic. is kiTxulobs leqciebs saerTa-Soriso zafxulis skolebSi axalgazrda mecnierTaTvis,gamodis leqciebiT germaniis universitetebSi (boni,hetingeni, karlsrue), daniis teqnikur universitetSi,safrangeTis samecniero gamokvlevaTa centrSi, belviu-Si, aSS-Si (roCesteris da ilinoisis universitetebi,argonis laboratoria (atom-birTvuli centri).

e. w. `citirebis indeqsis~ mixedviT qimiur reaq-ciaTa kinetikis sferoSi is xdeba msoflioSi erT-erTiyvelaze popularuli mecnieri. ucxoeTis samecnieroJurnalebi da gamomcemlobebi xalisiT aqveyneben revazdoRonaZis da misi TanamSromlebis naSomebs. ucxoeTSigamoqveynebulia 50-ze meti misi naSromi (misi naSro-mebis saerTo raodenoba ki TiTqmis orasia, maT ricxv-Sia 10 monografia) _ ix. misi naSromebis bibliografiawignSi [2]). revaz doRonaZis da misi TanamSromlebisnaSromebi qimiuri, eleqtroqimiuri da bioqimiuriprocesebis kinetikis sferoSi amJamad Sesulia ammimarTulebebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi da monografiebSimTeli msoflios masStabiT.

revaz doRonaZe asrulebda did samecniero-organizatorul samuSaos _ iyo ruseTis mecnierebaTaakademiis mravali samecniero seqciis xelmZRvaneli,xolo 1978 wlis ianvridan arCeuli iqna saerTaSorisoeleqtroqimiuri sazogadoebis (ses) eleqtroqimiurifizikis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomared.

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amasTan, gvinda gansakuTrebiT vaxsenoT is, romrevaz doRonaZe ar iyo komunisturi partiis wevri daucxoeTis dazvervasTan TanamSromlobis braldebas isaerida mxolod imis wyalobiT, rom mTeli misi samecni-ero Semoqmedeba mimdinareobda msoflios samecnierosazogadoebriobis Tvalwin _ misi dapatimreba sabWoTaxelisuflebas bevr usiamovnebas Seuqmnida.

me piradad ramdenimejer Sevswrebivar eleqtro-qimiis institutis partiuli organizaciis mdivnissaubars rezosTan am Temaze. rezo yovelTvis xumrobiTicilebda am winadadebas: `jer ver movmwifdi saamisod,magram seriozulad vemzadebi~, aseTi iyo daaxloebiTmisi pasuxi.

rodesac vixseneb imas, rom rezo Zalian ufrTxil-deboda dros da yovelTvis iyo metad dakavebuli, memsurs vilaparako SemTxvevaze, rodesac mas SeeZlosaerTod daeviwyebina dro. es SemTxveva dakavSirebuliauSualod CemTan da Rrma kvali datova Cems cxovrebaSi,xolo rac Seexeba rezos, is saSualebas iZlevaukeTesad SevafasoT misi adamianuri Tvisebebi.

1955 wels moskovis universitetis fizikis fakul-tetis damTavrebis Semdeg me erTi weli vimuSave mos-kovSi da mere ojaxuri pirobebis gamo davbrundiTbilisSi, sadac iZulebuli gavxdi damewyo muSaobasaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mcenareTa bioqi-miis institutSi. rogorc fizikoss, SemomTavazesdamewyo muSaoba biofizikaSi, romelic maSin àxalixili~ iyo. ase, CemTvis moulodnelad davukavSirdibiologias, Tumca institutis direqtori, akademikosisergi durmiSiZe, Wkviani kaci, am axal saqmianobidanswraf Sedegebs ar moeloda Cemgan. ase rom, merealurad TandaTanobiT vkargavdi Cem kvalifikacias

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fizikaSi, magram bolomde bioqimikosic ver gavxdi.1968 wels rezo gaecno Cem muSaobas da moulodneladSemomTavaza gadavide masTan moskovSi TeoriulganyofilebaSi droebiT, rogorc staJori. man miTxra,rom biologiis mimarT interesi mas karga xaniaàwuxebs~ da Tu me movisurveb, SevZlebT erTad vimu-SavoT. rodesac man damizusta momavali muSaobisxasiaTi, me maSinve uari vuTxari - `rogor SemiZlia meqimiur reaqciaTa kinetikis kvanturi Teoria gadavi-tano bioqimiur reaqciebze, Tu am TeoriaSi araferigamegeba?~ rezom pasuxad gaicina da miTxra - `Tu Sensurvili geqneba, araferi dagvidgeba win. mTavariasurvili da mondomeba, maSin yvelafers moevleba~.durmiSiZe maSinve ganimsWvala didi imediT. man CemzeukeT icoda, Tu ra uzarmazari samecniero avtoritetiaqvs rezos mTel msoflioSi da Tavis mxriv srulTanadgomas Segvpirda. didi eWviT me davTanxmdi daamgvarad isev aRmovCndi moskovSi, sadac vimuSave orweliwadze meti (1969 wlidan 1971 wlis CaTvliT) rezosxelmZRvanelobiT.

saWiro Seiqna saswrafod ameTvisebina Teoria.visac dasWirvebia am Teoriis aTviseba, is dameTanxmeba,rom es ar aris ioli amocana Cveulebriv, àraaCqa-rebul~ situaciaSic, xolo `saswrafod aTviseba~ - miTufro. ra Tqma unda, am amocanas me ver Sevasrulebdirezos Tavdadebuli daxmarebis gareSe. drois ekono-miis mizniT man gadawyvita wamikiTxos (marto erTs!)leqciebi maTematikis da Teoriuli fizikis yvela imganakveTze, romelic CemTvis aucilebelia. es `rbola~dReSi ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi weliwadze metxans gagrZelda. am aranormaluri datvirTvis gamo mesuls vRafavdi, rezo ki dauRalavi iyo. WeSmariti

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warmodgena mis Sromisunarianobaze ki me miviRemogvianebiT, rodesac seminarze saintereso naSromisganxilva gvianobamde grZeldeboda. seminaris bolosiqancebodnen saseminaro paeqrobaSi gakaJebuli monawi-lenic, maSin rodesac rezo carciT xelSi kidevagrZeldeba paeqrobas dafasTan, rac, marTali giTxraT,suls micocxlebda, radgan vrwmundebodi, rom aseTi`maraTonis~ gaZleba bevrs iseve uWirs, rogorc me.

Semdgomi etapi Teoriul jgufSi aseve daZabuliiyo, magram CemTvis ufro saintereso da nayofieri.TandaTanobiT gaCnda Sedegebic. muSaobis dawyebidanori wlis Semdeg gamoqveynda (maT Soris ucxoeTSic)aTamde Cveni erToblivi naSromi. momzadda Cemidisertacia. miuxedavad Cemi mcdelobisa minimumamdedameyvana Cemi sajaro moxsenebebis raodenoba, racaucilebelia samuSaos aprobaciisTvis, rezo CemTvisacar uSvebda gamonaklisebs. rogorc mis sxva mowafeebs,mec damWirda `gansawmendelis~ gavla. maxsovs, Tu ramRelvarebiT warvdeqi moxsenebiT fizikos-Teoreti-kosebis winaSe profesor d. ivanenkos seminarzemoskovis universitetis fizikis fakultetze, xologarkveul drois Semdeg, iqve, biofizikis kaTedraze _profesor l. bliumenfeldis seminarze. gansakuTre-buli mondomebiT Cven vemzadebodiT biofizikosTa me-4saerTaSoriso kongresisTvis, romelic Catarda moskov-Si 1972 wlis agvistoSi. Tumca moxseneba iyo erToblivi[7], eWvi ar mepareboda, rom moxsenebas rezo waikiTxav-da, magram is ar Ralatobda Tavis princips _ umaRlesdonemde mieyvana Tavisi, ase vTqvaT, `samecniero pro-duqcia~ Cemi saxiT. mokled, moxseneba wavikiTxe me. ammoxsenebas mohyva mniSvnelovani gagrZeleba. man dididaintereseba gamoiwvia rogorc sabWoTa, ise ucxoel

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mecnierebSi, radgan warmodgenili iyo erT-erTi sasi-cocxlo procesis, e.w. fermentuli katalizis msof-lioSi pirveli kvantur-meqanikuri (fizikuri) modeli.

cnobili moskoveli biofizikosi, ruseTis mecnie-rebaTa akademiis wevri, profesori mixeil volken-Steini maSinve Sexvda rezo doRonaZes da SesTavazaerTad muSaoba. erT kviraSi daiwera da daibeWdaJurnalSi `molekularnaia biologia~ statia `fermen-tuli katalizis TeoriisTvis~ [8]. es statia iTargmnada daibeWda msoflios mraval JurnalSi (ix. agreTve[9]).

amis Sedegia is, rom mixeil volkenSteini, revazdoRonaZe da zurab uruSaZe Setanili arian msofliosgamoCenil biofizikosTa siaSi Semdegi teqstiT: `mixeilvolkenSteini, revaz doRonaZe da zurab uruSaZe _fermentuli katalizis kvantur-meqanikuri (fizikuri)modelis avtorebi~. iqve miTiTebulia maTi naSromebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am siaSi mxolod ori qarTuligvaria: r. doRonaZe da z. uruSaZe. (ix.http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Biophysics `Wordiq Encyclo-pedia~).

yvelaferi es miRweul iqna rezos udreki Zalisx-mevis Sedegad. da aq SeiZleba gaCndes SekiTxva _risTvis sWirdeboda rezos es? ra misca mas yoveliveaman? pasuxi am kiTxvaze erTi SexedviT aris martivi,Tumca sinamdvileSi es sulac ar aris martivi.marTlac, TiTqosda, zemoT naTqvami aixsneba `mxolodda mxolod~ megobrobiT, romelic Caisaxa bavSvobiswlebSi. magram maSin vin amixsnis, rogor xdeba, romaseT norC, `dauduRar~ asakSi warmoqmnili uangaro,nebismier msxverplze wamsvleli grZnoba, rasacmegobroba ewodeba, mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi

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mihyveba adamianebs? piradad me amas saswaulad vTvli.miT ufro sawyenia, rom xSirad da aramarTebuladnaxmari es sityva kargavs Tavis Rrma mniSvnelobas.Cvens SemTxvevaSi am `saswaulis~ SeqmnaSi didi roliSeasrula saSualo skolam. didi madloba amisaTvisCvens mSobliur Tbilisis pirvel saSualo skolas (axlagimnazias). saerTod qarTuli saSualo skolismisamarTiT unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad bevri naklisa,mas dRemde gaaCnia didi Rirseba imiT, rom aqamdemisgan ver amoZirkves megobrobis kulti da amaSi dididamsaxureba miuZRviT iseT did pedagogebs, rogorebiciyvnen istorikosi vano xelaia, qarTuli enis pedagogibabo mWedliZe, maTematikosi da qarTuli poeziis didimotrfiale solomon cincaZe, biologi kato yanCaveli,rusuli enis maswavleblebi sokrat mSvidobaZe, valen-tina Cxenkeli da mravali sxva. samwuxarod, yvelasCamoTvla SeuZlebelia, romelnic SemTxvevas aruSvebdnen, rom ar SeexsenebinaT an ar ganemartaTSoTas ukvdavi aforizmebi: `megobari megobrisTvisTavi Wirsa ar damridad ...~ `rac ara gwaddes igi hqmen,nu sdev wadilTa nebasa ...~ da sxv..

ai, ra suliskeTeba Caunerga qarTulma skolamrezos, ai, ra gaitana man moskovSi.

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mokled revaz doRonaZis Semoqmedebaze

rusuli iumoris gmirs _ kozma prutkovs ekuTvniscnobili aforizmi: `specialisti gasivebul ybasa hgavs_ erTica da meorec calmxrivia~. am naTqvamSimoswrebulad aris SeniSnuli gasuli saukunismecnierTa umetesobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli viwrospecializacia, calmxrivi ganviTareba. am mdgomareobismizezi _ specialobaTa danawevreba, dRemde grZeldeba.magram mis gverdiT TandaTanobiT viTardeboda, xoloukanasknel wlebSi imZlavra sawinaaRmdego dinebam _gansxvavebul specialobaTa, mecnierebis gansxvavebulidargebis urTierTSeRwevam, ideebisa da meTodebisurTierTgaziarebam. am viTarebam Secvala Tanamedrovemecnieris saxe. calmxriv ganviTarebas, mxolod viwrospecializacias aRar ZaluZs misTvis warmatebis motana;qimikosi, magaliTad, unda icnobdes da iyenebdesTanamedrove fizikis mowinave ideebsa da meTodebs;biologi, arqeologi, geologi da sxv. _ qimiisa dafizikis miRwevebs da a.S. sxvadasxva dargismecnierebaTa urTierTgamdidrebis erT-erT magaliTswarmoadgens qimiur reaqciaTa kvantur-meqanikuriTeoria, romelic mikrosamyaros fizikis _ kvanturimeqanikis ideebs eyrdnoba. es Teoria XX saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda ssr kavSiris mecnierebaTaakademiis moskovis eleqtroqimiis institutSi fizika-maTematikis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor revazdoRonaZis xelmZRvanelobiT. am Teoriam imTaviTvemiipyro mkvlevarTa didi yuradReba da adreve hpovaeqsperimentuli dadastureba zogierT eleqtroqimiurreaqciaSi. amJamad mTel rig samecniero centrebSiaRniSnuli Teoriis safuZvelze konkretul qimiur da

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bioqimiur procesebs ikvleven. modeluri bioqimiurireaqciebis siCqareTa gaTvlisaTvis igi pirveladgamoiyenes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mcena-reTa bioqimiis institutSi. aqve damuSavda hipoTezabioqimiur reaqciebze e. w. arapolaruli garemosmoqmedebis fizikuri meqanizmis Sesaxeb.

qimiuri reaqciebis adre arsebuli Teoriebisagan(kerZod, reaqciaTa absolutur siCqareTa cnobiliTeoria) gansxvavebiT, kvantur-meqanikuri TeoriisTanaxmad, kvanturi Tvisebebi, kvanturi qceva SeiZlebaaxasiaTebdes ara marto eleqtrons (WeSmaritadkvantur nawilaks), aramed reaqciaSi monawile atomebisan molekulebis (e. w. reagentebis) Semadgenel sxvanawilakebsac. Tu nawilakis energia aRemateba missiTbur energias (oTaxis temperaturaze), maSin igiemorCileba kvanturi meqanikis kanonebs. winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi ki _ `Cveulebriv~, klasikuri fizikiskanonebs. am kriteriumis mixedviT nebismier qimiurreaqciaSi monawile wyalbadis atomi (an misi birTvi _protoni) gamoirCeva kvanturi qceviT (sxva TeoriebismixedviT es SeuZlebelia). qimiur reaqciaTa kvantur-meqanikurma Teoriam pirveli gamarjveba maSin izeima,rodesac es Teoriuli daskvna eqsperimentuladdadasturda.

am Teoriis meore mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba isaa,rom reaqciis ganxorcielebis erT-erT mniSvnelovanfaqtorad miCneulia garemos (e. i. im siTxis, romelSicreaqcia mimdinareobs) dinamikuri, cvladi Tvisebebi;magaliTad, e. w. polaruli garemos modelSi (romelicam TeoriaSi damuSavda) reaqciis ganxorcielebis erT-erT umTavres pirobas qmnis garemos polarizaciisdinamikuri, cvladi xasiaTi. polaruli garemos mier

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reaqciis ganxorcielebaSi Setanili wvlilis (energiis)raodenobrivi SefasebisaTvis sakmarisia ganisazRvrospolarizaciasTan dakavSirebuli sidide, e. w. kompleq-suri dieleqtrikuli SeRwevadoba, romelic gareeleqtromagnituri velis sixSirezea damokidebuli.praqtikulad es SesaZlebloba metad sayuradRebo damniSvnelovania, radgan kargad aris cnobili, rom mTelrig SemTxvevebSi garemo Zlier moqmedebs reaqciaze _cvlis reaqciis rogorc mimarTulebas, ise meqanizms.

cxadad rom warmovidginoT reaqciaze garemosmoqmedebis roli, ganvixiloT airul fazaSi (garemosgavlenis gareSe) mimdinare umartivesi reaqcia, romlisdros eleqtroni A- nawilakidan gadadis B- nawilakze:

A- + B⇄A + B-

Tu reagentebis eleqtronuli energiebi და ,(nax. 1) mkveTrad gansxvavdeba, reaqcia ar moxdeba.marTlac, reaqciis dros eleqtronis erTi nawilakidanmeoreze gadasvlis dro imdenad mcirea (wamis daax-loebiT 10-15 nawili), rom am droSi A da B nawilakebiver moaswrebs sakuTari kinetikuri energiebis(siCqareebi) Secvlas, rasac, rogorc cnobilia, ener-giis maradisobis kanoni moiTxovs. fizikaSi es gare-moeba kargad aris cnobili frank-kondonis principissaxelwodebiT.

qimiur reaqciaTa kvantur-meqanikuri TeoriisTanaxmad, reaqciaze garemos zemoqmedebis umTavresimxare swored isaa, rom garemo aTanabrebs reagentebiseleqtronul energiebs, e.i. qmnis frank-kondonisprincipis, anu, ukeT rom vTqvaT, TviT reaqciisganxorcielebis saSualebas. ganvixiloT am procesismimdinareoba polaruli garemos magaliTze.

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nax. 1.

polaruli ewodeba iseT siTxes, romlis mole-kulebSic dadebiTi da uaryofiTi muxtebi gancal-kevebulia, e.i. mudmiv eleqtrul dipolebs warmoqmnis(magaliTad, wylis molekulebi). amgvari siTxeebisdasaxasiaTeblad sargebloben garemos kuTri dipolu-ri momentis, anu polarizaciis cnebiT. polarulisiTxis molekulebSi eleqtronebis moZraobis, birTve-bis rxevis da mTliani molekulebis brunvis gamopolarizacia droSi icvleba, e. i. mas dinamikurixasiaTi aqvs. aRsaniSnavia, rom polaruli siTxisdipolebi siTxeSi gaxsnil damuxtul reagentebTanZlier urTierTqmedebs (am urTierTqmedebis energiaramdenime aTeul kkal/mol-s aRwevs).

polarul garemoSi eleqtronis energias gansazRv-ravs ara marto misi urTierTqmedeba A da B nawilakebisionur naSTebTan, aramed urTierTqmedeba poalruligaremos dipolebis mier Seqmnil eleqtrul velTanac,amitom A da B nawilakebis eleqtronuli energiebismniSvneloba, anu maTi energetikuli doneebis mdeba-reoba (nax. 1), SesamCnevad iqneba damokidebuli garemospolarizaciul mdgomareobaze. polarizaciis dinami-kuri xasiaTis gamo eleqtronebis energetikul doneTamdebareoba cvladia. drois romelime momentSipolarizacias SeuZlia iseTi mniSvnelobis miReba, rom

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reagentebis energetikuli doneebi TiTqmis gatoldeba:∗ ≈ ∗ . es niSnavs, rom reaqciis ganxorcielebisaTvisaucilebeli piroba, romelsac frank-kondonis princi-pi moiTxovs, Sesruldeba, da A nawilakidan B nawilakzeeleqtronis gadasvlis albaToba maqsimaluri iqneba.

polaruli garemos reaqciaze moqmedebis aseTmeqanizms, cxadia, zogadi xasiaTi aqvs, radgan nebis-mieri qimiuri reaqcia warmoadgens savalento bmebisgadajgufebas, e. i. reagentTa eleqtronuli mdgoma-reobis cvlilebas. amave dros reaqciaze aqtiurizemoqmedebis unari gaaCnia agreTve arapolarul gare-mosac, romlis molekulebi eleqtrulad neitraluria.reaqciaze garemos zemoqmedebis ra fizikuri meqanizmiaam SemTxvevaSi mosalodneli?

am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad mivmarToT cocxalorganizmebSi biologiuri katalizatorebis, anu fer-mentebis daxmarebiT mimdinare Jangva-aRdgeniT reaq-ciebs, romlis drosac eleqtroni erTi molekulidanmeoreze gadadis.

fermentebis umetesoba (maT Soris, Jangva-aRdge-niTi fermentebi) cilis gigantur molekulas Seicavs,romlis mxolod umniSvnelod mcire ubani, e.w. aqtiuricentri, monawileobs qimiur reaqciaSi. Zalian xSiradaqtiur centrTan dakavSirebulia ama Tu im metalisioni an SedarebiT mcire zomis mqone molekula (e. w.kofaqtorebi, prostetuli jgufebi), romlebicaqtiurad monawileobs qimiur reaqciaSi, e. i. faqtiu-rad reagentiviT iqceva. fermentis danarCeni (zomiTudidesi) nawili (apofermenti) qimiur reaqciaSi uSua-lod ar monawileobs. apofermentis zomebi mniSvne-lovnad aRemateba reagentebis zomebs da reaqciisdros misi struqturuli cvlilebebi sareaqcio

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garemos molekulebis gadajgufebis tolfasia;amgvarad, fermenti erTdroulad reagentic aris dasareaqcio garemoc. fermentebis rentgenografiuliSeswavliT gamovlinda, rom reaqciis dros apofermentiiseTnairad icvlis struqturas, rom aqtiuri centrisgarSemo cilis molekulis umTavresad arapolaruli(hidrofoburi) jgufebi ganlagdeba. es gvafiqrebinebs,rom fermentul reaqciaze zemoqmedebis didi nawiliswored am jgufebze modis. mkvlevarTa azriT,fermentuli reaqciebis maRali siCqare gamowveuliunda iyos imiT, rom bioqimiuri reagentebi maRalidieleqtrikuli SeRwevadobis mqone wyliani garemodangadainacvlebs dabali dieleqtrikuli SeRwevadobismqone garemoSi, romelsac fermentis arapolarulijgufebi qmnis. magram am zogadi mosazrebisganxorcielebis realuri gzebi, fermentul reaqciazegaremos moqmedebis meqanizmi ukanasknel dromde ar iyogarkveuli. albaT, amiT aixsneba, rom fermentulikatalizis TeoriaSi garemos gavlenis es faqtori arganixileboda da, bunebrivia, arc raime raodenobriviinterpretacia gaaCnda. qvemoT warmodgenili meqanizmi,romelic eyrdnoba qimiur reaqciaTa kvantur-meqanikuri Teoriis Sesabamis zogad ideas, pirvelinabijia am mimarTulebiT.

simartivisaTvis davuSvaT, rom fermentul reaq-ciaze apofermentis mxolod arapolaruli jgufebimoqmedebs (sinamdvileSi, ra Tqma unda, mxedvelobaSimisaRebia rogorc apofermentis polaruli jgufebi,ise fermentis gareT arsebuli wylis polarulimolekulebis moqmedebac) da ganvixiloT tipiuri Jan-gva-aRdgeniTi fermentis, magaliTad citroqrom-C-s,aRnagoba (nax. 2). mis aqtiur centrSi myofi pros-

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tetuli jgufi (molekula, romelsac hemi ewodeba)mtkice qimiuri (kovalenturi) bmebiT aris mierTebuliapofermentTan.

nax. 2.

hemis molekulaSi erTmagi da ormagi qimiuri bmebierTmaneTs enacvleba, ris gamoc ormagi bmebis SenebaSimonawile eleqtronebi ganzogadebulia hemis mTelmolekulaze. rogorc ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebulieqsperimentebi miuTiTebs, reaqciis procesSi fermen-tis molekula sxvadasxva rxeviT moZraobas asrulebs.gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa am mxriv apofermenti,romlis zomebi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mravaljeraRemateba reagentebis zomebs da faqtiurad sareaqciogaremos warmoadgens. Tu polarul garemoSi reaqciazepolarizaciis cvlilebebi moqmedebs, arapolarulgaremoSi analogiuri efeqti eqneba garemos imcvlilebebs, romlebic aseve mniSvnelovnad Secvliseleqtronis energetikul mdgomareobas. magaliTad,

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citoqromisaTvis reaqciaze mniSvnelovani zegavlenaeqneba apofermentis simkvrivis dinamikur cvlilebebs,romelsac siTburi xasiaTi aqvs (simkvrivis e. w.akustikuri talRebi). marTlac, apofermentis simkvri-vis cvlilebebi, e. i. apofermentis molekulis stru-qturis deformacia, xisti qimiuri kavSirebis saSua-lebiT iolad gadaecema hemis molekulas da misistruqturis deformacias gamoiwvevs. amis gamo hemiseleqtronuli energiebis sididec Seicvleba. esgaremoeba uzrunvelyofs frank-kondonis principisganxorcielebas _ hemis molekulaSi sareaqcio eleqt-ronis energetikuli donis gaTanabrebas reagentisanalogiur energetikul donesTan, anu TviT reaqciisganxorcielebas. dasasrul, unda aRiniSnos, rom ara-polarul garemoTa rxeviTi Tvisebebi jer kidev araris sakmaod Seswavlili; garkveuli ar aris kompleq-suri dieleqtruli SeRwevadobis analogiuri fizikurisidide, romlis codnac arapolaruli garemos yveladinamikuri Tvisebis Teoriuli gamoangariSebis saSua-lebas mogvcemda. rogorc specialistebi varaudoben,arapolaruli garemos raodenobrivi modelis Seqmnasdidi mniSvneloba eqneba fermentuli katalizisTeoriis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

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dabruneba moskovidan TbilisSi

gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi rezo ukve didimecnieri iyo. msoflios nebismieri samecnierodawesebuleba inatrebda aseT specialists. bunebrivia,rom saqarTvelos eleqtroqimikosebi dainteresebuliiyvnen misi gadmosvliT saqarTveloSi. unda aRiniSnos,rom rezo adrec iRebda sasurvel prestiJulmowvevebs, magram ar Cqarobda. man icoda, romdasawyisSi aucilebelia myari saZirkveli Caeyaros missamecniero muSaobas, darwmundes sakuTar ZalaSi, gark-veviT xedavdes momavals, perspeqtivas. im dros,romelsac axla vexebi, mas ara Tu gavlili hqonda esetapi, aramed ukve iyo axali samecniero mimarTulebislideri. amitom, rodesac mas SesTavazes muSaobasaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis araorganuliqimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutSi, is daTanxmda.magram gadmosvlamde gadawyvita moskovis Teore-tikosTa Tavisi Zlieri jgufis daxmarebiTrekordulad mcire droSi moemzadebina is axalgazr-debi, romlebTanac mouwevda muSaoba TbilisSi. asemoxvda masTan aspirantebis _ fizikosebisa daqimikosebis jgufi Tbilisidan (Tamaz marsagiSvili,merab zaqaraia, gogi WoniSvili, bela giuaSvili, mixeilgverdwiTeli, zaza dvali).

TbilisSi gadmosvlis ZiriTadi mizezis garda _meti sargebloba moetana saqarTvelosTvis, iyo sxvamizezic: TbilisSi cxovrobdnen misi deda _ qalbatoninino da masTan erTad _ qaliSvili naTela, romelicswavlobda Tbilisis ucxo enaTa institutSi, aseve aqiyo rezos ufrosi da meri vaJTan romanTan erTad.

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amrigad, 1978 wlis 25 dekembers xeli moewerabrZanebas profesor revaz doRonaZis daniSvnis SesaxebsaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis araorganuliqimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutis Teoriuliganyofilebis xelmZRvanelad.

revaz doRonaZe

CemTvis udidesi bedniereba iyo is, rom Cemidaojaxebis Semdeg rezo gaxda Cemi col-Svilis uax-loesi adamiani. rezos TbilisSi gadmosvlamde, ram-denime weli zafxuls Cven rezosTan erTad vatarebdiTsoxumSi. Cemi ukareba Svilis levanis guliTadiurTierToba rezosTan mTlianad rezos damsaxurebaiyo. da kidev ... gadavwyvite levans curva eswavla.rezom CaTvala, rom amas me saTanadod faqizad ver

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vakeTeb. SeamCnia isic, rom levani didi enTuziazmiT armomyveba wyalSi da kategoriulad gamomicxada: levanscurvas me vaswavli. aCvena levans xel-fexis moZraoba,daiwvina xelebze mucliT da daiwyo wyalze misitareba. amas akeTebda mTeli dRe, SigadaSig SesvenebiT.levani, grZnobda ra rezos da misi xelebis siaxloves,ufro Tamamad iqceoda. karga xnis Semdeg, roca levanidamoukideblad axerxebda curvas, rezo isev misgverdiT iyo. mTeli zafxuli rezom levans dauTmo.

levani, rom ityvian, rezos xelSi gaizarda.TbilisSi gadmosvlis mere rezo faqtiurad Cveni

ojaxis wevri gaxda. CvenTan ojaxSi yvelaferi keT-deboda rezos moTxovnebisa da gemovnebis gaTvalis-winebiT. rezos ucxoeli stumrebi Cveni ojaxisstumrebi iyvnen. rezo megobrobda (asakSi sxvaobismiuxedavad, sworedac megobrobda) levanTan. levanirezos saqarTvelos istoriaze wignebiT amaragebda,rezoc ar rCeboda valSi ... erTxel rezom gvTxovalevans zafxuli masTan sxaltbaSi gaetarebina. raodendidi iyo Cemi gaoceba da raoden Rrma levanisurTierToba rezosTan (sxaltbaSi rezo xom marto ariyo, levans ki mxolod Zalian axlobelTan SeeZlo didixniT yofna). `me da levani amaze ukve SeTanxmebulebivarT, igi uyoymanod damTanxmda. me Tqven mxolodsaqmis kursSi gayenebT~ - miTxra rezom. sxaltbidandabrunebis mere moxda erTi sasixarulo ambavi _vizeimeT is, rom levani rezos naTluli gaxda (levanismeore naTlia iyo Cveni megobari mxatvari levancucqiriZe). amrigad, rezosTan bavSvobis droindelCems megobrobas daemata es mniSvnelovani naTesaurikavSiric naTel-mironobis safuZvelze.

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ambrolaurSi mivdiodiT baxva xidurelTan. gzadgavCerdiT nikorwmindis eklesiaSi. maxsovs, axalgazr-debma wamoiwyes simRera “Sen xar venaxi”. rezom yvelassiCumisken mouwoda. levanma axalgazrdebs simRerisgameoreba sTxova. simRera rom damTavrda, levanmarezos uTxra, rom es sagalobeli mariam RvTismSob-lisadmia miZRvnili da misi avtoria daviT aRmaSeneb-lis vaJi demetre ufliswuli. rezom saxe daukocnalevans da Tqva: “me rom aq es sagalobeli ar momesmina,am informacias xom ver miviRebdio. zura,araCveulebrivi levani gyavso”.

erTic minda gavixseno. ucxoeTSi yofnisas rezoserTma ucxoelma megobarma uTxra _ zurabTan mindasaCuqari gagatanoo. rezom upasuxa _ zurabTan ara,magram mis levanTan saCuqars siamovnebiT waviRebo ...da levans araCveulebrivi magnitofoni da jazurimusikis brwyinvale SemsrulebelTa firfitebi Camou-tana.

levani Rrmad morwmune adamiani iyo. misi Taos-nobiT Seiqmna `sakvirao skola~, romlis sxdomebictardeboda Tbilisis universitetis ivane javaxiSvilisauditoriaSi. moxsenebebs kiTxulobdnen gamoCeniliqarTveli mecnierebi religiur, zogjer arareligiurTemebzec. rezo TiTqmis yovelTvis siamovnebiTeswreboda `sakvirao skolis~ moxsenebebs. ilia meoremam saqmianobisaTvis levani daasaCuqra axlad gamosulibibliiT.

moskovSi saoperaciod wasul rezos Tan gavyevi.rezos gardacvaleba udidesi ubedureba iyo CemiojaxisaTvis. levani didxans qviTinebda... rezossuraTebidan SearCia saukeTeso da zurab JvaniasTanmiitana gasadideblad (zurab Jvania Cemi da rezos

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axlobeli iyo, Cveni klaseli). es suraTi dResac kidiarezos ojaxSi.

2013 wlis 22 oqtombers avtoavariaSi daiRuparezos naTluli, Cemi sicocxle biWi, Cemi levani.

RmerTo, naTelSi amyofe naTlia_naTlulissulebi!

1967 w.

1972 w.

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saqarTvelos samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebismomzadebis gegma

bolo wlebSi, bevr dros uTmobda ra pedagogiurmuSaobas skolis moswavleebTan (amaze qveviT), isgaecno me-19 saukunis bolosa da me-20 saukunis dasaw-yisis SesaniSnavi qarTveli pedagogis iakob gogeba-Svilis Semoqmedebas. gansakuTrebiT afasebda iakobismosazrebebs axalgazrdobis zneobrivi da patriotuliaRzrdis Sesaxeb. i. gogebaSvilis erT gamonaTqvams, ro-melic axlos iyo mis sakuTar SexedulebebTan, rezoxSirad imeorebda: `spenseris mixedviT ubedurebaa,rodesac adamianSi zomaze meti patriotizmia, magramubedurebaa maSinac, Tu igi cotaa. pirvel SemTxvevaSiadamiani usamarTlo xdeba sxva xalxebis mimarT, meoreSemTxvevaSi ki codavs sakuTari samSoblos winaSe.saWiroa oqros zomiereba, mkacrad gayofili Suaguli,magram igi Znelad mosaZebnia, ukiduresad molipuliada masze Znelia wonasworobis dacva. sruliad sxvaahumanurobis principi. masze yvelgan da yovelTvisSeiZleba dayrdnoba. Tu vinme gamsWvalulia adamianisa-dmi siyvaruliT, is am Tavis keTilSobil grZnobasupirvelesad axorcielebs TanamemamuleTa mimarT,rogorc kacobriobis im nawilze, romelic yvelaze max-lobelia misTvis, magram, amasTan erTad, uRrmesipativiscemiT da solidarobiT eqceva sxva xalxebs daamgvarad xels uwyobs sayovelTao Zmobis, sayovelTaomegobrobis maRali mcnebis ganxorcielebas~.

rezo maRali humanurobis adamiani iyo. amazemetyvelebs misi damokidebuleba bavSvebTan, megobreb-Tan, kolegebTan, ucnob adamianebTan, cxovelebTan,magram uaRresad momTxovni iyo sakuTari Tavis mimarT.

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profesorma revaz doRonaZem didi wvlili Seitanasamecniero kadrebis momzadebis saqmeSi. misi uSualoxelmZRvanelobiT momzadda 12 sakandidato da 3sadoqtoro disertacia (unda aRiniSnos, rom maSindelisakandidato disertaciebi axlandeli sadoqtorodisrtaciebis tolfasi iyo rogorc moculobiT, isexarisxiT, xolo maSindeli sadoqtoro disertaciebiigivea, rac axla ucxoeTSi aRiniSneba rogorc Dr. Sci.,e. i. mecnierebaTa doqtori, ris aRdgenasac CvenSimravali mxardamWeri hyavs).

amJamad r. doRonaZis bevri mowafe warmatebiTSromobs niu-iorkis, moskovis, peterburgis, bonis,taSkentis, Tbilisis, kopenhagenis da sxva qalaqebiswamyvan samecniero centrebSi.

samecniero kadrebis momzadebaSi didi mniSvne-loba hqonda, rogorc zemoT iTqva, mis samecnieroseminarebs moskovis eleqtroqimiis institutis, xoloSemdgom Tbilisis eleqtroqimiis institutis TeoriulganyofilebebSi. am seminarebze xSirad gamodiodnenuaxlesi monacemebiT wamyvani sabWoTa da ucxoelimecnierebi. es seminarebi iyo revaz doRonaZis samec-niero skolis umTavresi `samWedlo~.

eqsperimentatorebisTvis misawvdomi rom yofi-liyo qimiuri da bioqimiuri reaqciebis kinetikis kvan-tur-meqanikuri Teoriis ZiriTadi debulebebi dadaskvnebi, r. doRonaZe sistematurad kiTxulobdaspecialurad maTze gaTvlil saleqcio kursebs. ase iyomoskovSi da sxva qalaqebSi, sadac mas iwvevdnen ammizniT. aseve iyo TbilisSic: 1979-80-ian wlebSi man wai-kiTxa leqciebis cikli, romelic moismines TbilisisjavaxiSvilis universitetis TanamSromlebma, iseverogorc saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis, mecni-

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erebaTa akademiis eleqtroqimiis institutis damcenareTa bioqimiis institutis TanamSromlebma.

gardacvalebamde daaxloebiT naxevari wliT adre(1985 wlis dasawyisSi) r. doRonaZis xelmZRvanelobiTdaiwera kvanturi biofizikis, bioqimiis da bio-eleqtroqimiis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili gamartivebulisaxelmZRvanelo rusul enaze, romelic dafiqsirdaeleqtronuli formiT [10]. (Р. Р. Догонадзе, З. Д. Урушадзе,Введение в Квантово-Механическую теорию Кинетики Эле-ментарного Акта Биохимических Реакций) (Sesavali bioqimi-uri reaqciebis kinetikis elementaruli aqtis kvantur-meqanikur TeoraSi) [10]. es iyo misi bolo naSromi.

TbilisSi gadmosvlis Semdeg revaz doRonaZe erT-erT mTavar amocanad Tvlida Tavisi Teoriuliganyofilebis Sevsebas niWieri axalgazrdebiT. am miz-niT man 1981 wels sazogadoebriv sawyisebze daiwyoleqciebis kiTxva Teoriuli fizikis rCeul TavebzeTbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis universitetis fizikisfakultetis da saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetissainJinro-fizikuri fakultetis studentebisTvis.SemdgomSi is apirebda zogierTi maTganis samuSaodayvanas, magram studentTa codnis dabalma donem aiZu-la Seecvala gegma da gadawyvita gacnoboda momavalstudentebs - saSualo skolis fizikiT dainteresebulufrosklaselebs. Tbilisis ganaTlebis ganyofilebisdaxmarebiT Seikriba ufrosklaselTa jgufi Tbilisissxvadasxva skolidan. pirvelive gasaubrebaze gairkvamaTi codnis mniSvnelovani naklovanebebi rogorcfizikaSi, ise maTematikaSi, rac garkveviT asaxavdaswavlebis meTodikis naklovanebebs.

studentebTan da saSualo skolis moswavleebTanuSualo Sexebam seriozulad daafiqra r. doRonaZe. is

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im daskvnamde mivida, rom aucilebelia damuSavdesrespublikaSi maRali kvalifikaciis samecniero-teq-nikuri kadrebis momzadebis gegma, romelic man 1983wels Camoayaliba da moaxsena im wels Catarebulrespublikis maswavlebelTa yrilobas (ix. gazeTi `Tbi-lisi~, 2 marti, 1984 w.):

`maRali donis fizika-teqnikuri ganaTlebis mqonekadrebis momzadeba unda daiwyos saskolo merxidan.amisaTvis arsebuli fizika-maTematikuri skolebisparalelurad unda Seiqmnas fizika-teqnikuri skolebi.

fizika-maTematikuri skolebi umetes SemTxvevaSiufro maTematikuri skolebia, vidre fizika-maTema-tikuri. es garemoeba, rogorc Cans, gamowveulia imiT,rom maTematikis programebi ukeT aris damuSavebuli,vidre fizikis. garda amisa, iseT zust, iseT logikurmecnierebas, rogoric maTematikaa, mowafeebi ukeTiTviseben, vidre fizikas. amis gamo, mizanSewoniladmigvaCnia faqtiurad maTematikuri ganxris mqonefizika-maTematikuri skolebis gverdiT Camoyalibdesfizika-teqnikuri skolebi, sadac wamyvani iqneba fizika.aseT skolebSi fizika unda Seiswavlebodes teqnikasTanmWidro kavSirSi da kursdamTavrebulebma SemdgomSiswavla unda gaagrZelon fizika-teqnikuri tipis umaR-les saswavlebelSi, kerZod, teqnikuri universitetissainJinro fizikis fakultetze.

fizika-teqnikuri skolebisTvis unda damuSavdesspecialuri programebi fizikasa da maTematikaSi.maRal zogadTeoriul donesTan erTad, programebSigaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos iseTi sailustraciomasala, romelic asaxavs fundamenturi problemebismWidro kavSirs teqnikur miRwevebTan.

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fizika-teqnikuri skolebis kusdamTavrebulTaSemdgomi momzadeba unda gagrZeldes fizika-teqnikuriprofilis umaRles saswavlebelSi. respublikaSi aseTiprofili faqtiurad mxolod saqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversitetis sainJinro-fizikur fakultets gaaCnia.amitom zemoaRniSnuli kadrebis momzadeba ZiriTadadsaqarTvelos teqnikur universitets unda daekisros.swavlebis donis asamaRleblad teqnikur universitetSimizanSewonilia Teoriuli fizikis kaTedrisCamoyalibebac.

sainJinro fizikis fakultets unda daematosaxali specialoba _ `Teoriuli fizika~ da undadamuSavdes Teoriul fizikaSi specialuri kursisprograma. igi unda iTvaliswinebdes maRal TeoriuldonesTan erTad Tanamedrove mecnierebis umniSvnelo-vanes teqnikur miRwevebs. magaliTad, meqanikisa daeleqtrodinamikis kursebSi unda gamaxvildes yurad-Reba arawrfiv sistemebze, rac Tanamedrove mikro-eleqtronikis da radiofizikis saZirkvels qmnis.gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces energetikissakiTxebs da sxv.

swavlebisas mWidro kavSiri unda damyardessxvadasxva akademiur da sauwyebo kvleviT dawesebule-bebTan, agreTve respublikis msxvil samrewvelo sawar-moebTan, raTa swavlebis procesSive moxdes studentTaorientireba ama Tu im samecniero-teqnikur ansawarmoo dawesebulebaze.

aRniSnuli profilis studentebisaTvis leqciebiswasakiTxad unda gamoviyenoT respublikis wamyvanisamecniero Zalebi, rogorc respublikis umaRlesi dasaSualo specialuri ganaTlebis saministros, isemecnierebaTa akademiis xaziT. mizanSewonilia, rom

47

imave mecnierebma Caataron leqciebi fizika-teqnikurskolebSic.

amrigad, Seiqmneba kadrebis momzadebis erTianisistema, erTiani jaWvi: fizika-teqnikuri skola _umaRlesi saswavleblis sainJinro-fizikuri profilisfakulteti _ samecniero-teqnikuri dawesebuleba~.

revaz doRonaZem SeimuSava swavlebis procesSieqskursiebis CarTvisa da Catarebis meTodika, romelicsaWiroa sxvadasxva samecniero da samrewvelo dawesebu-lebaSi eqskursiebis mosawyobad, respublikis wamyvanmecnierebTan da inJinrebTan Sesaxvedrad. zemoTqmuliiTvaliswinebda moswavleTaTvis sxvadasxva problemisgadaWris magaliTebis Cvenebas uSualod adgilze.

r. doRonaZe amasTan dakavSirebiT samarTlianaddasZenda, rom aRniSnuli eqskursiebis Sedegad moswav-leTaTvis TvalnaTlavi gaxdeboda, Tu ra kavSiriarsebobs sainJinro-teqnikur da samecniero problemebsSoris. isini samuSaos adgilze gacnobis gziT iswav-lidnen, Tu rogor xdeba ama Tu im sakiTxis wamoWra,fizikuri amocanis dasma. yvelaferi es ki saWiroaimisTvis, rom ar moxdes Teoriis daSorebapraqtikisagan.

aq sayuradRebo is gaxlavT, rom yoveli zemoTaRniSnuli winadadeba daiwera da savsebiT damaje-reblad gamoiyureboda 1983 wels _ 32 wlis win. axla kiqveyanaSi viTareba imdenad Secvlilia uaresobisken,rom yvelaferma aman SeiZleba Rimili mogvaros ada-mians, rogorc raRac ararealurma, fantaziis sferosgegmam, garda fizika-teqnikuri skolis ideisa, razecqvemoT gavagrZelebT saubars.

miuxedavad amisa, revaz doRonaZis yovelinafiqri, Tu xelSenavlebi imsaxurebs seriozul gans-

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jas. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa is didi xelovneba(sxva sityva ver movZebne amis gamosaxatavad), racsainteresos xdida mis yovel leqcias, Tu gakveTils.aqedan gamomdinare, pirdapir SeiZleba iTqvas, Tu raTvisebebi unda gaaCndes maRali donis leqtors. pirvelrigSi unda aRiniSnos, rogorc galaqtioni ambobda,`niWi, Zamiko, niWi~, e. i. sityvis Tqmis niWi, rac, samwu-xarod, bevrs ar aqvs. es oratoruli niWi, ki, rogorcityvian, `godrebiT hqonda~ revaz doRonaZes. misisajaro gamosvla gajerebuli iyo faqizi iumoriT,sxvadasxva xasiaTis saintereso ambebiT da, ra Tqmaunda, sagnis brwyinvale codniT, rasac Rirseul fonsuqmnida leqtoris didi samecniero avtoriteti. mok-led rom vTqvaT, am abzacSi Tavmoyrilia leqtoris,maswavleblis warmatebis mTeli saidumlo. Tumca aqacaris gamonaklisebi. magaliTad, udidesi qarTvelimecnieris, fiziologis, ivane beritaSvilis leqciisbolomde mosmena mxolod didi nebisyofis adamianebsTu SeeZloT, leqciis dune tempis da SeCerebebissiuxvis gamo.

aq erT `saidumlosac~ gagandobT. albaT, argagikvirdebaT Tu getyviT, rom qarTuli sufris yvelakarg Tamadas aqvs es RvTiT momadlebuli niWi. amasTandakavSirebiT gavixseneb erT SemTxvevas, rodesac rezomoskovidan Camovida TbilisSi. es 1973 wels iyo, masSemdeg, rac me davicavi disertacia. erTi Cemi megobariZalian mowadinebuli iyo, rom CemTvis da rezosTvisgaecno Tavisi megobari _ saocari Tamada. amisTvisdagpatiJebTo sauzmeze, romelzec viqnebiTo mxolodSen, me, rezo da is saocari Tamadao, romelicgauZRveba am patara sufraso. Zalian rom Semawuxa,vTxove rezos rogorme moecala saamisod. Zlivs

49

daviyolie. da ai, Cven varT Cemi megobris oTaxSi, sadacdagvxvda Cveni mowvevis mizezi, romelsac Cemi megobarisiyvaruliT simonikas eZaxda. es simonika aRmoCndaqarTuli enis maswavlebeli simon sxirtlaZe, romelicTbilisSi cnobili iyo, rogorc saukeTeso Tamada. esxma Cemamdec iyo mosuli, magram mas arasodes Sevxved-rivar. marTlac, simonika ise gauZRva am samkaciansufras daRamebamde, rom rezos gadaaviwya misi mudmiviàTasi saqme~. Tamadis yoveli sityva iseTi qarTuliTiyo naTqvami, rom aravis dabadebia sufris datovebissurvili.

sabednierod, amas winaT, gazeT `kviris palitris~kedlis kalendarSi 2015 wlis 1 ivniss wavawydi simonsxirtlaZis SesaniSnav patara werils `sworupovarimWevrmetyveli~ [11], romelic warmodgenas Seqmnisimaze, Tu rogor iTamadebda simonika CvenTan. amitomTqvenc gagacnobT am werilis adresats: - `... dariafaRavas _ mSvenier da sulierad gaciskrovnebul mandi-losans, romelmac gansacvifrebeli sityva warmosTqvaimereTis saxelganTqmuli episkoposis wm. gabrielqiqoZis dakrZalvaze 1896 wlis 10 marts gelaTSi ...~.

`... is idga cnobierebis mwvervalze da erTxelacar momwydara misgan. man dasTesa qveyanaze margalitida saqmiT moimko yoveli keTili. bevri ipovna mandakarguli, bevri Semata man cxovrebas da bevri ususu-ri moasuldgmula, gamoasaTuTa sasicocxlod ... aRaragvyavs aw Cveni Rirseba da Cveni eris ufrosi Svili,romelsac aufrosebs momavali qarTlisa ZeTa ...~.

`... gveyav meoxaT RvTis winaSe da mogvanaTe SenirCeulTa Soris gamouyofeli Saravandi, raTa erTissididiT da erTis erovnuli RirsebiT brwyinavdesmTeli saqarTvelo~.

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`... darias Semdeg didi ilia uCveulo sityviTgamoeTxova amagdar moZRvars ...~.

sazogadoebam im dRes ori gamoarCia _ dariafaRava da ilia~.

am `liriuli~ gadaxris Semdeg, rac maswavleblis,leqtoris saqmianobas, mis profesionalizms Seexeba,unda gagacnoT is saocari pirveli leqcia, romliTacr. doRonaZe warsdga teqnikur universitetTan mis mierSeqmnili 3-wliani fizika-teqnikuri skolis `pirvel-kurselebTan~ (saSualo skolis me-7 klaselebTan).

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revaz doRonaZis arCeva saqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversitetis zogadi da Teoriuli fizikis

kaTedris gamged

fizika-teqnikuri skolis gaxsnateqnikur universitetTan

1982 wels revaz doRonaZe airCies teqnikuriuniversitetis zogadi da Teoriuli fizikis kaTedrisgamged. universitetis xelmZRvanelobam srulad Sea-fasa saSualo skolis moswavleebTan revaz doRonaZispedagogiuri saqmianobis didi mniSvneloba, rogorcrespublikaSi maRali kvalifikaciis samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebis momzadebis masStaburi programisnawilisa. revaz doRonaZes esmoda, rom muSaoba iseTmZlavr organizaciaSi, rogoric aris teqnikuriuniversiteti, xsnis mis winaSe ara marto farTopedagogiuri moRvaweobis sarbiels, aramed aZlevssaSualebas gaafarTovos didi saxalxo-sameurneomniSvnelobis mqone samecniero muSaoba. marTlac,kaTedris samecniero-kvleviT gegmebSi Setanili iqnaeleqtruli muxtis gadatanis problemebTan dakav-Sirebuli praqtikuli sakiTxebi. pirvel rigSi daigegmazedapiruli movlenebis, kerZod, litografiis proce-sis gamokvleva, rasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs kaJbadianiintegraluri sqemebis warmoebaSi.

Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis universitetisa dateqnikuri universitetis studentebTan fakultaturmecadineobebTan erTad man gaxsna fizika-teqnikuriskola teqnikur universitetTan, romelSic CairicxnenTbilisis saSualo skolebis me-7 klaselebi. iyo,agreTve, imis imedi, rom zogierT skolaSi, rogorc

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TbilisSi, ise mis farglebs gareT, gaixsneba `fizika-teqnikuri~ ganxris eqsperimentuli klasebi. erTi aseTiklasi marTlac gaixsna da, miuxedavad imisa, rom ismarto erTi iyo, mas mainc SevexebiT.

es klasi Seiqmna lanCxuTis #2 saSualo skolisme-7 klasSi. avadmyofobis gamZafrebamde, TiTqmisweliwadnaxevris ganmavlobaSi r. doRonaZe sistema-turad, or kviraSi erTxel Cadioda lanCxuTSi. im dResmisi leqciis garda, rezos TanamSromlebi atarebdnenkidev or praqtikul mecadineobas, erTs maTematikaSian fizikaSi, xolo meores inglisur enaSi, romlisgareSec Tanamedrove fizikoss Zalian gauWirdeba.rodesac gavige, rom inglisuris teqstebi exebafexburTs, maSinve mivxvdi Canafiqrs. yvela mecadineobaam klasSi `xuTianze~ mimdinareobda.

mowafeebma Seiyvares rezo. gulis amaCuyebeli iyo,rom misi gardacvalebidan erTi wlis Semdeg, maTgamouSves misi xsovnisadmi miZRvnili kedlis gazeTi.

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pirveli leqcia teqnikuri universitetisfizika-teqnikur skolaSi

revaz doRonaZe gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiTemzadeboda pirveli leqciis Casatareblad me-7klaselebTan fizika-teqnikur skolaSi, romelic gaixs-na saqarTvelos teqnikur universitetTan. msmenelebisTaviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT, man gadawyvita Sear-Cios Sexvedris arastandartuli forma da warmoadgina`piesa~ 6 moqmedebad, romelic dawera `Zveli aRTqmis~(bibliis) mixedviT samyaros Seqmnis 6 dRis Sesabamisad.faqtiurad es iyo amonawerebi bibliis teqstidan,romelsac axlda gamWvirvale firze daxatulimaxvilgonivruli ilustraciebi, romlebic Cndebaekranze da mas mosdevs leqtoris komentarebi. TemisSesabamisad SerCeuli iyo musikaluri Tanxlebac. piesissatitulo furceli STambeWdavad gamoiyureboda:

`Zveli aRTqmis~ mixedviT

samyaros Seqmnapiesa 6 moqmedebad

musika iohan sebastian baxisa1. kantata #21asrulebs miunxenis baxis saxelobis qoro da

orkestri.diriJori karl rixteri.2. tokata da fuga re-minoriasrulebs parizis RvTismSoblis taZris orRanze

pier koSero.

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am pirvelma mecadineobam axal `fizteqze~, ro-melsac mowafeebis garda bevri mozrdilic eswreboda(fizikosebis CaTvliT), didi warmatebiT Caiara. feradigamosaxulebebi ekranze, STambeWdavi musika, leqtorismaxvilgonieri komentarebi _ yvelaferi sayuradReboda saintereso iyo.

leqtoris Canafiqri warmatebiT ganxorcielda _auditoria dapyrobil iqna. martivad, garkveviT daZalian sainteresod iyo axsnili bunebis ra bevrimovlenis axsna SeuZlia fizikas da ra uTvalavi sakiTxielis Tavis Jams. leqciam `moicva yovelive~elementaruli nawilakebidan kosmologiis sakiTxebamdeda religiamde.

bavSvebTan muSaobam gaitaca rezo. mis ocnebadgadaiqca patara `qarTveli landaus~ aRmoCena (cnobiliTeoretikosis, akademikos landaus èSxiT~). rodesacamis Sesaxeb velaparake giga gabadaZes _ `fizteqis~erT-erT yofil me-7 klasels, romelic saubrismomentSi niu-iorkSi xelmZRvanelobda seriozulifizikosebiT dakompleqtebul koleqtivs, man gaicinada miTxra `ra dros landaus xsenebaao~.

me es pasuxi imedianad CavTvale da vici, rom malegavixarebT qarTveli fizikosebis didi warmatebiT.bavSvebi enTuziazmiT modiodnen mis mecadineobebze.marTlac, rezos leqciebi arasdros ar iyo mxolodmSrali leqciebi fizikaSi an maTematikaSi. isyovelTvis poulobda saSualebas kavSiri daemyarebinaadamianebsa da maT garemomcvel bunebas Soris, an TviTadamianis Sinagan samyarosTan. daRlilobas kargi xum-roba aqarvebda. rezos devizi iyo cnobili moskovelimaTematikosis, akademikos nikoloz luzinis sityvebi:`mTavaria daaintereso, muSaobas ki TviTon daiwyeben~.

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da es mas brwyinvaled gamosdioda. norCi moswavleebigatacebiT asrulebdnen seriozul davalebebs. undaaRiniSnos, rom meSvide klaselebs (e. i. samwliani`fizteqis~ `pirvelkurselebs~) disciplinebi ekiTxebo-daT savsebiT solidur doneze. magaliTad, maTematikiskursi Seicavda iseT sakiTxebsac, rogoricaa ganzo-gadoebuli koordinatebis cneba, funqciebis miaxlove-biTi gamoTvla teiloris mwkvrivis saSualebiT, komp-leqsuri ricxvebi, diferencirebisa da integrirebissawyisebi da a. S., fizikis kursSi ki Setanili iyokvanturi meqanikis umartivesi cnebebi. seminarebze,romlebic dasawyisSi TviT rezos mihyavda, xoloSemdgom misi yuradRebis qveS tardeboda, ganixilebodaara marto amocanebi saintereso fizikuri SinaarsiT,aramed, erTi SexedviT, sruliad trivialuri amocanebi.magaliTad, amocanebi auzze, romelSic erTi miliTSedis wyali, xolo meoreTi gamodis da romelicmowafeebis mravali TaobisaTvis aris cnobili, iseve,rogorc misi msgavsi sxva amocanebi, sadac eZiebdnensavsebiT aratrivialur amonaxsnebs, an gagrZelebebs.

revaz doRonaZem fizika-teqnikuri skolebisTvisSeadgina programebi maTematikasa da fizikaSi. fizikissaxelmZRvanelosTvis man moaswro mxolod Sesavalinawilis Savi variantis dawera. am SesavalSi man gani-xila iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxic, rogoricaa moma-vali specialobis swori arCeva. amasTan dakavSirebiT isganixilavs fizikosebis da maTematikosebis azrovnebisdamaxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs. magaliTisTvis masmohyavs zemoxsenebuli trivialuri amocana auzze daaCvenebs, Tu rogori gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyosadamianebis azrovneba `maTematikuri~ da `fizikuri~yaidis SemTxvevebSi.

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fizikis sasurveli saxelmZRvanelos nimuSad masmohyavda SesaniSnavi amerikeli fizikosis riCardfeinmanis leqciebi (6 wignad) [12], romlebic Targm-nilia msoflios mraval enaze (qarTulad ara).SekiTxvaze, xom ar iqneba misi saxelmZRvanelo amkursis gameoreba, r. doRonaZe pasuxobda: `ZiriTadidebulebebi, ra Tqma unda, gameordeba, araZiriTadi _ara. rac Seexeba magaliTebs, isini aucileblad sxvaiqneba. is ganmartavda, Tu ra stilSi daiwereba misisaxelmZRvanelo: `rogorc werdnen zeldoviCi daiaglomi, mSvidad da nela, roca ar fiqrob mocu-lobaze. rogorc feinmanTan, rodesac gsurs Seedavomas~. is Zalian maRal Sefasebas aZlevda gamoCenilifizikos-Teoretikosis, akademikos i. zeldoviCis dacnobili maTematikosis i. iaglomis wigns - ùmaRlesimaTematika damwyebi fizikosebisa da teqnikosebisTvis~(es wignic ar gvaqvs qarTulad). r. doRonaZisprogramebi fizikisa da maTematikaSi kargad erwymis amSesaniSnav wigns [13].

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saerTaSoriso konferencia `Telavi-84~

TbilisSi, eleqtroqimiis institutis TeoriulganyofilebaSi saorganizacio muSaobasa da aqtiurpedagogiur moRvaweobasTan erTad, razec qvemoTmogaxsenebT, revaz doRonaZe monawileobs mravalisamecniero konferenciis muSaobaSi. 1979 wels is iyosabWoTa delegaciis xelmZRvaneli saerTaSorisokonfereciaze snoumasSi (aSS, kolorados Stati), ro-melic mieZRvna myari sxeulis da eleqtrolitisgamyofi zedapiris kvlevis aratradiciul meTodebs.konferenciis monawileebs man SesTavaza am TematikazeerT-erTi uaxloesi Sexvedris Catareba saqarTveloSi.es winadadeba oficialurad iqna damtkicebuli 1982wels loganSi (aSS, iutas Stati) morig konferenciazearatradiciul meTodebze, romlis sakonsultaciokomitetis wevric igi iyo.

amrigad, msgavsi Tematikis mesame konferenciasabWoTa kavSirSi pirvelad saqarTveloSi undaCatarebuliyo. riTi iyo gamowveuli mecnierTa gazr-dili daintereseba sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi myofnivTierebaTa gamyofi zedapirebis SeswavliT? saqme isgaxlavT, rom fizikisa da qimiis momijnave mecnierebisam sferos uSualo Sexeba aqvs Tanamedrove teqno-logiebTan, magaliTad, mzis energiis gardaqmnasa dagamoyenebasTan, mikroeleqtronikis progresTan da sxvauniSvnelovanes mimarTulebebTan, romlebiTac amJamadganisazRvreba saxelmwifoTa samecniero-teqnikuriganviTarebis done. aseTi aqtualuri samecniero konfe-renciis saqarTveloSi Catarebis gadawyvetileba, uTu-od iyo profesor revaz doRonaZis maRali samecniero

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avtoritetis dadastureba, am sferoSi misi samecnierodamsaxurebis saerTaSoriso aRiareba.

momavali konferenciis (`fazaTaSorisi sazRvriseleqtrodinamika, kvanturi efeqtebi adsorbirebulfenebsa da afskebSi~) mizani iyo am sferoSi uaxlesmiRwevaTa ganxilva da Sedegebis Sejameba da, agreTve,momaval gamokvlevaTa perspeqtivebis gamovlena.samecniero samyaros daintereseba am konferenciiTaisaxa misi saorganizacio da sakonsultacio komite-tebis STambeWdav SemadgenlobebSi. maTgan pirvelSiSediodnen, r. doRonaZis garda, iseTi cnobili sabWoTamecnierebi, rogorc v. agranoviCi, e. velixovi, n.lidorenko, a. naumoveci da sxva, xolo ucxoel mecni-erTagan _ h. geriSeri (germaniis maqs plankis sazoga-doebis fric haberis instituti), s. devisoni (aSS,vaterloos universiteti), i. ulstrupi (daniis teqni-kuri universiteti), b. hanseni (aSS, iutas universi-teti), b. Sulce (germaniis diuseldorfis universi-teti) da sxv. sakonsultacio komitetSi Sediodnen b.kazarinovi (ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis eleqtro-qimiis instituti), a. rJanovi (ruseTis mecnierebaTaakademiis cimbiris ganyofilebis naxevargamtarTafizikis instituti), akademikosi v. spicini da sxv.,xolo ucxoel mecnierTagan _ fizikaSi nobelis premiisorgzis laureati (rac unikaluri movlenaa) jonbardini (aSS, ilinoisis universiteti), C. diuki (aSS,korporacia qseroqsi), riego kubo (iaponia, keiosuniversiteti), r. parsonsi (safrangeTi, samecnierogamokvlevaTa nacionaluri centri), s. trasati (italia,milanis universiteti), fizikaSi nobelis premiislaureati j. Sriferi (aSS, kaliforniis universiteti),

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fizikaSi nobelis premiis laureati leo esaki (aSS,tomas j. uotsonis gamokvlevaTa centri) da sxv.

konferenciis Catareba gadawyda 1984 wlis 1-5oqtombers TelavSi. rezom mizezTa gamo SearCiaTelavi. pirveli, rac man gaiTvaliswina iyo is, romsastumro axlos iyo dramatuli Teatris SenobasTan,sadac Catardeba konferencia. meore, da amas rezogansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda, _ Telavi _istoriuli qalaqia, kaxeTis centri, ganlagebulisilamaziT da nayofierebiT ganTqmul alaznis velze.TviTon TelavSi da mis SemogarenSi mravladaaistoriul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. `me minda gavaocokonferenciis monawileni am silamaziT~. _ ambobdarezo. aravis SeeZlo warmoedgina, rom es iqnebodabolo konferencia mis cxovrebaSi. manamde, 1983 welsman miiRo monawileoba saerTaSoriso sazafxuloskolaSi axalgazrda mecnierTaTvis, sadac waikiTxaleqciebis cikli. aseTma `saskolo~ leqciebma moutanamas uzarmazari avtoriteti sabWoTa da ucxoelaxalgazrda mecnierebSi.

rezom konferenciis momzadebaSi monawileobismisaRebad CarTo ara marto misi Teoriuliganyofilebis TanamSromlebi, aramed saqarTvelos teq-nikuri universitetis zogadi da Teoriuli fizikiskaTedris TanamSromlebic, romlis gamgedac is airCies1982 wels. kargad mofiqrebul kulturul programaSiSedioda uZvelesi istoriul-arqiteqturuli ZeglebisdaTvaliereba, sxvadasxva eqskursiebi, magram programismTavari nomeri unda yofiliyo alaverdis taZarSiTelavis musikaluri skolis moswavle gogonaTa qoroskoncerti uZvelesi saeklesio sagaloblebis Sesru-

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lebiT. asec iyo. koncertma udidesi STabeWdilebamoaxdina.

konferenciisTvis mzadebis periodSi iyo usia-movno momentebic. ase, magaliTad, nobelis laureatmajon Sriferma gamogzavna depeSa, rom uars acxadebssakonsultacio komitetSi muSaobaze protestis niSnad,vinaidan sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro Zalebma Camoagdeskoreis samgzavro TviTmfrinavi (ruseTis mier okupi-rebuli saqarTveloc sabWoTa kavSirad moiazreboda).aseve moiqca nobelis meore laureatic, leo esaki,msoflioSi erT-erTi cnobili avtoriteti mikro-eleqtronikaSi. magram am periodSi iyo sasiamovnoambebic. ase, 1983 wels revaz doRonaZe airCies saqarT-velos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrad. Telavis konfe-reciaze Camovidnen monawileebi sabWoTa kavSiris daucxoeTis samecniero centrebidan (aSS, kanada, ger-mania, espaneTi, safrangeTi, inglisi, dania, bulgareTi,poloneTi, CexeTi, italia, iaponia, iugoslovia). konfe-renciam `Telavi-84~ warmatebiT Caiara. unda aRiniSnos,rom doqtorma klaus fon klitcingma miunxenis univer-sitetidan (germania) samecniero samuSaosTvis, romel-zec gaakeTa moxseneba konferenciaze (holis kvanturiefeqtis aRmoCena), 1986 wels miiRo nobelis premia.

gamosamSvidobebel banketze sufris Tamada iyorezo. es ar gaukvirdeba maT, vinc axlos icnobdarezos. rezosTvis qarTuli purmarili arasdros yofi-la ubralod Rvinis sma. is amaSi xedavda erovnultradicias da Tvlida erovnuli kulturis elementad.mas moswonda qarTuli sufris savaldebulo sadRe-grZeloebi _ `mSvidobisTvis Cven saxlebSi, Cveni miwa-wylis ayvavebis, mSoblebis, megobrobis, siyvarulis,axalgazrda Taobis, momRimari diasaxlisis, gardacv-

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lilTa mogonebis da a.S.~ is stumrebs uxsnida, rom amsadRegrZeloebis Tema yvela xalxisTvis axlobelia.aqve vityvi Cemi levanis sityvebiT, [7]: àm sadRegr-ZeloebSi asaxulia qarTveli xalxis miswrafeba mSvi-dobisken, bednieri momavlis rwmena. es saqarTvelosistoriam _ TiTqmis dausrulebeli omebis istoriamdatova kvali qarTul erovnul sadRegrZelebze, iseverogorc Cvens misalmebaze da gamomSvidobebaze.Sexvedris dros qarTvelebi erTmaneTs gamarjvebasusurveben (aqedanaa `gamarjoba~) da ara janmrTelobas(Seadare rusuli _ `zdravstvui~ _ zdravia rusuladjanmrTelobaa), ganSorebisas ki mSvidobas usurvebenqarTvelebi erTmaneTs (`mSvidobiT~)~.

rezosTvis qarTuli sufra sasiamovno ritualiiyo aucilebeli simRerebiTa da cekvebiT (rezo _maRali da moqnili, didi grZnobiT cekvavda`baRdadurs~). is mWermetyveli Tamada iyo, romelsacxelewifeboda tradiciuli qarTuli sadRegrZeloebisiumoriT SeTavseba improvizaciasTan.

Telavis banketze rezo ukanasknelad iyo Tamada.daRlilad gamoiyureboda. CaTvales, rom gadaiRala.marTlac, is Tavdauzogavad iRvwoda konferenciisRirseulad CatarebisTvis. magram, samwuxarod, misidReebi daTvlili iyo. vidre am samwuxaro sakiTxsSevexebiT, unda iTqvas im did pedagogiur samuSaoze,romlis Catareba man moaswro TbilisSi.

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aunazRaurebeli danaklisi

Telavis konferenciis warmatebulma dasrulebam,romlis organizebas revaz doRonaZem udidesi energiaSealia, imeds iZleoda, rom iwyeba samecniero-kvleviTida pedagogiuri moRvaweobis axali etapi. sainteresoideebi mravlad iyo, iseve, rogorc niWieri TanamSrom-lebi iyvnen gverdiT. magram gauTavebeli Tavis tkiviliar eSveboda da, ai, profesor roman SaqariSvilisgamaognebeli daskvna _ simsivne Tavis tvinis areSi. r.doRonaZe saswrafod moaTavses moskovSi n. burdenkossaxelobis neiroqirurgiis institutTan arsebulsaavadmyofoSi. SaqariSvilis daskvnam SokSi Camagdo. amwuTidan rezos ar movcilebivar da rogorc vTqvi, masmoskovSic gavyevi. operacia dainiSna 1985 wlis 12maisisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom is dRe arasasurveliunda yofiliyo avadmyofTa janmrTelobisTvis, opera-cia ar gadades. eqimebis SexedulebiT operaciam kargadCaiara. simsivne keTilTvisebiani aRmoCnda, magram, ro-gorc ityvian, eSmaks ar eZina. 13 maisis RamiT sisxliswnevam saSiSrad moimata. verafriT rom ver SeaCeres esmateba, mimarTes Zvel wess _ gaxsnes vena, magram aqgulma umtyuna.

msoflio samecniero sazogadoebriobam cxareddaitira revaz doRonaZis udroo gardacvaleba. revazdoRonaZe, gamoCenili mecnieri, Tanamedrove kvanturieleqtroqimiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Semqmneli, martosaqarTvelos ar daukargavs.

TbilisSi is daasvenes saqarTvelos teqnikuriuniversitetis saaqto darbazSi. gamosveneba Catarda1985 wlis 18 maiss. daikrZala saburTalos sasaflaozemSoblebis gverdiT.

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did konstantine gamsaxurdias uTqvams:àrasodes didi mwignobarni ar gamxdaran isini,

visac amqveyniuri didebis mosaxveWad auRiaT kalamixelSi. mxolod isini darCenilan kacobriul vnebaTadid mesityveebad, visac didi ideebisaTvis brZolaSiSemoscveTiaT abjari, ubrZoliaT da uRvawiaT ...~

es sityvebi kargad erwymis revaz doRonaZes _mecniersa da moqalaqes, axalgazrdobis moyvarulsa daSemwes, Tavis saqmeze, Tavis samSobloze uangarodSeyvarebul kacs, romelic mTeli sicocxlis manZilzeTavisi qveynis warmatebebs erT-erT saimedo burjadedga.

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revaz doRonaZis dabadebidan 70 wlisTavisaRniSvna 2001 w. noemberSi, saerToevropuli

mecnierebis kvireulis farglebSi

1967 wels moskovSi gamoica Targmani gamoCeniliamerikeli fizikosis robert openheimeris 65-gverdianiwignisa `mfrinavi trapecia. sami krizisi fizikaSi~ [14].meore msoflio omis dros, 1941 wlidan oppenheimeri 38wlis asakSi saTaveSi Caudga uCveulod did da rTullos-alamosis `zelaboratorias~, sadac Seiqmna atomu-ri bombi. cxadia, rom misma patara wignma dididaintereseba gamoiwvia mraval qveyanaSi. wigni warmoad-gens konspeqtur Canawers sami leqciisa, romlebic 1962wels man waikiTxa kanadaSi makmasteris universitetSi.am umaRles saswavlebelSi arsebobda SesaniSnavi tra-dicia _ yovel wels moewviaT romelime gamoCenili mec-nieri (Tematikis ganurCevlad) leqciebis wasakiTxad,`rac daexmareba studentebs gadalaxon fakultetebisgamyofi barierebi Tanamedrove universitetSi~. (samwu-xarod, es wignic ar aris naTargmni qarTulad, z. u.).

wigni sami nawilisagan Sedgeba: `sivrce da dro~,àtomi da veli~, òmi da erebi~. wignSi praqtikuladformulebis gareSe aris ganxiluli fardobiTobisTeoriis da kvanturi meqanikis principebi. rogorczemoTaa aRniSnuli, formulebis da saerTodmaTematikis gareSea dawerili albert ainStainisa daleopold infeldis samecniero-popularuli wignic`fizikis evolucia~, romelic kidev ufro adre, 1937wels daiwera. aseTi wignebis dawera fizikaze, romelicmecnierulia, ar Seicavs formulebs da sainteresoawasakiTxad, mxolod farTo ganaTlebis mqone didmecnierebs xelewifebaT. rac Seexeba openheimers, is

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axalgazrdobaSi swavlobda Zvel berZnul da laTinurenebs, xolo mogvianebiT Seiswavla sanskriti, kargadgaecno budizms da Zvel indur filosofias, TviTonacrigian leqsebs werda. hyvebian, rom man gaaoca dekani,rodesac auxsna, ratom airCia samuSaod kaliforniisuniversiteti: `me momxibla iman, rom Tqvens biblioTe-kaSi aris XVI-XVII saukuneebis frangi poetebis leqsebismdidari koleqcia~.

Tavis wigns openheimeri iwyebs ase: àmJamindeli XXsaukune _ didi saukunea fizikisTvis. esaa saukunemoulodneli, Rrma da amaRelvebeli aRmoCenebisa,romlebmac praqtikaSi danergvis Sedegad mniSvnelovnadSecvala adamianis cxovrebis pirobebi. bolo ramdenimewlis ganmavlobaSi miRweulia uzarmazari progresisicocxlis ZiriTadi mxareebis gagebaSi (aq miniSnebuliamemkvidruli nivTierebis _ genis struqturis dadgena_ z. u.) da me darwmunebuli var, rom momaval wlebSikacobrioba gacilebiT mets gaigebs, vidre misiganviTarebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi, cocxaliorganizmebis saocari funqciebis Sesaxeb, TviTadamianzec, rogorc bunebis nawilze. Cven, fizikosebi,amJamad jer kidev dakavebuli varT uZnelesi brZoliTmateriis kanonebisa da misi bunebis Sesacnobad (undaiTqvas, rom dRes, 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi, es brZolakidev ufro gaafTrebiT mimdinareobs da mas, rogorcCans, dasasruli ara aqvs _ z. u.).

... mecnierTa raodenoba, kacobriobis mTeliistoriis ganmavlobaSi sakmarisad didia, magram maTidaaxloebiT 93% dResac cocxalia. es metyvelebsimaze, rom mecnierebaSi CarTuli adamianebis ricxviZalian swrafad izrdeba ...

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am ramdenime xnis win me mestumra sabWoTa kavSirismecnierebaTa akademiis swavluli mdivani, romelmacmTeli dRe gaatara CemTan prinstonSi (sadac open-heimeri xelmZRvanelobda `mowinave samecniero prob-lemebis instituts~). Cemi SexedulebiT, mas mniSvne-lovani politikuri posti ukavia. Cven cotaodenivilaparakeT samecniero moRvaweobis masStabebis gazr-daze, rasTanac mas aqvs Sexeba, rogorc administra-tors. me SevekiTxe, Tu rogoria, misi SexedulebiT,Semdgomi ormocdaaTwliani periodis perspeqtivebi. mandaufiqreblad mipasuxa: ìm droisTvis Cven yvelanimecnierebi viqnebiT~. naTqvamis saSinel azrs is maSinvever Cawvda, magram Semdeg daumata: `Tumca ara, yvelaara~.

piradad CemTvis (z. u.) orives azri gasagebia.openheimeri gaaogna iman, rom stumars dasaSvebadmiaCnda erTi da imave (samecniero) saqmiT yvelasdakaveba. samecniero moRvaweobisTvis adamians xom undagaaCndes miswrafeba da garkveuli Tvisebebi, iseTebi,rogorc, magaliTad, ar gaaCnia momaval xelovans, anadministrators (Tumca dafiqreba yvelas marTebs).sabWoTa kavSirSi im dros (ruseTSi ki axlac)mimdinareobda daZabuli muSaoba saomari teqnikis,gansakuTrebiT atom-birTvuli da saraketo iaraRissrulyofisaTvis, rac ambiciuri imperialisturimiznebiT iyo (da aris) nakarnaxevi. samwuxaroa, rom amSavbnel saqmianobaSi qarTveli specialistebis didiwvlilicaa Setanili (sakmarisia davasaxeloT orgzissocialisturi Sromis gmiris, akademikos aleqsandrenadiraZis `damsaxureba~). es, ramac `gamoJona~ da ramacara? am did samuSaos samecniero kadrebis didi

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raodenoba esaWiroeba. amitom iyo ase spontanuriruseTis akademiis swavluli mdivnis pasuxi.

amrigad, es, rac aq iTqva, niSnavs, rom im dros iyomecnierebaSi muSaobis msurvelTa raodenobis mkveTrizrda. axla gavixseneb 1998-2010 wlebs, rodesac megaxldiT `mecnierebisa da teqnologiebis xelSemwyobievropuli asociaciis~ (SemoklebiT èvromecnierebis~)saqarTvelos erovnuli seqciis saganmanaTlebloprogramis koordinatori da rodesac zemoT naxsenebiviTareba sapirispirod Seicvala (axalgazrdoba armiiltvis samecniero muSaobisken).

(cnobisaTvis, saqarTveloSi èvromecnierebis~erovnuli seqcia daarsda revaz doRonaZis naTlulis,sabWoTa okupaciis muzeumis erT-erTi Semqmnelis,istorikosis, levan uruSaZis (1964-2013) ZalisxmeviT1998 wels da romlis aqtiuri wevri iyo akademikosivaxtang boWoriSvili _ 1941-42 wlebSi qarTvelpatriotTa aralegaluri organizaciis `samanis~ aqtiu-ri wevri, romelic sikvdiliT dasjas bewvze gadaurCa).

2001 wlis noemberSi èvromecnierebis~ iniciativi-Ta da èvrokomisiis~ dafinansebiT evropis qveynebSiCatarda mecnierebis kvireuli, romlis erT-erTi miza-ni iyo samecniero moRvaweobis propaganda axalgazr-dobaSi. ese igi, drom moitana da axalgazrdebma piriibrunes mecnierebisagan, rogorc evropaSi, iseve sxvaqveynebSi.

èvromecnierebis~ saqarTvelos erovnulma seqciamam saerToevropuli RonisZiebis farglebSi Caataramecnierebis kvireuli, romlis erTi dRe daeTmoprofesor revaz doRonaZis (1931-1985) dabadebidansamocdameaTe wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil samecnierosesias.

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sesias gamoexmaura araerTi cnobili qarTveli daucxoeli mecnieri. gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavi iyoakademikos vaxtang boWoriSvilis gamosvla, romelickargad icnobda revaz doRonaZis mravalmxrivmoRvaweobas, man gansakuTrebiT aRniSna aseTi moR-vaweebis didi aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba.

saqarTvelosTvis samecniero kadrebis xarisxianimomzadebis sakiTxs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs,radgan misi ekonomikis warmatebuli ganviTarebisTvisdidi roli ekisreba axali da uaxlesi teqnologiebisgamoyenebas mZime da msubuq mrewvelobaSi.

amitom aucilebelia, rom qveyanaSi rac SeiZlebameti iyos iseTi aRmzrdeli, rogoric iyo revazdoRonaZe, rac warmatebis mniSvnelovani garantiaa.radgan sityvam moitana baton vaxtang boWoriSvilisgaxseneba, amitom davamateb baton vaxtangis sityvebs,romlebic man waumZRvara gardacvalebamde cota adregamocemul misi leqsebis krebuls [15], romelic gvaCuqalevan uruSaZes da me:

`Zvirfaso batono levan!didi mowiwebiT mogarTmevT Cemi sulis am mcired

anarekls Tqven _ adamians, romelsac cxovrebis miznadsimarTlisaTvis, samSoblos bednierebisaTvis Tavdade-buli brZola agirCeviaT.

RmerTma gagamarjvebinoT.vaxtang boWoriSvili

09.05.02~

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Cems wigns ki waawera:`baton zurab uruSaZes uRrmesi pativiscemiT da

mZafri surviliT simarTlis eklian gzaze gamarjvebisaCveni samSoblos sadRegrZelod.

vaxtang boWoriSvili.09.05.02~

P.S. cota xnis mere b-ni vaxtangi gardaicvala.

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mogonebebi revaz doRonaZeze

`vin ifiqrebda profesor doRonaZis Cvengan mou-lodnel wasvlas misi sicocxlis esodeni gabrwyinebisxanaSi? eWvgareSea, rom man Seqmna kvanturi eleqtro-qimiis udidesi monumenti. Cven davkargeT msofliosqimikosTa gzis manaTobeli varskvlavi~. aseTigulistkivili gamoTqves Tavis samZimris depeSaSicnobilma iaponelma eleqtroqimikosebma, profesorebmamacudam da notoiam [2].

`revaz romanis Zis Sromebi farTod iyo, aris daiqneba cnobili da dafasebuli mTels msoflioSi, misiudroo gardacvaleba aunazRaurebeli danaklisia mec-nierebisaTvis~ _ Tqva saxelovan mecnierTan gamoTxo-vebisas leninuri premiis laureatma, ruseTis mecnie-rebaTa akademiis akademikosma v. i. goldanskim [3].

`gicxadebT Rrma mwuxarebas didi mecnieris,saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevris revazdoRonaZis udroo gardacvalebis gamo~. ase gamoeTxovaTavis saxelovan kolegas ruseTis mecnierebaTa akade-miis atom-birTvul gamokvlevaTa institutis direqto-ri, saxelmwifo premiis laureati, SemdgomSi saqarT-velos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti, akademikosialbert TavxeliZe.

gamoCenili sabWoTa mecnieri, sabWoTa kavSirismecnierebaTa akademiis qimiis ganyofilebis akademikos-mdivani, leninuri da saxelmwifo premiebis laureati,akademikosi i.m. kolotirkini saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa akademiis prezidentis evgeni xaraZis saxelzegamogzavnil werilSi werda: `Rrmad pativcemuloevgeni kiriles Zev! gTxovT miiRoT da qarTvel samec-niero sazogadoebriobas, revaz romanis Zis axloblebs

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gadasceT Cemi guliTadi TanagrZnoba revaz romanis ZedoRonaZis _ Tanamedrove Teoretikos-eleqtroqi-mikosTa Soris erT-erTi udidesi specialistis _ ud-roo gardacvalebis gamo. revaz romanis Zis Semoqme-debiTi memkvidreoba, romelic misi mowafeebis Sro-mebSi viTardeba, msoflio mecnierebis monapovradiqca~.

ukrainis mecnierebaTa akademiis Teoriulifizikis institutis direqtori, socialisturi Sromisgmiri, leninuri premiis laureati, akademikosi a. s.davidovi da ganyofilebis gamge akademikosi i. r.iuxnovski werdnen evgeni xaraZes: ùkrainis mecnie-rebaTa akademiis Teoriuli fizikis institutis ko-leqtivi didad aris damwuxrebuli gamoCenili ele-qtroqimikosisa da mecnierebis organizatoris revazromanis Ze doRonaZis udroo gardacvalebis gamo~.

ssr kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis cimbiris gan-yofilebis katalizis institutis direqtoris, akade-mikos k. zamaraevis samZimris depeSaSi vkiTxulobT: `di-dad varT damwuxrebulni msoflio saxelis mqonemecnieri-eleqtroqimikosis, brwyinvale adamianis, _revaz romanis Ze doRonaZis gardacvalebis gamo. revazromanis Zis naTeli xsovna samudamod darCeba CvensgulebSi~.

gamoCenili italieli eleqtroqimikosis, milanisuniversitetis profesoris patricio galonis samZimriswerilSi weria: ìtalieli kolegebi iziareben pro-fesor doRonaZis ojaxis, qarTveli kolegebismwuxarebas udidesi mecnieris da megobris dakargvisgamo. Cven gulebsa da gonebaSi SevinaxavT mis adamia-nobas, mis wvlils msoflios gamaerTianebel codnaSi~.

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milanis universitetis profesori serJio trasatiwerda: `profesor doRonaZis Cvengan moulodneliwasvla udidesi danaklisia mecnierebisa da sazoga-doebriobisaTvis~.

saxelganTqmuli Cexi mecnieri, CexeTis mecniere-baTa akademiis akademikosi, praRis universitetisprofesori vlCeki didi gulistkiviliT gamoeTxovaqarTvel swavluls: `didis mwuxarebiT Sevityve cnobaprofesor doRonaZis _ didi mecnierisa da SesaniSnaviadamianis udroo gardacvalebis Sesaxeb~.

fizikisa da qimiis dargSi saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa akademiis mSveneba uwoda r. doRonaZes akademiisprezidentma evgeni xaraZem 1985 wlis saerTo krebaze,igonebda ra akademiis gardacvlil wevrebs.

revaz doRonaZis xsovnas mieZRvna saerTaSorisosamecniero Jurnalebis: Èlectroanalytical Chemistry andInterfacial Electrochemistry~-isa da `Progress in SurfaceScience~-is specialuri nomrebi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom revaz doRonaZis gardacva-lebidan erTi wlis Semdeg, 1986 wlis 29-31 maissTbilisSi, saqarTvelos teqnikur universitetSi CatardasaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevris, profesorrevaz doRonaZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili pirvelisakavSiro simpoziumi, romlis monawileebmac pativimiages sasiqadulo mecnieris saxelsa da naRvaws. masSimonawileobis misaRebad Camovidnen sabWoTa kavSiriswamyvani specialistebi rva qalaqidan. forumi mieZRvnaèrTgvarovan da araerTgvarovan (maT Soris biolo-giur) sistemebSi muxtis gadatanis sakiTxebs~. gadawyda,rom amieridan yovel sam weliwadSi erTxel TbilisiumaspinZlebs mecnieris xsovnisadmi miZRvnil analo-giur sakavSiro konferenciebs. samwuxarod, es gada-

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wyvetileba ver ganxorcielda. marTlac, Semdeg iyo1989 wels ruseTis saokupacio armiis mier TbilisSi 9aprils saprotesto aqciis barbarosuli daSla momwam-lavi airis da alesili niCbebis gamoyenebiT, rasac 21adamianis sicocxle emsxverpla. Semdeg wlebSi kikonferenciebis Catarebis fizikuri pirobebi aRararsebobda. qveyana saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobismisaRwevad ibrZoda . . .

magram 1986 weli imiTac aRiniSna, rom agvistoSilitvis dedaqalaq vilniusSi Catarda eleqtroqimi-kosTa saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis sesia, romelzeceleqtroqimiuri fizikis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas specia-luri sxdoma mieZRvna revaz doRonaZis xsovnas.

miuxedavad arsebuli siZneleebisa, 1989 wlis 2-6oqtombers baTumSi mainc Catarda revaz doRonaZisxsovnisadmi miZRvnili meore sakavSiro simpoziumi -`muxtis gadatanis procesebis kinetika homogenur daheterogenur sistemebSi~ _ romelzec saubari grZel-deba wignis bolos, avtoris boloTqmaSi.

1991 wels Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis universi-tetis gamomcemlobaSi daistamba revaz doRonaZis daba-debidan 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili statiebis damogonebebis krebuli [2] rusul enaze, raTa is misawv-domi yofiliyo ucxoel mecnierTaTvisac. am krebu-lidan gagacnobT mxolod 3 mogonebas. erTi maTganiekuTvnis gamoCenil qarTvel fizikoss, profesor anriruxaZes, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis moskovisfizikis institutis Teoriuli ganyofilebis xelmZRva-nels, xolo meore da mesame _ revaz doRonaZis yofildoqtorantebs, axla ki profesorebs: volfgangSmiklers (bonis universiteti, germania) da piter smits(oklendis universiteti, aSS).

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profesori anri ruxaZeruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis moskoviszogadi fizikis institutisTeoriuli ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli

revaz doRonaZis xsovnisaTvis

... Cemi samecniero interesebi ar ikveTeboda revazdoRonaZis interesebTan _ me ZiriTadad klasikurifizikiT vifarglebodi, rezo _ kvanturiT. magram Cvenkargad vicnobdiT erTmaneTis naSromebs da me absolu-turad darwmunebuli var, rom is iyo Cveni drois erT-erTi ubrwyinvalesi fizikosi-Teoretikosi.

bolo wlebSi Cveni samecniero interesebi daax-lovda da Cven kidev ufro davmegobrdiT. is sul ufroxSirad mTxovda misi mowafeebis naSromebis Seswavlas,romlebmac moamzades Tavisi sadoqtoro disertaciebi.yovelive aman damarwmuna, rom rezo Zalian Rrmad dafarTod ganaTlebuli fizikos-Teoretikosia.

TbilisSi gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT (amaze qvemoTgveqneba saubari _ z. u.). axali ZaliT gaizarda aramarto misi, rogorc fizikosis, aramed rogorcgamoCenili maswavleblis niWi. udidesi energiiT daiwyoman saqarTvelosTvis samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebismomzadebis Tavisi sistemis Seqmna da rogorc pirvelinabiji am gzaze, man saqarTvelos teqnikur universi-tetTan gaxsna fizika-teqnikuri skola saSualo skolisniWieri moswavleebisTvis. samwuxarod, misi ocnebadarCa ocnebad, daundobelma da uazro sikvdilmaSeuSala xeli mis ganxorcielebas.

magram me darwmunebuli var, rom rezos varskv-lavi imdenad brwyinvale iyo, rom Rrma kvali datova

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ara marto moskovis, aramed qarTveli fizikosebismexsierebaSic. aseTi fizikosebi iSviaTad ibadebian dasaqarTvelom amgvari mecnierebiT unda iamayos.

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volfgang Smikleribonis universitetis (germania) profesori

`didi xnis nanatri Sexvedra~(mogonebebi did mecnierze)

me videqi saleqcio darbazis foieSi iugoslavelikolegebis jgufTan erTad da erTmaneTs vuziarebdiTSTabeWdilebebs oxridSi (iugoslavia) Catarebulibolo zafxulis skolis Sesaxeb, magram CemTvis Zneliiyo yuradRebis mokrefa. es iyo ciurixSi 1976 welssaerTaSoriso eleqtroqimiuri sazogadoebis (ses) kon-ferenciis dawyebamde sazeimo miRebaze. unda Catarebu-liyo simpoziumi eleqtronis gadatanis reaqciebzeliTonebSi, romlebic dafarulia oqsiduri afskiT dame cota vRelavdi. velodi xelsayrel moments dabolos momeca laparakSi CarTvis SesaZlebloba: `sxvaTaSoris, me miTxres, rom profesori doRonaZe Camova amSexvedraze. SemTxveviT, vinmem xom ar dalanda is?~ ara,is maT ar unaxavT da Cven gavagrZeleT saubari. magramme verafriT ver davmSviddi. Cemi fiqrebi suldoRonaZis garSemo trialebda.

im periodSi me ramdenime weli vmuSaobdi ele-qtronis gadatanis TeoriaSi da daviwye es r. markusisklasikuri naSromebis wakiTxviT. magram male meamaRelva kvanturma Teoriam, romelsac amuSavebdnen r.doRonaZe da misi jgufi. maTi naSromebis didi nawiligamoqveynebuli iyo JurnalSi èleqtroqimia~ da `ssrkmecnierebaTa akademiis moxsenebebSi~. maSin, rodesacCven instituts bonSi xelmowera hqonda am Jurnalebze,Cven ar viRebdiT maT inglisur Targmanebs. amitomxSirad vaTvalierebdi rusul originalebs da vcdi-

77

lobdi Cavwvdomodi formulebs mainc, romlebicdawerilia laTinuri SriftiT da vwyevlidi im berebs,romlebmac ase Secvales berZnuli alfabeti slavurienebisTvis rom evarga. o, SesaniSnavo Sua saukuneebo,rodesac yvela mecnieri werda laTinurad! me SevZeliramdenime inglisuri Targmanis Sovna, magram yvelaferigamartivdeboda piradad doRonaZes rom gavsaubre-bodi! ra Tqma unda, mas hqonda pasuxi Cemi SekiTxvebisumetesobaze da iqneb _ usiamovno fiqria _ man icodapasuxi swored im problemaze, romliTac me viyavidakavebuli?

amrigad, me miviRe gadawyvetileba vimuSavo doRo-naZesTan, rodesac gavxvdebi mecnierebaTa doqtori.magram rogor movawyo es? ra Tqma unda, yvelazeukeTesia jer Sevxvde mas. SesaZlebelia, mas ar moswonsCemi naSromebi da uars metyvis miRebaze. SeiZleba masimdeni kargi TanamSromeli hyavs moskovSi, rom armoisurvebs iyolios germaneli TanamSromeli, romelicar flobs rusul enas? ras warmoadgens igi, rogorcadamiani? ioli iqneba masTan laparaki, Tu misi azrebiCemTvis miuwvdomel simaRlezea ganfenili? me gulidamwyvita iman, rom is ar Camovida ses-is mier Catare-bul Sexvedraze braitonSi 1974 wels, magram 1976 wlisdasawyisSi me miviRe Setyobineba ses-idan: `Cven vawyobTsimpoziums eleqtronis gadatanaze liTonebSi, romle-bic dafarulia oqsiduri afskiT. am sakiTxSi Tqveniwvlilis gaTvaliswinebiT, gTxovT CamobrZandeT ...mTavar momxsenebelTa Sorisaa doqtori doRonaZe,moskovi ...~. amrigad, bolos da bolos, me SevZleb masSevxvde ciurixSi, magram, macadeT, werilis pirvelinawili sufTa Cmaxia: me erTi striqonic ki ar damiweriaoqsidebze. saerTod am sakiTxze sul ramdenime

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Teoriuli naSromi iyo. maT Soris gamoirCeoda doRo-naZis da kuznecovis mniSvnelovani statia _ magrambevri rame kidev gasakeTebeli rCeboda. amitom memadlobiT miviRe ses-is mowveva, gavagzavne bundovaniTezisebi da davjeqi samuSaod. da me axla var ciurixSi,Cemi gamosvla daniSnulia samSabaTs da sesiisTavmjdomare iqneba ...

me rom am fiqrebSi viyavi, viRacam rbiladdamartya mxarze da me gavigone: _ bodiSs gixdiT, megamomgzavna profesorma doRonaZem, mas unda TqvenTanSexvedra, xom SegiZliaT wamomyveT? me gavwiTldi,swrafad movibodiSe da ramdenime wuTis Semdeg viyavipirispir doRonaZesTan da metic. Cven erTad ganvi-xilavdiT Cems momaval vizits moskovSi. es man TviTonSemomTavaza da maTvalierebda Tbili, mxiaruli Tvale-biT: `Tqven marTla gsurT moskovSi Camosvla CemTansamuSaod?~ _ `diax, ra Tqma unda!~ Cven ganvsajeTdetalebic: rodesac Caval, romel problemaze vimuSa-vebT, `xom ar gindaT saqarTveloc naxoT?~ da manmiambo misi samSoblos silamazeze, misi wiaRiseulissimdidreze, uZveles kulturaze. me ki sulac ar mWir-deboda didi dayolieba. ra Tqma unda, maSinvedavTanxmdi.

rodesac movilaparakeT amaze, saubari gadavidasamecniero problemebze. igi ar meTanxmeboda Cemimoxsenebis or debulebaze, xom ar SemiZlia me avxsna ...da male gaimarTa cxare kamaTi, romelmac gamoamJRavnamisi maxvili inteleqti, misi miswrafeba bolomdeganixilos yoveli debuleba. Tumca me Tavs vicavdi,rogorc SemeZlo da viyavi gulgakeTebuli imiT, romman ase seriozulad aRiqva Cemi naSromi, Sveba gigrZeni,rodesac erTma frangma kolegam Segvawyvetina kamaTi

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da dagvpatiJa barSi. ase rom, Cveni pirveli SexvedradamTavrda sadRegrZeloTi: `gaumarjos mecnierTa uxi-lav skolas!~

am saRamos SedegiT Zalian kmayofili davrCi,magram imave dros cotaTi SeSfoTebulic viyavi. aSkaraiyo, rom rezo _ ase veZaxdi me mas mogvianebiT _ Zalianswrafad poulobs umcires xarvezsac msjelobaSi. Cemimoxsenebis bolo xuTi wuTi exeboda samuSaos, romelicdavasrule swored konferenciis win. viyavi Tu aradarwmunebuli, rom is ar Seicavs Secdomebs? iqneb mandamisvas usiamovno SekiTxva? an moisurvebs Tavisi max-vili gonebis gavarjiSebas Cemze? amitom guli micemdaCveulebrivze ufro swrafad, rodesac gamoacxades Cemigamosvla. man me warmadgina Zalian rbilad: `didisiamovnebiT warmogidgenT axalgazrda da imedis momcemkolegas ... axali, saintereso ideebiT ...~ amrigad, memovyevi is, rasac vapirebdi, Semdeg ki iyo diskusiis-Tvis gankuTvnili xuTi wuTi. dasawyisSi iyo ramdenimemartivi SekiTxva, Semdeg dadga dro, rom SekiTxvebidaesva sesiis Tavmjdomares _ udidesi SvebiTamovisunTqe, rodesac man ise megobrulad CamoayalibaTavisi SekiTxva, rom me mxolod is damrCenoda, rommepasuxa: ~diax, swored ase~.

amrigad, nuTu me is davarwmune? meore dRes CvenwavediT eqskursiaze lucernSi. rezo da me mivdiodiTtbis napiris gayolebiT da maSin damisva ZneliSekiTxvebi. es iyo xangrZlivi, kargi diskusia, romelicdamexmara ukeTesad gavrkveuliyavi sakuTar mosazre-bebSi, gamamdidra axali ideebiT da rodesac mereganvaaxle muSaoba, vigrZeni, rom Cemi energia ganaxlda.Cven vsaubrobdiT sxva sakiTxebzec: mecnierebasa dacxovrebaze, aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTze, Cvens

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kolegebze. man momca profesiuli rCeva: Cemi moxse-nebis Semdeg diskusiis dros damisves erTi moulod-neli SekiTxva (SemdgomSi me mas xSirad vawydebodi): `mevikvlev aseT process~ - Tqva viRacam (amas mosdevdaraRacis xangrZlivi aRwera, rasac araferi hqondasaerTo Cem samuSaosTan). `SesaZlebelia Tu ara TqveniTeoriis misadageba am SemTxvevasTan?~ me patiosnadvupasuxe: àra, savsebiT ara~. ès iyo araprofesiulipasuxi~ - misayvedura rezom, - `Tqven unda geTqvaT:principSi ki, mxolod saWiroa gaiTvaliswinoT Semdegifaqti ... gardaqmnaT es nawili ... da am SeniSvnebiTmisceT dadebiTi pasuxi~.

amrigad, ori wlis Semdeg, me SevuerTdi mis jgufsmoskovSi. mTeli zamTari da gazafxuli masTan erTadvikvlevdi axal SemTxvevebs. zafxulSi man me da CemimeuRle dagvpatiJa saqarTveloSi, sadac Segvxdnentradiciuli qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT, rac ukveandazur Tqmad iqca. rodesac zafxulis Tbil saRamosgadavyurebdiT rions da magida izniqeboda uxvipurmarilisa da Rvinisgan. ioli iyo imis dajereba, romswored es aris oqros sawmisis qveyana, romelzecwerdnen Zveli berZnebi. rezo ki, rodesac uZRvebodaseminars Tavis jgufSi, an magidis TavSi warmoTqvamdadiasaxlisis sadRerZelos, an amzadebda eqskursiasmTis daSorebul sofelSi _ waagavda mefe_filoso-fosis berZnuli cnebis Tanamedrove samecniero ekvi-valents, romelic marTavs codnis da sibrZnissafuZvelze.

mas mopovebuli aqvs adgili eleqtroqimiismomaval saxelmZRvaneloebSi da maT gulebSi, vincicnobda mas.

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piter smitioklendis universitetis (aSS) profesori

mogonebebi rezoze*

profesor doRonaZis mier mecnierebaSi Setanilsiaxles me gavecani, rodesac viyavi ufrosi kursisstudenti da wavikiTxe misi naSromebi eleqtronisgadatanis Teoriaze. es iyo swored is doRonaZe,romelzec Zalian bevrs laparakobdnen. am Sromebma da,agreTve, markusis Sromebma didi cvlilebebi gamoiwviarogorc eleqtroqimiaSi, ise araorganul qimiaSi. meTavs sul pawawinad vgrZnobdi am adamianebis CrdilSimuSaobisas. 1965 weli idga.

dro gadioda. me imedi mqonda, rom romelimekonferenciaze Sevxvdebodi vinmes `rusuli jgufidan~,gansakuTrebiT doRonaZes. bolos, 1973 wels aseTiSesaZlebloba gamoCnda saerTaSoriso eleqtroqimiurisazogadoebis (ses) sxdomaze moskovSi. iq me idealuriSesaZlebloba meqneboda gamecno doRonaZe, `titani~.

me gaxarebuli viyavi, rom erTi wliT adregavicani da davumegobrdi iens ulstrups, romelic`miRebuli iyo~ doRonaZis `karze~. iensis saSualebiTme ukve mqonda garkveuli warmodgena doRonaZeze daCemi survili, gamecno igi, kidev ufro gaizarda.

me movaxerxe gamofrena skandinaviur jgufTanerTad, rogorc jgufis 33-e `gauTvaliswinebelma~

*prof. p. smitma ar daasaTaura mogonebebi r. doRonaZeze da essaqme miando krebulis Semdgenlebs. `me TviTon ubraloddavwerdi - `mogonebebi rezoze~, magram es albaT SeuZlebelia~,- wers is. vfiqrobT, rom TviT rezo ar iqneboda amiswinaaRmdegi, amitom iyos ise, rogorc wers prof. p. smiti.

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wevrma (jgufi Sedgeboda 32 wevrisgan). moskovSiwasvlamde vfiqrobdi imaze, Tu rogori saCuqariSemerCia. bolos, vicodi ra rusebis siyvarulze magarisasmelebis mimarT, gadawyvite profesor doRonaZesCavutano kargi amerikuli viskis boTli.

rodesac CasvlasTan dakavSirebulma areulobam dasabaJo kontrolma gaiara, aRmoCnda, rom ienss da medagvxvdnen `rusuli jgufis~ wevrebi TviT doRonaZismeTaurobiT. me ar velodi aseT Tbil Sexvedras.profesorma doRonaZem mTxova mimemarTa misTvisubralod rezos saxeliT. yinuli gadna. bednieradvgrZnobdi Tavs, rom Cemi moskovSi Casvla aseTimartivi aRmoCnda.

`ses~-is sxdoma CemTvis meorexarisxovani iyo,radgan Cemi Camosvlis realuri mizani iyo gamecnorezo da misi jgufis wevrebi. Cveni Sexvedrebi mimdi-nareobda moskovis eleqtroqimiis institutis Teori-ul ganyofilebaSi da dasawyisSi wminda samecnieroxasiaTs atarebda. magram pirveli ori dRis Semdegrezom damarwmuna, rom arsebobs sxva mizanic _ iensi dame unda vyofiliyaviT im moxsenebebis da leqciebisteqstis redaqtorebi, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiridanwarmodgenilia inglisur enaze. ver vityvi, rom amsaqmeSi Zalian gamovdeqi. male mivxvdi, rom rezos dasxvaTa inglisuri ar saWiroebs Cems sacodavstilistur gaumjobesebas.

rezos brwyinvale inteleqti, misi brZnuliSeniSvnebi CemSi iwvevda misi ufro axlos gacnobissurvils. rezos faqizi iumoris karg magaliTad SeiZ-leba davasaxelo is dRe, rodesac moskovis univer-sitetSi unda gamovsuliyavi moxsenebiT. bunebrivia, mevlaparakobdi inglisurad (yovel SemTxvevaSi, me

83

vTvlidi, rom es inglisuria) im siCqariT, romelicuZnelebda Sinaarsis garkvevas rezos da mis kolegebs.ramdenime wuTiT adre gamosvlamde rezom CurCuliTmTxova wavikiTxo moxseneba im siCqariT, romelic adrevaCvene. me is davarwmune, rom vilaparakeb nela dagarkveviT, ise, rom yvelasTvis gasagebi iyos. amsityvebis Semdeg rezom eSmakuri RimiliT momcasaCuqari. man Tqva, rom apirebda Cem dasaCuqrebaskargad Catarebuli moxsenebis Semdeg, magram, -`vinaidan Sen iZlevi pirobas, rom gasagebad ilaparakeb,amitom winaswar gadmogcem saCuqars~. me kargad ar max-sovs, rogor iyo aRqmuli Cemi moxsenebis samecnieroSinaarsi, magram kargad maxsovs, Tu rogor vcdilobdiCemi pirobis Sesrulebas.

kviris danarCenma nawilma ganvlo cocxaldiskusiebSi rezosTan da mis kolegebTan. kviris bolosme isev mqonda survili, rac SeiZleba male Sevxvde Cemsaxlad SeZenil megobrebs. revaz doRonaZe, udidesiavtoriteti da odesRac samecniero statiebis Soreuliavtori, gaxda Cemi megobari da kolega.

rezosTan kvlav Sexvedris saSualeba momeca 1977wels moskovSi simpoziumze, romelic mieZRvnaprofesor frumkinis xsovnas. es iyo Sexvedra ZvelmegobrebTan, Tumca sevdis elferiT. Cven vixilavdiTCvens naSromebs darbazSi, sadac odesRac muSaobdaakademikosi frumkini da es iyo misi xsovnis namdviladjerovani dafaseba.

moskovSi Cemi es Camosvla droSi iyo SezRuduli.me mindoda, agreTve, aSS-Si Casvlamde, momenaxulebinamegobrebi inglisSi da vapirebdi wasvlas xuTSabaTs.magram rezos sxva gegmebi hqonda. is paraskevsamzadebda `qarTul saRamos~ da dabejiTebiT mTxova

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darCena. cduneba didi iyo _ saRamos gatareba megob-rebTan, qarTuli Rvino, mxiaruli saubari. dRemdemaxsovs.

Cemi bolo Sexvedra rezosTan moxda SeerTebulStatebSi. rezo da misi ori TanamSromeli _ aleqsikorniSevi da aleqsandre kuznecovi iyvnen snoumasSipirvel konferenciaze eleqtroqimiis aratradiciulmeTodebze. gzad snoumasamde samive mewvia oklendisuniversitetSi. sten ponsTan erTad Cven yvelaferiviRoneT, rom Cveni megobrebisTvis gagvecno miCiganida misi Semogareni.

Cvens universitets sakuTrebaSi aqvs miwis didinakveTi. inglisur stilSi aSenebuli dasasvenebelisaxli _ medou bruk holi _ gamoiyeneboda rogorcsakonferencio centri da sastumro. yvela stumarimovawyveT medou brukSi. meore dRes rezom miTxra,rom isini dilis 6 saaTze ukve fexze iyvnen dadaseirnobdnen parkSi. man Tqva, rom isini TavsgrZnobdnen, rogorc `Tavis sakuTar agarakze~. saRamosCven wavediT detroitis sakmaod respeqtabelurrestoranSi.

konferencia snoumasSi saintereso iyo da aramarto samecniero TvalsazrisiT, organizatorebmamoiwvies amerikuli dasavluri orkestri `qanTri~, raTagaerToT stumrebi sadilobisas. SemoiRes cekvaSiSejibric. me TiTqmis vimarjvebdi SejibrSi konferen-ciis erT-erT monawile qalbatonTan erTad. rezommomiloca gamarjveba da aRniSna, me rom fizikaSigamomevlina amdenive energia, viqnebodi, sul cota,meore ainStaini mainc. me mesiamovna misi sityvebi:`yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis TvalSi me gamaCnia potenciali,Tumca ararealizebuli~, - vifiqre me.

85

ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia mravali magaliTismotana, romlebic asaxavs rezos pirovnebis SesaniSnavTvisebebs. rezo iyo guluxvi sulisa da gulwrfelimegobrulobis adamiani. me araferi miTqvams missamecniero miRwevebze. vfiqrob, rom es arc moiTxovsCems komentarebs. misi samecniero muSaoba iyopirvelxarisxovani da aqvs didi da xangrZlivimniSvneloba. me ki vamjobine gavixseno is, rogorcadamiani, Tumca me jer gavecani mis samecnieromoRvaweobas da mxolod mere _ TviT mas.

misi gardacvalebis cnoba didi dartyma iyo. rezoaxalgazrda iyo da im xanmokle Sexvedrebisas, rodesacerTad viyaviT, tovebda cocxali da energiuliadamianis STabeWdilebas. vfiqrob, rom sikvdili verwagvarTmevs am SesaniSnavi adamianis saxes. is icocx-lebs Cvens xsovnaSi. Cven gvemaxsovreba misi sibrZne darbili, ganmaiaraRebuli iumori. CemTvis didi pativia,rom me vicnobdi aseT adamians.

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msoflio avtoritets qimiur fizikaSi profesorhiroki nakamuras (iaponiis molekuluri mecnierebisinstituti _ The Institute of Molecular Science) mivmarTeSekiTxviT, Tu ramdenad aqtualuria r. doRonaZis Sro-mebi amJamad.

pasuxad h. nakamura werilSi matyobinebs, rombolo dros warmatebiT gamoiyena r. doRonaZis mierdamuSavebuli meTodi (miTiTebulia Sroma), rac aadvi-lebs eqsperimentis interpretacias (e. i. r. doRonaZisSromebi dResac aqtualuria).

qvemoT moyvanilia nakamuras eleqtronuli we-rilis asli.

On Monday, October 6,2014 6:46 AM,Hiroki Nakamura<[email protected]> wrote:

Dear Professor Urushadze:I have written a short essay as attached.Hope this would be fine for you.

Best wishes,Hiroki Nakamura.

Hiroki NakamuraProfessorInstitute of Molecular Science.National Chiao Tung University

It is really pity that Professor R. Dogonadze passed away. Wehave usefully utilized the method proposed by Dogonadze and

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Urushadze [1] in our formulation of electron transfer rate constant[2, 3] based on our Zhu-Nakamura theory of nonadiabatic transition[4]. Their method is to introduce an effective one-dimensionalmodel for a collection of harmonic oscillators. This can very muchsimplify the theory and yet gives results in good agreement with thefull-dimensional calculation. I am sure that this would provide avery useful and convenient method to interpret experiments.

I would like to express my sincere condolences to his death.Hiroki NakamuraOctober, 2014

[1] R.R. Dogonadze and D. Z. Urushadze, J. ElectroanalyticalChemistry 32, 235 (1971).

[2] Y. Zhao, W. Liang, and H. Nakamura, J. Phys, Chem.A110, 8204 (2006).

[3] H. Nakamura, J. Phys, Chem. (Feature article) A110,10929 (2006).

[4] H. Nakamura, “Nonadiabatic Transition: Concepts, BasicTheories and Applications”

(World Scientific, Singapore, 2nd Edition, 2012).

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boloTqma

rezo doRonaZem SesaniSnavad icoda, rom saqar-Tvelos xvalindeli dRe, saqarTvelos momavaliukavSirdeba axalgazrdobas, axalgazrdobas saTanadodaRzrdilsa da momzadebuls. icoda, rom saSualoskolas uzarmazari misia akisria, romelsac zogjerTavs ver arTmevs. rezom icoda, rom adamianma skolaSiunda moaswros gansakuTrebiT qarTuli enisa daliteraturis, aseve saqarTvelos istoriis Seswavla,saqarTvelosTvis Tavganwiruli gmirebis cxovrebisSeswavla, Seswavla im momentebisa, romelic exebaruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Savbnel faqtebsda qarTvelebis brZolas okupaciis winaaRmdeg.

mterma icis saidan unda daiwyos okupirebuli,damonebuli erebis gadaSeneba-STanTqma. dabaliklasebidan, pataraobidan dawyebuli adamians undawaarTva mSobliuri ena, unda aukrZalo mSobliur enazelaparaki, sastikad unda dasajo mSobliur enazelarapakisaTvis, unda waarTva istoria, unda daaviwyo`visi gorisa aris ...~ diax! is rac dRes galSi xdebarusuli okupaciis tradiciuli fandia _ saSualoskolis dawyebiTi klasebidanve qarTuli enis akrZalva,gakveTilebis Catareba mxolod rusul enaze. galSiqarTuli skolebi aRar aris!

rezos Rrmad swamda, rom saSualo skolaSi mi-Rebul aRniSnul codnas didi mniSvneloba aqvs axal-gazrdis CamoyalibebisaTvis. igi darwmunebuli iyo,rom Tavisi qveynis safuZvliani codna uzarmazar saqmesgaakeTebs _ aswavlis adamians rogor uyvardes Tavisiqveyana, aucileblad daexmareba mas ar Caidinos qveynis

89

sawinaaRmdego saqme, yovelTvis gaaxsenebs, rom qarTve-lebi varT da gadajiSeba ar gvekadreba, ar gviweria.

rezo udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda iseT sakiTxs,rogoricaa momavali specialobis arCeva, rac maRal kla-sebSi xdeba. udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda, agreTve,dauRalav Sromas, dauRalav garjas. uyvarda goeTescnobili frazis gameoreba _ `geniosi _ es Sromaa~. masamokiTxuli qonda soso griSaSvilis gamonaTqvamebic _ùSromeli niWi uqmad dadebuli oqros zodia~ da kidev _`niWs Tu Sroma ar axlavs, adamianisgan araferi gamova~.

rezom uzarmazari dro da energia moaxmara axal-gazrdebis aRzrdis saqmes. rogorc ukve iTqva, man moas-wro saqarTveloSi samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebismomzadebis gegmis Sedgena, romelic 1983 wels moaxsenarespublikis maswavlebelTa yrilobas (ix. gazeT `Tbili-si~, 2 marti, 1984 w.). am gegmis sawyisi etapis _ teqnikuruniversitetTan fizika-teqnikuri skolis gaxsna, rom-lisTvisac Seadgina fizikisa da maTematikis programebi.

leqciebma saerTaSoriso sazafxulo skolebSiaxalgazrda mecnierTaTvis rezos moutana didi aRia-reba da avtoriteti qarTvel da ucxoel axalgazrdamecnierebSi. sistematurad atarebda samecniero semi-narebs, rac warmoadgenda revaz doRonaZis samecnieroskolis umTavres samWedlos.

kidev gavimeoreb, rom revaz doRonaZem SeqmnamaRali donis fizika-teqnikuri ganaTlebis mqonekadrebis momzadebis erTiani, mTliani jaWvi: momzadebaunda daiwyos saskolo merxidan. amisaTvis fizika-maTematikuri skolebis msgavsad unda Seiqmnas fizika-teqnikuri skolebi, Semdeg ki swavla unda gagrZeldesumaRlesi saswavleblis sainJinro-fizikuri profilisfakultetze. am dros unda gaZlierdes Teoriuli

90

fizikis swavleba, saTanado yuradReba unda mieqcesmsoflios umniSvnelovanes teqnikur miRwevebs, mWidrokavSiri unda damyardes sxvadasxva akademiur da sauw-yebo kvleviT dawesebulebebTan, samrewvelo sawarmoeb-Tan, raTa swavlis procesSive moxdes studentTaorientireba ama Tu im samecniero-teqnikur, Tusawarmoo dawesebulebaze.

rezo did mniSvnelobas aniWebda sxvadasxva samec-niero da samrewvelo dawesebulebebSi eqskursiebs,wamyvan mecnierebTan da inJinrebTan Sexvedrebs,sxvadasxva problemis gadaWris magaliTebis CvenebasuSualod adgilze, sadac axalgazrdebi dainaxavenkavSirs sainJinro-teqnikur da samecniero problemebsSoris anu Teoriis kavSirs praqtikasTan. rezos uyvar-da openheimeris sityvebis gameoreba _ `XX saukune _esaa saukune didi aRmoCenebisa fizikaSi, romlebmacpraqtikaSi damkvidrebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnadSecvales adamianis cxovrebis pirobebi~.

rezo axalgazrdebTan urTierTobisas did yurad-Rebas uTmobda gamoCenil mecnierTa cnobil wignebs.igi Zalian wuxda da samarcxvinod miaCnda, rom albertainStainis `fizikis evolucia~ da robert openheimeris`mfrinavi trapecia. sami krizisi fizikaSi~ dRemde araris qarTulad naTargmni. umaRles Sefasebas aZlevdaakademikos i. zeldoviCisa da i. iaglomis wigns _ùmaRlesi maTematika damwyebi fizikosebisa da teqni-kosebisaTvis~ da didi amerikeli fizikosis riCardfeinmanis `leqciebs fizikaSi~ 6 wignad. es wignebi araris qarTulad Targmnili maSin, roca ganaTlebulimsoflios bevr qveyanaSi gadaTargmnili da ramden-jerme gamocemulia. me davamatebdi, rom saSuriaTbilisSi rusulad gamocemuli revaz doRonaZisadmi

91

miZRvnili wignis - `Флагман квантовой электрохимии~-is(`kvanturi eleqtroqimiis flagmanis~) gadmoqar-Tulebac [2].

rezo doRonaZe saucxoo magaliTia imisa, Turogor unda emsaxurebodes mecnieri da pedagogiaxalgazrdobis aRzrdis saqmes. marTalia, rezo exebafizikas, magram midgoma nebismieri sagnisadmi, nebis-mieri dargisadmi rezos midgomis msgavsi unda iyos!rezos moRvaweoba bevrs, Zalian bevrs gamoadgebasaxelmZRvanelod da magaliTad. swored amitom davuT-meT rezos pedagogiur moRvaweobas am wignSi aseTididi adgili.

1989 wlis 2-6 oqtombers baTumSi Catarebul revazdoRonaZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnil meore sakavSirosimpoziumze _ `muxtis gadatanis procesebis kinetikahomogenur da heterogenur sistemebSi~, mis mimarTiTqva serbi profesoris milan voinoviCis sityvebi.boloTqma minda davamTavro am sityvebiT: àRsaniSnaviarezos qarTuli, swored qarTuli Tvisebebi, romliTacigi gamoirCeoda rusul da ucxour garemocvaSi daromelsac realurad amkvidrebda Tavis wreSi. didebamecniers, Tu man Seqmna samecniero skola. aseTisaxelebi oqrosia. magram batonma revazma Seqmna gaci-lebiT ufro meti _ man Seqmna mecnierTa saerTaSorisoZmoba, gaaerTiana adamianebi planetis sxvadasxvakuTxidan, erTmaneTTan daaaxlova isini. igi atarebdamegobrobisa da kacTmoyvareobis uzarmazar muxts daam Tvisebebs gadascemda maT. saqmiT da ara sityvebiTuzrunvelyofda planetaze mSvidobis mTavar garantias_ sazRvrebis sxvadasxva mxares mcxovreb adamianTapativiscemas da siyvaruls~ [2].

92

literatura

1. levan z. uruSaZe. `ruseTis antiqarTuli politikisqronika (1801-1953), J. àmirani~, 26, 2015.

2. «Флагман Квантовой Электрохимии», Изд-во ТбилискогоУнив., 1991.`kvanturi eleqtroqimiis flagmani~, werilebis damogonebebis krebuli profesor revaz doRonaZeze(rusulad), r. doRonaZis Sromebis bibliografiiT.Semdgeneli prof. z. uruSaZe. Tsu gamomcemloba,Tbilisi, 1991.

3. galaqtion tabiZe, leqsi `saTxovari bedisadmi~,mravaltomeuli

4. А. Эйнштейн, Л. Инфельд, «Эволюция Физики», Москва, 1966.a.ainStaini, l. infeldi, `fizikis evolucia~ (rusulad).moskovi, 1966 (qarTulad ar aris).

5. levan z. uruSaZe. `silovan xundaZe. udidesi pedagogida mamuliSvili~, gamomc. àrtanuji~, Tbilisi, 2014.Sesavlis avtoria istorikosi, parlamentari giorgikandelaki

6. levan uruSaZe, àfxazis baRi~, gazeTi `samefogvirgvini~, #3, 2003 (general kote afxazis vaJis _nikoloz afxazis Sesaxeb).

7. r. doRonaZe, z. uruSaZe. `zogierTi bioqimiurireaqciis kvanturi Teoria~. IV saerTaSorisobiofizikuri kongresis moxsenebaTa Tezisebi(rusulad). gamomc. `nauka~, moskovi, 1972.

Р. Р. Догонадзе, З. Д. Урушадзе. «Квантовая теория некоторыхбиохимических реакций». Тезисы докладов IVМеждународного Биофизического Конгресса. Издат. «Наука»,Москва, 1972.

8. m. volkenSteini, r. doRonaZe, a. madumarovi, z. uru-SaZe, i. xarkaci. `fermentuli katalizis TeoriisTvis~.

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J. `molekuliarnaia biologia~ (rusulad), 1972, 6, 3,431-439.М. Волькенштейн, Р. Догонадзе, А. Мадумаров, З. Урушадзе, И.Харкац. «К теории ферментативного катализа». Ж. Молеку-лярная Биология, Москва, 1972, 6, 3; 431-439.

9. levan z. uruSaZe. `Zveli mecnierebis axali furclebi~,J. `mecniereba da teqnologiebi~ (samecniero Jurnali),2014, #1 (715), 131-137.

10.Р. Р. Догонадзе, З. Д. Урушадзе. «Введение в Квантово-Механическую Теорию Кинетики Элементарного АктаБиохимических реакций».r. r. doRonaZe, z. d. uruSaZe, Sesavali bioqimiurireaqciebis elementaruli aqtis kinetikis kvantur-meqanikur TeoriaSi~ (rusulad, 100 gv.). gamoqveyndarusulad ori eleqtronuli gamomcemlobis mier: 1)Scribed Electronic Publisher 2009 wels misamarTze:http://www.scribd.com/doc/10105529/Vvedenie-v-... da 2) 2011wels _ “Internet Archive”. Vvedenie-v-Kvantovo-Mecha

11. simon sxirtlaZe, `sworupovari mWermetyveli~, gazeT`kviris palitris~ kedlis kalendris 2015 wlis 1ivnisis gverdi.

12.Ричард Фейнман. «Лекции по физике», в 6 книгах, Москва,1965.riCard feinmani. `leqciebi fizikaSi~, 6 wignad(rusulad), moskovi, 1965 (qarTulad ar arisnaTargmni).

13.Академик И. Зельдович, И. Яглом. «Высшая математика дляначинающих физиков и техников», Москва, 1965 (samwuxarod,qarTulad es wigni ar aris naTargmni).akademikosi i. zeldoviCi, i. iaglomi, ùmaRlesimaTematika damwyebi fizikosebisa da teqnikosebisTvis~,moskovi, 1965.

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14.Роберт Оппенгеймер. «Летающая Трапеция. Три кризиса вфизике», Москва, 1967.robert openheimeri. `mfrinavi trapecia. sami krizisifizikaSi~ (rusulad), moskovi, 1967 (qarTulad ar arisnaTargmni).

15. akademikosi vaxtang boWoriSvili. `Sen, Cemo tkbilosaqarTvelov~ (leqsebi), gamomc. `didostati~, Tbilisi,2002.

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sarCevi

1. winasityvaoba 32. rezosTan Cemi megobroba daiwyo skolis

merxidan 53. moskovi _ skola, instituti, muSaoba 134. mokled revaz doRonaZis Semoqmedebaze 295. dabruneba moskovidan TbilisSi 376. saqarTvelos samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebis

momzadebis gegma 427. revaz doRonaZis arCeva saqarTvelos

teqnikuri universitetis zogadi da Teoriulifizikis gamged. fizika-teqnikuri skolis gaxsnateqnikur universitetTan 51

8. pirveli leqcia teqnikuri universitetisfizika_teqnikur skolaSi 53

9. saerTaSoriso konferencia `Telavi 84~ 5710. aunazRaurebeli danaklisi 6211. revaz doRonaZis dabadebidan 70 wlisTavis

aRniSvna 2001 wlis noemberSi saerToevropulikvireulis farglebSi 64

12. mogonebebi revaz doRonaZeze 7013. prof. anri ruxaZe. revaz doRonaZis

xsovnisaTvis 7414. volfgang Smikleri (germania). `didi xnis

nanatri Sexvedra~ 7615. piter smiti (aSS) _ mogonebebi rezoze 8116. prof. hiroki nakamura (iaponia) _

revaz doRonaZis Sromebis aqtualurobis SesaxebamJamad 86

17. boloTqma 8818. gamoyenebuli literatura 92

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis stamba

Tbilisi _ 2016 rusTavelis gamz. 52

Georgian National Academy Press

Tbilisi – 2016 52, Rustaveli Ave.

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