La Vana Speculatione Disingannata Dal Senso: Lettera Risponsiva Circa i Corpi Marini, che...

La Vana Speculatione Disingannata Dal Senso: Lettera Risponsiva Circa i Corpi Marini, chePetrificati Si Trovano in Varij Luoghi TerrestriSource: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 19 (1695 - 1697), pp. 181-201Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/102295 .

Accessed: 25/06/2014 08:10

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

The Royal Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to PhilosophicalTransactions (1683-1775).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 195.78.109.162 on Wed, 25 Jun 2014 08:10:20 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=rsl

http://www.jstor.org/stable/102295?origin=JSTOR-pdf

http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp


:i o \:%:t {:f:wi: ,:/S,;::: b\ s

-¢ 7

4 W

\ w _

* ffi |



-

n

=4

J" >>

, - v

bW-- -

T\\ / -

t_*

:

-

g . -



- - - o S: 6 =

- * - F 7 S

S;L [=vo \4 *;^:

-

-

- - w *

\

\ S@9fl



:( t8I ) td V4X4-rpt{#latioXe sdifngEtG2td datHo H bta- tera RifiponJva cirea i Corpi MOriti, - she Pe- trif adti Ji troBano in Mtarij LWo8ti errreflr

Di Agofino Scilla Fittore Anademiso delld Fxcgna, ia-NFpali, 1 67o. 4to. tYitb port Notes, by a Fetlow of tbt tRoyal Society.

TT will not, I fiuppofe, be wondred at, that a Bock s which has been fO long printed, *ould noDw be t taken noitoe of in thete Tranfadions, {;nce it ap pears ^ be rO little tsetwn, earen by thofie who have written upon the fel-f*fi:me Ar&imenta-that fome late Writers-who feem to have omitted nothing that Nature and Bookscould help them to, to carry m their Work, 1tem never ro have ficen it. Otherwifc in all probability they would have named thts<:Authoryamong thoSe who -have taken palns to prove, that the Shells, or Ston".in likeneSs -of Shglls which are fxnd up and down upon the Surface, aad in Hills arld Q2arrits ofthe Earth, were once real coversngs oftnclofed Finles, or have been formed in thoSe Shels which ufere infltead of Molds to the -liquid matter tllat- got in after the Fithes were con fumed. - This Siggior -Scina has not only taken pains to prove, but has brought more Argume{lts in proof of it, than had been brought by thofe that appeared upon that Subje befove him.- His way of Writing-lews little Art, and lefsLearn- inggwhich he owns himfelf a Stranger to, being by Pre": feffilon a Pa-inter of Me>Xa, \t?O deI;ghted much in de figning and paintingail Rarities of Nature whicht sere F f bro;}g,lr



- ( t )

bronght to him, or vv}wich he could colle&. The great taxiety of Sits; f eith¢r i-the m8bbesiBg:"sEs or bsought tohg £r XvUtz led hvix tnto a dil;pute w"S fe -Ht-tch of hz a!quaintanccX manct their tfltlnal : Some aerting that they were --forme.l at firI} by a plafiical pou er in tbe E;arth; he on t1= contrary

behg ot Opinion, {h-at thegS ere reaS thrown by

an Inlli--tiotl, -¢atfi one tme w -her, upon the Earth :- The proving of svhich *AfFertion is the fiuDjeS matter of this Trzrife,

Aticr a great deal cf prefacing *peat n Verbofie Ci- vilitiev, afteF ttle manner of Modern A-tatiaa riterst he- begins to enqu re into the generation of Minerals an& Metal3. -whichhe bblseves t0 bE gSnerated by a peneta mg I:uyce or Vapur a£:ifwg out of the.Bawis of lisrth, wliqhaltassani t=ns alS -mans£ d Earths o ig iS. So £hat if in- A7im w-ctks ( £or exa?mpleJ af

they ar-e exhufied; Sad, Qt Grle or Dart be iown into the Pits from whence the Alu;m. was dug} by the penetrative and alJter"ve qmlxty of the Alumi- nous Vapour, lhey wilt by degrees baA £h]X-'StQ fuch a fubllance as Ilad befort beerdug out of the lilE-iime place. He fay-s he bas found Clods of Earth -and &;-ratel which hate been fio pu$ ia, whtch as they havtbeen more or 1e£ diSant from the foumain of AlluR from whence theSe llapours die! exhale svere more-or leSs im- pregna;ted w-ith Alum: Nsy he^ pretends tha-t by brEakZ q fiewral of th*fie Clods whilI} they were thus dige(l. g. he has - diScsered the {tep lDy; which Mature works in the whole procefs of this Maturation.

The Foffi11 Salt in the Mountains of SsagalXto in si

!y iss in his opi£lIDn made after ttat fame manrier; for afrer- the Peafants have wrought a Pit, if tbey E11 st up zgain witb the- looSe Earth which they find hard by in a ffiort ti it will be fo condenid and purifi:dX that 4>r brightneSs Z will not be- diRinguilhable from ta-t.

wZh3;d



( 183 >)

wliich was dug out not ing--before,; AX which ma" ner alRo 11e ruppofes that the harder Minerals are pro duced.

Thts Hypotilefis is advanced in order to what he ilas to fay concernibg tile original of thoM Shells and form ed Stones whicll are found upon the E:rth; thereby-- to invalidate the Argument of thofie who pretend that they are formed by a vegetative Virtue in that particular Soil wlaicll d-Ctermines thetn to that culiar and regular ffiape: To which he now proceeds.

He begins with Fupp6ng that Malt4, firom whence the greateR quantity of tlkNe fiuppfied PetriSdions come, was made an If}and, as we now See ir, fome time after the Creation; and that it was once a heaf of liquid Mlld replenilh'd with Shells, Teeth, tc.- :- wh-ch ( s he afterwards explains himSetf ) SerthiE promCcuoully according to its Gravity, hath made; that--}flund-a heap of Earth, Stones, Shells, Teeth, andtzhe- like, as niow xve lfe lt.

He fuppofes that this Colledion of Macter was occa fioncd by a Flood, let the Cau(es of thae Flood hate been svvhat tlley will; eieher an irruption of the Ocean into the Mediterraaean, or an inundatiog of the %0ras Sea driven thar way by vellemeiit Winds, or antr other CauSe a(Tigned by Authers; wllich ( namely that the prefent fiate of tlle T<e of MaZta; wras cauSed by a -FIood ) being granted, 11e thinks he may be alloaed to affirm, thar wllich every Mans Rea-fon muIt acknowiedge to be highly probable, namely rbat an infinite rariety W things which were born up by the v-Iolence of the WaZ ters uZere carried ailorg by tl<eml fome to one place, and fome to another.

BLlt to this his AdverSfry ob3e£ted, thg fiormi St¢Ms have been frequenr-ly found, buch as t-he hctMxtes of Im,oerozti, and others lilie fomo (orr-of ferie or PerimiakMes, which being all of a hard Rony {ui-ances

F f z ctr1ld.



( tB4 )

cou}d never ka...e been¢Sills TheSe, S4ys he, tw-made of Ma-d zondenid in Sh¢IIs, wflich were the Molds in hich thP6t Stones w ere formed : and therefore wg need aot be at t lofw to mncetze how there -StOhn f}would ever mutaa; an Antbl w-.itbin tim fince they took the pJace of tilt Ansmal that was waRed away, whilR they were only l-iquid PaRe,wlicll bardrling afterwards would retain their Form, >?hen the-Cruit that co57ered thenh and that gave them their -{hape, was mouldred aoway.

And wthereas it wa$ fiX>bber- objded,ttbat grearquanw tities cf Shells xrerfonad tn a, which are fbreign to thoSe Seas-: That (ivhe) isof-noforce, *tnce it is

well knos7stsnthat estery Sogtb-EaJZerly and EaJ?erly Wind throwZs wthole Boat loads of beautiful Shells upon the Cvlabrriax Coa{ts none of which kind of Sbell Filh ara cver taka by Fiffierm¢-n uson thofie Seas;

Now ke tomd toNparticulars+ FIe bwns witla ti lidS Bxfonitar, 53vhich he proves to be the true Grix}dersof the Sargm Dentex aald -#srata, and other- R-lhes of that Tribe,-wht¢h have bl}nd Dent;es Molares, t gri£d tha ShelIs-tilat they fiM -at the bQttcum of the S¢$> rhat they ff}ay sime atSthtEleXh upoawhtch they*- iiva N70vw^to make-this beysondsxte0, he produces tbe-natural Jaw bones -of thelE Filhes, vvit-h their-Teeth within them ;- aM compares thofie Teeth with the Bf ait¢, of whichFthere-arNas many fiorts¢ assthere are fipecies of Fiffies, which llave round,hard-J-az2--Tecth, (a).

The great Num-beti- of Gl*etrw {ent taYhin} f:iom Malta, fome intiYes fome corroU.ed at the Root which never had; a- Cru& over it,ome bruifed,fome whole,doas plainly lhew their-Original as the Bia did. before: For upon comparing he finds that they asesot fo much wtrby. 12 tn, as t-ht very A e ww;ith tht Teetb af Shxks andôtir Etffies of th¢ Dog-lii. Nay het wpe.als to the Sen£scs of stll*MSind. wllethers great Numbers of o xo Sffifan thae he is ready to produce,. .taken out

o .f;



c 18s )

of Mountains md Rocks, were not originally coverings of Animals of their reSpeAive kinds, fince the very bruifes which they received by the weight of the Am bient Matter, as it grew harder, and confequently preA more heavily upon them, are Itillplainly vifibte. Some of the EcDixi being robbed of their PricklesX and tOOr- xd in their Joints, which being naturally membranous, eafily part, being corroded by the humid E and perhaps acid g fubRance in -which they lay (b).

And whereas it may be obje&eds tbat theSe SheXZs may grow by little axd Xittle, and confiequently fome tuay bt-tenderer than others,as not being exaftly formed; he 6ys he call {hew Lumps of Stone exceffilvely hard full of Conchar, Eztrbens, Scallops and the like, wherey within fome of them, all the parts of the Animal it felf may bedifltindrly obStrved ; wllichy is not fo very rare neither, but that he 11as feveral times obServed it; ThisX fays he, puts the Original of the(e Shells out of doubt ; fince they hapned to be cloSed before the iquid Mud could get irl and corrode the included Animal, and af; terwards harden into theexaA formvwhich itS Matrice; mu{t of necefI1ty give it: Whereas the others being. firflc fl-led with Mud, wllich hardned into a Rony con- fiflcence afeer the Animal was qlaite wa(led,gave occafion to fome PerSons who ha(l not fieen great .vari.eties. of Shells and formed Stones of that Cort,to doubt of their Original.

He reafons alSo from the feveral Lamellar, of which tbeSe Land fhells are compofed, which are coati over one another in fuch a m2uner, that they may be parted into very thin and fubtile PJates, Such as Sca-Dlells of that kind -are m-ade up> of.

But xt was objeAed, that in thofe. Beds where rlleSe Shells art foundX garlerally fyeaking, moR of one fort ve found together, from whence it has been £oncluded that t4ey re 6rfMc formed in thQfie Beds where they are fhund \#hereas 11e pretends that this proceeds onXy

frcxn X



( r86 ) from the Motion tnto which the Waters tvere put during thb Deluge; tt beong Wrell known that iS Egg-ffiells, Stra>vs, Pebbies, Shells and iverEal other diSlmilar fub- Rances be put into a great quantity of Water, and this Watr be aaterwards £noved vxolently and irregutarly, thofediSlmilarI30dysKwill aftera great many Shocks and impediments, upon the feitling (f tl je Water, fuS flde according to their Figure pretty nearly together, and confequently will be tSlrow-n- snto great Heaps, Gome hereX fi¢me tticreX according to that determination which thp rczliing of the WatersgaNre them.

The Places where thefe feveral SubItat?cesare thus Separate-Xa found, are as he thinks tnvincible Argalments in proof of his Optnion. The Soil of Malta is MarlX which is a natural Balfam fo-r the Glofipetroe, that otherwiNe would have been foon wafted in loofe Sand. Btfides, Matra ltes low if compared with the Mountaitls of Sicily, fo ehat 'tis no wonder that Sharks Teeth, which are heavy Bodys, {hould firll fubfide, and confe. quently be found there-in great quantities, wbereas with ail his diligence, Signior scina could never tind but fisre upon the Sxcili48 Mountains, and tife extreamly- thin, and -wlthout any O(leous Matter within them, but filed with- a lsght and fubrile Matter , tho' he does not que lliorl but in eime he may be able to &nd, st the foot Qf theSe-Hills, fome G]afopetrar which may equal thofie of galta.

And this, accordinw to him is- the ReaSon why in Malta it rele, the Echini and Echinit are chiefly found uponthe firand and aboveground in view, all round the lnand; for they are both lighter than the (RIvO4opeZ trs, and by reafon of their Figllre would more eafily float and be buoyed up uporl thE Water, whereas- tbe GlalEapetr being both (peciScally heavier, and of a clofer contexture of parts, funk deeper into the Earth.

But



( t87 ) 1gut if t-here were m other Argpmenta the fituatoa

of the GZoetr in their Beds from whenn thny are dug, puts their Original out of controverfxe: Midltng oneshere, fmallonen-there, greatones loatlllrd placm withoutany fort of order and regularity * SomA with their Roots-uppermoS s others direEtly downwardsw otits acroSs: vatt numbers broken, cseFy one with a diSerent {nclinaronf all plainly proving how ttley firft came thtther, fince had they grow-n there a-t fird, their Roots would have been all downivards, unleSs we (hould frame to our felvesa diSwrent Notion to the Produdrion of GWofpetrs, from arly thzng clSe in Nature that is geF nented and increa&ed fiom fome one fixt Xeminal- Prio ciple And, befidesfi were there fuch a fea3inal Prin ciplei 'ts not likely that it {hould be common tO gp84 tt-rar and SbeGs tOO; -and yet SheD of 11 rVrts} and a aAl pitions are w-ery oken found sn the; Clay among0^ iSe GloJ§opetz

ft is o&eded howZeverv that the (;loMpHr ay be eafily taken out of their Beds by t-heir-Side>, or at t! Poirlt> vlaereas at ti B+- tbey adhere ve-ry- cig bom *vhich therc oRercomes fbrth a plain RoorX wvbich w o£tentimes longer- tllxn tie Glopftra- it if. Tlzis, t§)rsf Sig,r Salla is a- plain proof of my AXe-rtioni - br tht Roots fi aot rnade by Nature to J>k ot - E or er co 3 any n-utritiz iuyee in£o the Glbra froin the Mud} but from the Jaw of t--he Sharkzwhere t orignally vew. 1t was no vwtoder thereire 1t=-*

their Isdes and poinf} uZllKh sam natural-ly very hard

aM hmootbj did not fo Srmiy to tho Mud, ct

Stone wherein twas ledg¢d; but it wtould have beco awoSer if tlig R*otr which M a1 9a-tks Tee-th ss vo ry fpongiou$ md very wro" had not b¢en filli wi hiid Mudi that zJoulW efi have fix¢d it in its Bej; wflh« it on be t hawd7pr hd rdirgly he

gpt*& t.o.il.t4IM tStt COtat Sharks Ber1z and $-SJ



( 8+8- ) theSe Gipetrz together, if ihey& notF exaftly 8ke, feme hard, fome {oft, fome incruRated -towTards the point, fome quite thro,;with -every- one a fipongious Root-? Where they ate inSerted into their proper Mofcle

HisKAdverEaryhad asked, WhytbeBlack andAlh*co lotred Consb al fgrbens^, are oe faigad 7¢ the ChaAk and Clay, atd not tbe White ones wbich are dgg ogt from vmvng the Rocks-.8 To uJhicll he anfwersX That -thoSe whIch are found in the Challi and Glay,: are ;-not true lkrbens or concbz,- but¢Stones formed like them: W-hereas thofe that are found in-Kocks are real Shells which are enclofed and fo preServed in the Rocks. One Srbinites which his Adv-erfiry had Sent to htm} vtas a clear -E;vidence of -this Matter. For it ;was smolded with in a Spiral Shei]>whth-turtied into it ;Se-lE, Ss all the tur binatedJ Kind conitanely dos the inner; Twirls of which Shell -were preirved entire amidS the lWdecus matter, when t-henulWard-ones had been quite worn of;^ from wshence he po&tively concltides -ttllat all thefe formed Stones,t?hich ftem tO referrible TeXtaceous Animalsof thestwrbinated artd bival-5rous kinds, were- a&^!ly caflt in the-real Shelts of thofe Arimals, a-nd were neve -1n anot-her form bef1des thatvin which we -now8See them

8ut-^-'tis objeded. - Glpxtrez are-taturat ChryJ?alliza ttows +Sart ;- t0 which he makes this reply: That then the whole hubRance w-ould be- all of a piece Salt- would be Salt as well within as wtthout; a Granate and--a-To. p- is -- a - Granate and a- Topwz thrfillghat : Diamonds and R-ubiesare Diamonds sod R-ubiestall :over: they are agg¢ga-tes of flmilar Particles which compofe the wbole Mars7 be it greater, or be it Zefs; ;whereas thefe G^*e tr r¢) l;ke all other -Vegctables, are- made up oft va rtousanddiffilmilarArpuleles*, put together sn-fuch-a mnner*- as is- pecutiarly;fubServiiellttotlle end*-for wliicti they wee made. A<cordiingly- thq Cortew i5- of one

Sub-



( le9 )

Slib&ance, and ehe Medgllaof andther, and that lodged in proper CelEs, with a Root diRinEt from them both ; ( d ). Befides, ts he, Nature fometimes produces monfirous and defeEtive things. An Animal fometimes wants a LimbX a Tree is without me principal Bran- clles, a Fruit may want Wome of its chiefeS parts, Yet Rill we may obirve that Nature fupplies and covers that def"t svith a. SkinXor Bark,or RindX fo that it never appears torn oS or rent to the naked Eye,- as it would.t if it were torn off by a Hand, or cut of with a Knife Tbis is Natures conRant courSe; which eviw dently flhews that the lfius Natnrab ( as thefe are er roneouSly called ) were never produced in the Earth; flnce all the bruiKes and fradsllres, which they have met with,are apparent witbout atly diSgui?o hide them, as Nature always employs to hide the E e s of her own irregular ProduEtions.

He argues likewifie from the- Be-ds in which they are found, wherein, Gravel,-Clat7, Teeth, BonesX Shells of all fiores lay confuSed in one MaSs. As alSo from the imprefFons which they leave behind them irl ttio MarJ, ezren to the minutelt Lines and Craks in vthe Tooth, whichappeariexadly in both, liIve an-lmpreXIion pon Waxs and the erlgraving on -the Seal which made it. The ApoflJvfs alSo, or ProcegeXs in the GSo.fopetrat de monitrate their Original, were there nothing elSe 7 fxnce they exaftly anfwer to thote in 3harks Teeth, whEreby cl7ery Tooth is infierted inva his Neighbour in the li:7it Anima]; with thofe partsForous, and-thofeon-giotis that are fo in the Tooth of the Fifh. Nay whereas Sllarlks Teeth are mortifled into one another , Wich 8 a mannerX that a man may ea{;ly tell which iOd8S tO wJhich flde, which lte near the Throar, which near -the Snout, which lie tO t-he Right - ahd which to the IxIi, An; whereas in a Sha-rks Jaw, the Tteth on the L-eft Szde will not fit on the Right, ntr-thofie above terve

G g below,



( t9o) below; fo thit upon feeing a Tootb one may til nrYhich Side, and whae Jaw it belongs to: He has obfiS- ved every one of thele things in his Glofopetrae, which F>undrually anfiver in evev part to the {evera1 r<anks of the Teeth of listing Sharks. His Cuts at the erld of his Book,whichare very beautiful,malse thefie Arsgaments of

. . . l s, very convlzlng h has drawn a psece of Marl, wherein a Glofffipetra,

g Japiwyulai¢ (e), atieceof a 3catlop-piell that svould part into Lanell Iike the Sca-{hells of that kind, and a rottea peice of Boac lie all confifedly by onc- ano-< ther.

He prodixces the Crull -of an E¢hietuz- Spataguz lying in its Bed of Marl, wZhich within was fileel wtth Mart and incruRed with is without. This Shellmeering with an accide-ntal p;relEurfeF w7as crackt; thefe craclz. do clearly {bew that it was an original SheiJR and alb the KeaSon how it came to bc fo crackt, fince thertby it appearw. that the Shell yieMed as far as the inclosd I!larl would gsve itleave.. And whereas st hasbeen ohjeEed that Shini Spatagz are very rartly J>et, and Ret- tbat gret NgmSers of thz Species Qf E8inttSe ba%Zt {f# fafgad iv Malta: TIlis X Signior Stilkz is NO 0i Jebtion ar all, he bimfelf having in leSs. than an hours timt taken them up by hundreds in ti Port of: Af^J; .

tHe: produ-£es an X-s wherzn appeared si -ve Lines from one common Gentre, within which, upon breaking it hx found hze correXpondent- Cells, and the place ftlhe Mowh exatily agreeing to an Ec= o ken outS the Sta.

Sc produces liLQwifx part of a Aw*bone of a Dag lying in a Bed of Stones with thret Tecth in ir :

Tis partly rottens partly found; poroals witb Ghannels fior the Marrow in the rmd0, covered without with a htd o^cous Ctull, pgcaliar to thc carttlagintons klnd:

Upoa



( I9t )

Upon the fame Bed there are alSo little Shells, ted mab ny round Knobs proper to that fort of Dog-FiJh, ( f ) which fieem to be beginning Teeth, called by theMaltef} SerWeats Byes.

Frotn theSe ObServations our Autllor proceeds to phi- lofophize upon the Phznomena; and taking it for granted that thefe Land*hells are the rematns of a De- luge, he enquires into the contexture of that Soil whereZ in they are chiefly found. His Habitation being at Xegna, Esave him better opportunities to make tlis es quirtes there: In purfiuallce of wZhich he obferves that the Mauntains near that City con60 of Strata} whict] lie in this Order, aryZ Gravel, thex midizng Sand, tfyex

verybxeXand: Tllat the Lines deficribed by tbeSeStrataX are all Alorizontal, uZith a fmall declivity towards the Sea ; u hich declivity going thro' all the Strata, proceeds in hiS opinion from the original inclination of the Floor or Bafis on which thefe 5trata were at lSrS laid * That aftcr t6ree Lveers of Sand and Gravel of ditErent finew nelles, came three other Layers in the fame Order with the former; firR Gravel, then coar(ers then finer Sand again, and fio on fexreral times one aSter anotber.

Tiais he fuppofes to have procteded from repeated Tides: From uZhence he concludes, that the Watar coming utith great vic>1erces fu0ained wharEvever came In itS way; but upon - itS goang og the force abating st let fall the terrellrial matter that fubfided accordtng to its Ipecifick Gravity, and that -theSe repeated flow- £ngS and ebbings of tbe Water hapnpd during fome one szery great Inundation, the Tis>noz llareof, or its CauS,, he does not determin.

lle obServes that theGe ShFl's ar& aot found certainl; n fuch or fiuch particular places, but cafiually fotne tlere- (bme there, juR as the rolling of the Waters hapntd to carry them, and accordingly tlley fubfided, zthere ever the Frength of the Waters MotIon, by which they werfi blloyedup, abateds G g z He



3

h ts diat all-the Halls about -M4 are tre made up of-fiuch looSe San-d, Some conSilling-of a hard Rock, otl;lers of a whtte Rhu) or a dirty Marl; iniall which one may obServe cither the former Order of the Strata, or liorizontal Lones of diSerent E}odie-s and difEerent Coloursf

He obSe-rs7 es that - ti IjandShells diSer in hardneX and confifiency according to the Matter in whicll they lie: An Ec1vi-X- pe:tritied in a [opX, is not fo hard as anotI;er Bvhnv petriXed in a Rock; + fO that- according to thed-iEpofstion of the ambient B4atter, they acquired a greater or a leSs degree of hardneSs ; and irl fionne theJ7 c«ontinued juR as- they wem at- firR s all which he urges to fiew- thatothet Land*{hells could not be Petrifadi ons made in Watet accodlng to tlie common Notion of the Word.

Havirag thus laid domtn his Ht7pothefis, he fubjoins feveral o£ his own (:)bfiervations, which (as he fuppoF iS ) pUt th-s @Rion beyond Difpute

I FIe obEerves, that there are-- no Sbvrks E-eeth found aary where at Land but in Malta+; the Glofipetre- ir: other places arefmal!> or tight the Cortices of large cBnes. - This he reSolves into fpeciEck Gravity and the diffErent make of Sharks Teeth, of which Came-are quite hard, others only cortically fo; theSo laR are Xt°

d with-a mucilaginous Juyce fuch were thofc three that he- found upon the Hi]1s n-ear Mgn> whch were iled with fine foft Marl, Wead of that Mucilage wherewith they had been naturally repleniShed.

I t. He broke great Numbers-ofRpetrifed ScDin-a£zd othu Bodies naturally hollow, which were filled only 6vith fu£h Marl.âs that the7 lay--iny or elft fragments of Shells, Sand Pebbles, Splnes o£ yflrincs>Mari=> sad fuch like fluS And he atErmt he nor no Body cIfie did e.ver fee- within thefe -Shells any thing but what

@t get-irl at the Mouths<ofs the SXti > wllich «e%tS)

that



( t93 ) thatoafier the Membranes wtllich cloid the Mouths of theEchini wereXwornX thro the Chalk and other little Bodies mingled with ity got in and tSIIed the Cavity, now void by the wearing away of t-lie Body of the Shell*Fill it ilf:

TII He examined the petrified Vertebres Qf the

Splnes of Fiffies} -svhiEh he found exaAly to gorrefipond in their feveral Articulations both xnto each other, and tnto the Rtlbs which iMe fFom them} with real Verte- bres of FiShes found at Sea.

I V He examins fome tefaceos Bozlys, that he fbund in Calabria, vw71ztch exadiy anIver to the Deataler of Aldrod> andaccording tolaim} are found only in hilow Stones at the botrom of the SeaX unleli*they are at any time thrown upon the Shore by great wavesw

V He produces the Clasv of a Sea Crab fou£xd is t-he Hills near , witll a pcce of a Scallop*SheXl ¢lurchad wSithin it

V l AlSo a Stone in which pteces of Coral, and a11 manner of Shells were dlforderly petrified as chance had Xaid them and in fome the Animal it Self petriSed witllinX So that one might diScern the Mmall nteriour Membranes proper to each Shell} ()thers in the Satne Bed, weref-llll of the Matter in svlltch they lay : otllers half i11 i a pelucid F;lagr like Cryfial; others again had a @(3Iment of turbld iMatter S all which Spars and SedsmenFs} 1ct txhe pofttion of rlle Slaell, whicll contatnZ ed tlaemX have been vw7hat it woazldJ gravitated at firIt csad}y towards the IoweR palt of the 51<C1C.> as it vras there fituated > xvhich plainly ews t5at they once uZere fluEdX and carrted rlXtller by their own Weigllth

_ _ ) r , * s

v 1 * Ee- pron uces ptCCtS Oa pttRltec t0r2t1 \vhiC z thS they hacl lvA their Red Golour on the outfide) ve Izad a reddzffi tUt+ure zvithn as al1 that Spectz o coral has; Som uthence Il< £oncludess ( I*) tn t

Em*e had beWn to deRroer th¢2*r (40 ) TI<Ji; t!5z>



( t94 ) Accsldents of the Place ru£her concurred to their DeItru drion than Generation.

V I I 1. As alfo pieces of 0UIQUS Coral, which thas they were broken in the foph wyet might be put to gether juR as they were naturally 3wyned together in the Sea

IX.Tqgetlterwithfiameofthe}ayttxJtSoralofMns perAti, whtch reSembles the ShaxkSbotesof Animals; this--alb jow7nted- rit, tho' the pieceS were found apart * * _

1n the Zap1 X. He compared fome of the Ecbini Spini langgn¢

of alirovandtG, with the Shells of thofe Echiti found at Mefin, and in Malta; and he found them to agree exadEly. He obServed the fame lituations and- dimenfi ons of the iX, and-the Sptnes which tlltn upon themX as upon a Pivor; and when broken, the fame Ligatures of earery part of the Greft, which-coversfl Animal.-

X 1. He prodaces one Echituw, bruited in the Ms in which it lay,- wherein: after- he had wafhed of the tophaceous particles thaF it was 611ed with, he-found feveral of the Spi*es t-hat had fbrmerly been upon the Cral0: AsalfiokSpatage, withthePrickles on, which he fousnd in a Valley in calabria.

EIe concludes at iaft with taliing- notice, that all the Echini, or otlier Land-êlls, ehat he had found bruiSed

pan the Calabri or M^*ere HillsX or had been brought to him from- Malta} were bruifed by a per. pendicutar preffiure: This he explains thus ; The-Cru of all FScbiai has two Genters. one direEtly oppofte to the other; fo that if they hapned to lie in the liquid Muds in fuch a manner, as that the loweft Center was perpendicular to theXIorison, they were bruiSed, foas not to IQ(S their circular Figure ; only they were much compreXed; If they lay on one fsde,they were fiqueezed out of that hape, and the B4embranes --of the Ligatures

parted



( t49s )

parted Som eth-other variouDy, according to the ta rICty Qf the fituation of thefe Shells in the Mud at tha£ time AII which plainly lhews, that as tile Mud drieds the fupertincumbent Weight preSed p&rpendicularly upon tlle inclofed Bodies, which were then compreITed to gether in that poRure they then hapned to lie tn: And were more or lefs compreSed} according as tlle Mud got into tlleir Cavities in greater or leStr qantitiesy and as it dried, propped them up on the inlide agatntt the pre; fiure of the Matter in which they lay

a t

Short Notespan the fZregoin>g Azeoxat ; 9 ¢ FeGow of tbe Royal Societso

a) ps 4. R Willgghby fays the Sarga llas none 1 n ot tllere rotl DethX which he calls

trbercxla Ogse4} and makes tl}at one of the Charadrerit Ricks to difiinguilll it fio-m the SWarss and Scarw, and otller Fites of that Trille. HouJever I retain the wordy iDecauSe SciZZa's u ord is Sarga; and perhaps Wlrghby's ^>arga may not be Scillvs Svrgos Qf, whiCll iS more probable he nziglat overlool ttlat particularity in that Flila sslaRch he ditlteed.

( b ) itiV By th teJiceatw sRbyaS+ whirh ht here rpeaks cXf) le mnS tile Cr#s of the D2i« of srllich 1le has given us e many curious Defigns in the

annexed Figlres He kems tn thInkthat theEVbizi Svriaxureet tllerdaeoskiad as aISo ICYCrAI VC[S great IN7^.at-araliRs have thought before llim. (ieJrX atCr AtiJ?otle itl his Momenclator AtiM;EZti>Mo SgR4tiS>St,

tonvs Cllena A>1til t01C Goash CxPlee} Sliops) T)^* p;t, ;r



( t96) pgrz} and the reR of ;tV teJ?acto;" rzbe; snd -yet he owns that Rsadeletim bechoned them among the CrgJ?a ceogs Rind; and accordi-hgly difcourKed - of them atter crabs and LobMias, juR before he treated of thofe An- mals, w7hich are confEIEdly tWaceauz ; wherein -he fol- lowed PliwyX who was of the farne Opihion beire him And they certainly shtere ir t-he right, thoy for B7arlt

of fiating the true ditfierence betwee-n a CrgN and a

Stell properly b calledX tlle-due place which the Ehiai ougilt to llold in a Matgral MiJ?ory of ShellXJ as the word may comprehend both Kinds, tas never yet that

I linow oX been aScertalned.

A Shell properly is fuch a lzard SlibRance, as covers an entire Animal} vr at leaR one wholF {;de, witlasut Joyrxts or Ligatures, as in Bgcciffa, Pi¢rpgrs, Mgrices, OylZerss ScallopsX cockles and the like. A CrgJ? is fach a hard SubIlance -as covers only one partscular Joynt of the incloSed Animal, So that in the whole Crufia- ceoxs Iribe there are as many SheZis upon every

Anima], (if I+may- be allozved- to uSe that word ss a larger fen(E ) as there are Joynts in that Ani-

mal. This Is plain in^ Crabs} LoblVers Cray-J8/hX and shts; for -which Reafon Cr2gMaceozks Amals may

truly be called MaltiwteJ?ceouz, and the other {imply teNaceouw, or bieteJ?aceo=. And therefore as in Sca FMes} every Scale has a correfipondent AficAe to which, by a particular tewdoa it iS annexed; rO G

Cr/?aceom =4xigals have partis;@lar Fcles, which are inlirted into every crfl; all Fich crgJis sre alfo con- neEed each to the other by comtison Membraness which here are in a more efpecial manner necelEry, be- cauSe they do not lie imbricatitn upon one arlother as Scales do.

As plain as this Seems to beX Ari/fatles definitions of <;rgJ?aceozw and [elZaceo;¢s AwimalsX ar} ( as he calXs them) MXANro and tXy:}£8Ag have been uni-

verfially



( 197 ) verfally acquieSced in; and- they bexng inGufEient Iaave canid this wliole matter, ( by tbe generality of Natura liRss even in this Age, ) to be m;Sunderllood. ( X *) Cr- f aceors Aximalsa ( MxArzoreyrr ) fays =4riJ?otles are fioft withinWand herd witbat, bt ushoJ<e coueriag i£ nat apt to be parted by atw./iots, tho' onc part of it me

eaily bc torn from the other: ( So l underf?tarld his ) eegc>fGv z f7tor8t )* ( ^* -) reNdceasws 44nimats (a0ryw sA ) are Sopt wittix atd hard withaxt} vJlvofe co verxng may Se brgified or brofien to pieces tho' its parts are not liable to be torx from each otber ) bvvcY '!^ G Snxx10t agl 8 AMsav. ) The Confequences wllich Arflorle pUtS into his Definition as Chara&etiIticl<S} nece{Earily ariSe from the Dodrine already deiivered For w-hen that SbeB is but one, as iil the uphole te/iaceags kxnd, it may be brxiJ>ed, or it msy be broken according as it is more or le& brittle, but torn afrder it can net ver be. Whereas in the whole crultaceogs kinbl, tlle coF rerings which are over every {everal part, as Claws,, Feet, Back, Belly, and Tail in LobIVers, are joyned each to other by Membrates, which, thos tougb, may be torn a0gnater, when tbe particular GruRs, -- here as well as in the teRaceogs kisd, cannor.

Accordirxg to this DiltinRicn 'axs plain, that EkPini are eruty CruRacesus AnimalsX f>r they move upon their Spines, which demon&rates that their CoxteriE is

-

( r.) MoAcss£vreg r; o w ,x' ¢*f8v x10s %W"vs Gvlos a X vuaAxxcv v pxzdAs Td dS apedw a>wt 5e Eeyusast aAx ¢>A&cg3va vosov X r>^ xa:Xv >(RX R X Z3t xxgu>Xv.

(;>.) Osegc^,t'6>^ w+-r {vn5 't X e>, xos a Ys s§ftov Aesv<8w ov b vl7>xisb e?A' 8 @A- s8t, mssunY St vo 4¢ xbtA{X^ ;, S ogtwt >vs S6h

h

moyed



-+ - * b v s X d- s v W * > F S

( I98 )

movrd by parts; and indeed every Spiile is rivetted into itsr-op&a Cr11&, which al by contequence muR haue vs peculiarJMuScle, that guides tie motlon Qf the Spin¢, wher<by the Animal- ritls tbottwhid way feevc-r ir pleaXs Xt. being pecutiar to ths TrIbe Of Anrais aloney for any thiNg y-et known to the contrary- tbac its progre*Ye motion is by tgrrting or tolD$ gpaPt its Qints, and n0t walking as all Anitnals, tat Elave F:eer, properly do. Wboch Motion of8-tileiss (ifwe (3*)- may beXieve Monfitur Menwge5J has given oc3fioin to an old French Proverb, a la venget des Cofu.ecigrstes, i. e. when Echint malk, by which they would intimate, that that par;ticular thing conceXning svhicb it is made uSc of; Shall nevar com: to pafs.

Befdes, tt 1S prain by ocular lnrpe&Ionw that all the CrgJ?s of t 'hefe "Anima'ls are atireX ty Me;raxe;s, as they are in Crah and lLogers. ski?l;'s elArawhts, fome whereof are here annexedt, put this Matter out of dou6?t; ftom which it ev-idently appearh tbat Abxni are properw (r.#aseogs Stimats in the friReR accepta° tlon of ¢he wordi.

(c) pag. I 88. ByZegetaSlesile meanssubffatcess whtsb encrege from praretJ9nt Seeds as alT E5ants and Anisnals properly do.

(X) t89. Thiswill befull-yunderRood, if one urts Stexoss Affatoy of a- &tvrks--fiteadj which is *nneXi to hi 16X1eM&£..4t#mXyolriZ Spe.citnX

(e ) pg. IpO. Thefe kides dvici, which Simior Skilla often calSs Ba/ioncigi di Sv7¢ Paola) or St. PauX's B4toovs are Splnes of feme Spegies of Echiai, of which he gives the EAlguresX w-Eii¢h are nott faund UpOh our- Sher¢s} and are (perhaps ) d- ti htagtan Tribe

t3*) EXtoa7satre Etynfologie. v. coecigrge.

(f)



( 99 ) ( f 3 pag. xpx. Signior Scilla calls thz Dog,NJhs -Pelce

Ncca ( the CowF. ) It being delE-ribed by no NaZ turalifi ( that I know off) before him, itS hereanto araneXf d fFom our Authors Draughts, fome of which fos tltirgrtat exadtnefs and curiotitys irwasthougbt -fit to Copy. tiGe Fegs

Sr Expltsation of tbe raid Ftgares tsn tbe Plate} wirb ffirtNer RemarU tbereon) By anotheit Fellow of the Royal SocietyB

Zi;@. . H E Head of the PfeV4cc4 drawn 1 from the Life with the reeth in both

Jaws. It feems to be of the long cartilagineeus liind} awkin to the D<gs or Hoxd Fins.

Fxg ^ 3) 4) ys 6. The tTeeth of the (ime out of tbeir Seckcts. Thefie are fbund petrSed in Beds up and dovt n thz I{land of Malt4 svith thofie of Dag*4/hes, Sharks} Pce Sila &c.

. 7. A Jaw tt a Fi{h callrd Denf=Xtith the roatnd grind rs; the 11ke Deates Molasres are oUirved and drauan by the Author in t;e Taus of other E+ii.ess as the Aarvta and SGrgES %si h {esteral B{0oxit lying by th>Nm TbeSe convex oSous Tub¢rcales are found commonly petrified in M42aX atnd arW calld there Ser- stsBtts ees Thev are of tile {am; kind with oar>En gl; Busfotites or Sadf?8tes xvhictl Dr. Merret firA de ciatec: to be the round Jaw TeetIl of tlle Lg,pg Marira or U7XD/D of Schoafeld See Mr. R2as Eravels} p 3 X r Th<#< Rafo7¢Z are properlSg calJtd by Mr. ItF Ic- zhodontes Sctellati PhiWh. lia8yfaS L5;l ^0Ov p 75 r.

lg. I9.

r<g.



( tOo )

Ft:t*tTS t*ffed of tDo+Riyes ahd @&bArks,

{ AllUd blogopetrzt ) lying in feverffipitires- tnd -fiiut- tionwstin their Beds of Earth. TheNe, with all the fore goings may be reduced to Mr. Lhwyd>s Ctafs of I¢J>tby- oMontes.

Zi;g.g. A Sea-Z7rchin, with:-tlongAicliles, xYygris Spiffis loagiJrmis Imperat. The Filhermen of Sicily of ten brought it alive to the Author. The Spines brea-k Oi7 and are eafily disjointed Of the Echit#ts the Au thor hath drawn above I 8 Specieso

Fig*. IOm A SeaVrchin follnd petrifi'd- (EcDini) in white Stone, on the Rocks and Flills near MeRa, with tome llony Spines or Prickles Iying by it; The Teats or Pivots- (on vvhich they have been illferted) lie naked and broken off. See Mr. Ray's thXrec Phyffico SheoAog,ical DiJ"coxrh Tab. 3* p3g. 16X, I6>

Fig. I I. k maSs of 4 petrifi'd Stv Archans, one entire, another bruifeds with the Eony -I'rickleabroken off; and 157ing by in the fame Bfdi there may be as many S,te*- sifs of this fort of figur'd Stones, or petrit;'d Spitless as there are of the Echini Marist-themfelves; *ome Ihort t:h-;ck, roundi(h, and cannulated (as -the Lapis dvicas) orher long? Dender, tllberculated, and ragged ( as St. PAurs B4toons in P<lt ) all belonging to the fever-aX Echixitas and Ombrie. See the RiccioS Marigo in Pietra, ImperatiXtr.Nrasral.Venet.edt; t67+2. p. 5&6. and his Chapter delle Pietre (5;igXaiche, pag. S7S 576. Thefemaycome within thecelaJ#sof theSpondylites

Fig. x^, x3. PetriX'd tartebrest wtth their Articula tions and Infertiosns, with the Ribs, See F8. I 3. Thefie may be reduced to Mr. L§<ydi Tribe- of IchthyoJ<poo dyli; f¢:)r Stones refembling Vertebres, and other Bones of Fidles, See Mr. R 's fraveRs, in the Preface, and p. s-x6, 94 CPhe Entroahi and-#.Neri-come uns d.¢r. thiSa.divi -fionO

Dg



( tot )

FEg. t4. Petri6sd Deatatxa and Cochlites found 5ying in the fame Bed, in tbe Rocky Mountains of Cala- Sr.

N. B That Dr*Robert Hooke publifh'd fiome Observa tions upon tllis SubjeA inhis MicrograpAsi4> p. iog, ItO}

I I I,I I t. and afterutards diScourSed of it at large in Seve ral of his publick Led:tures in GrMam Colleg! ( svhich the Publick have long expededs and fli;;l defi1re from him ) before StexoJ S¢tlla} and Boccoxe, communicated their curious ClbEervations to the World. See Phila0apb. 1raia2. N. 3X. pag. 6 X 8. allo N 7X. pag z I 86 tO

pag.2X9Q; SeeM.Deaif hisMemoirs axdcoa, printed with theyogrnaux des WSsavans) An. x672+.

Mcm-. 1. AlSo the ltalian Giorate di Literati EpPam. y Qf the *ame year. See Dr. Hosks Le#2re VoSpriggs pag 48,49, so But above all, JuRice is to be done to that Noble htural Philofapher Z;bigs ColgMt} who hath two admirab}e DiourCes upon the feveral parts of tW4tiC*. and GerreRrial Saimats, as alfo of Plaxtst which he himSelf obSers72d to be dug up in the Moun tains -of Andria} Apglia, and other Places; andtherew upon remarks how they were left there by the Gexeral Alood; why in fome places they remain uncorrupted, in others wafteds and tnoultdred, ia ot-hers only by their impreSed Figures, and exaE Forms That they- all anF fvrer in every delineation, and every part the s7ery Bo- dics they relemble, and are truly the very fame Sflecies, See Colgmxa in his Obferv. Aat @ 7RerreJ?r Ca p. z r pag. 43 to pag. 5y. .Alfo de Pxrpgra, Dirtt. de Gl£fit

faperris, pag 3 x to pag. 3 g. 4to Rone imprcO; x 6X 6*



Date post:	31-Jan-2017
Category:	Documents
Upload:	doanminh
View:	215 times
Download:	0 times

La Vana Speculatione Disingannata Dal Senso: Lettera Risponsiva Circa i Corpi Marini, che...

Documents